TY - JOUR
A1 - Genslein, Christa
A1 - Hausler, Peter
A1 - Kirchner, Eva-Maria
A1 - Bierl, Rudolf
A1 - Baeumner, Antje J.
A1 - Hirsch, Thomas
T1 - Graphene-enhanced plasmonic nanohole arrays for environmental sensing in aqueous samples
JF - Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology
N2 - The label-free nature of surface plasmon resonance techniques (SPR) enables a fast, specific, and sensitive analysis of molecular interactions. However, detection of highly diluted concentrations and small molecules is still challenging. It is shown here that in contrast to continuous gold films, gold nanohole arrays can significantly improve the performance of SPR devices in angle-dependent measurement mode, as a signal amplification arises from localized surface plasmons at the nanostructures. This leads consequently to an increased sensing capability of molecules bound to the nanohole array surface. Furthermore, a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sensor surface was layered over the nanohole array. Reduced graphene oxide is a 2D nanomaterial consisting of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms and is an attractive receptor surface for SPR as it omits any bulk phase and therefore allows fast response times. In fact, it was found that nanohole arrays demonstrated a higher shift in the resonance angle of 250–380% compared to a continuous gold film. At the same time the nanohole array structure as characterized by its diameter-to-periodicity ratio had minimal influence on the binding capacity of the sensor surface. As a simple and environmentally highly relevant model, binding of the plasticizer diethyl phthalate (DEP) via π-stacking was monitored on the rGO gold nanohole array realizing a limit of detection of as low as 20 nM. The concentration-dependent signal change was studied with the best performing rGO-modified nanohole arrays. Compared to continuous gold films a diameter-to-periodicity ratio (D/P) of 0.43 lead to a 12-fold signal enhancement. Finally, the effect of environmental waters on the sensor was evaluated using samples from sea, lake and river waters spiked with analytically relevant amounts of DEP during which significant changes in the SPR signal are observed. It is expected that this concept can be successfully transferred to enhance the sensitivity in SPR sensors.
KW - diethyl phthalate
KW - environmental sensing
KW - nanohole array
KW - nanosphere lithography
KW - surface plasmon resonance
Y1 - 2016
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:355-epub-398623
IS - 7
SP - 1564
EP - 1573
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Höller, Christoph
A1 - Zeitler, Berndt
T1 - Playing ball with transients on the force plate and on the reception plate
T2 - Noise control for a better environment. PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNOISE 2019. The 48th International Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering, June 16-19, Madrid
KW - Impact Noise
KW - Reception Plate
KW - Transient Excitation
KW - Heavy Soft Impact Source
Y1 - 2019
UR - http://www.sea-acustica.es/fileadmin//INTERNOISE_2019/Fchrs/Proceedings/2160.pdf
PB - INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Höller, Christoph
A1 - Zeitler, Berndt
A1 - Reinhold, S.
A1 - Jakob, A.
A1 - Hopkins, C.
T1 - Charakterisierung von Körperschallquellen auf der Empfangsplatte mit Hilfe von orthogonalen Funktionen
T2 - Tagungsband - DAGA 2019 : 45. Jahrestagung für Akustik : 18.-21. März 2019, Rostock
Y1 - 2019
UR - https://pub.dega-akustik.de/DAGA_2019/data/daga19_proceedings.pdf
SN - 978-3-939296-14-0
SP - 93
EP - 96
PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Akustik e.V.
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Yeap, Kim Ho
A1 - Meister, Tobias
A1 - Oh, Zi Xin
A1 - Nisar, Humaira
T1 - Circuit Modelling Methodology for Dual-band Planar Antennas
JF - APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY JOURNAL
N2 - This paper presents a simple and systematic approach to determine the equivalent frequency-independent circuit model for a dual-band planar antenna. The Foster Canonical network synthesis technique with two RLC tanks has been employed to generate the two resonant bands of the antenna. The transfer function model is subsequently refined using a data fitting algorithm (viz the Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm). Parametric adjustments are performed at the final stage in order to further improve the accuracy of the final parameters.
KW - COMPACT
KW - Data-fitting algorithm
KW - equivalent circuit
KW - Foster canonical network
KW - PATCH
KW - planar antenna
KW - resonant bands
KW - SHAPED ANTENNA
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.47037/2021.ACES.J.360822
VL - 36
IS - 8
SP - 1112
EP - 1115
PB - APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOC
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Singla, Rashmi
A1 - de Ponte, Ulrike
ED - Mayer, Claude-Hélène
ED - Vanderheiden, Elisabeth
T1 - Love in the Context of Transnational Academic Exchanges: Promoting Mental Health and Wellbeing
T2 - International Handbook of Love
N2 - Educational and cultural dimensions of transnational academic exchange such as student exchanges, double degree programmes, internships have been researched but the romantic dimensions are almost overlooked, especially qualitatively, while Green (EU’s Erasmus study abroad programme is ‘responsible for 1m babies’, 2014) documents that one quarter students on Erasmus exchange scheme met their long-term partner while studying abroad.
The chapter explores love, with focus on formation of intimate relations in academic exchanges in the European settings. The method is case-studies drawn from two projects based in Denmark, the first about ethnically intermarried couples (Singla, Intermarriage and mixed parenting: Promoting mental health & wellbeing, crossover love. Palgrave Macmillan, 2015) and the second, an ongoing project about LAT (Living Apart Together) transnational couples (Singla & Varma, LAT (Living Apart Together) transnational couples: Promoting mental health and wellbeing, 2018), moving beyond ‘methodological nationalism and- conjugalism’.
The theoretical framework is Cultural Psychology and foreground is a combination of Narrative Psychology, intersectionality, digital emotional reflexivity and transnationalism. Moreover, aspects related to figuring out criteria of the exchange situation abroad, which can underpin explaining the high rate of long-term relationships while studying abroad, are included. Those aspects are based on a framework, in which intercultural and developmental psychological findings are linked. The 3–4 case studies are drawn from empirical research with eight couples in the first study and 20 couples in the second. The narratives are thematically analysed, whereas two themes regarding participants’ motivation for establishing relationship despite differences and long-term sustaining of the relationship are described in the chapter.
Preliminary findings nuance the phenomenon of love in academic exchanges, invoking concepts such as educational homogamy, balancing independence and togetherness, diversities of connectivities intersecting social media and intimacies. Furthermore, the significant others’ support and opposition of these couples’ love dynamics are covered, along with considerations linked to the concept of the emotional availability (Saunders, Kraus, Barone & Biringen, Frontiers in Psychology, 2015) based on Bowlby’s attachment theory and the shared third (Benjamin, Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 73(1), 5–46, 2004).
Lastly, ‘good practices’ for promoting the mental health and wellbeing of such academic exchange couples are delineated along with suggestions for relevant services for those experiencing psychosocial problems.
