TY - JOUR A1 - Scharfenberg, Georg A1 - Mottok, Jürgen A1 - Artmann, Christina A1 - Hobelsberger, Martin A1 - Paric, Ivan A1 - Großmann, Benjamin A1 - Pohlt, Clemens A1 - Wackerbarth, Alena A1 - Pausch, Uli A1 - Heidrich, Christiane A1 - Fadanelli, Martin A1 - Elsner, Michael A1 - Pöcher, Daniel A1 - Pittroff, Lenz A1 - Beer, Stefan A1 - Brückl, Oliver A1 - Haslbeck, Matthias A1 - Sterner, Michael A1 - Thema, Martin A1 - Muggenthaler, Nicole A1 - Lenck, Thorsten A1 - Götz, Philipp A1 - Eckert, Fabian A1 - Deubzer, Michael A1 - Stingl, Armin A1 - Simsek, Erol A1 - Krämer, Stefan A1 - Großmann, Benjamin A1 - Schlegl, Thomas A1 - Niedersteiner, Sascha A1 - Berlehner, Thomas A1 - Joblin, Mitchell A1 - Mauerer, Wolfgang A1 - Apel, Sven A1 - Siegmund, Janet A1 - Riehle, Dirk A1 - Weber, Joachim A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Zobel, Martin A1 - Al-Falouji, Ghassan A1 - Prestel, Dietmar A1 - Scharfenberg, Georg A1 - Mandl, Roland A1 - Deinzer, Arnulf A1 - Halang, W. A1 - Margraf-Stiksrud, Jutta A1 - Sick, Bernhard A1 - Deinzer, Renate A1 - Scherzinger, Stefanie A1 - Klettke, Meike A1 - Störl, Uta A1 - Wiech, Katharina A1 - Kubata, Christoph A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Dollinger, Markus A1 - Dembianny, Sven A1 - Kölbl, Andreas A1 - Welker, Franz A1 - Meier, Matthias A1 - Thumann, Philipp A1 - Swidergal, Krzysztof A1 - Wagner, Marcus A1 - Haug, Sonja A1 - Vernim, Matthias A1 - Seidenstücker, Barbara A1 - Weber, Karsten A1 - Arsan, Christian A1 - Schone, Reinhold A1 - Münder, Johannes A1 - Schroll-Decker, Irmgard A1 - Dillinger, Andrea Elisabeth A1 - Fuchshofer, Rudolf A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail A1 - Geith, Markus A. A1 - Koch, Fabian A1 - Ühlin, Christian A1 - Schratzenstaller, Thomas A1 - Saßmannshausen, Sean Patrick A1 - Auchter, Eberhard A1 - Kriz, Willy A1 - Springer, Othmar A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Obermeier, Andreas A1 - Udalzow, Anton A1 - Schmailzl, Anton A1 - Hierl, Stefan A1 - Langer, Christoph A1 - Schreiner, Rupert ED - Baier, Wolfgang T1 - Forschungsbericht 2015 T3 - Forschungsberichte der OTH Regensburg - 2015 Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-13867 SN - 978-3-00-048589-3 CY - Regensburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Prem, Nina T1 - Magnetically enhanced photoconductive high voltage control JF - ISSS Journal of Micro and Smart Systems N2 - The recent surge of interest in electrostatic actuators, particularly for soft robotic applications, has placed increasing demands on high voltage control technology. In this respect, optoelectronic bidirectional switching and analogue regulation of high voltages is becoming increasingly important. One common problem is the leakage current due to dark resistance of the material or device used. Another is the physical size of such elements. However, their ability to provide galvanic separation makes them a very attractive alternative to conventional (wired) semiconductor elements. This paper gives an overview of available methods and devices before introducing a concept based on the combination of photoresistive and magnetoresistive effects in Gallium Arsenide that are potentially applicable to other semiconductor materials. KW - GaAs KW - High voltage actuators KW - Magnetoresistance KW - Opto-sensors KW - Photoconduction KW - Soft robotics Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-30606 N1 - Corresponding author: Gareth J. Monkman VL - 11 SP - 317 EP - 328 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Striegl, Birgit A1 - Prem, Nina A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk T1 - Electrical Properties of Magnetoactive Boron‐Organo‐Silicon Oxide Polymers JF - Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics N2 - The electrical properties of rheopectic magnetoactive composites comprising boron-organo-silicon oxide dielectric matrices containing carbonyl iron microparticles are presented for the first time. The increase in interfacial magnetocapacitance is seen to greatly exceed that experienced when using conventional elastomeric matrices such as polydimethylsiloxane. In addition to the increase in capacitance, a simultaneous and sharp decrease in the parallel electrical resistance over several orders of magnitude is also observed. The effects are time dependent but repeatable. Potential applications include magnetically controlled frequency dependent devices, magnetic sensor systems, weighting elements for neural networks, etc. Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-26488 N1 - Corresponding author: Gareth J. Monkman VL - 221 IS - 4 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prem, Nina A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Infrared spectral analysis of low concentration magnetoactive polymers JF - Journal of Applied Polymer Science N2 - This work concerns an area of magnetoactive polymer (MAP) research seldom considered. Traditionally only MAP with high concentrations of magnetic filler (typically between 10 and 90 wt%) have been investigated. This article deals with a hitherto neglected aspect of research, namely MAP containing lower magnetic filler concentrations (1 to 3 wt%). This article utilizes a range of spectroscopic analysis methods (Raman and FTIR) and their applicability to MAP characterization at wavelengths ranging from 2.5 to 25 mu m. Particular attention is paid to low carbonyl iron particle (CIP) concentrations in MAP for which the emergence of capillary doublets at a critical 2 wt% concentration is revealed. This results in measurable magnetic field-dependent changes in IR absorption at a wavelength of 4.255 mu m together with a detectable CO2 