TY - JOUR A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Diermeier, Andreas A1 - Prem, Nina A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Printing of hybrid magneto active polymers with 6 degrees of freedom JF - Materials today communications N2 - 3D printing techniques offer a versatile method for the fabrication and structuring of magnetoactive polymer (MAP) components and devices for research prototype development. MAP materials enjoy an advantage in that the particulate content may be manipulated by external magnetic fields during the forming and curing processes. Controlled particle diffusion within the polymer matrix, by means of external fields applied during the printing process, influences a further three spatial dimensions. This permits control of the spatial particle concentration and makes free displacement of particle accumulations possible during the crosslinking phase. Particles which are susceptible to electric or magnetic fields can thereby be shifted into regions previously free of particles. The additional 3 graded dispersion axes effectively results in what can be described as 6 degrees of freedom (6DOF) printing. Electrically conductive polymers combined with non-conductive areas, provide an additional benefit for the production of complex hybrid structures. This may be augmented by the combination of magnetically active thermoplastics as inelastic structural components together with mechanically deformable elastomers. The combination of all fabrication methods in one hybrid printing process makes the production of complex sensor and actuator systems in one manufacturing sequence possible. This far exceeds the capabilities of conventional casting and machining operations and opens new possibilities for the fabrication of soft material elements. KW - 3D printing KW - Conductive polymer KW - Hybrid KW - Magnetoactive KW - Polymer Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2018.02.032 VL - 15 IS - June SP - 269 EP - 274 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stoll, Andrea A1 - Mayer, Matthias A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail T1 - Evaluation of highly compliant magneto-active elastomers with colossal magnetorheological response JF - Journal of applied polymer science N2 - Highly compliant elastomers with a shear storage modulus as low as 25 Pa are prepared using commercially available silicone, plasticizer, and tactile mutator silicone additive. They are used as matrix material for magneto-active elastomers (MAEs) with carbonyl iron contents between 0 and 85 wt %. In the absence of an external magnetic field, the storage modulus of MAEs based on two selected mixtures ranges between ~100 Pa and ~2000 Pa. Addition of a mutator to the matrix mixture results in a long post-cure period depending on the curing temperature and the initial mixture. In the presence of a magnetic field, the presented MAEs exhibit a strong magneto-induced change in storage modulus resulting in a colossal magnetorheological effect of >106 % which is ~30 times higher than previously reported values. The results are of interest in applications using such elastomers as cell substrates with magnetically tunable rigidity. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/app.39793 SN - 1097-4628 SN - 0021-8995 PB - Wiley CY - New York, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Füchtmeier, Bernd A1 - Egersdoerfer, Stefan A1 - Mai, Ronny A1 - Hente, Rainer A1 - Dragoi, Daniel A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Nerlich, Michael T1 - Reduction of femoral shaft fractures in vitro by a new developed reduction robot system "RepoRobo" JF - Injury N2 - Closed reduction of the long bones is associated with the use of considerable force. This force must be maintained for the reduction maneuver and fixation process. At present, apart from the extension table or the large AO distractor, only rather inadequate reduction aids are available. A solution to this problem is being sought in the form of a robotic system with which precision can be improved and the holding effort reduced. In the research project presented here, a synthetic femur with integrated tensioned mainspring and a 32-A3 type fracture served as a bone reduction model. The fracture was stabilized with a standard AO fixator. A Stäubli robot (model RX130) was converted by appropriate modification so that it could be used for the reduction of femoral shaft fractures in vitro. The robot was equipped with a pneumatic 2-fingered gripper, on which the fingers have been modified so that they can grip the AO fixator clamp. A Force-Feedback-Sensor was inserted between the gripper and the robot to obtain online recordings of the forces and moments in all three axes. With this setup it is possible to achieve precise reduction of the fracture in all planes under visual control. KW - Fracture reduction KW - reduction robot KW - RepoRobo Y1 - 2004 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2004.05.019 SN - 1879-0267 SN - 0020-1383 VL - 35 IS - 1, Supplement SP - 113 EP - 119 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Advances in Shape Memory Polymer