Educational and cultural dimensions of transnational academic exchange such as student exchanges, double degree programmes, internships have been researched but the romantic dimensions are almost overlooked, especially qualitatively, while Green (EU’s Erasmus study abroad programme is ‘responsible for 1m babies’, 2014) documents that one quarter students on Erasmus exchange scheme met their long-term partner while studying abroad.
The chapter explores love, with focus on formation of intimate relations in academic exchanges in the European settings. The method is case-studies drawn from two projects based in Denmark, the first about ethnically intermarried couples (Singla, Intermarriage and mixed parenting: Promoting mental health & wellbeing, crossover love. Palgrave Macmillan, 2015) and the second, an ongoing project about LAT (Living Apart Together) transnational couples (Singla & Varma, LAT (Living Apart Together) transnational couples: Promoting mental health and wellbeing, 2018), moving beyond ‘methodological nationalism and- conjugalism’.
The theoretical framework is Cultural Psychology and foreground is a combination of Narrative Psychology, intersectionality, digital emotional reflexivity and transnationalism. Moreover, aspects related to figuring out criteria of the exchange situation abroad, which can underpin explaining the high rate of long-term relationships while studying abroad, are included. Those aspects are based on a framework, in which intercultural and developmental psychological findings are linked.
KW - Academic exchange
KW - Diversities of connectivities
KW - Educational homogamy
KW - Emotional availability
KW - Intimate relationship
KW - Love
KW - Narrative psychology
Y1 - 2021
SN - 978-3-030-45995-6
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45996-3_32
VL - 67
SP - 599
EP - 620
PB - Springer International Publishing
CY - Cham
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bedi-Visschers, Marion
T1 - Von der hilfreichen Kätzin zum Gestiefelten Kater
JF - Tierstudien 15/2019 : Tiere erzählen
Y1 - 2019
UR - https://download.e-bookshelf.de/download/0012/6113/68/L-O-0012611368-0041192977.pdf
VL - 8
IS - 15
SP - 33
EP - 44
PB - Neofelis Verlag
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Li, Shisong
A1 - Stock, Michael
A1 - Schlamminger, Stephan
T1 - A new magnet design for future Kibble balances
JF - Metrologia
N2 - We propose a new permanent magnet system for Kibble balance experiments, which combines advantages of the magnet designs invented by the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) and by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The goal of the proposed magnet system is to minimize the coil-current effect and to optimize the shielding at the same time. In the proposed design, a permanent magnet system with two gaps, each housing a coil, is employed to minimize the coil current effect, by reducing the linear coil-current dependence reported for the single air gap design by at least one order of magnitude. Both air gaps of the magnet are completely surrounded by high-permeability material, and hence the coils are shielded from outside magnetic fields and no magnetic field leaks outside of the magnet system. An example of the new magnet system is given and the analysis shows that the magnetic field in the air gap can be optimized to meet the requirement to be used in Kibble balances.
KW - II WATT BALANCE
KW - inductance force
KW - JOULE BALANCE
KW - Kibble balance
KW - magnetic field
KW - magnetic shielding
KW - MARK-II
KW - NATIONAL INSTITUTE
KW - NIM
KW - PLANCK CONSTANT
KW - standards
KW - SYSTEM
KW - TECHNOLOGY
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/aab2ea
VL - 55
IS - 3
SP - 319
EP - 325
PB - IOP PUBLISHING
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rothleitner, Christian
A1 - Schlamminger, Stephan
T1 - Invited Review Article: Measurements of the Newtonian constant of gravitation, G
JF - Review of Scientific Instruments
N2 - By many accounts, the Newtonian constant of gravitation G is the fundamental constant that is most difficult to measure accurately. Over the past three decades, more than a dozen precision measurements of this constant have been performed. However, the scatter of the data points is much larger than the uncertainties assigned to each individual measurement, yielding a Birge ratio of about five. Today, G is known with a relative standard uncertainty of 4.7 x 10(-5), which is several orders of magnitudes greater than the relative uncertainties of other fundamental constants. In this article, various methods to measure G are discussed. Alarge array of different instruments ranging from the simple torsion balance to the sophisticated atom interferometer can be used to determine G. Some instruments, such as the torsion balance can be used in several different ways. In this article, the advantages and disadvantages of different instruments as well as different methods are discussed. A narrative arc from the historical beginnings of the different methods to their modern implementation is given. Finally, the article ends with a brief overview of the current state of the art and an outlook.
KW - acceleration
KW - ADJUSTMENT
KW - ATOM
KW - BALANCE
KW - CODATA RECOMMENDED VALUES
KW - FORCE
KW - FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS
KW - INTERFEROMETRY
KW - MASS
KW - PRECISION-MEASUREMENT
Y1 - 2017
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4994619
VL - 88
IS - 11
PB - AIP Publishing
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bresinsky, Markus
T1 - Understanding Hybrid Warfare as Asymmetric Conflict : Systemic Analysis by Safety, Security and Certainty
JF - On-line Journal Modelling the New Europe
N2 - The emergence of innovative methods and operations in asymmetric conflicts as for example unidentifiable soldiers during the Crimean conflict in 2014 or sophisticated cyberattack against Estonia in 2007 was a trigger for both analysts and scholars to rethink scientific concepts of asymmetric conflict. With introduction of the concept 'hybrid warfare' a new systematic element was established in scientific research. Nevertheless, the concept is discussed rather controversially and often its scientific value is questioned. Most of the literature describes the empirical phenomena of hybrid warfare, but does not provide a theoretical based argumentation. This paper addresses the neglected aspect of systemic analysis by focusing on vulnerability of modern societies and outlines a concept based on the theoretical idea of safety, security and certainty to grasp the underlying driving factors of new forms and methods in asymmetric conflicts. The analysis presented here shows that sociology and system engineering have already developed valuable conceptual definitions of safety, security and certainty that can be used for the analysis of asymmetric conflicts. The missing link, closed by this paper, was an interdisciplinary approach to integrate these concepts into an analysis framework. The findings indicated that the new forms of asymmetric conflicts can be understood as a concise and precise analysis of systemic weaknesses of nation states and their societies. Still, Western European nations focus their security policy mainly on past challenges of war and peace. Therefore, societies of these nations remain highly vulnerable to safety threats and uncertainty. The presented theoretical framework supported this result and should, therefore, be of value to analysts and scientists alike aiming to identify the underlying systemic factors of innovative asymmetric conflict.
KW - Certainty
KW - Hybrid warfare
KW - safety
KW - Security
KW - Systemic analysis
KW - Theoretical framework
Y1 - 2016
UR - https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/understanding-hybrid-warfare-as-asymmetric/docview/1872206522/se-2
IS - 21
SP - 29
EP - 51
PB - Babes-Bolyai University
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Schliermann, Rainer
ED - Hengelmolen-Greb, A.