susceptibility. (c) 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48366. KW - ELASTOMERS KW - magnetism and magnetic properties KW - sensors and actuators KW - spectroscopy Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-25913 SN - 1097-4628 N1 - Corresponding author: Nina Prem VL - 137 IS - 7 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Wiley ER - TY - GEN A1 - Prem, Nina A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Spectroscopic Analysis of Magneto-Active Polymers (MAP) - Poster T2 - DFG-Tagung, Benediktbeuern, September 2017 Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Diermeier, Andreas A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Investigation of the electrical properties of magneto-active polymers - Poster T2 - DFG-Tagung, Benedikbeuern, September 2016 Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk T1 - Investigation of the electrical properties of magneto-active polymers T2 - DFG-Tagung, Benedikbeuern, September 2015 Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prem, Nina A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Striegl, Birgit A1 - Böhm, Valter A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Shape memory effects using magnetoactive Boron-organo-silicon oxide polymers JF - Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics N2 - Thermomechanical shape memory materials have certain disadvantages when it comes to 3D volumetric reproduction intended for rapid prototyping or robotic prehension. The need to constantly supply energy to counteract elastic retraction forces in order to maintain the required geometry, together with the inability to achieve conformal stability at elevated temperatures, limits the application of thermal shape memory polymers. Form removal also presents problems as most viscoelastic materials do not ensure demolding stability. This work demonstrates how magnetoactive boron−organo−silicon oxide polymers under the influence of an applied magnetic field can be used to achieve energy free sustainable volumetric shape memory effects over extended periods. The rheopectic properties of boron−organo−silicon oxide materials sustain form removal without mold distortion. Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-23205 N1 - Corresponding Author: Gareth J. Monkman VL - 221 IS - 15 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Diermeier, Andreas A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Krenkel, Lars A1 - Rosell, X. C. A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Controllable Magnetoactive Polymer Conduit JF - The Open Mechanical Engineering Journal N2 - Objective: Magneto-active Polymers (MAP) are smart materials whose mechanical characteristics, such as elastic and shear moduli, may be controllable by means of an externally applied magnetic field. Methods: Various additives may be used to influence the characteristics of the polymer matrix whilst a suspension of soft and/or hard magnetic particles determine the magnetic properties of the composite. Both pre-cure and post-cure magnetization is possible. Results: A range of control strategies have been investigated for evaluation of the system using fluids of differing kinematic viscosity. Conclusion: Depending on the degree of magnetic field homogeneity, magneto-deformation and magnetostriction contribute to MAP actuation. This paper presents a novel application in the form of a peristaltic MAP tube system, applicable to flow control and pumping of hemorheological fluids in blood circulatory systems for biomedical research purposes. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.benthamopen.com/ABSTRACT/TOMEJ-12-192 N1 - Corresponding authro: Gareth J. Monkman VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 192 EP - 200 PB - Bentham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Diermeier, Andreas A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Magneto-Active Polymer Actuator T2 - Actuator 16 : 15th International Conference on New Actuators & 9th International Exhibition on Smart Actuators and Drive Systems : conference proceedings N2 - Magneto-active Polymers (MAP) are closely related to magneto-rheological fluids in that they contain magnetic micro-particles. However, instead of being freely suspended in a carrier fluid they are physically bound within a highly elastic polymer-matrix. The application of an external magnetic field allows changes in the mechanical properties, such as elastic and shear moduli, of the composite material to be achieved. The colossal magneto-rheological effect has been shown to demonstrate changes in Young's modulus by over 1E6 %. Current research concentrates on controllable compliance and the resulting shape memory properties of MAP. This paper deals with recent advancements in this respect, including tubular magneto-active devices with potential applications in medical and other technology. KW - Formgedächtniseffekt KW - Kompositwerkstoff KW - Konzentrat KW - magnetisches Feld KW - magnetorheologische Flüssigkeit KW - Polymer KW - Schermodul Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-933339-26-3 SP - 286 EP - 289 PB - WFB CY - Bremen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Diermeier, Andreas A1 - Prem, Nina T1 - The magnetoactive electret JF - smart materials and structures N2 - A magnet which adheres to every surface, not only those of ferromagnetic materials, has hitherto been the domain of science fiction. Now for the first time such a novel device exists. The fusion of a permanently magnetized magnetoactive polymer containing hard magnetic particles and an electret enhanced with ferroelectric particles has resulted in the development of a new smart device-the