TY - JOUR A1 - Scharfenberg, Georg A1 - Mottok, Jürgen A1 - Artmann, Christina A1 - Hobelsberger, Martin A1 - Paric, Ivan A1 - Großmann, Benjamin A1 - Pohlt, Clemens A1 - Wackerbarth, Alena A1 - Pausch, Uli A1 - Heidrich, Christiane A1 - Fadanelli, Martin A1 - Elsner, Michael A1 - Pöcher, Daniel A1 - Pittroff, Lenz A1 - Beer, Stefan A1 - Brückl, Oliver A1 - Haslbeck, Matthias A1 - Sterner, Michael A1 - Thema, Martin A1 - Muggenthaler, Nicole A1 - Lenck, Thorsten A1 - Götz, Philipp A1 - Eckert, Fabian A1 - Deubzer, Michael A1 - Stingl, Armin A1 - Simsek, Erol A1 - Krämer, Stefan A1 - Großmann, Benjamin A1 - Schlegl, Thomas A1 - Niedersteiner, Sascha A1 - Berlehner, Thomas A1 - Joblin, Mitchell A1 - Mauerer, Wolfgang A1 - Apel, Sven A1 - Siegmund, Janet A1 - Riehle, Dirk A1 - Weber, Joachim A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Zobel, Martin A1 - Al-Falouji, Ghassan A1 - Prestel, Dietmar A1 - Scharfenberg, Georg A1 - Mandl, Roland A1 - Deinzer, Arnulf A1 - Halang, W. A1 - Margraf-Stiksrud, Jutta A1 - Sick, Bernhard A1 - Deinzer, Renate A1 - Scherzinger, Stefanie A1 - Klettke, Meike A1 - Störl, Uta A1 - Wiech, Katharina A1 - Kubata, Christoph A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Dollinger, Markus A1 - Dembianny, Sven A1 - Kölbl, Andreas A1 - Welker, Franz A1 - Meier, Matthias A1 - Thumann, Philipp A1 - Swidergal, Krzysztof A1 - Wagner, Marcus A1 - Haug, Sonja A1 - Vernim, Matthias A1 - Seidenstücker, Barbara A1 - Weber, Karsten A1 - Arsan, Christian A1 - Schone, Reinhold A1 - Münder, Johannes A1 - Schroll-Decker, Irmgard A1 - Dillinger, Andrea Elisabeth A1 - Fuchshofer, Rudolf A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail A1 - Geith, Markus A. A1 - Koch, Fabian A1 - Ühlin, Christian A1 - Schratzenstaller, Thomas A1 - Saßmannshausen, Sean Patrick A1 - Auchter, Eberhard A1 - Kriz, Willy A1 - Springer, Othmar A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Obermeier, Andreas A1 - Udalzow, Anton A1 - Schmailzl, Anton A1 - Hierl, Stefan A1 - Langer, Christoph A1 - Schreiner, Rupert ED - Baier, Wolfgang T1 - Forschungsbericht 2015 T3 - Forschungsberichte der OTH Regensburg - 2015 Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-13867 SN - 978-3-00-048589-3 CY - Regensburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mauerer, Wolfgang A1 - Rexhepaj, Tanja A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Diermeier, Andreas A1 - Neidhart, Thomas A1 - Wolfrum, Dominik A1 - Sterner, Michael A1 - Heberl, Michael A1 - Nusko, Robert A1 - Maier, Georg A1 - Nagl, Klaus A1 - Reuter, Monika A1 - Hofrichter, Andreas A1 - Lex, Thomas A1 - Lesch, Florian A1 - Kieninger, Bärbel A1 - Szalo, Alexander Eduard A1 - Zehner, Alexander A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Joblin, Mitchell A1 - Apel, Sven A1 - Ramsauer, Ralf A1 - Lohmann, Daniel A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Strasser, Artur A1 - Munndi, Maximilian A1 - Ebner, Lena A1 - Elsner, Michael A1 - Weiß, Nils A1 - Segerer, Matthias A1 - Hackenberg, Rudolf A1 - Steger, Sebastian A1 - Schmailzl, Anton A1 - Dostalek, Michael A1 - Armbruster, Dominik A1 - Koch, Fabian A1 - Hierl, Stefan A1 - Thumann, Philipp A1 - Swidergal, Krzysztof A1 - Wagner, Marcus A1 - Briem, Ulrich A1 - Diermeier, Andreas A1 - Spreitzer, Stefan A1 - Beiderbeck, Sabrina A1 - Hook, Christian A1 - Zobel, Martin A1 - Weber, Tim A1 - Groß, Simon A1 - Penzkofer, Rainer A1 - Dendorfer, Sebastian A1 - Schillitz, Ingo A1 - Bauer, Thomas A1 - Rudolph, Clarissa A1 - Schmidt, Katja A1 - Liebetruth, Thomas A1 - Hamer, Markus A1 - Haug, Sonja A1 - Vernim, Matthias A1 - Weber, Karsten A1 - Saßmannshausen, Sean Patrick A1 - Books, Sebastian A1 - Neuleitner, Nikolaus A1 - Rechenauer, Christian A1 - Steffens, Oliver A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Gömmel, Roland A1 - Wellnitz, Felix A1 - Stierstorfer, Johannes A1 - Stadler, Dominik A1 - Hofmann, Matthias J. A1 - Motschmann, Hubert A1 - Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail A1 - Bleicher, Veronika A1 - Fischer, Sebastian A1 - Hackenberg, Rudolf A1 - Horn, Anton A1 - Kawasch, Raphael A1 - Petzenhauser, Michael A1 - Probst, Tobias A1 - Udalzow, Anton A1 - Dams, Florian A1 - Schreiner, Rupert A1 - Langer, Christoph A1 - Prommesberger, Christian A1 - Ławrowski, Robert Damian ED - Baier, Wolfgang T1 - Forschungsbericht 2016 T3 - Forschungsberichte der OTH Regensburg - 2016 Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-13840 CY - Regensburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, Karsten A1 - Dendorfer, Sebastian A1 - Süß, Franz A1 - Kubowitsch, Simone A1 - Schratzenstaller, Thomas A1 - Haug, Sonja A1 - Mohr, Christa A1 - Kiesl, Hans A1 - Drechsler, Jörg A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Kobus, Jörn A1 - Schubert, Martin J. W. A1 - Zenger, Stefan A1 - Pietsch, Alexander A1 - Weiß, Josef A1 - Hinterseer, Sebastian A1 - Schieck, Roland A1 - Scherzinger, Stefanie A1 - Klettke, Meike A1 - Ringlstetter, Andreas A1 - Störl, Uta A1 - Bissyandé, Tegawendé F. A1 - Seeburger, Achim A1 - Schindler, Timo A1 - Ramsauer, Ralf A1 - Kiszka, Jan A1 - Kölbl, Andreas A1 - Lohmann, Daniel A1 - Mauerer, Wolfgang A1 - Maier, Johannes A1 - Scorna, Ulrike A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Soska, Alexander A1 - Mottok, Jürgen A1 - Ellermeier, Andreas A1 - Vögele, Daniel A1 - Hierl, Stefan A1 - Briem, Ulrich A1 - Buschmann, Knut A1 - Ehrlich, Ingo A1 - Pongratz, Christian A1 - Pielmeier, Benjamin A1 - Tyroller, Quirin A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Gut, Franz A1 - Roth, Carina A1 - Hausler, Peter A1 - Bierl, Rudolf A1 - Prommesberger, Christian A1 - Ławrowski, Robert Damian A1 - Langer, Christoph A1 - Schreiner, Rupert A1 - Huang, Yifeng A1 - She, Juncong A1 - Ottl, Andreas A1 - Rieger, Walter A1 - Kraml, Agnes A1 - Poxleitner, Thomas A1 - Hofer, Simon A1 - Heisterkamp, Benjamin A1 - Lerch, Maximilian A1 - Sammer, Nike A1 - Golde, Olivia A1 - Wellnitz, Felix A1 - Schmid, Sandra A1 - Muntschick, Claudia A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Paric, Ivan A1 - Brückl, Oliver A1 - Haslbeck, Matthias A1 - Schmidt, Ottfried A1 - Schwanzer, Peter A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Sterner, Michael A1 - Bauer, Franz A1 - Steinmann, Sven A1 - Eckert, Fabian A1 - Hofrichter, Andreas ED - Baier, Wolfgang T1 - Forschungsbericht 2017 T3 - Forschungsberichte der OTH Regensburg - 2017 KW - Forschung KW - Forschungsbericht Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-13835 SN - 978-3-9818209-3-5 CY - Regensburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Llano-Torre, Aitor A1 - Cavalaro, Sergio H. P. A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Moro, Sandro A1 - Zerbino, Raúl L. A1 - Gettu, Ravindra A1 - Pauwels, Hans A1 - Nishiwaki, Tomoya A1 - Parmentier, Benoît A1 - Buratti, Nicola A1 - Toledo Filho, Romildo D. A1 - Charron, Jean-Philippe A1 - Larive, Catherine A1 - Boshoff, William P. A1 - Bernard, E. Stefan A1 - Kompatscher, Michael T1 - Equipment and Procedure Description T2 - Round-Robin Test on Creep Behaviour in Cracked Sections of FRC: Experimental Program, Results and Database Analysis : State-of-the-Art Report of the RILEM TC 261-CCF N2 - This chapter collects the description of the main creep testing procedures in fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) as well as the equipment used by each participant laboratory in the round-robin test (RRT). The description of each procedure was directly provided by the participants and follows the same structure for each participant where institution identification and contact information was included. Each participant summarised the most significant data such as specimen’s size, load configuration, parameters or environmental conditions in a quite useful table. Moreover, the participants included description and close-up pictures of the creep frames construction, the support boundary conditions, and the measurement devices used. Finally, the participants provided a complete description of the specific complete creep test procedure followed. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-72736-9 SN - 978-3-030-72735-2 SN - 978-3-030-72738-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72736-9_5 SN - 2213-2031 SN - 2213-204X SP - 47 EP - 117 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - Spritzbetonforschung für dauerhaftere und nachhaltigere Tunnels T2 - 4. Grazer Betonkolloquium (Beton Graz '18), 20.