Actuation JF - Mechatronics N2 - Shape memory materials fulfill an important role in both actuation and mechanical coupling between actuators and associated dynamic systems. The simplest techniques are thermally based and in addition to the more common shape memory alloys there are also shape memory polymers. These have similar characteristics to those of their metallic cousins, but there the relationship stops. The basic physical principles are very different and this paper attempts to outline the current state-of-the-art to those already involved with the technology and perhaps open a fresh chapter in smart materials to those who are new to it. Y1 - 2000 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0957-4158(99)00068-9 SN - 1873-4006 SN - 0957-4158 VL - 10 IS - 4/5 SP - 489 EP - 498 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Precise Piezoelectric Prehension JF - Industrial Robot N2 - Piezoelectric actuators are well established for use in expensive optical equipment. Within the last decade, relatively inexpensive piezoelectric actuators have become established technology in pneumatic switching and the first piezoelectrically driven impactive robot grippers are just starting to emerge. Although this article concentrates largely on the use of piezoelectric actuators for use in robot gripping systems, the potential for applications outside this field is immense. KW - Piezoelectric actuators KW - Robots KW - Grippers KW - Nanotechnology Y1 - 2000 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/01439910010371605 SN - 0143-991x VL - 27 IS - 3 SP - 189 EP - 194 PB - MCB University Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Workpiece Retention during Machine Processing JF - Assembly Automation N2 - Discusses the failings of conventional fixturing systems such as jigs and clamps and describes how electrorheological fluids can be used for flexible fixturing and workpiece retention. KW - Grippers KW - Rheology Y1 - 2001 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/01445150110381754 SN - 1758-4078 SN - 0144-5154 VL - 21 IS - 1 SP - 61 EP - 67 PB - Emerald CY - Bringley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Special Issue on Miniature Actuators JF - Mechatronics Y1 - 2000 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0957-4158(99)00061-6 VL - 10 IS - 4/5 SP - 429 EP - 430 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Auswirkungen der Mechatronik auf die Entwicklungsmethodik T2 - Mechatronik Forum, OTTI, Handelskammer Regensburg, 25.-26. Oktober 2000 Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreitmeier, Florian A1 - Schulz, Irene A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail A1 - Fetisov, Yuri K. A1 - Chashin, Dmitri V. A1 - Fetisov, Leonid Y. T1 - Observation of Nonlinear Magnetoelectric Response to Magnetic Pulses in Layered Magnetostrictive-Piezoelectric Structures N2 - A detailed experimental study of the magnetoelectric response of planar bi- and symmetric trilayer composite structures to magnetic field pulses is reported. The structures consist of layers of commercially available piezoelectric (lead zirconate titanate) and magnetostrictive (permendur or nickel) materials. The magnetic-field pulses have the form of a half-wave sine function with duration of 450 μs and amplitude from 500 Oe up to 38 kOe. The measurement method is explained and the measured time dependence of the resulting voltage is presented. The most interesting case, when pulse amplitudes are sufficiently large (~ 1-10 kOe) and various types of acoustic oscillation with frequencies much larger than the reciprocal pulse length are excited in the structures, is considered. The dependencies of the magnetoelectric voltage coefficient on the excitation frequency and the applied magnetic field are calculated. By digital signal processing the results are compared with those obtained by the method of harmonic field modulation (HFM). The findings are of interest for developing magnetoelectric sensors for pulsed magnetic fields as well as for rapid characterization of magnetoelectric composite structures. T2 - Proceedings of 2012 21st IEEE ISAF held jointly with 11th IEEE ECAPD and IEEE PFM (ISAF/ECAPD/PFM), 9th-13th of July 2012, Aveiro, Portugal KW - composite materials KW - magnetoelectric effect KW - magnetoelectric sensors KW - magnetostriction KW - piezoelectricity KW - magnetic field pulse Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAF.2012.6297739 PB - IEEE ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hirmer, Marion A1 - Danilov, Sergey N. A1 - Giglberger, Stephan A1 - Putzger, Jürgen A1 - Niklas, Andreas A1 - Jäger, Andreas A1 - Hiller, Karl-Anton A1 - Schmalz, Gottfried A1 - Redlich, Britta A1 - Schulz, Irene A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Ganichev, Sergey D. T1 - Spectroscopic Study of Human Teeth and Blood from Visible to Terahertz Frequencies for Clinical Diagnosis of Dental Pulp Vitality JF - Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves N2 - Transmission spectra of wet human teeth and dentin slices, together with blood of different flow rates were investigated. The measurements