ED - Jöbges, M.
T1 - Fußball
T2 - Leitfaden Physiotherapie in der Neurologie. Physiotherapie in der Neurologie
Y1 - 2019
SP - 443
EP - 444
PB - Elsevier
ER -
TY - BOOK
ED - Weber, Karsten
ED - Friesen, Hans
ED - Zoglauer, Thomas
T1 - Philosophie und Phantastik
KW - Das Fantastische
KW - Fantasie
KW - Film
KW - Literatur
KW - Philosophie
KW - Spiel
Y1 - 2016
SN - 978-3-95743-073-1
PB - Mentis
CY - Münster
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Köhler, Ann-Kathrin
A1 - Ostermeier, Nadine
A1 - Schaubächer, Ursula
A1 - Wolf, Lars
T1 - Einfluss der Wärmespeicherfähigkeit von Massivbauteilen auf den Heizwärmebedarf und die Behaglichkeit eines Gebäudes
BT - Literaturstudie. Masterprojektarbeit
KW - Wärmespeicherung
KW - Massivbau
KW - Energieeinsparung
KW - Behaglichkeit
KW - Gebäude
Y1 - 2015
CY - Regensburg
ER -
TY - RPRT
ED - Neuleitner, Nikolaus
ED - Steffens, Oliver
T1 - Energienutzungsplan für die Gemeinde Sinzing
BT - Phase I. Bestandsaufnahme. Ergebnisbericht 1 (12/2011)
Y1 - 2011
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Oberhofer, Marika
A1 - Gruber, Ramona
T1 - Feuchte in Tunnelinnenschalen. Eine Literaturstudie
Y1 - 2015
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-20635
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Raith, Lea
A1 - Schmidling, Anja
A1 - Windisch, Bastian
T1 - Bauteiltemperierung
BT - Studienarbeit
Y1 - 2012
CY - Regensburg
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Steffens, Oliver
T1 - Saisonale Wärmespeicherung von opaken Bauteilen im Massivbau
BT - Literatur-Übersicht
Y1 - 2015
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Steffens, Oliver
T1 - Energetische Modernisierung und Restaurierung historisch wertvoller Stadtquartiere. Regenerative Energieversorgung als Schwerpunkt einer nachhaltigen Modernisierung historisch wertvoller Stadtquartiere (RENARHIS)
JF - Zukunft bauen. Forschungsinitiative Zukunft Bau 2016
Y1 - 2016
IS - 5
SP - 62
EP - 65
PB - Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, Bau und Reaktorsicherheit (BMUB)
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Steffens, Oliver
A1 - Neuleitner, Nikolaus
T1 - Einfluss der Wärmespeicherfähigkeit von Massivbauteilen in der Gebäudehülle und im Inneren von Gebäuden auf Energiebedarf und Behaglichkeit
BT - Gutachterliche Stellungsnahme
Y1 - 2016
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Bresinsky, Markus
A1 - Schroeder, Johanna
A1 - Viscardi, Valerio
T1 - Strategic Forecasting with Machine Learning for Regional Geopolitical Analysis
Y1 - 2020
UR - https://www.oth-regensburg.de/fileadmin/media/presse/pressedownload/pressematerial/pdf/2020/OTH_RCAI_DinA0_KI_Bresinsky_Web.pdf
ER -
TY - INPR
A1 - Amat, A.
A1 - Halimah, M. K.
A1 - Ishak, M.
A1 - Nazrin, S. N.
A1 - Syamimi, Nik Nur
A1 - Hasnimulyati, L.
T1 - Electronic Polarizability and Optical Basicity of BaO-B2O3-TeO2 Glass System
N2 - [(TeO2)0.7(B2O3)0.3]1-x (BaO)x, x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30 and 0.35 mol fraction glass series were successfully synthesized by conventional melt quenching method. Amorphous phase of all samples was confirmed through X-ray diffraction while optical properties were determined using UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis showed that the glass structure consisted of TeO3, TeO4, TeO6, BO3 and BO4 structural units. The optical band gap energy, Eopt which was calculated from Tauc’ plots decreased as the amount of BaO increases, whereas, the Urbach energy value increased. The increase in Urbach energy value was attributed to the increase of defects in glass structure. The refractive indices of glass were found to increase along with the increased amount of BaO, due to the high polarization and high density of host material and glass modifier. The molar polarizability, αm, oxide ion polarizability, αo2- and optical basicity, Λ of the glasses are calculated by Lorentz-Lorenz equation. The glasses were found to possess αm values between 8.106 – 8.489 Å3, and αo2- values between 3.303 to 4.772. Meanwhile, optical basicity increases from 0.115 to 0.893.
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1093838/v1
ET - Version 1, posted 30 Nov, 2021
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Gerhards, Helene
ED - Mauer, Heike
ED - Leinius, Johanna
ED - Gerhards, Helene
T1 - Von Patient*innenzellen und Patient*innenzahlen
BT - Intersektionale Perspektiven auf biomedizinische Forschung
T2 - Intersektionalität und Postkolonialität ; kritische feministische Perspektiven auf Politik und Macht
Y1 - 2021
SN - 9783847424550
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3224/84742455
SP - 181
EP - 203
PB - Verlag Barbara Budrich
CY - Opladen; Berlin
ER -
TY - GEN
ED - Babik, Wieslaw
ED - Ohly, Heinz Peter
ED - Weber, Karsten
T1 - Theorie, Semantik und Organisation von Wissen
T2 - Theory, Information and Organization of Knowledge
KW - Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft
KW - Wissensorganisation
KW - Wissensextraktion
KW - Automatische Sprachanalyse
KW - Semantic Web
KW - Indexierung
KW - Scientific Community
Y1 - 2017
SN - 978-3-95650-239-2
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783956503269
PB - Ergon Verlag
CY - Würzburg
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bender, Guzide
A1 - Fahrioglu Yamaci, Rezan
A1 - Taneri, Bahar
T1 - CRISPR and KRAS: a match yet to be made
JF - Journal of biomedical science
N2 - CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) systems are one of the most fascinating tools of the current era in molecular biotechnology. With the ease that they provide in genome editing, CRISPR systems generate broad opportunities for targeting mutations. Specifically in recent years, disease-causing mutations targeted by the CRISPR systems have been of main research interest; particularly for those diseases where there is no current cure, including cancer. KRAS mutations remain untargetable in cancer. Mutations in this oncogene are main drivers in common cancers, including lung, colorectal and pancreatic cancers, which are severe causes of public health burden and mortality worldwide, with no cure at hand. CRISPR systems provide an opportunity for targeting cancer causing mutations. In this review, we highlight the work published on CRISPR applications targeting KRAS mutations directly, as well as CRISPR applications targeting mutations in KRAS-related molecules. In specific, we focus on lung, colorectal and pancreatic cancers. To date, the limited literature on CRISPR applications targeting KRAS, reflect promising results. Namely, direct targeting of mutant KRAS variants using various CRISPR systems resulted in significant decrease in cell viability and proliferation in vitro, as well as tumor growth inhibition in vivo. In addition, the effect of mutant KRAS knockdown, via CRISPR, has been observed to exert regulatory effects on the downstream molecules including PI3K, ERK, Akt, Stat3, and c-myc. Molecules in the KRAS pathway have been subjected to CRISPR applications more often than KRAS itself. The aim of using CRISPR systems in these studies was mainly to analyze the therapeutic potential of possible downstream and upstream effectors of KRAS, as well as to discover further potential molecules. Although there have been molecules identified to have such potential in treatment of KRAS-driven cancers, a substantial amount of effort is still needed to establish treatment strategies based on these discoveries. We conclude that, at this point in time, despite being such a powerful directed genome editing tool, CRISPR remains to be underutilized for targeting KRAS mutations in cancer. Efforts channelled in this direction, might pave the way in solving the long-standing challenge of targeting the KRAS mutations in cancers.