-21.09.2018 Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Galan, Isabel A1 - Baldermann, Andre A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Dietzel, Martin A1 - Mittermayr, Florian T1 - Durability of shotcrete for underground support BT - Review and update JF - Construction and building materials N2 - Shotcrete is often used for the construction and stabilization of tunnels and other underground structures, where it is susceptible to different forms of physical and chemical attacks affecting its durability. An advanced understanding of the factors that limit the durability of shotcrete is crucial to develop tailored strategies for enhancing its service life. The main focus of this contribution is to shed light on the durability of shotcrete by revising the literature, highlighting what is missing and needs to be addressed, assessing how the knowledge about concrete durability can be transferred to shotcrete, and providing recommendations for durable shotcrete structures. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - CEMENT-BASED MATERIALS KW - CHEMOMECHANICAL COUPLING BEHAVIOR KW - Corrosion KW - Durability KW - FREEZE-THAW RESISTANCE KW - INDUCED CONCRETE CORROSION KW - Leaching KW - LEACHING BEHAVIOR KW - POLYPROPYLENE FIBERS KW - PORTLAND-CEMENT KW - POTENTIAL ALKALI-REACTIVITY KW - Shotcrete KW - Sintering KW - Sprayed concrete KW - Sulfate attack KW - THAUMASITE SULFATE ATTACK KW - Tunnel KW - Underground Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.12.151 VL - 202 IS - March SP - 465 EP - 493 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Testor, Markus A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - Ermittlung der Spritzbetondruckfestigkeiten - Modifiziertes Setzbolzenverfahren und Abhängigkeit der Druckfestigkeit von der Probekörpergeometrie. JF - Zement + Beton Y1 - 1998 SN - 0514-2946 VL - 98 IS - 3 SP - 20 EP - 23 PB - Zement und Beton Handels- und Werbeges. CY - Wien ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Parić, I. A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang ED - Azenha, Miguel ED - Schlicke, Dirk ED - Benboudjema, Farid ED - Jędrzejewska, Agnieszka T1 - Investigation, assessment and realtime readjustment of the rheological properties of SCC T2 - SynerCrete'18 : Interdisciplinary Approaches for Cement-based Materials and Structural Concrete : Synergizing Expertise and Bridging Scales of Space and Time 24.-26. Oktober 2018, Funchal, Madeira Island, Portugal N2 - This paper discusses a new fresh concrete control system with the following structure: a rheometer measures the fresh concrete directly after the mixing process, during a short break. The viscosity and the dynamic yield point are determined by a ball rheometer. The rheological parameters viscosity and dynamic yield point describe the consistency and thus the pouring ability and consequently the quality of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC). Data collected from the measurement are the basis for an expert system which will help to readjust mixes with deviating rheology. Firstly, investigations were carried out during the development of different SCC mixtures in the COST TU 1404 Action. Secondly, investigations were done in two precast plants. A ball rheometer was installed in the respective mixers. The SCC for premium precast products was tested then during ongoing production. In addition, several test series were carried out in the laboratory of the OTH with the respective constitutive materials. During the test series, the mix designs of the well working SCC’s were modified by using a deviating water content. Subsequently, using the rheological data, water, superplasticizer or stabilizing agents were added to the mix, trying to reach proper workability again. The graphs for the changing rheological properties as a function of the respective amount of start water content and additional water dosage or admixture dosage were generated and analyzed for the mixes of the two precast plants. With this information and experience, an expert system for the mix readjustment is currently under development. Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-2-35158-202-2 SP - 255 EP - 260 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steindl, Florian Roman A1 - Sakoparnig, Marlene A1 - Briendl, Lukas G. A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Galan, Isabel A1 - Juhart, Joachim A1 - Röck, Rudolf A1 - Saxer, Andreas A1 - Mittermayr, Florian A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - ASSpC – Vier Jahre Forschung für dauerhaften Spritzbeton JF - Bautechnik Y1 - 2020 PB - Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Christlmeier, Peter A1 - Hartmeier, Michael A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - Reduzierung von versinterungsbedingten Reinigungsarbeiten in Tunneldränagen durch Optimierung der Spritzbetonrezeptur JF - Beton N2 - Die Drainageleitungen in nicht druckwasserhaltenden Tunnelbauwerken haben die Aufgabe, anfallendes Bergwasser zu sammeln und aus dem Bauwerk zu führen. In den Leitungen treten häufig Kalkablagerungen, so genannte Versinterungen auf, die zu einem Teil- oder Vollverschluss der Rohre führen können und die Ableitung des Bergwassers be- bzw. verhindern. Zur Vermeidung von Schäden am Tunnelbauwerk sind regelmäßige und aufwendige Unterhaltsarbeiten notwendig. Ein wichtiger Einflussfaktor bei der Entstehung von Versinterungen ist der Kontakt des Bergwassers mit zementgebundenen Baustoffen, wie z. B. mit Spritzbeton. Aus dem Spritzbeton kann Calciumhydroxid ausgelaugt werden, das für den Korrosionsschutz der Bewehrung erforderlich ist, aber die Entstehung von Versinterungen begünstigen kann. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts wurden zahlreiche Mischungszusammensetzungen auf ihr Auslaugverhalten untersucht und Spritzbetonzusammensetzungen mit einem möglichst geringen Versinterungspotenzial entwickelt. KW - Auslaugung KW - Spritzbeton KW - Tunnelbau Y1 - 2019 VL - 68 IS - 11 SP - 416 EP - 421 PB - VERLAG BAU + TECHNIK ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ding, Yining A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - Bemessungsmodell für Stahlfaserbeton JF - Beton- und Stahlbetonbau N2 - Die Bemessungsrichtlinien für Stahlfaserbeton folgen je nach Land unterschiedlichen Ansätzen. Generell kann festgehalten werden, daß das Niveau dieser Bemessungsrichtlinien i. d. R. nicht mit den entsprechenden Normen für Stahlbeton vergleichbar ist. Die Richtlinien erreichen oft nur den Stand von Empfehlungen. Da die Bemessungstheorie des Stahlfaserbetons weit hinter der praktischen Anwendung zurückliegt, bedeutet dies in der Praxis, daß der Stahlfaserbeton oft nur für Bauteile, deren Tragfähigkeit als untergeordnet betrachtet wird, zum Einsatz kommt. Eine gute Bemessungsgrundlage für Faserbetone findet sich im DBV-Merkblatt "Bemessungsgrundlagen für Stahlfaserbeton im Tunnelbau". Für die praktische Anwendung ist sie jedoch etwas zu kompliziert. Der Beitrag stellt ein neues Bemessungsmodell vor, das auf den Ergebnissen zahlreicher Biegezugversuche beruht, die für den verwendeten Stahlfasertyp statistisch ausgewertet wurden. KW - Stahlfaserbeton KW - Bemessung KW - Rißbildung KW - Biegezugfestigkeit Y1 - 2000 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/best.200000390 SN - 1437-1006 VL - 95 IS - 4 SP - 225 EP - 231 PB - Ernst & Sohn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Keller, Helena A1 - Greim, Markus A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - 27th Conference and Workshop on Rheology of Building Materials, Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule (OTH) Regensburg, Germany, March 7 – 8, 2018 BT - Conference report JF - Applied Rheology Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/arh-2018-0005 VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 56 EP - 58 PB - De Gruyter ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Greim, Markus A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - 23rd Conference and Workshop Rheology of Building Materials. Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg, Germany March 12–13, 2014 JF - Applied Rheology Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3933/ApplRheol-24-3-61 VL - 24 IS - 3 SP - 61 EP - 62 PB - Kerschensteiner ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Thumann, Maria ED - Beck, Thomas ED - Myren, Synnøve A. ED - Engen, Siri T1 - Pumpability of wet mixsprayed concrete with reduced clinker content T2 - 8th International Symposium on Sprayed Concrete : Modern Use of Wet Mix Sprayed Concrete for Underground Support, 11.