carried out over a wide spectral range, from visible light down to terahertz radiation. The results make it possible to find the optimum light frequency for an all-optical determination of pulpal blood flow and, consequently, for clinically diagnosis of tooth vitality. KW - Infrared and terahertz transmission KW - Dentin KW - Lentic or flowing blood KW - Dental pulp vitality Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-012-9872-3 SN - 1866-6906 VL - 33 SP - 366 EP - 375 PB - Springer ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schulz, Irene A1 - Putzger, Jürgen A1 - Niklas, Andreas A1 - Brandt, M. A1 - Jäger, Andreas A1 - Hardt, A. A1 - Knörzer, S. A1 - Hiller, Karl-Anton A1 - Löffler, S. A1 - Schmalz, Gottfried A1 - Danilov, Sergey N. A1 - Giglberger, Stephan A1 - Hirmer, Marion A1 - Ganichev, Sergey D. A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - PPG signal acquisition and analysis on in vitro tooth model for dental pulp vitality assessmen T2 - 2nd Applied Research Conference 2012 (ARC 2012), 25./26. June 2012, Nuremberg Y1 - 2012 SP - 142 EP - 146 PB - Shaker-Verlag CY - Aachen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zappa, O. A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Egersdörfer, Stefan A1 - Datzer, G. A1 - Kahled, W. A1 - Böse, Holger A1 - Tunayar, A. T1 - High Voltage Switching using Bulk GaAs T2 - Actuator 2004 : 9th International Conference on New Actuators & 3rd International Exhibition on Smart Actuators and Drive Systems, 14-16 June 2004, Bremen, Germany Y1 - 2004 PB - HVG Hanseatische Veranstaltungs-GmbH CY - Bremen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Sensors and Actuators in Automation T2 - Ostbayerisches Fachforum für Mechatronik, Roding, 16. März 2001 Y1 - 2001 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Electroadhesive Microgrippers JF - Assembly Automation Y1 - 2003 VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - 326 EP - 330 PB - MCB University Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Petchartee, Somrak A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Optimisation of Prehension Force through Tactile Sensing JF - Industrial Robot N2 - Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze surface deformations caused by shear and moment forces on tactile materials and present a method to detect and reduce the risk of slippage by controlling the normal force as measured by tactile sensor arrays. Design/methodology/approach A predictive model has been proposed which uses a basic method adapted to real applications in grasp optimization. Prevention of premature release with minimum prehension force is addressed without the need to measure the coefficient of friction between object and robot gripper. Predictive models have been used to develop a set of rules which predict the pre‐slip based on fluctuations in tactile signal data. Findings The tactile sensors can be used in a “nonlinear” manner during manipulation tasks. When the gripper finger first makes contact with an object, the stress distribution under the finger skin varies rapidly. Predictive models have been used to develop a set of rules which predict the pre‐slip based on fluctuations in tactile signal data. Pre‐slip at the contact area just prior to object movement produces rapid but detectable stress transients. Originality/value Tactile sensors do not measure stress generated by a contact with an object directly, but instead measure strain in an interposed compliant, polymeric medium intended for sensor protection and prehension assistance. Reliable detection of pre‐slip has hitherto eluded researchers using such tactile techniques. KW - Sensors KW - Tactile sensors Y1 - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/01439910810876454 VL - 35 IS - 4 SP - 361 EP - 368 PB - MCB Univ. Press CY - Bradford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Petchartee, Somrak A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Suebsromran, Anan ED - Mukhopadhyay, S.C. ED - Gupta, G.S. T1 - 3D-Shape Recognition based Tactile Sensor T2 - Smart Sensors and Sensing Technology N2 - A surface recognition algorithm capable of determining contact surfaces types by means of tactile sensor fusion is proposed. The authors present a recognition processes for 3-dimensional deformations in a 2-dimensional parametric domain. Tactile information is extracted by physical contact with a grasped object through a sensing medium. Information is obtained directly at the interface between the object and the sensing device and relates to three-dimensional position and orientation of the object in the presence of noise. The technique called “eigenvalue trajectory analysis”, is introduced and adopted for specifying the margin of classification and classification thresholds. The authors demonstrate mathematically that this approach, which complements existing work, offers significant computational advantages when applied to challenging contact scenarios such as dynamic recognition of contact deformations. Y1 - 2008 SN - 978-3-540-79589-6 SN - 978-3-540-79590-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79590-2_21 