magnetoactive electret. Magnetoactive electrets can be made to exhibit the usual magnetic properties of permanent magnetism together with the electrostatic properties of electrets. This results in simultaneous magnetoadhesion and electroadhesion forces from the same elastomeric element. The biasing field, needed to avoid discontinuities concerned with transition through the zero point in operating curves, is normally provided by means of either a magnetic or an electric field. This novel technology provides both bias options in a single device. KW - 6D printing KW - electret KW - electroadhesion KW - FLUIDS KW - MAGNETIC-FIELD KW - magnetoactive electret KW - magnetoactive polymer KW - magnetoadhesion KW - Magnetorheological elastomers KW - RHEOLOGY Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/aa738f VL - 26 IS - 7 PB - IOP Publishing ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Prem, Nina A1 - Diermeier, Andreas A1 - Szecsey, Tamara T1 - Dielectric behaviour of magnetic hybrid materials JF - Physical Sciences Reviews N2 - The objectives of this work include the analysis of electrical and magnetic properties of magneto-elastic hybrid materials with the intention of developing new techniques for sensor and actuator applications. This includes the investigation of dielectric properties at both low and high frequencies. The behaviour of capacitors whose dielectrics comprise magnetic hybrid materials is well known. Such interfacial magnetocapacitance can be varied according to magnetic content, magnetic flux density and the relative permittivity of the polymer matrix together with other dielectric content. The basic function of trapping electrical charges in polymers (electrets) is also established technology. However, the combination of magnetoactive polymers and electrets has led to the first electromagnetic device capable of adhering to almost any material, whether magnetically susceptible or not. During the course of this research, in addition to dielectrics, electrically conductive polymers based on (PDMS) matrices were developed in order to vary the electrical properties of the material in a targeted manner. In order to ensure repeatable results, this demanded new fabrication techniques hitherto unavailable. The 3D printing of silicones is far from being a mature technology and much pioneering work was necessary before extending the usual 3 d.o.f. to include orientation about and diffusion of particles in these three axes, thus leading to the concept of 6D printing. In 6D printing, the application of a magnetic field can be used during the curing process to control the particulate distribution and thus the spatial filler particle density as desired. Most of the devices (sensors and actuators) produced by such methods contain levels of carbonyl iron powder (CIP) embedded magnetic filler of up to 70 wt%. Contrary to this, a hitherto neglected research area, namely magnetoactive polymers (MAPs) having significantly lower magnetic particle concentrations (1 to 3 wt% CIP) were also investigated. With filler concentrations lower than 3 wt%, structures are formed which are completely absent at higher filler levels. CIP concentrations in the range of 1wt% demonstrate the formation of toroidal structures. Further development of coherent rings with a compact order results as filler concentrations increase towards 2 wt%. Above 3 wt% the structure eventually disintegrates to the usual random order found in traditional MAP with higher CIP content. Structured samples containing 1%–3 wt% CIP were investigated with the aid of X-ray tomography where solitary ring structures can be observed and eventually the formation of capillary doubles. Over wavelengths ranging from 1 to 25 µm, spectroscopic analysis of thin film MAP samples containing 2 wt% CIP revealed measurable magnetic-field-dependent changes in IR absorption at a wavenumber 2350 (λ = 4.255 µm). This was found to be due to the diamagnetic susceptibility of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Consequently, the first potential application for sparse matrix MAPs was found. KW - cappillary doublet KW - diamagnetic KW - elastomer dielectric KW - FTIR KW - interfacial magnetocapacitance KW - magnetoactive polymer KW - PDMS KW - toroid Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2019-0121 N1 - Corresponding author: Gareth J. Monkman VL - 7 IS - 10 SP - 1169 EP - 1185 PB - de Gruyter ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prem, Nina A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Mini-Extruder for 3D Magnetoactive Polymer Printing JF - Advances in Materials Science and Engineering N2 - This work describes the development of a new miniature extruder, essential to cavity-free 3D printing of silicone-based smart materials. This makes the 3D printing of magnetoactive and electroactive polymer soft robotic components and devices directly from CAD data possible. The special feature of such an extruder is that it is designed for use with addition-crosslinking RTV-2 silicones, including solid particulate additives. The extruder merges the respective components automatically during extrusion which obviates the need for premixing and vacuum evacuation. Problems associated with inhomogeneities and unwanted cavity production are consequently eliminated. Rheological details necessary to the design, together with some preliminary performance results, are presented. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8715718 N1 - Corresponding author: Gareth J. Monkman SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - HINDAWI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Prem, Nina A1 - Szecsey, Tamara T1 - Smart Stiction JF - Robotics & Automation Engineering Journal N2 - Soft robotics could loosely be described as the engineering science of expanded dexterity through controllable flexibility. The exploitation of controllable compliance through the judicious choice of soft flexible members, as opposed to a finite number of rigid kinematic joints, can result in greater dexterity without compromising simplicity. One example is the replacement of segmented mechanical legs with simple compliant material eruciform prolegs. To achieve this in robotics, without introducing additional mechanical joints, mobile surfaces with switchable coefficients of friction is essential. This paper explains how, using silicone based smart materials, the rapid alternation between kinematic and static friction (stiction) may be achieved. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.19080/RAEJ.2019.04.555641 N1 - Corresponding author: Gareth J. Monkman VL - 4 IS - 4 PB - Juniper Publishers ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Prem, Nina A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Structure formation in low concentration magnetoactive polymers JF - AIP advances N2 - This paper concerns recent research into the autonomous formation of micro-structures in low carbonyl iron powder (CIP) concentration magneto active polymers (MAP). Higher concentrations of CIP show an isotropic distribution of magnetic filler throughout the entire sample, while autonomous structure formation is possible at mass concentrations lower than 3%. The formation of micro-toroids commences as CIP concentration approaches 1% wt. Further development of coherent rings with a defined order follow as CIP concentrations increase toward 2% wt, whilst exceeding 3% wt leads to the same isotropic distribution found in higher concentration MAP. Structured samples containing between 1% wt and 3% wt CIP were investigated using X-Ray tomography where solitary structures could clearly be observed. The ring structures represent microinductivities whose geometries can be manipulated during fabrication. In addition, these structures are magnetic field sensitive. This is not only relevant to applications in the GHz and THz areas but recent research has revealed implications for optical, thermal, acoustic and even chemical MAP sensors. (C) 2019 Author(s). Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5079997 N1 - Corresponding author: Dirk Sindersberger VL - 9 IS - 3 PB - AIP Publishing ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Rui A1 - Zhang, Zhuo A1 - Song, Ruizhou A1 - Fang, Cheng A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Guo, Jianglong T1 - Time-dependent electroadhesive force degradation JF - Smart Materials and Structures N2 - This paper concerns a comprehensive investigation of time-dependent electroadhesion (EA) force degradation. EA shear force tests on different object materials (a PET, glass, ABS, and wood plate) have shown that force degradation was dominated by residual polarization charges trapped in the EA pad dielectric rather than in the substrate dielectric from which the object to be prehended is made. In order to explain this dynamic physical phenomenon, a model of dielectric polarization and depolarization has been proposed. According to the derived relationship between EA force and discharge time, three different methods intended to mitigate this problem has been compared: (1) the natural discharge method, (2) the high voltage resistor discharge method, and (3) the discharge prior to field polarity reversal method. These methods are useful for generating repeatable and stable EA forces, which are required for the characterization of EA pads and their subsequent employment in material handling, mobile robot crawling and climbing tasks. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/ab79b5 VL - 29 IS - 5 PB - IOP Publishing ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Henrik A1 - Straub, Benedikt B. A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Bröckel, Ulrich A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Auernhammer, Günter T1 - Collision and separation of nickel particles embedded in a Poly dimethylsiloxan matrix under a rotating magnetic field: A strong magneto active function JF - Colloid and Polymer Science N2 - In order to function as soft actuators, depending on their field of use, magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) must fulfill certain criteria. To name just a few, these can include rapid response to external magnetic fields, mechanical durability, mechanical strength, and/or large deformation. Of particular interest are MREs which produce macroscopic deformation for small external magnetic field variations. This work demonstrates how this can be achieved by just a small change in magnetic field orientation. To achieve this, (super)paramagnetic nickel particles of size ≈ 160 μm were embedded in a non-magnetic polydimethylsiloxan (PDMS) (661–1301 Pa) and their displacement in a stepwise rotated magnetic field (170 mT) recorded using a video microscope. Changes in particle aggregation resulting from very small variations in magnetic field orientation led to the observation of a new strongly magneto-active effect. This configuration is characterized by an interparticle distance in relation to the angle difference between magnetic field and particle axis. This causes a strong matrix deformation which in turn demonstrates hysteresis on relaxation. It is shown that the occurrence strongly depends on the particle size, particle distance, and stiffness of the matrix. Choosing the correct parameter combination, the state can be suppressed and the particle-matrix system demonstrates no displacement or hysteresis. In addition, evidences of non-negligible higher order magnetization effects are experimentally ascertained which is qualitatively in agreement with similar, already theoretically described, particle systems. Even at larger particle geometries, the new strongly magneto-active configuration is preserved and could create macroscopic deformation changes. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-020-04784-4 VL - 299 SP - 955 EP - 967 PB - Springer ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Prem, Nina A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Zimmermann, Klaus ED - Schlaak, Helmut T1 - Self-Sensing Electroadhesive Polymer Gripper with Magnetically Controllable Surface Geometry T2 - Actuator 2021, International Conference and Exhibition on New Actuator Systems and Applications: GMM conference, February 17-19, 2021, online event N2 - Compared to conventional end effectors, electro-adhesive grippers enable the handling of sensitive, soft or air-permeable materials [1]. The prehension force is based on a strong electric field generated by electrodes resulting in a polarisation of the dielectric and the generation of mirror charges in the workpiece. When the electrode supply voltage is deactivated, the electric field drops,but an electrostatic field remains due to remanent polarisation of the dielectric. The residual charge on the gripper surface reduces only slowly and in combination with other influencing factors can prevent the workpieces from being ejected temporarily or completely. In this work a solution to this problem is presented by means of gripper surface deforming caused by the applicat ion of a magnetic field to a magneto- active polymer (MAP) actuator. The in-creased distance between the workpiece and the dielectric enables precise and controlled ejection. In addition to compliance and deformability, the employment of soft smart materials enables the integration of self-sens-ing mechanisms for the measurement of surface deformation. The embedding of electrically conductive flexible electrodes within the soft silicone dielectric sup port such movements and serves as the n ecessary electrodes for electroadhesion. Since the implementation of the end effectoris based entirely on soft materials, the self-sensing magnetically controllable electroadhesive gripper (SMEG) can be produced in a shape deposition manufacturing (SDM) process [2], [3] and is highly applicable to the field of soft robotics. Y1 - 2021 SN - 9783800754540 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.201800222 SP - 318 EP - 320 PB - VDE VERLAG CY - Berlin; Offenbach ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Rui A1 - Song, Ruizhou A1 - Zhang, Zhuo A1 - Bai, Long A1 - Liu, Fuqiang A1 - Jiang, Pei A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Guo, Jianglong T1 - Bio-Inspired Shape-Adaptive Soft Robotic Grippers Augmented with Electroadhesion Functionality JF - Soft Robotics N2 - Soft robotic grippers (SRGs) have been extensively employed in robotic grasping and manipulation applications due to the fact that they are beneficial for pick-and-place of difficult-to-handle and delicate objects with various geometries and stiffness in a comfortable and safer way. This article presents a bio-inspired and shape-adaptive SRG augmented with electroadhesion (EA) functionality, FinEA, by a cost-effective combination of a Fin Ray structured two-fingered SRG with two soft-stretchable EA pads. The EA pads were manufactured by screen printing a layer of electrically conductive and elastomeric carbon black powder mixed with polydimethylsiloxane onto a dielectric substrate. The compliant Fin Ray fingers, composed of soft longitudinal beams and rigid cross beams, were structurally optimized by the finite element method using ABAQUS/CAE based on three key parameters: the open angle of the longitudinal beams, the spacing between the cross beams, and the incline angle of the cross beams. The soft beams were produced by a traditional soft lithography method, whereas the rigid cross beams were three-dimensionally printed. The resultant FinEA grippers were capable of lifting not only flat/thin materials without distorting them due to the employment of EA, but also concave and convex objects due to the passively shape-adaptive Fin Ray structure and the EA functionality. In addition, the proposed FinEA grippers were able to grasp delicate materials and objects whose diameters are larger than the overall gripper length. Furthermore, 65% more weight in shear were picked up by the FinEA gripper when 4 kV was applied compared with 0 V. The FinEA concept provides useful and alternative solution for controllable adhesion-based SRGs and may facilitate the inspiration and development of future SRGs with added functionality and enhanced versatility. KW - electroadhesion KW - Fin Ray structure KW - shape-adaptive KW - soft robotic grippers Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1089/soro.2018.0120 VL - 6 IS - 6 SP - 701 EP - 712 PB - Mary Ann Liebert ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Diermeier, Andreas A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Angele, Peter A1 - Kujat, Richard A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Sensor system for use with low intensity pulsed ultrasound JF - Sensor review N2 - Purpose Ultrasound is a well-established technology in medical science, though many of the conventional measurement systems (hydrophones and radiation force balances [RFBs]) often lack accuracy and tend to be expensive. This is a significant problem where sensors must be considered to be "disposable" because they inevitably come into contact with biological fluids and expense increases