KW - Animals
KW - Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
KW - Humans
KW - Mice
KW - Mutation
KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/therapeutic use
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-021-00772-0
VL - 28
SP - 1
EP - 25
PB - Springer Nature
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Bresinsky, Markus
A1 - Reusner, Florian von
T1 - GLOBE – Learn and Innovate Digitization by a Virtual Collaboration Exercise and Living Lab
T2 - Interactivity, Game Creation, Design, Learning, and Innovation. 6th International Conference, ArtsIT 2017, and Second International Conference, DLI 2017, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, October 30–31, 2017, Proceedings
N2 - This paper presents an advanced interactive learning platform .dot that implements the GLOBE exercise, using innovative information and communication technologies to enhance learning and development of management and leadership skills in a complex organizational setting. GLOBE on the one hand focuses on competences around ICT and virtual collaboration, and on the other hand on digital transformation, technologies and tools at higher education institutions. By this applied science, learning and developing on the real-world platform, analysis and drive of digital innovation and transformation can be fostered. The main goal is to co-create knowledge and solutions in the following focused subjects: Management and leadership of multidisciplinary, multinational and multicultural virtual and real collaboration in a complex organizational environment. GLOBE uses real world scenarios (e.g. United Nations mission) and involves real world actors.
This comprehensive educational approach should enhance learning techniques and leverage learning progress with hands-on experiences and applied science in the context of ICT and virtual collaboration, and the embodied dynamics of behavior to support innovation and development.
KW - Digitization
KW - Experiential learning
KW - Human factors
KW - ICT
KW - Interactive and collaborative learning
KW - Living Lab
KW - Open innovation
KW - Problem-based learning
KW - Virtual collaboration
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76908-0_26
SP - 273
EP - 281
PB - Springer Nature
ER -
TY - PAT
A1 - Olbrich, Florian
A1 - Pongratz, Christian
A1 - Bierl, Rudolf
A1 - Ehrlich, Ingo
T1 - Method and System for Evaluating a Structural Integrity of an Aerial Vehicle
T2 - Europäisches Patentblatt (09.12.2020) zur Anmeldung: OTH Regensburg, Anmeldenummer: 19179054.2, Patentnummer 1001/3748327, Veröffentlichungsnummer: 3 748 327
Y1 - 2020
SP - 395
EP - 396
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Peter, Daniel
A1 - Holsteyns, Frank
A1 - Dalmer, Michael
A1 - Kruwinus, Hans
A1 - Lechner, Alfred
A1 - Bensch, Wolfgang
T1 - A Study on the Structure Collapse Mechanisms for High Aspect Ratio Structures with Application to Clean Processing
JF - ECS Meeting Abstracts
Y1 - 2009
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1149/MA2009-02/24/2084
VL - MA2009-02
IS - 24
PB - IOP Science
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tan, Pi Lin
A1 - Yeap, Guan Yeow
A1 - Chow, Wen Shyang
A1 - Schreiner, Rupert
A1 - Cheong, Kuan Yew
T1 - Effect of Thickness of Porphyrin on Electrical Properties of Organic Devices
JF - Advanced Materials Research (AMR)
N2 - The study on electrical properties for both 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21,23H-porphine Cu (II) (Cu-porphyrin) and 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21,23H-porphine (porphyrin) thin film, which were fabricated using spin coating method was conducted. Porphyrins were diluted with chloroform of various concentrations (0.05 mg/ml, 0.1 mg/ml, 0.5 mg/ml, 2.0 mg/ml and 3.0 mg/ml). The solution was spin coated on top of glass substrates. A layer of aluminum was evaporated on top of the organic thin film through thermal evaporation and shadow mask was placed on top of the organic thin film where two electrodes with a gap of 50 μm were formed. Surface morphology of the organic thin film was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and profilometer. Different concentrations of organic solutions greatly affected the molecular packing and arrangement order of the organic thin film and thickness of the organic layer and eventually affected electrical properties of the devices.
KW - Porphyrin
KW - Electrical Properties
KW - Spin Coating
Y1 - 2014
U6 - https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1024.381
SN - 1662-8985
SN - 1022-6680
VL - 1024
SP - 381
EP - 384
PB - Trans Tech Publications Ltd.
CY - Baech
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Dams, Florian
A1 - Schreiner, Rupert
T1 - A high thermal resistance MEMS-based Pirani vacuum sensor chip
T2 - Smart sensors, actuators and MEMS VI : 24 - 26 April 2013, Grenoble, France / [part of SPIE microtechnologies]
N2 - The performance of thermal conductivity vacuum gauges can be improved by a well-designed geometry. The lower measurement range limit is determined by the size of the active sensing area and the thermal conduction heat losses through the supporting structures. The upper measurement range is limited by the distance between the heated element and the cold reference plane. Silicon based MEMS-technology gives the possibility to fabricate both sensing structures with suitable areas out of low thermal conductive materials and narrow gaps in order to extend the measurement range in both directions. In this work we present a MEMS-process to fabricate high thermal resistance sensor structures. The rectangular sensitive areas are anchored by four beams and are structured out of low thermal conductive PECVD-siliconnitride films with 1 µm in thickness. The metallic heating structure is completely embedded in the SiN-layer. Both sensitive area and its support beams were released from the silicon bulk material by anisotropic underetching. In this way a free-supporting structure with a gap of 150 μm to the silicon substrate was formed. The influence of the filament geometry and temperature was systematically investigated to determine the properties of the chips as thermal conductivity vacuum gauges. The temperature of the sensitive area was held constant by a self-balancing bridge circuit and the heating power was measured by a Δ-Σ-ADC. The average solid state thermal conductivity is in the order of 106WK1. The measuring range of the most sensitive structures covers 8 orders of magnitude from 105 mbar to 1000mbar.