- 14.06.2018, Trondheim, Norwegen N2 - The research project „Advanced and Sustainable Shotcrete - ASSpC“ aims at the improvement of sprayed concrete mix design regarding durability and sustainability. One possible improvement is to replace part of the clinker content in the binder with different supplementary cementitious materials. It is crucial that new mix designs fulfil the basic technical requirements on site concerning workability and early age development, too. One central issue of the project is to investigate which parameters influence the pumpability of sprayed concrete. Several test methods are used to determine the stability, tendency to segregation, bleeding and of course the consistency of concrete. An essential test method is a concrete sliding pipe rheometer (Sliper). This rheometer determines the pumping characteristics of concrete in the laboratory and on construction site. In comparison to other rheometers, the Sliper evaluates the rheological characteristics of the thin layer of paste which is lubricating the wall of the convey ing pipe. The paper presents the tests procedures in detail as well as first results from lab-tests and from site-tests with different advanced shotcrete mix-designs . Y1 - 2018 UR - https://betong.net/wp-content/uploads/8th-Sprayed-Concrete_Web-Proceedings.pdf SN - 978-82-8208-060-6 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Petscharnig, Florian A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - Die neue öbv-Richtlinie - Schutzschichten für den erhöhten Brandschutz für unterirdische Verkehrsbauwerke T2 - Spritzbeton-Tagung, 11.-12.01.2018 Alpbach, Tirol T2 - THE NEW AUSTRAIN GUIDELINE ON FIRE-PROTECTIVE LAYERS FOR INCREASED PROTECTION OF SUBSURFACE TRAFFIC CONSTRUCTIONS Y1 - 2018 UR - http://www.spritzbeton-tagung.com/downloads/vortraege/2018/25_Petscharnig_Kusterle_oebv-Richtlinie_Brandschutzschichten.pdf SP - 1 EP - 13 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Paric, Ivan A1 - Greim, Markus A1 - Erhardt, Markus A1 - Weißmann, Horst A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang ED - Kusterle, Wolfgang ED - Teubert, Oliver ED - Greim, Markus T1 - Untersuchung, Beurteilung und zeitnahe Aussteuerung der rheologischen Frischbetoneigenschaften von SVB T2 - Rheologische Messungen an Baustoffen 2018. Tagungsband zum 27. Workshop und Kolloquium, 7. und 8. März an der OTH Regensburg KW - Beton KW - Rheologische Eigenschaft Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-7469-1878-5 IS - 1. Auflage SP - 154 EP - 168 PB - tredition CY - Hamburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang ED - Mähner, Dietmar ED - Beisler, Matthias ED - Heimbecher, Frank T1 - Durable and Sustainable Shotcrete – Requirements Concerning Workability and Early Strength Development T2 - Shotcrete for Underground Support XIII : New Developments in Rock Engineering, Tunneling, Underground Space and Deep Excavation [Conference Sept. 3-6, 2017] N2 - Nowadays there is a special need to develop “new” construction materials to reduce the environmental footprint of structures. Investigations focus on durability of constructions and the use of sustainable materials and the reduction of CO2 emission (especially of the binder). Constructions have to be sustainable and durable. This will lead to low maintenance work and costs as well as a good life cycle performance. The aim of the Austrian research project „Advanced and Sustainable Shotcrete - ASSpC“ is to improve shotcrete mix design regarding durability and sustainability. There are different ways which may lead to success, one possibility is to replace part of the clinker content in the binder with supplementary cementitious materials. But it is crucial that new mix designs fulfil the technical requirements on site concerning workability and early age strength development, too. One central issue of the research project is to investigate how the pumpability of shotcrete can be determined in lab. At the moment there is no proven method available to measure the pumpability of shotcrete. Several test methods are used to determine the stability, tendency to segregation, bleeding and of course the consistency of concrete. Common test methods like the spread flow table and V-funnel flow time are used as well as two point test methods like the concrete rheometer eBT2 and Sliper. The segregation tendency is evaluated by the filter pressing test and the bucket setting test. Results from lab will be compared to results from site to define threshold values and parameters which describe the pumping characteristics of shotcrete base mix. In addition to that the early age strength development of the shotcrete mix design is investigated with the Minishot System designed by Sika. The shotcrete system is downscaled to a mini spray unit. In opposite to common test methods it is not necessary to mix the accelerator into the cement paste or mortar, but it will be added at the nozzle. The paste is sprayed by a downscaled nozzle and thus a realistic shear stress can be achieved. The paste is applied to a pulsment ultrasound spectrometer and the shear modulus development is measured continuously over time. The results can be linked to the strength development of shotcrete. The paper presents the tests procedures mentioned above in detail as well as first results with different shotcrete mix-designs. Y1 - 2017 UR - https://dc.engconfintl.org/shotcrete_xiii/7/ ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Paric, Ivan A1 - Fleischmann, Florian A1 - Greim, Markus A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - The Determination of Rheological Properties of "High Slump Concrete" and SCC - the Advantages of a Modified Online Ball Measuring System T2 - Rheologische Messungen an Baustoffen 2016, Tagungsband zum 25. Workshop und Kolloquium, 2. und 3. März an der OTH Regensburg N2 - In this paper a new rheometer for Self-Compacting-Concrete (SCC) and High-Slump-Concrete is presented. It is installed in a concrete mixer and provides results of the rheological properties immediately at the end of the mixing process. The intention was to find a way to evaluate the rheological properties automatically in the last step of the mixing process. Therefore, the rheometer immerses in the concrete and starts the measurement. At this time a correction of the mixture is still possible, before it is filled into the truck. In a first step, a laboratory rheometer was built and the measurement procedure was developed. In a second step, the laboratory rheometer was installed in a 75 1 concrete mixer and data were collected and evaluated. The accuracy is proven by comparing test results with a slightly different mix design. KW - Betonmischer KW - Messgerät KW - Messmaschine KW - Messsystem KW - Messverfahren KW - rheologische Eigenschaft KW - Rheometer KW - selbstverdichtender Beton KW - Vergleichsanalyse KW - Vergleichsprüfung Y1 - 2016 UR - http://www.schleibinger.com/cmsimple/en/?Rheology_Of_Building_Materials:25th_Conference SN - 978-3-7345-1313-8 SP - 247 EP - 264 PB - tredition CY - Hamburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Llano-Torre, Aitor A1 - Serna, Pedro A1 - Cavalaro, Sergio H. P. A1 - Buratti, Nicola A1 - Stefan Bernard, E. A1 - Boshoff, William P. A1 - Zerbino, Raúl L. A1 - Pauwels, Hans A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Garcia-Taengua, Emilio A1 - Vrijdaghs, Rutger A1 - del Prete, Clementina A1 - dos Santos, Karyne F. A1 - Parmentier, Benoît A1 - Mazzotti, Claudio ED - Llano-Torre, Aitor ED - Serna, Pedro T1 - Introduction and Background T2 - Round-Robin Test on Creep Behaviour in Cracked Sections of FRC: Experimental Program, Results and Database Analysis N2 - The absence of a standardised methodology to evaluate creep in the cracked state of fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) hindered general comparisons and conclusions that could lead to significant advances in this topic. A coordinated effort was required to improve the knowledge on long-term behaviour of cracked FRC sections and assess the different testing methodologies available. The RILEM Technical Committee 261-CCF launched in 2015 the round-robin test (RRT) on creep behaviour in cracked sections of FRC program. This chapter includes the introduction and background to understand the realisation of this RRT. The main objectives as well as the limitations of the scope of the RRT are explained. The structure of the book is presented to provide a first overview of the book content. Finally, information about institutions involved as well as geographic distribution of RRT participants and number of specimens tested in the RRT is provided. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-72735-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72736-9_1 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Llano-Torre, Aitor A1 - Serna, Pedro A1 - Cavalaro, Sergio H. P. A1 - Buratti, Nicola A1 - Bernard, E. Stefan A1 - Boshoff, William P. A1 - Zerbino, Raúl L. A1 - Pauwels, Hans A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Garcia-Taengua, Emilio A1 - Vrijdaghs, Rutger A1 - del Prete, Clementina A1 - dos Santos, Karyne F. A1 - Parmentier, Benoît A1 - Mazzotti, Claudio ED - Llano-Torre, Aitor ED - Serna, Pedro T1 - Statements and Conclusions T2 - Round-Robin Test on Creep Behaviour in Cracked Sections of FRC: Experimental Program, Results and Database Analysis N2 - A round-robin test (RRT) on creep behaviour in cracked section of fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) was realised with the participation of 19 international laboratories from 22 institutions. The same concrete matrix was used to design two different FRC mixes with steel (SFRC) and macro-synthetic (SyFRC) fibres and to produce 451 FRC specimens. The use of 124 specimens for creep tests for one year following four main methodologies provided a huge database with more than 15,000 data. The main statements and conclusions derived from the RRT database analysis are summarised in this section. Note that the conclusions derived from this RRT are limited to the ranges of parameters, procedures and variables considered here and should not be extrapolated to other cases. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-72735-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72736-9_9 SP - 209 EP - 220 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Llano-Torre, Aitor A1 - Serna, Pedro A1 - Garcia-Taengua, Emilio A1 - Vrijdaghs, Rutger A1 - Pauwels, Hans A1 - del Prete, Clementina A1 - Buratti, Nicola A1 - Zerbino, Raúl L. A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Stefan Bernard, E. ED - Llano-Torre, Aitor ED - Serna, Pedro T1 - Analysis of the RRT Results T2 - Round-Robin Test on Creep Behaviour in Cracked Sections of FRC: Experimental Program, Results and Database Analysis N2 - The analysis of the results of the round-robin test (RRT) comprised many steps. The variation of the main variables such as the number of samples tested, environmental conditions, pre-crack level or creep index and mechanical performance were analysed among all the RRT participants. In addition, the main methodologies were independently analysed to search significances between the participant procedures. Analysis of the described procedures, test setups and equipment provided relevant information about such existent differences between participants in terms such as load configuration, boundary conditions or frames construction. The creep coefficient and crack opening rate (COR) parameters were defined and analysed. The complementary data number of fibres in the cross section was analysed to assess the influence in the long-term residual performance. Finally, the correlation between different fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) specimens as well as the influence of ageing of concrete matrix were analysed. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-72735-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72736-9_8 VL - 34 SP - 147 EP - 207 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - Flexural Creep Tests on Beams : 8 Years of Experience with Steel and Synthetic Fibres T2 - Creep Behaviour in Cracked Sections of Fibre Reinforced Concrete : Proceedings of the International RILEM Workshop FRC-CREEP 2016 N2 - The creep of cracked fibre reinforced concrete beams has been investigated by many laboratories. Different testing procedures have been used. Creep-test results prove that cracked beams reinforced by fibres show time dependent deformations and therefore increasing crack width with time. Some cannot sustain a high percentage of post-crack load for an extended period and fail due to creep rupture. Determination of the residual strength of FRC according to the Austrian Guideline Fibre Reinforced Concrete was the starting point for the tests. The beams were first tested under four-point flexural loading up to a deflection of 1.75 mm. The beams were then unloaded and three pre-cracked beams were loaded with a sustained load at various percentages of the load reported at 1.75 mm deflection. The used testing procedure, realized and planned improvements are discussed. Typical creep-time curves of FRC are presented. The load level was increased stepwise. Starting point was 50 % of the residual load at 1.75 mm deflection. At the load level of 60 %, beams with several fibre types started deforming faster and the test ended up in a creep failure. An alarming fact is that beams with some fibre-types may fail after 7 years of loading. KW - Structural fibres KW - Flexural test KW - Unnotched beams KW - Creep KW - Creep rupture Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-94-024-1001-3 SN - 978-94-024-1000-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1001-3_3 SP - 27 EP - 39 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk T1 - Betonfeuchtemodell für Tunnelinnenschalen in Österreich (Tunnelfeuchte) T2 - Forschungsbericht der OTH Regensburg 2016 N2 - Die Feuchtigkeit in oberflächennahen Schichten der Tunnelinnenschalen ist neben der Temperaturentwicklung und Dehnungsbehinderung maßgebend für das Abplatzverhalten der Schale im Brandfall. Die Feuchte ändert sich mit den Umgebungsbedingungen. Die Feuchteverteilungen und Änderungen über den Jahreszyklus sind derzeit weitgehend unbekannt. Um ein Modell zu entwickeln ist es notwendig anhand zuverlässiger Messdaten einen Überblick über die Feuchteverteilung in Abhängigkeit des Tunnelklimas zu bekommen. Die Messung in verschiedenen Tiefenstufen im Tunnel und in der Klimakammer erfolgt mit spezifischen Sensoren und Datenerfassungseinheiten. Die Sensoren müssen für den Einsatz im Beton richtig ausgewählt und geschützt werden. Aufbauend auf diesen realen Messdaten soll dann ein bauphysikalisches Modell entwickelt werden. Y1 - 2016 UR - https://doi.org/10.35096/othr/pub-1384 SN - 978-3-9818209-1-1 SP - 64 EP - 65 CY - Regensburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Testor, Markus A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - Druckfestigkeitsentwicklung von Spritzbetonen mit alkalifreier Erstarrungsbeschleunigung JF - Zement + Beton N2 - Spritzbetone mit alkalifreier Erstarrungsbeschleunigung werden ohne alkalische Zusatzmittel (Spritz-Bindemittel mit begrenztem Alkaligehalt oder alkalifreiem Erstarrungsbeschleuniger) verarbeitet. Ein entscheidender Punkt fuer den Einsatz der alkalifreien Erstarrungsbeschleunigung ist das geunstige Auslaugverhalten, speziell hinsichtlich der Einbringung von Alkalien in Tunnelwaesser. Diese Spritzbetone zeigen bei Kontakt mit Wasser das gleiche Auslaugverhalten wie Normalbeton. Alkalihaltige Zusatzmittel fuehrten bisher bei unsachgemaesser Anwendung auch zu Veraetzungen der Haut und der Augen (bis zur Erblindung) sowie zu Reizungen der Schleimhaeute. Die arbeitshygienischen und oekologischen Nachteile klassischer alkalihaetiger Erstarrungsbeschleuniger wurden mit der neuen Technologie ueberwunden. Die Festigkeitsentwicklungen von Spritzbetonen mit alkalifreier Erstarrungsbeschleunigung weisen unterschiediche Charakteristika auf und weichen im Festigkeitsverlauf untereinander beziehungsweise gegenueber herkoemmlichen, mit alkalihaltigen Beschleunigern versehenen Spritzbetonen ab. Eine charakteristische Druckfestigkeitsentwicklung zeigen nur Spritzbetone unter Verwendung von Spritz-Bindemitteln fuer den Einsatz mit ofentrockenen Zuschlaegen beziehungsweise Spritz-Bindemittel auch mit naturfeuchten Zuschlaegen.Werden Zemente auf Basis von Portlandzementklinker mit alkalifreiem Erstarrungsbeschleuniger eingesetzt, so sind grosse Unterschiede im Festigkeitsverlauf, primaer abhaengig vom Erstarrungsbeschleunigergehalt und Wasserzement-Wert, sowohl im Trocken- als auch im Nassspritzverfahren feststellbar. KW - Alkali KW - Construction KW - Shotcrete KW - Strength of materials KW - Tunnels Y1 - 1997 SN - 0514-2946 VL - 97 IS - 3 SP - 20 EP - 25 PB - Zement und Beton Handels- und Werbeges. CY - Wien ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Testor, Markus A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - Vergleichende Staubmessungen bei Spritzbetonarbeiten : Meßmethoden-Einflussfaktoren-Reduktionsmöglichkeiten JF - Felsbau : Fachzeitschrift für Ingenieurgeologie, Geomechanik und Tunnelbau = Rock and soil engineering Y1 - 1997 SN - 0174-6979 VL - 15 IS - 2 SP - 125 EP - 133 PB - VGE-Verlag CY - Essen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fleischmann, Florian A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - Neues Rheometer zur Bestimmung der Frischbetoneigenschaften von Selbstverdichtenden Betonen. JF - Beton : die Fachzeitschrift für Bau + Technik Y1 - 2014 SN - 0005-9846 VL - 64 IS - 9 SP - 330 EP - 337 PB - Verlag Bau + Technik CY - Erkrath ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang ED - Maekawa, Koichi ED - Kasuga, Akio ED - Yamazaki, Jun T1 - Enhanced durability of shotcrete – Reduced potential for precipitations T2 - Proceedings of the 11th fib International PhD Symposium in Civil Engineering. - 29.