dramatically in cases where a large number of sensors in array form are required. This is inevitably the case where ultrasound is to be used for the in vitro growth stimulation of a large plurality of biological samples in tissue engineering. Traditionally only a single excitation frequency is used (typically 1.5 MHz), but future research demands a larger choice of wavelengths for which a single broadband measurement transducer is desirable. Furthermore, because of implementation conditions there can also be large discrepancies between measurements. The purpose of this paper deals with a very cost-effective alternative to expensive RFBs and hydrophones. Design/methodology/approach Utilization of cost-effective piezoelectric elements as broadband sensors. Findings Very effective results with equivalent (if not better) accuracy than expensive alternatives. Originality/value This paper concentrates on how very cost-effective piezoelectric ultrasound transducers can be implemented as sensors for ultrasound power measurements with accuracy as good, if not better than those achievable using radiation force balances or hydrophones. KW - BALANCE KW - Hydrophone KW - Mesenchymal stem cell KW - Piezoelectric transducer KW - Radiation force balance KW - Sensors KW - therapy KW - Tissue engineering KW - Ultrasound Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/SR-11-2018-0304 SN - 0260-2288 VL - 39 IS - 6 SP - 828 EP - 834 PB - Emerald ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Prem, Nina A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Self-assembling structure formation in low-density magnetoactive polymers JF - Journal of Applied Polymer Science N2 - The formation of microstructures in magnetoactive polymers (MAPs) is a recently discovered phenomenon found only with very low filler particle concentrations (less than 3 wt %). Due to the degassing process, filler particles collect around an ascending bubble, which dissolves at a certain point leaving particulate rings within the matrix. The formation of toroidal microstructures commences as filler concentration approaches 1 wt %. The development of coherent parallel aligned rings with a compact order continues as particle concentrations increase toward 2 wt %. Between 2 and 3 wt % capillary doublets develop, while mass percentages higher than 3% result in increasing entropy as the random order of particle agglomeration found in higher concentration MAP dominates. Self-structured samples of different filler material and concentrations between 1 and 3 wt % have been investigated using X-ray tomography, where the emerging structures can be observed and visualized. The ring structures resulting from this research represent microinductivities which can be fabricated in a targeted manner, thus enabling new applications in the high-frequency radio field. Furthermore, these anisotropic, but well-organized, structures have magnetic field-dependent implications for optical, thermal, acoustic, and medical applications. KW - composites KW - ELASTOMERS KW - magnetism and magnetic properties KW - Particle KW - PERMEABILITY KW - self-assembly KW - sensors and actuators KW - VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES KW - X-ray Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/app.48291 VL - 137 IS - 3 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Diermeier, Andreas A1 - Prem, Nina A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Printing of hybrid magneto active polymers with 6 degrees of freedom JF - Materials today communications N2 - 3D printing techniques offer a versatile method for the fabrication and structuring of magnetoactive polymer (MAP) components and devices for research prototype development. MAP materials enjoy an advantage in that the particulate content may be manipulated by external magnetic fields during the forming and curing processes. Controlled particle diffusion within the polymer matrix, by means of external fields applied during the printing process, influences a further three spatial dimensions. This permits control of the spatial particle concentration and makes free displacement of particle accumulations possible during the crosslinking phase. Particles which are susceptible to electric or magnetic fields can thereby be shifted into regions previously free of particles. The additional 3 graded dispersion axes effectively results in what can be described as 6 degrees of freedom (6DOF) printing. Electrically conductive polymers combined with non-conductive areas, provide an additional benefit for the production of complex hybrid structures. This may be augmented by the combination of magnetically active thermoplastics as inelastic structural components together with mechanically deformable elastomers. The combination of all fabrication methods in one hybrid printing process makes the production of complex sensor and actuator systems in one manufacturing sequence possible. This far exceeds the capabilities of conventional casting and machining operations and opens new possibilities for the fabrication of soft material elements. KW - 3D printing KW - Conductive polymer KW - Hybrid KW - Magnetoactive KW - Polymer Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2018.02.032 VL - 15 IS - June SP - 269 EP - 274 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk T1 - Betonfeuchtemodell für Tunnelinnenschalen in Österreich (Tunnelfeuchte) T2 - Forschungsbericht der OTH Regensburg 2016 N2 - Die Feuchtigkeit in oberflächennahen Schichten der Tunnelinnenschalen ist neben der Temperaturentwicklung und Dehnungsbehinderung maßgebend für das Abplatzverhalten der Schale im Brandfall. Die Feuchte ändert sich mit den Umgebungsbedingungen. Die