Y1 - 2013
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2017345
PB - SPIE
CY - Bellingham, Wash.
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Prommesberger, Christian
A1 - Langer, Christoph
A1 - Ławrowski, Robert Damian
A1 - Schreiner, Rupert
T1 - Investigations on the long-term performance of gated p-type silicon tip arrays with reproducible and stable field emission behavior
JF - Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B
N2 - The authors report on the fabrication and characterization of p-type Si tip arrays with an integrated gate electrode for applications as field emission electron sources. After the reactive ion etching of the emitters, the combined thermal dry and wet oxidation was used for both the sharpening of the emitters and for the realization of an enhanced insulation layer. Au was evaporated in a self-aligned process as gate electrode. Arrays of 16 Si tips were fabricated with tip heights of about 3 μm and tip radii of about 20 nm with integrated gate electrode concentrically positioned ≈2 μm below the tip apex. Integral measurements with an additional anode showed improved field emission properties with a reproducible and stable emission behavior. A fast activation of the tips, low onset voltages of about 30 V, and moderate field emission currents up to 0.55 μA were noticed. The field emission parameters were calculated using the Fowler–Nordheim characteristics. A pronounced saturation regime was observed, and current fluctuations of less than ±1% were investigated for 30 min. Long-term measurements were carried out for a period of more than 8 h. In the first 6 h of operation, the authors observed a drift of the emission current from 0.35 to 0.55 μA caused by an increased emission surface.
Y1 - 2017
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4972519
VL - 35
IS - 1
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Bieker, Johannes
A1 - Roustaie, Farough
A1 - Langer, Christoph
A1 - Schreiner, Rupert
A1 - Schlaak, Helmut F.
T1 - Innovatives Verfahren zur Herstellung und Integration metallischer Nanokonen für die Feldemission
T2 - MikroSystemTechnik Kongress 2017 : MEMS, Mikroelektronik, Systeme 23.-25. Oktober 2017 in München
N2 - In den letzten Jahren wurde am Institut für Elektromechanische Konstruktionen die Fabrikation und Integration von metallischen Nanodrähten und Nanokonen mittels Template-basierter Abscheidung erforscht. Diese Variante der in-situ Abscheidung von metallischen Nanostrukturen bietet eine Vielzahl von Anwendungsmöglichkeiten. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags werden das Herstellungsverfahren zur Herstellung metallischer Nanokonen vorgestellt. Dies beinhaltet sowohl die Templatepräparation mittels asymmetrischen Ätzens als auch die anschließende Integration mittels galvanischer Abscheidung. Eine Anwendung der metallischen Nanokonen stellt die Verwendung als Feldemitter in der Vakuumelektronik dar. Es werden erste Messungen der Langzeitstabilität des Feldemissionsstromes der metallischen Konen präsentiert.
N2 - Recently the fabrication and integration of metallic nanowires and nanocones based on ion-track etched templates has been in the focus of research at the Institute for Electromechanical Design at the TU Darmstadt. Using the method for the in-situ deposition various applications are feasible. In this paper we present the fabrication method for in-situ deposition of metallic nanocones, including the preparation of the polymer templates based on asymmetric etching and the process description for integration via electrodeposition. Giving one example for an application, the metallic nanocones can be used as field emitters in vacuum electronics. The field emission properties will be presented briefly.
T2 - Innovative fabrication method for in-situ deposition of metallic nanocones for field emission
KW - Ätzen
KW - Feldemission
KW - galvanische Abscheidung
KW - Herstellverfahren
KW - Langzeitstabilität
KW - Nanodraht
KW - Nanostruktur
KW - Polymer
KW - Prozessbeschreibung
KW - Vakuum
Y1 - 2017
SN - 978-3-8007-4491-6
IS - CD-ROM
SP - 797
EP - 800
PB - VDE-Verlag
CY - München
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - van der Weerd, Bastiaan
A1 - Bierl, Rudolf
A1 - Matysik, Frank-Michael
T1 - A Conductivity Probe for Determination of the Carbon Dioxide Tension at the Oxygenator Exhaust Outlet during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)
T2 - Proceedings of the 9th ISC Modern Analytical Chemistry 2013, Prag
Y1 - 2013
UR - https://www.gdch.de/fileadmin/downloads/Veranstaltungen/Tagungen/2014_Tagungen/analytica/poster_abstracts/sens03_vanderweerd_5860.pdf
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Herrmann, Frank
A1 - Brunner, Stephan
A1 - Laubmeier, Franz
T1 - Optimierung des Arbeitsablaufes von Lieferantenanfragen unter Entwicklung eines Webportals und weiteren Neuerungen im ERP-System FactWork
JF - Anwendungen und Konzepte der Wirtschaftsinformatik online
N2 - Effiziente Arbeitsabläufe sind für profitable Unternehmen von zentraler Natur. ERP-Systeme können betreffenden Firmen dahingehend helfen, besagte Arbeitsabläufe entsprechend abzubilden und nach Möglichkeit auch zu automatisieren. In dieser Arbeit sollen die notwendigen Schritte zur Bearbeitung einer Lieferantenanfrage primär durch eine Weboberfläche
zur automatisierten Rückführung eingehender Angebote, sowie weiteren Verbesserungen, optimiert werden, was eine Erhöhung der Produktivität, eine Verminderung des Zeitaufwandes, und damit auch eine Reduzierung der Personalkosten zur Folge hat.
KW - Geschäftsprozesse
KW - ERP-Systeme
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-30626
VL - 13
SP - 19
EP - 26
PB - AKWI
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - van der Weerd, Bastiaan
A1 - Bierl, Rudolf
A1 - Matysik, Frank-Michael
T1 - A Conductivity Probe for the Determination of Carbon Dioxide Tension at the Oxygenator Exhaust Outlet during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)
T2 - analytica Conference 2014, 1. bis 4. April, München
Y1 - 2014
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Ławrowski, Robert Damian
A1 - Langer, Christoph
A1 - Prommesberger, Christian
A1 - Dams, Florian
A1 - Bachmann, Michael
A1 - Schreiner, Rupert
T1 - Fabrication and simulation of silicon structures with high aspect ratio for field emission devices
T2 - 2014 27th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC), 6-10 July 2014, Engelberg, Switzerland
N2 - To obtain higher field enhancement factors of Si-tip structures, we present an improved fabrication process utilizing reactive-ion etching (RIE) with an inductively coupled plasma (ICP). In our design, a pillar under the tips is realized by a combination of RIE with ICP. With adjusted power settings (≈ 240 W) and step times (<; 5 s), vertical slopes with a low roughness of approximately 10 nm to 20 nm are possible. The remaining silicon is oxidized thermally to sharpen the emitters. A final tip radius of R <; 20 nm is obtained for the tips of the emitters. The pillar height HP can be mainly adjusted by the duration of the ICP-etching step. A total emitter height of H ≈ 6 μm with a pillar height of HP ≈ 5 μm is achieved. Simulations with COMSOL Multiphysics® are applied to calculate the field enhancement factor β. A two-dimensional model is used in rotational symmetry. In addition to the previous model, a pillar with a varying diameter ØP and height HP is added. A conventional emitter (H = 1 μm and R = 20 nm) placed on a pillar of the height HP ≈ 5 μm approximately results in a three times higher β-factor (β≈ 105). By decreasing the diameter ØP a slight increase of the β-factor is observed. However, the aspect ratio of the emitter mainly influences on the β-factor.