-31.08.2016, Tokyo, Japan N2 - The contact of underground water with shotcrete leads to leaching of calcium hydroxide and can increase the precipitation of calcite in the secondary drainage system of tunnels under certain conditions. Indeed precipitations in the drainage pipes lead to high maintenance costs. Within a research project the leaching behavior of new and innovative binder compositions was tested in lab tests. One possible change in mix-design is the reduction in clinker content by using a lower amount of Ordinary Portland Cement together with cementitious materials. Successful combinations were further investigated in sprayed mortar and shotcrete tests to examine the influences of the spraying process and the addition of accelerator. The results indicate how shotcrete mix-design can be improved regarding its potential for precipitations and subsequently enhanced durability of shotcrete. Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-4-9909148-0-6 SP - 221 EP - 228 PB - Technical University of Tokyo ER - TY - INPR A1 - Malz, Sebastian A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Steffens, Oliver A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - Determination of the Water Content within Tunnel Linings to Assess Fire Safety T2 - SSRN Electronic Journal N2 - Fires in tunnels are known to lead to explosive spalling of the tunnel linings, mainly due to rapid expansion of water as a result of vaporization in the concrete. In order to determine water content and assess fire safety within tunnel linings a novel measurement system has been developed. The development process includes the calibration of the sensor system via both direct and indirect approaches. This work compares both calibration methods and shows the differences that can occur due to measurement uncertainty. This work presents the measured water content within the Inntal tunnel, Austria as a representative tunnel from a total of four investigated tunnels. The obtained water content is compared to that found in the literature, and recommendations for practical work in terms of fire safety is given. KW - tunnel inner lining KW - water content KW - moisture sensor KW - moisture measurement KW - Fire safety KW - concrete spalling Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4390700 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Briendl, Lukas G. A1 - Juhart, Joachim A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang ED - Teubert, Oliver ED - Kusterle, Wolfgang ED - Greim, Markus T1 - Rheologische Untersuchungen an Frischbetonmischungen für Spritzbeton T2 - Rheologische Messungen an Baustoffen 2019 : Tagungsband zum 28. Workshop und Kolloquium, 13. und 14. März an der OTH Regensburg KW - Beton KW - Rheologie Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-7482-4651-0 PB - tredition CY - Hamburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beimler, Josef A1 - Leißl, Caroline A1 - Ebner, Lena A1 - Elsner, Michael A1 - Mühlbauer, Gerhard A1 - Kohlert, Dieter A1 - Schubert, Martin J. W. A1 - Weiß, Andreas P. A1 - Sterner, Michael A1 - Raith, Thomas A1 - Afranseder, Martin A1 - Krapf, Tobias A1 - Mottok, Jürgen A1 - Siemers, Christian A1 - Großmann, Benjamin A1 - Höcherl, Johannes A1 - Schlegl, Thomas A1 - Schneider, Ralph A1 - Milaev, Johannes A1 - Rampelt, Christina A1 - Roduner, Christian A1 - Glowa, Christoph A1 - Bachl, Christoph A1 - Schliekmann, Claus A1 - Gnan, Alfons A1 - Grill, Martin A1 - Ruhland, Karl A1 - Piehler, Thomas A1 - Friers, Daniel A1 - Wels, Harald A1 - Pflug, Kenny A1 - Kucera, Markus A1 - Waas, Thomas A1 - Schlachetzki, Felix A1 - Boy, Sandra A1 - Pemmerl, Josef A1 - Leis, Alexander A1 - Welsch, Andreas F.X. A1 - Graf, Franz A1 - Zenger, Gerhard A1 - Volbert, Klaus A1 - Waas, Thomas A1 - Scherzinger, Stefanie A1 - Klettke, Meike A1 - Störl, Uta A1 - Heyl, C. A1 - Boldenko, A. A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Kujat, Richard A1 - Briem, Ulrich A1 - Hierl, Stefan A1 - Talbot, Sebastian A1 - Schmailzl, Anton A1 - Ławrowski, Robert Damian A1 - Prommesberger, Christian A1 - Langer, Christoph A1 - Dams, Florian A1 - Schreiner, Rupert A1 - Valentino, Piergiorgio A1 - Romano, Marco A1 - Ehrlich, Ingo A1 - Furgiuele, Franco A1 - Gebbeken, Norbert A1 - Eisenried, Michael A1 - Jungbauer, Bastian A1 - Hutterer, Albert A1 - Bauhuber, Michael A1 - Mikrievskij, Andreas A1 - Argauer, Monika A1 - Hummel, Helmut A1 - Lechner, Alfred A1 - Liebetruth, Thomas A1 - Schumm, Michael A1 - Joseph, Saskia A1 - Reschke, Michael A1 - Soska, Alexander A1 - Schroll-Decker, Irmgard A1 - Putzer, Michael A1 - Rasmussen, John A1 - Dendorfer, Sebastian A1 - Weber, Tim A1 - Al-Munajjed, Amir Andreas A1 - Verkerke, Gijsbertus Jacob A1 - Renkawitz, Tobias A1 - Haug, Sonja A1 - Rudolph, Clarissa A1 - Zeitler, Annika A1 - Schaubeck, Simon A1 - Steffens, Oliver A1 - Rechenauer, Christian A1 - Schulz-Brize, Thekla A1 - Fleischmann, Florian A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Beer, Anne A1 - Wagner, Bernd A1 - Neidhart, Thomas ED - Baier, Wolfgang T1 - Forschungsbericht 2013 T3 - Forschungsberichte der OTH Regensburg - 2013 Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-7990 CY - Regensburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Steindl, F. A1 - Mittermayr, Florian A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Juhart, Joachim A1 - Galan Garcia, Isabel A1 - Baldermann, Andre A1 - Briendl, Lukas G. A1 - Sakoparnig, Marlene A1 - Röck, Rudolf A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - Sulfate resistance of dry mix shotcretes with new binder composition T2 - ICCC 2019: 15th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, 16.-20.09.2019, Prague, Czech Republik N2 - Improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying deleterious chemical attacks is necessary to better predict the long-term performance and durability of shotcrete in aggressive environments. In the scope of the research project “ASSpC - Advanced and Sustainable Sprayed Concrete”, new durable and sustainable shotcretes and new test methods are developed. In order to increase shotcrete durability, the spray cement (specified in Austrian Guideline “Sprayed concrete”) used is substituted with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). However, in the past SCMs have seen only limited use in the application of dry-mix shotcrete. This contribution presents 6 new mix designs intended to be used for dry-mix shotcrete, each with varying amounts and types of SCMs, and compares their performance and sprayability with a commercially available spray cement. As sulfate attack is one of the major threats to shotcrete (e.g. in tunnelling), the resistance of the new mixes against sulfate attack is tested using a modified version of the Swiss sulfate test according to SIA 262/1:2013. This approach provides new insights into damaging mechanisms of dry mix shotcrete in sulfate-loaded environments Y1 - 2019 SP - 3527 EP - 3872 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Baldermann, Andre A1 - Mittermayr, Florian A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - Development of shotcrete with increased durability against thaumasite sulfate attack BT - Experiences from a tunnel site and laboratory tests T2 - ICCC 2019: 15th International Congress on Chemistry of Cement, 16.-20.09.2019, Prague, Czech Republik Y1 - 2019 SP - 3425 EP - 3435 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sakoparnig, Marlene A1 - Galan, Isabel A1 - Steindl, Florian Roman A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Juhart, Joachim A1 - Grengg, Cyrill A1 - Briendl, Lukas G. A1 - Saxer, Andreas A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Mittermayr, Florian T1 - Durability of clinker reduced shotcrete: Ca2+ leaching, sintering, carbonation and chloride penetration JF - Materials and structures N2 - The reduction of clinker use is mandatory to lower the negative environmental impact of concrete. In shotcrete mixes, similarly to the case of conventional concrete, the use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and proper mix design allow for the substitution of clinker without compromising the mechanical properties. However, the impact of the substitution on the durability of shotcrete needs to be further assessed and understood. The results from the present study, obtained from real-scale sprayed concrete applications, show a reduction of the Ca2+ leaching and sintering potential of clinker-reduced shotcrete mixes due to the presence of SCMs. This positive effect, crucial for low maintenance costs of tunnels, is mainly related to a reduced portlandite content, which on the other hand negatively affects the carbonation resistance of shotcrete. Additionally, the hydration of SCMs positively influences the chloride penetration resistance presumably due to a combination of microstructural