Feuchteverteilungen und Änderungen über den Jahreszyklus sind derzeit weitgehend unbekannt. Um ein Modell zu entwickeln ist es notwendig anhand zuverlässiger Messdaten einen Überblick über die Feuchteverteilung in Abhängigkeit des Tunnelklimas zu bekommen. Die Messung in verschiedenen Tiefenstufen im Tunnel und in der Klimakammer erfolgt mit spezifischen Sensoren und Datenerfassungseinheiten. Die Sensoren müssen für den Einsatz im Beton richtig ausgewählt und geschützt werden. Aufbauend auf diesen realen Messdaten soll dann ein bauphysikalisches Modell entwickelt werden. Y1 - 2016 UR - https://doi.org/10.35096/othr/pub-1384 SN - 978-3-9818209-1-1 SP - 64 EP - 65 CY - Regensburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prem, Nina A1 - Chavez Vega, Jhohan Harvey A1 - Böhm, Valter A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Zimmermann, Klaus T1 - Properties of Polydimethylsiloxane and Magnetoactive Polymers with Electroconductive Particles JF - Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics N2 - Magnetoactive polymers are intelligent materials whose mechanical and electrical characteristics are reversibly influenced by external magnetic stimuli. They consist of a highly elastic polymer matrix in which magnetically soft and/or hard particles are distributed by means of special fabrication processes. In addition to ferromagnetic particles such as carbonyl iron powder, electrically conductive particles may also be embedded into the polymer matrix. After characterizing a range of compounds, this work focuses on a comparison of the electrical properties and the suitability of various materials for applications, with particular emphasis on integration into 3D and 6D printing processes. 6D printing is based on the selective positioning of particles in a 3D polymer matrix with a further three degrees of freedom for a graduated dispersion of the particles at certain points and in desired directions. The aim is therefore to ensure that the polymers containing electroconductive tracks have the best possible electrical properties, that is, low resistivity but are still capable of being printed. A comparison between the traditionally used compounds containing graphite and carbon black is made for the first time. This latter is found to be greatly superior both in terms of electrical conductivity and applicability to 3D printing and 6D printing. KW - 3D printing KW - 6D printing KW - carbon black KW - composites KW - electroconductive particles KW - graphite KW - magnetoactive polymers KW - polydimethylsiloxane KW - STRAIN, *MRU Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.201800222 VL - 219 IS - 18 PB - Wiley ER - TY - INPR A1 - Malz, Sebastian A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Steffens, Oliver A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - Determination of the Water Content within Tunnel Linings to Assess Fire Safety T2 - SSRN Electronic Journal N2 - Fires in tunnels are known to lead to explosive spalling of the tunnel linings, mainly due to rapid expansion of water as a result of vaporization in the concrete. In order to determine water content and assess fire safety within tunnel linings a novel measurement system has been developed. The development process includes the calibration of the sensor system via both direct and indirect approaches. This work compares both calibration methods and shows the differences that can occur due to measurement uncertainty. This work presents the measured water content within the Inntal tunnel, Austria as a representative tunnel from a total of four investigated tunnels. The obtained water content is compared to that found in the literature, and recommendations for practical work in terms of fire safety is given. KW - tunnel inner lining KW - water content KW - moisture sensor KW - moisture measurement KW - Fire safety KW - concrete spalling Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4390700 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Klaus A1 - Böhm, Valter A1 - Becker T.I., A1 - Chavez Vega, Jhohan Harvey A1 - Kaufhold, Tobias A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Diermeier, Andreas A1 - Prem, Nina T1 - Mechanical Characterization of the Field-Dependent Properties of Magnetoactive Polymers and Integrated Electrets for their Application in Soft Robotics JF - International Scientific Journal "Problems of Mechanics" Y1 - 2017 SN - 1512-0740 VL - 69 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mauerer, Wolfgang A1 - Rexhepaj, Tanja A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Diermeier, Andreas A1 - Neidhart, Thomas A1 - Wolfrum, Dominik A1 - Sterner, Michael A1 - Heberl, Michael A1 - Nusko, Robert A1 - Maier, Georg A1 - Nagl, Klaus A1 - Reuter, Monika A1 - Hofrichter, Andreas A1 - Lex, Thomas A1 - Lesch, Florian A1 - Kieninger, Bärbel A1 - Szalo, Alexander Eduard A1 - Zehner, Alexander A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Joblin, Mitchell A1 - Apel, Sven A1 - Ramsauer, Ralf A1 - Lohmann, Daniel A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Strasser, Artur A1 - Munndi, Maximilian A1 - Ebner, Lena A1 - Elsner, Michael A1 - Weiß, Nils A1 - Segerer, Matthias A1 - Hackenberg, Rudolf A1 - Steger, Sebastian A1 - Schmailzl, Anton A1 - Dostalek, Michael A1 - Armbruster, Dominik A1 - Koch, Fabian A1 - Hierl, Stefan A1 - Thumann, Philipp A1 - Swidergal, Krzysztof A1 - Wagner, Marcus A1 - Briem, Ulrich A1 - Diermeier, Andreas A1 - Spreitzer, Stefan A1 - Beiderbeck, Sabrina A1 - Hook, Christian A1 - Zobel, Martin A1 - Weber, Tim A1 - Groß, Simon A1 - Penzkofer, Rainer A1 - Dendorfer, Sebastian A1 - Schillitz, Ingo A1 - Bauer, Thomas A1 - Rudolph, Clarissa A1 - Schmidt, Katja