KW - Anodes
KW - CATHODES
KW - FABRICATION
KW - field emission
KW - field emitter array
KW - field enhancement factor
KW - Iterative closest point algorithm
KW - Lead
KW - silicon tips
Y1 - 2014
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/IVNC.2014.6894805
SP - 193
EP - 194
PB - IEEE
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bachmann, Michael
A1 - Düsberg, Felix
A1 - Langer, Christoph
A1 - Herdl, Florian
A1 - Bergbreiter, Lukas
A1 - Dams, Florian
A1 - Miyakawa, Natuski
A1 - Eggert, Tobias
A1 - Pahlke, Andreas
A1 - Edler, Simon
A1 - Prommesberger, Christian
A1 - Ławrowski, Robert Damian
A1 - Hausladen, Matthias
A1 - Schreiner, Rupert
T1 - Vacuum-sealed field emission electron gun
JF - Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B
N2 - A compact vacuum-sealed field emission electron gun with an operation voltage below 5 kV is presented. With a 150 nm thick pyrolytic carbon membrane, a transmission of 40% at 5 kV is obtained. For more than 2500 h of continuous operation at an emission current of 100 nA, no significant increase (<50V ) and almost no degradation were found. From this measurement, a lifetime of more than 10 000 h at continuous operation with approximately a linear increase of the extraction voltage from about 545 V to about 730 V is predicted. This electron source enables application of field emitter arrays in poor vacuum or even ambient pressure.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work was supported by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy under Project No. ZF4081502GM8. C.P., R.L., M.H., and R.S. were supported by Grant No. ZF4562901GM8.
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1116/1.5139316
VL - 38
IS - 2
PB - AIP Publishing
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Edler, Simon
A1 - Bachmann, Michael
A1 - Breuer, Janis
A1 - Dams, Florian
A1 - Düsberg, Felix
A1 - Hofmann, Martin
A1 - Jakšič, Jasna
A1 - Pahlke, Andreas
A1 - Langer, Christoph
A1 - Ławrowski, Robert Damian
A1 - Prommesberger, Christian
A1 - Schreiner, Rupert
T1 - Influence of adsorbates on the performance of a field emitter array in a high voltage triode setup
JF - Journal of Applied Physics
N2 - In the present work, black-silicon field emitter arrays (FEAs) are investigated regarding the influence of residual gas pressure on the characteristics and lifetime in the high voltage triode setup. Current-voltage-characteristics at different pressure levels are recorded and show a decreasing emission current with rising pressure. This decrease can be explained by an increase of the work function and charging of the emitter surface caused by adsorbates. The emission current can be restored to its initial value by heating of the FEA up to 110 °C during active emission. With this regeneration procedure, an extended lifetime from about 20 h to 440 h at a residual gas pressure of 10−5 mbar is achieved.
Y1 - 2017
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4987134
VL - 122
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - van der Weerd, Bastiaan
A1 - Bierl, Rudolf
A1 - Matysik, Frank-Michael
T1 - A Conductivity Probe for the Determination of Carbon Dioxide Tension at the Oxygenator Exhaust Outlet during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)
T2 - Electrochemistry 2014, September 22 - 24, Mainz
Y1 - 2014
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Hausler, Peter
A1 - Roth, Carina
A1 - Vitzthumecker, Thomas
A1 - Bierl, Rudolf
ED - Ribeiro, Paulo
ED - Raposo, Maria
T1 - Miniaturized Surface Plasmon Resonance Based Sensor Systems
BT - Opportunities and Challenges
T2 - Optics, Photonics and Laser Technology 2018
N2 - Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) is a well-known and established technology in bioanalysis and pharmaceutical sciences. Due to the expensive instrumentation and the need of trained people, it is mainly limited to applications in laboratories. However, there are some areas like environmental monitoring, chemical processing and civil infrastructure, which urgently need new sensor technologies. SPR has the potential to serve these fields. In order to be qualified for a use in these areas SPR has to overcome some hurdles. The instrumentation has to be robust, small in size and cheap. A device, which fits these needs, will be a micro-opto-electro-mechanical system (MOEMS) with integrated intelligent algorithms. In this book chapter, examples of miniaturized SPR devices are introduced, the limitations which have to be overcome as well as the possibilities for future applications are proposed. Due to the manifold advantages of this technology and the dropping prices for imaging sensors, Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging (SPRi) might become one of the leading technologies for SPR smart sensor systems.
Y1 - 2019
SN - 978-3-030-30112-5
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30113-2_8
SP - 169
EP - 195
PB - Springer Nature
CY - Cham
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ławrowski, Robert Damian
A1 - Hausladen, Matthias
A1 - Buchner, Philipp
A1 - Schreiner, Rupert
T1 - Silicon Field Emission Electron Source With Individually Controllable Single Emitters
JF - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
N2 - An electron source with an array of individually controllable single tips allows the observation of each emitter current simultaneously as well as the measurement of the integral current. Furthermore, the initial activation process of the individual tips and current distribution of the source can be examined. The Si cathode consists of an array of 2 x 2 conically shaped emitter structures on a borosilicate glass substrate. The emitters were fabricated by laser micromachining and wet etching. Integral field emission (FE) measurements were performed in a diode configuration in a vacuum chamber at pressures of about 10(-9) mbar with a self-aligned Si extraction grid, due to adjustment pins. The total emission current was regulated to a predefined value (4.0, 10, 20, 40, and 50 mu A) by an external regulating circuit and recorded individually during the measurement. The onset voltage for a current of 1 nA varied between 320 and 430 V. The voltage conversion factor is in the range of 7.6 x 10(4) cm(-1) to 1.3 x 10(5) cm(-1). Constant currentmeasurementsover a longer periodof time (1800 values with a sample rate of 0.5 Hz) were performed and show a total current fluctuation less than 0.6% due to the regulation circuit. Despite the stable total current in regulated operation, it was observed that the individual emitters fluctuate up to 75% for low (similar to 10(-8) A) and 5% for high (similar to 10(-5) A) currents.