changes and changes in the chloride binding capacity. Differences found in the pore size distribution of the various mixes have low impact on the determined durability parameters, in particular compared to the effect of inhomogeneities produced during shotcrete application. KW - Carbonate precipitation KW - Carbonation KW - Chloride penetration KW - Durability KW - Leaching KW - Shotcrete Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-021-01644-7 VL - 54 SP - 1 EP - 23 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steindl, Florian Roman A1 - Galan, Isabel A1 - Baldermann, Andre A1 - Sakoparnig, Marlene A1 - Briendl, Lukas G. A1 - Juhart, Joachim A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Dietzel, Martin A1 - Röck, Rudolf A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Mittermayr, Florian T1 - Sulfate durability and leaching behaviour of dry- and wet-mix shotcrete mixes JF - Cement and Concrete Research N2 - Shotcrete is a material frequently used in underground constructions such as tunnels, where Ca leaching and sulfate attack are important durability issues. In this study, two test methods were employed to investigate the sulfate resistance and leaching behaviour of dry- and wet-mix shotcretes in sulfate solutions on a time-resolved basis. Tests on powdered samples showed the dissolution of AFm, portlandite and C-A-S-H, subsequently followed by the precipitation of calcite and ettringite. The extent of sulfate expansion of drill cores corresponded to the chemical response of the powder materials, particularly on the reactivity of Ca- and Al-containing hydrated cement phases. The use of high-purity metakaolin (7-10 wt%) in the shotcrete binder significantly decreased the sulfate durability, while high amounts of other SCMs such as blast-furnace slag and silica fume (> 20 wt%) had a positive effect on the durability of shotcrete. KW - ADMIXTURES KW - ALKALI-FREE KW - ATTACK KW - BLAST-FURNACE SLAG KW - concrete KW - Durability KW - Leaching KW - MECHANISM KW - METAKAOLIN KW - RESISTANCE KW - SCMs KW - Shotcrete KW - Sulfate attack KW - TEMPERATURE KW - THAUMASITE FORM Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106180 VL - 137 IS - November SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Galan, Isabel A1 - Briendl, Lukas G. A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Steindl, Florian A1 - Roeck, Rudolf A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Mittermayr, Florian T1 - Filler Effect in Shotcrete JF - Materials N2 - The effects of fine limestone powder on the early hydration of cementitious systems accelerated by means of alkali-free aluminum sulfate based products, commonly used for shotcrete applications, were investigated in the course of laboratory and real scale tests. In binary (CEM I + limestone) and ternary (CEM I + limestone + slag) systems the addition of fine limestone led to an enhancement of the hydration degree and strength development at early times (<24 h). The formation of ettringite, aluminate hydrates, and C-S-H is affected by the joint action of the setting accelerator and the fine limestone. Accelerator and limestone, in combination with the cement, can be optimized to enhance ettringite and silicate reaction, in some cases coupled with aluminate reaction inhibition, to produce mixes suitable for sprayed concrete applications. Such optimization can help to reduce the cement content in the mixes without compromising the early strength development of the shotcrete. KW - acceleration KW - ACCELERATORS KW - ALKALI-FREE KW - ALUMINUM SULFATE KW - CaCO3 KW - CALCIUM-CARBONATE KW - CEMENT HYDRATION KW - EARLY AGE HYDRATION KW - hydration KW - LIMESTONE POWDER KW - mechanical properties KW - PORTLAND-CEMENT Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12193221 VL - 12 IS - 19 SP - 1 EP - 24 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mittermayr, Florian A1 - Galan, Isabel A1 - Saade, Marcella Ruschi Mendes A1 - Saxer, Andreas A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - "ASSpC" Shotcrete research for the needs of tomorrow T2 - ICCC 2019: 15th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, ICCC 2019, 16.-20.09.2019, Prague, Czech Republik N2 - Shotcrete or sprayed concrete in tunneling in connection with the "New Austrian Tunneling Method” has been developed over the last decades to reach a high quality standard. However, at present the development of new shotcrete mixes is required to fulfill durability and stainability requirements, i.e. for superior performance in aggressive environments and reduction of maintenance costs. In the course of the project ASSpC ("Advanced and sustainable sprayed concrete") the research team focuses on producing and testing new and innovative shotcrete mixes using local and environmentally friendly raw materials. Sustainable and durable shotcrete with optimized mechanical and physical properties and improved chemical resistance is developed. This paper outlines the motivation for the project, gives an overview of the project structure and introduces key reaction mechanisms and environmental controls causing damage of shotcrete in tunnels. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://iccc-online.org/fileadmin/gruppen/iccc/proceedings/ICCC15_2019.pdf SP - 3518 EP - 3872 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sakoparnig, Marlene A1 - Galan, Isabel A1 - Balderman, Andre A1 - Steindl, Florian A1 - Dietzel, Martin A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Saxer, Andreas A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Mittermayr, Florian T1 - Experimental Ca leaching of shotcrete & secondary precipitation T2 - ICCC 2019: 15th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, ICCC 2019, 16.-20.09.2019, Prague, Czech Republik Y1 - 2019 UR - https://iccc-online.org/fileadmin/gruppen/iccc/proceedings/ICCC15_2019.pdf SP - 3488 EP - 3495 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Briendl, Lukas G. A1 - Galan, Isabel A1 - Steindl, Florian A1 - Röck, Rudolf A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Juhart, Joachim A1 - Baldermann, Andre A1 - Mittermayr, Florian A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - Hydration processes of accelerated cementitious systems governing early strength development T2 - ICCC 2019: 15th International Congress on Chemistry of Cement, 16.-20.09.2019, Prague, Czech Republik Y1 - 2019 SP - 714 EP - 724 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Juhart, Joachim A1 - Briendl, Lukas G. A1 - Röck, Rudolf A1 - Galan, Isabel A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Mittermayr, Florian A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - Performance optimization of shotcrete by combined fillers T2 - ICCC 2019: 15th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, ICCC 2019, 16.-20.09.2019, Prague, Czech Republik Y1 - 2019 SP - 1387 EP - 3872 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sakoparnig, Marlene A1 - Galan, Isabel A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Lindlar, Benedikt A1 - Koraimann, Günther A1 - Angerer, Thomas A1 - Steindl, Florian Roman A1 - Briendl, Lukas G. A1 - Jehle, Sebastian A1 - Flotzinger, Johannes A1 - Juhart, Joachim A1 - Mittermayr, Florian T1 - On the significance of accelerator enriched layers in wet-mix shotcrete JF - Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology N2 - The application process, which gives shotcrete its name is a robust and established method, dating back to the beginning of the 20th century. Since then, the spraying process has been significantly enhanced. However, during the last decades no major technical changes have been made. In this study the wet - mix shotcrete process including the dosing of accelerator was investigated. For this, we monitored the concrete and accelerator pressure with 5 sensors in the pumps and pipes, and analysed the accelerator distribution in the hardened shotcrete matrix. The recorded pressure fluctuations clearly indicated that the pumping of the concrete with a double-piston pump led to flow pulsations. The pressure along the accelerator pipes, controlled by a peristaltic pump, was not steady either. However, the accelerator flow pulsation had a higher frequency than that of the concrete flow. This misalignment led to changes in the accelerator to concrete ratio during the spraying process. The impact of these incongruent concrete and accelerator flows on the resulting hardened shotcrete was visually analysed with the use of 0.02 % uranin as fluorescent tracer added to the accelerator. The tracer distribution showed that changes in the accelerator/concrete ratio led to the formation of ‘accelerator layers’, layers with higher accelerator concentrations in the hardened shotcrete. These layers show differences in chemistry, mineralogy and open porosity compared to the rest of the shotcrete matrix. The presence of accelerator enriched layers can have detrimental effects on the shotcrete properties, especially affecting the durability and mechanical performance. In consequence, we recommend a revision of the shotcrete process to eliminate these inhomogeneities. KW - Inhomogeneities KW - Pulsation KW - Concrete pumping KW - Layering KW - Accelerator KW - Shotcrete Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2022.104764 VL - 131 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sakoparnig, Marlene A1 - Baldermann, Andre A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Mittermayr, Florian A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - Bestimmung der experimentellen Calcium-Auslaugung an Spritzbetonbohrkernen: Methodenvergleich und Update T2 - Spritzbeton-Tagung 2018, Alpbach, Österreich 11.