TY - RPRT A1 - Mahn, Jeffrey A1 - Quirt, David A1 - Höller, Christoph A1 - Müller-Trapet, Markus T1 - Addendum to RR-335: sound transmission through Nail-Laminated Timber (NLT) assemblies N2 - This report is published as an addendum to NRC Research Report RR-335 “Apparent Sound Insulation in Cross-Laminated Timber Buildings." It is intended that this addendum will be merged with RR-335 in the future as a report for predicting the sound insulation in buildings using mass-timber constructions including NLT assemblies. This report presents the results from experimental studies of airborne sound transmission through assemblies of nail-laminated timber (NLT) with various linings. To put the data presented in this report in the proper context, this report begins with a brief explanation of calculation procedures to predict the apparent sound transmission class (ASTC) between adjacent spaces in a building whose structure is a combination of mass-timber assemblies such as nail-laminated timber (NLT) or cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4224/40000417 PB - National Research Council of Canada. Construction ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Höller, Christoph A1 - Müller-Trapet, Markus A1 - King, Frances A1 - Bradley, John T1 - Evaluation of the communication performance of the C4 chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear mask N2 - The Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) are using chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) general service respirators (GSRs) to defend against CBRN threats and hazards to protect personnel and ensure that they can safely and successfully carry out missions. The CBRN GSR currently in use by the CAF is the C4 respirator. The National Research Council of Canada assessed the communication performance of the C4 respirator. This report presents the results of the performance test. The method for assessing the communication performance used in this study was the NIOSH standard test procedure TEB-CBRN-APR-STP-0313 [1]. Other methods exist to evaluate the communication performance of respirators, but historically the NIOSH standard test procedure has been used. This report details the implementation and results of the tests conducted at the National Research Council of Canada, following the NIOSH standard test procedure. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4224/23003981 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Höller, Christoph A1 - Quirt, David A1 - Zeitler, Berndt A1 - Sabourin, Ivan T1 - Apparent sound insulation in cold-formed steel-framed buildings N2 - This Report presents the results from substantial experimental studies of sound transmission, together with an explanation of calculation procedures to predict the sound transmission between adjacent spaces in a building whose walls and floors have cold-formed steel (CFS) framing. This first edition contains mainly data for loadbearing steel framing formed from sheet steel with thickness from 1.37 mm (16 gauge) to 0.94 mm (20 gauge). Non-loadbearing CFS studs formed from thinner steel (nominally 0.54 mm) are also commonly used but these are not included in the data tables for sound transmission through wall assemblies in this Report. KW - concrete block walls KW - floor KW - sound insulation KW - sound transmission Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4224/23001843 PB - National Research Council of Canada. Construction ER - TY - THES A1 - Höller, Christoph T1 - Indirect methods of obtaining activity and mobility of structure-borne sound sources N2 - The work reported in this thesis focuses on the development of indirect methods for the experimental determination of important source parameters for structure-borne sound source characterization. In the first part of the thesis, matrix inversion methods for the determination of blocked forces are investigated. A simplified measurement procedure is proposed which offers a solution to the two major challenges to these methods, namely the acquisition of the FRF matrix and the problems associated with matrix inversion. The proposed procedure involves a free, low-mobility receiver plate which is modelled numerically. Calculated FRFs are used together with measured velocity responses to inversely determine the blocked forces. It is found that while the method has great potential in principle, in practice the accurate modelling of the receiver plate is of critical importance. In the second part of the thesis, three formulations are considered for the indirect determination of source mobility. Instead of performing measurements on the source in the free state, the source mobility is obtained from measurements made in-situ. This approach is beneficial if the source is difficult to suspend, or if it contains non-linear structural elements. The three formulations are validated numerically and experimentally. It is found that the methods can quantify source mobilities of single-contact and multi-contact sources from in-situ measurements. However, typical