KW - Current distribution
KW - current limiters
KW - electron emission
KW - electron sources
KW - silicon-on-insulator
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/TED.2021.3093374
VL - 68
IS - 8
SP - 4116
EP - 4122
PB - IEEE
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kleshch, Victor I.
A1 - Serbun, Pavel
A1 - Lützenkirchen-Hecht, Dirk
A1 - Orekhov, Anton S.
A1 - Ivanov, Victor E.
A1 - Prommesberger, Christian
A1 - Langer, Christoph
A1 - Schreiner, Rupert
A1 - Obraztsov, Alexander N.
T1 - A Comparative Study of Field Emission from Pristine, Ion-treated and Tungsten Nanoparticle-decorated p-type Silicon Tips
JF - Physica Status Solidi B
N2 - The field electron emission characteristics of individual tips of a silicon field emitter array are analyzed. The array of conical‐shaped tips is fabricated on a p‐type silicon wafer by using reactive ion etching and sharpening oxidation. The tips are decorated with single tungsten nanoparticles at their apexes. Furthermore, the focused ion beam is also used to increase surface conductivity of some of the tips. Comparative measurements of field emission are performed by using the scanning anode probe field emission microscopy technique. All types of tips demonstrated emission activation consisting of a sudden current increase at a certain value of the applied voltage. Compared to the pristine tips, a noticeable reduction of the saturation effect in the current–voltage characteristics and a smaller light sensitivity for the decorated tips is found. For ion‐treated tips, saturation effects and light sensitivity are completely suppressed. Scanning electron microscopy observations reveal the formation of single nanoscale protrusions extending from the metal particles and from the apexes of bare ion‐treated tips after exposure under strong electric fields during the field emission measurements. The influence of protrusions growth on characteristics of silicon field emitter arrays is discussed.
Y1 - 2019
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201800646
VL - 256
IS - 9
PB - Wiley
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Langer, Christoph
A1 - Bomke, Vitali
A1 - Hausladen, Matthias
A1 - Ławrowski, Robert Damian
A1 - Prommesberger, Christian
A1 - Bachmann, Michael
A1 - Schreiner, Rupert
T1 - Silicon Chip Field Emission Electron Source Fabricated by Laser Micromachining
JF - Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B
N2 - The components for a silicon chip electron source were fabricated by laser micromachining using pulsed laser ablation and wet chemical cleaning and etching dips. The field emission electron source consists of a silicon field emission cathode with 4 × 4 conical shaped emitters with a height of 250 μm and a tip radius of about 50 nm, a 50 μm thick laser-structured mica spacer, and a silicon grid electrode with a grid periodicity of 200 μm and a bar width of 50 μm. These three components are combined to a single chip with the size of 14 × 10 mm2 and the thickness of 1 mm to form the electron source. Several of these devices were characterized in ultrahigh vacuum. Onset voltages of about 165 V and cathode currents of about 15 μA for voltages lower than 350 V were observed. Operating the electron source with an anode voltage of 500 V and an extraction grid voltage of 300 V yielded a cathode current of 4.5 μA ± 8.9%, an anode current of 4.0 μA ± 9.6%, and a corresponding grid transmittance of 89%. Regulating the anode current by the extraction grid voltage, an extremely stable anode current of 5.0 μA ± 0.017% was observed. A long-term measurement over 120 h was performed, and no significant degradation or failure was observed.
KW - Ultra-high vacuum
KW - Field emitter arrays
KW - Etching
KW - Electrical properties and parameters
KW - Electron sources
KW - Laser ablation
KW - Laser micromachining
KW - Silicon chip
KW - Triodes
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1116/1.5134872
VL - 38
IS - 1
PB - AIP Publishing
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Breuer, Janis
A1 - Bachmann, Michael
A1 - Düsberg, Felix
A1 - Pahlke, Andreas
A1 - Edler, Simon
A1 - Langer, Christoph
A1 - Prommesberger, Christian
A1 - Ławrowski, Robert Damian
A1 - Schreiner, Rupert
A1 - Serbun, Pavel
A1 - Lützenkirchen-Hecht, Dirk
T1 - Extraction of the current distribution out of saturated integral measurement data of p-type silicon field emitter arrays
JF - Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B
N2 - At the moment, only complicated techniques are known for the determination of array properties of field emitter arrays such as the number of active tips, the current distribution, or the individual tip radii. In this work, a method for extracting these parameters from integral measurement data is presented. A model describing the characteristics of a single emitter, including the saturation as a function of the applied voltage and the emitter radius, is developed. It is shown that experimental data of field emitter arrays can be represented as the sum of these functions and the characteristic parameters can be fitted to field emission data of an array. Using this method, the values of the radii as well as the parameters of distribution models can be determined directly. Analysis of experimental data from p-type Si emitter arrays shows that only 1–2% of the tips contribute significantly.
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1116/1.5035189
VL - 36
IS - 5
PB - AIP Publishing
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bachmann, Michael
A1 - Dams, Florian
A1 - Düsberg, Felix
A1 - Hofmann, Martin
A1 - Pahlke, Andreas
A1 - Langer, Christoph
A1 - Ławrowski, Robert Damian
A1 - Prommesberger, Christian
A1 - Schreiner, Rupert
A1 - Serbun, Pavel
A1 - Lützenkirchen-Hecht, Dirk
A1 - Müller, Günter
T1 - Extraction of the characteristics of current-limiting elements from field emission measurement data
JF - Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B
N2 - In this contribution, the authors will present an algorithm to extract the characteristics of nonideal field emission circuit elements from saturation-limited field emission measurement data. The method for calculating the voltage drop on current-limiting circuit elements is based on circuit theory as well as Newton's method. Since the only assumption the authors make on the current-limiting circuit is a connection in series, this method is applicable to most field emission data showing saturation. To be able to determine the significance of any parameter output, the uncertainties of data and extracted parameters as well as the parameter correlations are fully taken into account throughout the algorithm. N-type silicon samples with varying external serial resistors are analyzed. All results show a good agreement to the nominal resistor values. Additionally, several p-type samples are analyzed, showing a diodelike behavior. The extracted current-limiting characteristics of the p-type samples are in good agreement with a pn-junction model. The stability of the emission current of the p-type samples is measured by constant voltage measurements and compared to the extracted current-limiting characteristics. The application of the algorithm to measurement data shows that the given algorithm is a valuable tool to analyze field emission measurement data influenced by nonemissive processes.