-12.01.2018 N2 - Im Rahmen des FFG-Forschungsprojektes „Entwicklung neuer dauerhafter und nachhaltiger Spritzbetone (Advanced and sustainable sprayed concrete; ASSpC)“ werden Methoden zur Prüfung der Calcium-Auslaugung von Spritzbeton eingesetzt bzw. weiterentwickelt. Bestimmt wurde dafür das Reduzierte Versinterungspotential nach Regelwerken der Österreichischen Bautechnik Vereinigung und das Auslaugverhalten von Spritzbeton bei leichtem Säureangriff (Salpetersäure und Kohlensäure), um dauerhaftigkeitsrelevante Parameter im Bereich der Wechselwirkungen von Spritzbeton mit leicht sauren (Kohlensäure- und Nitrathaltigen) Oberflächen-, Grund- und Sickerwässern zu untersuchen und potentielle Schädigungsmechanismen zu identifizieren und zu quantifizieren. Die Vor- und Nachteile der verwendeten Prüfmethoden zum lösenden Angriff werden in Bezug auf die Dauerhaftigkeit von Spritzbeton diskutiert. T2 - DIFFERENT EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES TO STUDY CA-LEACHING IN SPRAYED CONCRETE: COMPARISON OF METHODS AND UPDATE Y1 - 2018 UR - http://www.spritzbeton-tagung.com/downloads/vortraege/2018/11_Sakoparnig_et_al_Methodenvergleich_Calcium-Auslaugung_an_Spritzbeton-Bohrkernen.pdf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Steindl, Florian A1 - Galan, Isabel A1 - Baldermann, Andre A1 - Sakoparnig, Marlene A1 - Dietzel, Martin A1 - Röck, Rudolf A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Mittermayr, Florian T1 - Dauerhaftigkeitsuntersuchungen an Trocken- und Nassspritzbetonen mit mineralischen Zusatzstoffen - Investigations on the durability of dry- and wet-mix sprayed concrete with mineral additions T2 - Spritzbeton-Tagung 2021, 21. + 22. Jänner 2021, Alpbach Tirol N2 - Die Dauerhaftigkeit von Spritzbeton kann, insbesondere in seiner Verwendung als Stütz-und Ausbaumaterial im Tunnelbau, durch chemische Angriffe deutlich herabgesetzt werden. Im Forschungsprojekt "Entwicklung neuer dauerhafter und nachhaltiger Spritzbetone (ASSpC)" wurden Prüfkörper von Trocken-und Nassspritzbetonen in Großspritzversuchen hergestellt. Der Sulfatwiderstand und das Lösungsverhalten der Betone in sulfathaltigen wässrigen Lösungen wurden mit drei Testverfahren bestimmt und die Ergebnisse miteinander verglichen: Ein Pulvertestverfahren zeigt die Auflösung von Zementhydratphasen zugunsten der Neubildung von Calcit und Ettringit. Das Ausmaß der Sulfatdehnung an Bohrkernen, ermittelt im zweiten Testverfahren, korrespondiert mit dem chemischen Verhalten des gemahlenen Materials, insbesondere bezüglich der Reaktivität von calcium-und aluminium-haltigen Hydratphasen. Der Thaumasitwiderstand, ermittelt über Masseverlust von Prüf-körpern, zeigte eine weitgehende Übereinstimmung mit den zuvor genannten Tests. Die Verwendung von hochreinen Metakaolinen (7-10 M-% des Bindemittels) oder Feinstcalcit (5-10 M-% des Bindemittels) allein führte insgesamt zu deutlich geringerer Sulfatbeständigkeit. Hingegen konnten hohe Gehalte an Hüttensand oder Silikastaub auch in Kombination mit Metakaolin und Feinstcalcit den Sulfatwiderstand von Spritzbeton erhöhen. The durability of shotcrete can be degraded by chemical attacks, especially if used as ground support in tunnel construction. In the course of the research project "Advanced and Sustainable Sprayed Concrete (ASSpC)" test specimens of dry-mix and wet-mix shotcrete were sprayed in large-scale tests. The sulfate resistance and the leaching behaviour of these shotcretes were assessed in sulfate-bearing solutions. A test procedure based on the use of shotcrete powders shows that hydrated cement phases dissolve in favour of calcite and ettringite neo-formation. The sulfate expansion measured on drill cores in the second procedure corresponds to the behaviour of the powders, especially regarding the reactivity of calcium-and aluminium-bearing hydrated phases. The resistance against thaumasite attack, assessed by measuring the mass loss of prisms, coincides with the former test results. The exclusive use of high-purity metakaolin (7-10 wt-% of binder) or fine calcium carbonate (5-10 wt-% of binder) leads to a decrease in the sulfate durability. However, high amounts of blast furnace slag or silica fume can increase the sulfate resistance of shotcrete even when used in combination with metakaolin or fine calcium carbonate. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.spritzbeton-tagung.com/downloads/vortraege/2021/17_Steindl.pdf SP - 94 EP - 111 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Mittermayr, Florian T1 - ASSpC – Ein Forschungsprogramm für den Spritzbeton von morgen T2 - Tagungs-CD der Spritzbeton-Tagung 2018, 11.-12. Januar 2018, Alpbach, Tirol, CD-ROM N2 - Spritzbeton wird im Tunnelbau als temporäre und permanente Stütz- und Ausbaumaßnahme eingesetzt. Mit der Einführung der alkalifreien Spritzbeton-Technologie wurde um 2004 ein großer Qualitätssprung erzielt. Trotzdem besteht noch Optimierungsbedarf. Alle Bauwerke sollten heute nachhaltig und dauerhaft erstellt werden. Spritzbeton sollte daher aus möglichst umweltneutralen Stoffen hergestellt werden und auch in aggressiver Umgebung dauerhaft, ohne ungünstige Auswirkungen auf das Gesamtbauwerk, seine Aufgaben erfüllen. Das kann nur mit optimierten Rezepturen unter Einsatz ausgewählter Ausgangsstoffe realisiert werden. Das von der FFG in Österreich geförderte Forschungsprogramm „Entwicklung neuer dauerhafter und nachhaltiger Spritzbetone“ (Advanced and Sustainable Sprayed Concrete) setzt genau hier an. Y1 - 2018 UR - http://www.spritzbeton-tagung.com/downloads/vortraege/2018/17_Kusterle_et_al_ASSpC__Ein_Forschungsprogramm_fuer_den_Spritzbeton_von_Morgen.pdf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mittermayr, Florian A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Baldermann, Andre A1 - Lindlar, Benedikt A1 - Stenger, Christian A1 - Huber, Helmut A1 - Bauer, Eric A1 - Scheutz, Rudolf A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - Instandsetzung Bosruck-Eisenbahntunnel:Entwicklung von Spritzbeton mit erhöhtem Widerstand gegen Thaumasit-Sulfatangriff T2 - Spritzbeton-Tagung 2018. Alpbach, Tirol, 11. und 12. Januar 2018. Tagungsbeiträge. CD-ROM N2 - Im Bosruck-Eisenbahntunnel kam es in Folge v on intensivem Sulfatangriff durch Thaumasitbildungen zu erheblichen Betonschäden. Bisher sieht das Regelwerk (ÖNORM B 4710-1 und ÖVBB-RL Spritzbeton) bei Sulfatangriff den Einsatz von C 3A-freien Bindemitteln vor – dies gilt auch für Spritzbeton. Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass C 3A-freier Zement keinen wesentlich verbesserten Widerstand gegen den Thaumasit-Sulfatangriff aufweist. Im Zuge der Tunnelinstandsetzung war es das vorrangige Ziel, Spritzbeton mit erhöhtem Widerstand gegen Thaumasit-Sulfatangriff und ausreichender Frühfestigkeit zu entwickeln. In diesem Beitrag werden neu entwickelte Mischungsansätze und deren Umsetzung im Labormaßstab vorgestellt. Die mechanischen Kennwerte dieser Rezeptur (z.B. Frühfestigkeitsentwicklung) sowie die Ergebnisse der Dauerhaftigkeitsuntersuchungen zeigen, dass eine Rezeptur mit optimiertem Bindemittelgehalt die hohen Anforderungen im Tunnel erfüllen kann. Die Erfahrungen aus der praktischen Umsetzung im Zuge der Instandsetzungsarbeiten des Bosruck-Eisenbahntunnels im Jahre 2016 waren positiv. T2 - REPAIR OF THE BOSRUCK RAILROAD TUNNEL: DEVELOPMENT OF SPRAYED CONCRETE WITH INCREASED DURABILITY AGAINST THAUMASITE SULFATE ATTACK Y1 - 2018 UR - http://spritzbeton-tagung.com/downloads/vortraege/2018/13_Mittermayr_et_al_Spritzbeton_mit_erhoehtem_Widerstand_gegen_Thaumasit-Sulfatangriff.pdf CY - Oberperfuss ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Galan Garcia, Isabel A1 - Stauffacher, Anina A1 - Mittermayr, Florian A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Juilland, Patrick A1 - Stenger, Christian A1 - Lindlar, Benedikt T1 - Estudio de las reacciones de hidratación