measurement errors, such as background noise or inaccuracies in sensor positioning, can significantly reduce the accuracy and reliability of the methods. In the final part of the thesis, the reception plate method for the determination of the power injected by a high-mobility source into a low-mobility receiver is reviewed, and a source substitution method proposed as a development. The substitution method circumvents problems that may arise when the reception plate method is applied to coupled walls and floors. A special focus of investigation is on the calibration of the receiver structure. It is found that the calibration can be performed with shaker or hammer, and that an average calibration factor may be used. The source substitution method thus offers a potential alternative to the reception plate method, for application with coupled plates. Y1 - 2013 UR - https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/id/eprint/14233 N1 - University of Liverpool, Dissertation PB - University of Liverpool CY - Liverpool ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bauhuber, Michael A1 - Mikrievskij, Andreas A1 - Lechner, Alfred T1 - Isotropic wet chemical etching of deep channels with optical surface quality in silicon with HNA based etching solutions JF - Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing N2 - Online trace analysis based on UV/Vis spectroscopy requires long detection paths. Therefore an isotropic wet etch process in silicon is developed to fabricate a 300 µm deep channel with low channel wall roughness for desired light guidance application. Four etchant compositions were compared in terms of etching rate, surface roughness and selectivity in a beaker process. The best fitting mixture was selected. To further increase the surface quality (bubble issue) a spin etcher tool is used for producing the channels. The dependence of homogeneity and defect density on media flux, and rotation velocity was investigated. Results show that high rotation velocity and high media flux lead to great defects in the channel wall. Through rotation of the wafer during etching, the etching rate of silicon rises compared to the beaker process due to the rapid removal of etch products and simultaneous supply of fresh etchant. After 38 min of etching, 300 µm deep semi-circular channels with high optical quality (Rq=10 nm±2 nm) over 3 m were produced. Y1 - 2013 UR - https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=22980567700#disabled U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2013.05.017 VL - 16 IS - 6 SP - 1428 EP - 1433 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Höller, Christoph A1 - Zeitler, Berndt T1 - Laboratory study on flanking sound transmission in cold-formed steel-framed constructions T2 - Towards a quieter future : 45th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering (Internoise 2016) : Hamburg, Germany, 21-24 August 2016, Vol 8 N2 - In a recent study at the National Research Council Canada, the sound transmission in cold-formed steel-framed constructions was investigated. The results of direct sound insulation tests of wall and floor assemblies were reported at EURONOISE 2015 and INTERNOISE 2015. This paper focuses on flanking sound transmission in cold-formed steel-framed constructions. A representative full-scale mock-up specimen was constructed in NRC’s 8-room flanking transmission facility. The specimen consists of four loadbearing walls with 152 mm deep steel studs, four non-loadbearing walls with 92mm deep steel studs, and four floor-ceiling assemblies consisting of steel joists and a composite steel deck with gypsum concrete. Measurements were conducted according to the indirect method described in ISO 10848. The individual flanking paths were measured by a sequence of transmission loss measurements in which other transmission paths were suppressed by shielding. For the bare specimen without linings, the sound transmission for horizontally adjacent rooms with continuous subfloors is dominated by the floor-floor flanking paths. Floor coverings or floor toppings are needed to meet the requirements in the National Building Code of Canada. This paper presents details of the measurements, highlights some of the results and discusses implications. Y1 - 2016 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307210627_Laboratory_Study_on_Flanking_Sound_Transmission_in_Cold-Formed_Steel-Framed_Constructions SP - 6238 EP - 6249 PB - Curran Associates Inc. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hutterer, Albert A1 - Bauhuber, Michael A1 - Hummel, Helmut A1 - Lechner, Alfred T1 - Real-time analyses of metal contaminations in the ppb-range JF - Solid State Phenomena N2 - In high-tech processing even smallest concentrations of metal ions in process media are of the utmost significance because they cause expensive production failures. Currently, cost-intensive equipment, special trained staff and time consuming analyses are necessary to detect these contaminations in order to avoid failures. The Centers of Excellence Nanochem and Sensorics at the University of Applied Sciences Regensburg (owner of patent PCT/EP2010/064833) and their industrial partner Micro-Epsilon GmbH are developing a new miniaturized measurement device which allows cost-effective real-time analysis of fluidic media for the first time. The system is fully automated and can be directly connected to wet-etch benches. Hence it allows continuous real-time surveillance of metal contaminations in the ppb-range through absorption spectroscopy in process media. For this purpose a very small sample amount of the process medium and a specific complexing agent are mixed together. This leads to an increase in the molar extinction coefficients and though even smallest contaminations become visible. The main parts of our development are the simulation of the different system components, their production and chemical analyses with the evaluation model. KW - Absorption KW - Analysis KW - Complexing Agent KW - Light Guidance KW - Liquid-Core Waveguide KW - Metal Ions KW - Online Measurement KW - Real-Time KW - Total Internal Reflection Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.195 VL - 195 SP - 269 EP - 273 PB - Trans Tech Publications ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Höller, Christoph A1 - Zeitler, Berndt A1 - Mahn, Jeffrey T1 - Direct sound transmission loss of heavy gauge steel stud walls T2 - Proceedings of Euronoise 2015 : 10th European Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering : Maastricht, 31 May - 3 June 2015 Y1 - 2015 SP - 1121 EP - 1126 CY - Maastricht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jungnitsch, Georg T1 - Psychotherapeutische Verfahren bei chronischen Schmerzen JF - Fortschritte der Medizin N2 - Psychotherapeutic possibilities of treating chronic pain are employed in two different ways: Firstly in the form of psychotherapy in patients whose strategies for coping with pain and/or pain genesis can be described in terms of psychopathological categories; secondly in the form of pain-coping training, which is generally indicated in the presence of chronic pain, in particular that which is traditionally termed organic. With respect to their effectiveness in achieving, in the first place, mood change, and in the assessment of symptoms, the individual procedures have been well tested. The question as to differential indication, which can most readily be applied to the use of biofeedback, remains largely unanswered. T2 - Psychotherapeutic possibilities of treating chronic pain Y1 - 1990 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292930409_Psychotherapeutic_possibilities_of_treating_chronic_pain VL - 108 IS - 8 SP - 50 EP - 58 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peter, Daniel A1 - Dalmer, Michael A1 - Lechner, Alfred A1 - Gigler, Alexander M. A1 - Stark, Robert W. A1 - Bensch, Wolfgang T1 - Measurement of the mechanical stability of semiconductor line structures in drying liquids with application to pattern collapse JF - Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering N2 - Enhanced particle removal processes in wet cleaning as well as drying processes of semiconductor wafers can cause significant lateral forces on surface structures. These forces, however, must not exceed the mechanical stability of structures on the wafer. Thus, a mechanical fracture test was used to assess the lateral mechanical stability of polysilicon line structures in relevant process liquids. The mechanical test was based on nanomanipulation with an atomic force microscope. Compared to fracture tests in air, data acquired in liquid isopropanol revealed a stabilizing effect. The differences in fracture forces can be attributed to a stress corrosion process on the surface. The size of the generated damage was influenced by the viscosity of the surrounding media. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/21/2/025001 VL - 21 IS - 2 PB - IOP Science ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Peter, Daniel A1 - Dalmer, Michael A1 - Lotnyk, Andriy A1 - Kienle, Lorenz A1 - Lechner, Alfred A1 - Bensch, Wolfgang T1 - Solid bridging during pattern collapse (stiction) studied on silicon nanoparticles T2 - MRS Online Proceedings Library N2 - The high surface to volume ratio of nanoparticles allows a detailed experimental study of the surface phenomena associated with solid bridging. Besides bulk analyses, the local view on the structure and composition via HRTEM is particularly essential. 50 nm core shell particles consisting of a silicon (Si) core and a SiO2 shell were used as model system to understand surface phenomena appearing for Si-based nanostructures. Evaporative drying from de-ionized water shows the most significant bridging effect based on SiO2. There is only a localized deposition of oxides between the particles during the drying process and no overall oxidation. For the deposition material, silicates are the most likely candidates. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1557/opl.2011.397 VL - 1299 SP - 191 EP - 196 PB - Springer Nature ER -