A1 - Liebetruth, Thomas A1 - Hamer, Markus A1 - Haug, Sonja A1 - Vernim, Matthias A1 - Weber, Karsten A1 - Saßmannshausen, Sean Patrick A1 - Books, Sebastian A1 - Neuleitner, Nikolaus A1 - Rechenauer, Christian A1 - Steffens, Oliver A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Gömmel, Roland A1 - Wellnitz, Felix A1 - Stierstorfer, Johannes A1 - Stadler, Dominik A1 - Hofmann, Matthias J. A1 - Motschmann, Hubert A1 - Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail A1 - Bleicher, Veronika A1 - Fischer, Sebastian A1 - Hackenberg, Rudolf A1 - Horn, Anton A1 - Kawasch, Raphael A1 - Petzenhauser, Michael A1 - Probst, Tobias A1 - Udalzow, Anton A1 - Dams, Florian A1 - Schreiner, Rupert A1 - Langer, Christoph A1 - Prommesberger, Christian A1 - Ławrowski, Robert Damian ED - Baier, Wolfgang T1 - Forschungsbericht 2016 T3 - Forschungsberichte der OTH Regensburg - 2016 Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-13840 CY - Regensburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Metsch, P. A1 - Schmidt, Henrik A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Kalina, K. A. A1 - Brummund, J. A1 - Auernhammer, Günter A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Kästner, Markus T1 - Field-Induced Interactions in Magneto-Active Elastomers BT - A Comparison of Experiments and Simulations JF - Smart Materials and Structures N2 - In this contribution, field-induced interactions of magnetizable particles embedded into a soft elastomer matrix are analyzed with regard to the resulting mechanical deformations. By comparing experiments for two-, three- and four-particle systems with the results of finite element simulations, a fully coupled continuum model for magneto-active elastomers is validated with the help of real data for the first time. The model under consideration permits the investigation of magneto-active elastomers with arbitrary particle distances, shapes and volume fractions as well as magnetic and mechanical properties of the individual constituents. It thus represents a basis for future studies on more complex, realistic systems. Our results show a very good agreement between experiments and numerical simulations—the deformation behavior of all systems is captured by the model qualitatively as well as quantitatively. Within a sensitivity analysis, the influence of the initial particle positions on the systems' response is examined. Furthermore, a comparison of the full three-dimensional model with the often used, simplified two-dimensional approach shows the typical overestimation of resulting interactions in magneto-active elastomers. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/ab92dc N1 - Corrigendum: Field-induced interactions in magneto-active elastomers—a comparison of experiments and simulations (2020 Smart Mater. Struct. 29 085026); https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/abb98b VL - 29 IS - 8 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - IOPscience ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Klaus A1 - Chavez Vega, Jhohan Harvey A1 - Becker, Tatiana I. A1 - Witte, Hartmut A1 - Schilling, Cornelius A1 - Köhring, Sebastian A1 - Böhm, Valter A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Prem, Nina A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Lutz, I. I. A1 - Merker, Lukas T1 - An approach to a form-adaptive compliant gripper element based on magneto-sensitive elastomers with a bioinspired sensorized surface JF - Problems of Mechanics Y1 - 2019 SN - 1512-0740 VL - 75 IS - 2 SP - 23 EP - 38 PB - Georgian Technical University CY - Tbilisi ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Broser, Christian A1 - Falter, Thomas A1 - Ławrowski, Robert Damian A1 - Altenbuchner, Amelie A1 - Vögele, Daniel A1 - Koss, Claus A1 - Schlamp, Matthias A1 - Dunnweber, Jan A1 - Steffens, Oliver A1 - Heckner, Markus A1 - Jaritz, Sabine A1 - Schiegl, Thomas A1 - Corsten, Sabine A1 - Lauer, Norina A1 - Guertler, Katherine A1 - Koenig, Eric A1 - Haug, Sonja A1 - Huber, Dominik A1 - Birkenmaier, Clemens A1 - Krenkel, Lars A1 - Wagner, Thomas A1 - Justus, Xenia A1 - Saßmannshausen, Sean Patrick A1 - Kleine, Nadine A1 - Weber, Karsten A1 - Braun, Carina N. A1 - Giacoppo, Giuliano A1 - Heinrich, Michael A1 - Just, Tobias A1 - Schreck, Thomas A1 - Schnabl, Andreas A1 - Gilmore, Amador Téran A1 - Roeslin, Samuel A1 - Schmid, Sandra A1 - Wellnitz, Felix A1 - Malz, Sebastian A1 - Maurial, Andreas A1 - Hauser, Florian A1 - Mottok, Jürgen A1 - Klettke, Meike A1 - Scherzinger, Stefanie A1 - Störl, Uta A1 - Heckner, Markus A1 - Bazo, Alexander A1 - Wolff, Christian A1 - Kopper, Andreas A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Pongratz, Christian A1 - Ehrlich, Ingo A1 - Briem, Ulrich A1 - Hederer, Sebastian A1 - Wagner, Marcus A1 - Schillinger, Moritz A1 - Görlach, Julien A1 - Hierl, Stefan A1 - Siegl, Marco A1 - Langer, Christoph A1 - Hausladen, Matthias A1 - Schreiner, Rupert A1 - Haslbeck, Matthias A1 - Kreuzer, Reinhard A1 - Brückl, Oliver A1 - Dawoud, Belal A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Gamisch, Bernd A1 - Schmidt, Ottfried A1 - Heberl, Michael A1 - Gänsbauer, Bianca A1 - Bick, Werner A1 - Ellermeier, Andreas A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Prem, Nina A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Tschurtschenthaler, Karl A1 - Aurbach, Maximilian A1 - Dendorfer, Sebastian A1 - Betz, Michael A. A1 - Szecsey, Tamara A1 - Mauerer, Wolfgang A1 - Murr, Florian ED - Baier, Wolfgang T1 - Forschung 2018 T3 - Forschungsberichte der OTH Regensburg - 2018 KW - Forschung KW - Forschungsbericht Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-13826 SN - 978-3-9818209-5-9 CY - Regensburg ER -