temprana en el hormigón proyectado T2 - HAC2018 - V Congreso Iberoamericano de Hormigón Autocompactable y Hormigones Especiales ; Valencia 05.03.2018 - 06.03.2018 N2 - El hormigón proyectado es un tipo de hormigón especial utilizado como soporte de rocas durante la construcción de túneles y excavación de minas, entre otras aplicaciones. Las principales características de este tipo de hormigón son el fraguado rápido y el desarrollo de una muy alta resistencia mecánica a edades tempranas, lo cual permite que el hormigón se fije a la base sin necesidad de un soporte extra, endureciéndose en pocos minutos. Las reacciones de hidratación que ocurren en las primeras horas en el hormigón proyectado determinan el desarrollo de las propiedades mecánicas y su estudio es de crucial importancia para entender y optimizar el comportamiento de este tipo de hormigones. El estudio de estas reacciones, sin embargo, resulta relativamente complicado por varias razones: (i) el hormigón proyectado endurece muy rápido, lo cual dificulta su manejo durante los ensayos experimentales, y (ii) composiciones similares mezcladas en el laboratorio no se comportan de forma similar a las proyectadas. En este trabajo se presenta una metodología experimental desarrollada para el estudio de las reacciones de hidratación que ocurren en el hormigón proyectado durante las primeras horas y su correlación con la resistencia mecánica. Y1 - 2018 SN - 9788490485910 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4995/hac2018.2018.6907 PB - Universitat Politècnica València ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Galan, Isabel A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Briendl, Lukas G. A1 - Röck, Rudolf A1 - Steindl, Florian A1 - Juhart, Joachim A1 - Mittermayr, Florian A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang ED - Beck, Thomas ED - Myren, Synnøve A. ED - Engen, Siri T1 - From Lab Scale Spraying to Real Scale Shotcreting and back to the Lab T2 - 8th International Symposium on Sprayed Concrete : Modern Use of Wet Mix Sprayed Concrete for Underground Support - Trondheim, Norwegen. - 11. - 14.06.2018 N2 - Before new mixes are sprayed in real scale applications, lab experiments have to be carried out to provide a basis for predicting a good performance in real scale. In many cases, to understand the correlations between the behavior in the lab and in real scale spraying, a further set of experiments after the real spraying is required. In this paper we present such a two way process for two new wet mixes, one with a very low tricalcium aluminate Portland cement and the other one with a CEM I with addition of ultra-fine calcite. Calorimetry and Shear-Modulus measurements were used in the lab to monitor hydration evolution. In the real scale spraying compressive strength was measured at periodic intervals up to 24 hours. The hydration of the sprayed samples was stopped at 3, 6 and 24 hours and samples were scanned with X-ray for the identification and quantification of the phases present. The results presented are used to discuss the extent to which lab experiments can predict the behavior of mixes in real scale and how small changes in the raw materials and the mixes can lead to quite different results. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://betong.net/wp-content/uploads/8th-Sprayed-Concrete_Web-Proceedings.pdf SN - 978-82-8208-060-6 SP - 139 EP - 153 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stauffacher, Anina A1 - Galan, Isabel A1 - Juilland, Patrick A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Stenger, Christian A1 - Baldermann, Andre A1 - Mittermayr, Florian A1 - Lindlar, Benedikt A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang ED - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - Einfluss von Hüttensand und ultrafeinem Kalksteinmehl auf die Hydratation von jungem Spritzbeton T2 - Spritzbeton-Tagung 2018, Alpbach, Tirol, 11. und 12. Januar 2018. Tagungsbeiträge. CD-ROM KW - Spritzbeton KW - Feuchtigkeit KW - Hydratation Y1 - 2018 CY - Oberperfuss ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Juhart, Joachim A1 - Briendl, Lukas G. A1 - Mittermayr, Florian A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Röck, Rudolf A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - Optimierte Eigenschaften von Spritzbeton durch kombinierte Zusatzstoffe T2 - Tagungs-CD der Spritzbeton-Tagung 2018, 11.-12. Januar 2018, Alpbach, Tirol, CD-ROM Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steindl, Florian R. A1 - Mittermayr, Florian A1 - Sakoparnig, Marlene A1 - Juhart, Joachim A1 - Briendl, Lukas G. A1 - Lindlar, Benedikt A1 - Ukrainczyk, Neven A1 - Dietzel, Martin A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Galan, Isabel T1 - On the porosity of low-clinker shotcrete and accelerated pastes JF - Construction and Building Materials N2 - Although the number and size of interconnected pores have been identified as the most important aspects of concrete microstructure, comprehensive datasets on shotcrete porosity and pore size distributions are still scarce and their key controls are poorly investigated. In this study we investigate the effects of the spraying process, setting accelerator addition and mix design on the microstructure of real-scale dry- and wet-mix shotcrete and hand-mixed and sprayed accelerated pastes. A newly proposed deconvolution analysis of the pore size distributions, measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry, offers increased precision in determining the critical and median pore diameter parameters. In total >50 samples were analysed. Results show that the dry-mix shotcrete exhibits a shift towards coarser pore sizes (∼100–1 μm) than wet-mix shotcrete. Combinations of different supplementary cementitious materials are favourable for producing wet-mix shotcretes with refined pore structures. The addition of setting accelerators, up to 10 wt-% of binder mass, and the spraying process cause systematic variations in the pore volume and pore structure of (sprayed) paste and shotcrete. KW - Porosity KW - Shotcrete KW - Mercury Intrusion KW - Durability KW - SCMs Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.130461 SN - 0950-0618 VL - 368 PB - Elsevier CY - 14 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Juhart, Joachim A1 - Röck, Rudolf A1 - Saxer, Andreas A1 - Galan, Isabel A1 - Mittermayr, Florian A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - Entwicklung neuer, dauerhafter und nachhaltiger Spritzbetone T2 - Kolloquium Forschung & Entwicklung für Zement und Beton 2018 Y1 - 2018 UR - https://zement.at/downloads/downloads_2018/Kolloquium_Kurzbeitraege_2018_neu.pdf SP - 65 EP - 69 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Juhart, Joachim A1 - Briendl, Lukas G. A1 - Mittermayr, Florian A1 - Röck, Rudolf A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - Mischungsentwicklung von nachhaltigem Spritzbeton mit kombinierten Zusatzstoffen T2 - Beton Graz '18 : 4. Grazer Betonkolloquium : 20./21. September 2018 N2 - Spritzbeton ist nachhaltig, wenn er sowohl umweltfreundlich als auch dauerhaft ist. Traditionelle Mischungszusammensetzungen für Spritzbeton enthalten einen hohen Anteil an fein gemahlenem Portlandzement und an Erstarrungsbeschleunigern. Beide Komponenten sind für eine sehr schnelle Festigkeitsentwicklung, aber auch hohe Umweltauswirkungen (wie CO2-Emissionen, Primärenergiebedarf) verantwortlich. Portlandzement ist ein hervorragendes Bindemittel, bringt aber ein hohes Versinterungspotenzial und bei normaler Zusammensetzung einen geringen Widerstand gegen chemischen Angriff, wie zum Beispiel den Sulfatangriff aus dem Bergwasser, mit sich. Hingegen können latent hydraulische und puzzolanische Zusatzstoffe die Dauerhaftigkeit erhöhen, sind aber auch für eine langsame Festigkeitsentwicklung bekannt. Im Beitrag wird ein neues Konzept des Mischungsentwurfs vorgestellt, das auf der Auswahl geeigneter Zusatzstoffe (i.e. feinste Kalksteinmehle, die die Hydratation beschleunigen, kombiniert mit gemahlenem Hüttensand und Puzzolanen), der Optimierung von Packungsdichte und Wasserbedarf sowie einem optimalen Mischungsverhältnis aller Feinstoffe beruht. Es wird an exemplarischen Mischungszusammensetzungen gezeigt, welche Eigenschaften bzw. Leistungsmerkmale in Labortests sowie in großmaßstäblichen Spritzversuchen erreicht werden können. KW - Bindemittel KW - chemischer Angriff KW - CO2-Emission KW - Dauerhaftigkeit KW - Hüttensand KW - Hydratation KW - Kalkstein KW - Labortest KW - Mischungsverhältnis KW - Packungsdichte KW - Portlandzement KW - Primärenergie KW - Spritzbeton KW - Wasserbedarf KW - Zusatzstoff Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-85125-621-5 SP - 139 EP - 152 PB - Verlag der Technischen Universität Graz CY - Graz ER -