Y1 - 2017
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4971768
VL - 35
IS - 2
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Prommesberger, Christian
A1 - Bachmann, Michael
A1 - Düsberg, Felix
A1 - Langer, Christoph
A1 - Ławrowski, Robert Damian
A1 - Hofmann, Martin
A1 - Pahlke, Andreas
A1 - Schreiner, Rupert
T1 - Regulation of the Transmitted Electron Flux in a Field-Emission Electron Source Demonstrated on Si Nanowhisker Cathodes
JF - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
N2 - We report on a method to stabilize the transmitted electron flux in a field-emission electron source using an external regulation circuit. The electron source was realized with an array of silicon (Si) nanowhiskers on the top of elongated pillar structures, a mica spacer, and an extraction grid made of Si. As for most applications, the emitted electron current from the cathode is not as crucial as the transmitted electron flux through the extraction grid toward the anode. We investigated a method which allows the regulation directly by the emitted electron flux and not merely on the cathode current. By using this method, we were able to stabilize the emitted electron flux of our electron source down to values below 1%. Simultaneously, it was shown that there is the possibility to stabilize the influencing value in the real application as well. The effectiveness of this method was demonstrated successfully with an X-ray source setup. The measured X-ray photon count rate was stabilized to a standard deviation of 0.30% at a pressure of 1 × 10 -7 mbar. Even in harsh environment of 2 × 10 -5 mbar, a stabilization of the X-ray photon count rate down to a value of 0.63% was achieved.
KW - Cathodes
KW - Nanostructured devices
KW - Current measurement
KW - Photonics
KW - Electron sources
KW - Emissions
KW - Voltage measurement
Y1 - 2017
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/TED.2017.2763239
SN - 5128-5133
VL - 64
IS - 12
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mingels, S.
A1 - Porshyn, V.
A1 - Prommesberger, Christian
A1 - Langer, Christoph
A1 - Schreiner, Rupert
A1 - Lützenkirchen-Hecht, Dirk
A1 - Müller, Günter
T1 - Photosensitivity of p-type black Si field emitter arrays
JF - Journal of Applied Physics
N2 - We have investigated the properties of black Si field emitter arrays under strong electric fields and laser illumination. A low onset field of 1.8 MV/m for an emission current of 1 nA was obtained. A pronounced saturation region of the dark and photo-enhanced current was observed, which provided a short-term stability of 0.1% at 0.4 μA and 0.7% at 1.0 μA, respectively. As maximum value for the photosensitivity, an on-off current switching ratio of 43 reaching about 13 μA was achieved at a laser power of 15 mW. Electron spectra in the dark and under laser illumination are presented, showing a current and light-sensitive voltage drop across the emitters as well as hints for hot electron emission.
Y1 - 2016
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4948328
VL - 119
IS - 16
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Düsberg, Felix
A1 - Bachmann, Michael
A1 - Edler, Simon
A1 - Pahlke, Andreas
A1 - Langer, Christoph
A1 - Prommesberger, Christian
A1 - Schreiner, Rupert
A1 - Bunert, Erik
A1 - Wendt, Cornelius
A1 - Zimmermann, Stefan
T1 - Novel Non-Radiative Electron Source
T2 - 43rd International Symposium of Capillary Chromatography & 16h GC x GC Symposium 2019
N2 - Recently a non-radioactive electron capture detector based on a thermionic electron emitter has been demonstrated [1]. Using field emitter arrays (FEAs) would yield non-radioactive portable low power devices with fast switching capability. By combining FEAs with a vacuum-sealed housing and an electron transparent membrane window, such electron sources can be operated in an ambient pressure environment.
Y1 - 2019
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Hausler, Peter
A1 - Holler, Sven
A1 - Hirsch, Thomas
A1 - Bierl, Rudolf
T1 - High integrated miniaturized sensor based on Surface Plasmon Resonance
T2 - International Biosensor Conference, 11th Workshop on Biosensors & Bioanalytical Microtechniques in Environmental, Food & Clinical Analysis, BBMEC 11, 26.-30. September 2015, Regensburg, Germany
Y1 - 2015
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - van der Weerd, Bastiaan
A1 - Bierl, Rudolf
A1 - Matysik, Frank-Michael
T1 - A Planar Conductivity Probe for CO2 Determination at the Oxygenator Outlet
T2 - Doktorandenseminar GDCh Prozessanalytik 2014, Berlin
Y1 - 2014
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bachmann, Michael
A1 - Düsberg, Felix
A1 - Pahlke, Andreas
A1 - Edler, Simon
A1 - Schels, Andreas
A1 - Herdl, Florian
A1 - Ławrowski, Robert Damian
A1 - Schreiner, Rupert
T1 - High current silicon nanowire field emitter arrays
JF - Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B
N2 - Arrays of n-doped silicon nanowire field emitters with a high aspect ratio are realized by a novel dry etching technique. Compared to the high current silicon emitters in the literature, the manufacturing process is much simpler and requires only a single photolithography step and two dry etching steps. The cathodes realized with this method exhibit a total current of 20 mA from an active area of 4×4 mm2, which is significantly higher than that for most known structures made from silicon and also represents good performance in comparison with other emitter types, e.g., carbon nanotubes. In addition to characterization in ultrahigh vacuum, measurements at 10−5 mbar are performed and compared with our recent silicon emitters. Compared to these cathodes, the structures with the nanowires exhibit at least two orders of magnitude higher current-carrying capability.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0001639
VL - 40
IS - 1
PB - AIP Publishing
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ruhl, Guenther
A1 - Wittmann, Sebastian
A1 - Koenig, Matthias
A1 - Neumaier, Daniel
T1 - The integration of graphene into microelectronic devices
JF - Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology
N2 - Since 2004 the field of graphene research has attracted increasing interest worldwide. Especially the integration of graphene into microelectronic devices has the potential for numerous applications. Therefore, we summarize the current knowledge on this aspect. Surveys show that considerable progress was made in the field of graphene synthesis. However, the central issue consists of the availability of techniques suitable for production for the deposition of graphene on dielectric substrates. Besides, the encapsulation of graphene for further processing while maintaining its properties poses a challenge. Regarding the graphene/metal contact intensive research was done and recently substantial advancements were made towards contact resistances applicable for electronic devices. Generally speaking the crucial issues for graphene integration are identified today and the corresponding research tasks can be clearly defined.
KW - BORON-NITRIDE
KW - CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION
KW - CONTACT-RESISTANCE
KW - contacts
KW - COPPER FOILS
KW - deposition
KW - ELECTRODES
KW - encapsulation
KW - FILMS
KW - graphene
KW - GROWTH
KW - LOW-TEMPERATURE
KW - process integration
KW - RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY
KW - SUBSTRATE
Y1 - 2017
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.107
VL - 8
SP - 1056
EP - 1064
PB - Beilstein-Institut
ER -