SP - 317 EP - 332 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ; Heidelberg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Petchartee, Somrak A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - 3D-Shape Recognition based Tactile Sensor T2 - ICST 2007, Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Sensing Technology : Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, November 26 - 28, 2007 Y1 - 2007 SP - 56 EP - 61 PB - Inst. of Information Sciences and Techn., Massey Univ. CY - Palmerston ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Petchartee, Somrak A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Pre-slip Sensing through Tactile Sensing JF - Sensors & Transducers Y1 - 2008 UR - https://www.sensorsportal.com/HTML/DIGEST/P_SI_48.htm SN - 1726-5479 VL - 90 IS - 4, Special Issue SP - 310 EP - 324 PB - International Frequency Sensor Association (IFSA) ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schumm, M. A1 - Schwarz, E. A1 - Wahler, D. A1 - Jayaprakash, S. N. A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - The Trilopede T2 - Informatics Microsystems Information Systems Preceedings Y1 - 2012 VL - 1 IS - 1 PB - Moscow State Technical University ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Petchartee, Somrak A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Contact Identification using Tactile Arrays T2 - Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT 2007), 15.-18.12.2007, Giza, Egypt N2 - The proposed method allows a robot to quantify tactile recognition of grasped objects. The responses by the robot are matched by randomly introducing objects following the completion of tactile sensor based training phases on 4 specific objects. The reproduction of the robotic contact identification is accomplished by matching threshold values of the smallest eigenvalue of the Quadric surface - called the eigenvalue trajectory. Once the grasped objects are introduced to the 2-fingered robot hand, the eigenvalue trajectory of contact surfaces are calculated by the system. Calculations are based on the degree of similarity of the characteristics between the newly received and previously trained tactile data. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm allows a successful quantification of robotic contact recognition and the accomplishment of high levels of accuracy in contact identification. These results confirm that the proposed method is useful for identifying contact surfaces based on tactile sensor data. KW - Touch recognition KW - contact classification KW - tactile sensor Y1 - 2007 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSPIT.2007.4458144 SP - 1121 EP - 1126 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Petchartee, Somrak A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Contact Classification using Tactile Arrays T2 - 2007 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information (ISSNIP), 3, 03.-06.12.2007, Melbourne, VIC, Australia N2 - This paper proposed a contact recognition algorithm capable of determining contact surfaces types by tactile sensor fusion. This algorithm can recognize grasped objects using a 2- fingered robot hand, on which tactile sensors are mounted. Experiments have demonstrated reliable surface classification and accurate transformation independent of object shape and orientation. The contribution of this paper regards the relations between a surface and the points cloud defining it. Particularly, we investigate on the possibility that there is some intrinsic feature of a points cloud under quadric surface, allowing us to discriminate or classify a dataset defining a surface from the acquisition noise. KW - manipulators KW - objec recognition KW - sensor arrays KW - signal classification KW - tactile sensors Y1 - 2007 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSNIP.2007.4496848 SP - 227 EP - 232 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Petchartee, Somrak A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Contact Recognition using Tactile Sensor JF - Annals Universitaria Craiova-Series: Automation, Computers, Electronics and Mechatronics N2 - The surface recognition algorithm that determines the types of contact surfacesby fusing information collected by the tactile sensor system is proposed. The tactilesystem will be determined from the shape of the object image which can then becharacterized using the mathematical properties of Quadric surface. This algorithm canrecognize 3-D objects using a 2-fingered robot gripper, on which tactile sensors aremounted. Experiments have demonstrated the reliability of the surface classificationmethod and the accuracy of transformations independent of an object’s shape, translationand rotation. Y1 - 2007 UR - https://www.academia.edu/1204885/CONTACT_RECOGNITION_USING_TACTILE_SENSOR VL - 4 (31) IS - 2 SP - 103 EP - 108 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Petchartee, Somrak A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Optimisation of Prehension Force through Tactile Sensing JF - Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Y1 - 2007 SN - 2289-8107 PB - Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Petchartee, Somrak A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Contact Recognition through Tactile Sensing JF - ACTA Universitatis Apulensis; Seria Mathematics-Informatics Y1 - 2007 SN - 1582-5329 PB - Department of Mathematics and Informatics CY - Alba Iulia ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Petchartee, Somrak A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Contact Recognition using Tactile Sensor T2 - Proc. International Symposium on System Theory, Automation, Robotics, Computers, Informatics, Electronics and Instrumentation (SINTES13), Romania Y1 - 2007 SP - 285 EP - 290 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Petchartee, Somrak A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Pre-slip detection based Tactile Sensing T2 - Proc. 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP 2007), Melbourne Y1 - 2007 SP - 233 EP - 238 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Petchartee, Somrak A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Contact classification using tactile arrays T2 - Proc. International Conference on Engineering & ICT 2007 (ICEI 2007), 27th to 29th November 2007, Malacca, Malaysia Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Petchartee, Somrak A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Optimisation of Prehension Force through Tactile Sensing T2 - Proc. International Conference on Engineering & ICT 2007 (ICEI 2007), Malaysia Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Petchartee, Somrak A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Slip Prediction through Tactile Sensing JF - Sensors & Transducers N2 - This paper introduces a new way to predict contact slip using a resistive tactile sensor. The prototype sensor can be used to provide intrinsic information relating to geometrical features situated on the surface of grasped objects. Information along the gripper finger surface is obtained with a measurement resolution dependant on the number of discrete tactile elements. The tactile sensor predicts the partial slip of a tactile surface by sensing micro vibrations in tangential forces which are caused by an expansion of the slip regions within the contact area. The location of the local slip is not specified but its occurrence can be predicted immediately following micro vibration detection. Predictive models have been used to develop a set of rules which predict the slip based on fluctuations in tactile signal data.   Y1 - 2007 UR - https://www.sensorsportal.com/HTML/DIGEST/march_08/Special_Issue_Vol_90/P_SI_48.pdf SN - 1726-5479 VL - 90 IS - Special Issue April 2008 SP - 310 EP - 324 PB - International Frequency Sensor Association, IFSA ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Egersdörfer, Stefan A1 - Schumm, M. A1 - Kessler, C. A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Böse, Holger T1 - Smart Fluids für die Schnittstelle Mensch-Maschine der Zukunft T2 - International Mechatronik Forum, Linz Y1 - 2006 SP - 421 EP - 428 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Heckner, T. A1 - Straka, M. A1 - Schubert, A. A1 - Petchartee, Somrak A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Entwicklung eines Navigationssystems für autonome mobile Robotersysteme T2 - International Mechatronik Forum, Linz Y1 - 2006 SP - 520 EP - 527 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hesse, Stefan A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Steinmann, Ralf A1 - Schunk, Henrik T1 - Robotergreifer BT - Funktion, Gestaltung und Anwendung industrieller Greiftechnik Y1 - 2004 SN - 978-3-446-22920-4 SN - 3-446-22920-5 PB - Hanser CY - München ; Wien ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Petchartee, Somrak A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Pre-slip sensing using tactile sensor T2 - Proceedings / SINTES 13, International Symposium on Systems Theory, Automation, Robotics, Computers, Informatics, Electronics and Instrumentation, October 18 - 20, 2007, Craiova - Romania Y1 - 2007 SP - 279 EP - 284 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Petchartee, Somrak A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Pre-slip sensing using tactile sensor JF - Annals Universitaria Criaiova-Series: Automation, Computers, Electronics and Mechatronics Y1 - 2007 VL - 4 (31) IS - 2 SP - 109 EP - 114 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Petchartee, Somrak A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Pre-slip Sensing through Tactile Sensing T2 - Proc. 2nd International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST 2007), New Zealand Y1 - 2007 SP - 62 EP - 67 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prem, Nina A1 - Chavez Vega, Jhohan Harvey A1 - Böhm, Valter A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Zimmermann, Klaus T1 - Properties of Polydimethylsiloxane and Magnetoactive Polymers with Electroconductive Particles JF - Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics N2 - Magnetoactive polymers are intelligent materials whose mechanical and electrical characteristics are reversibly influenced by external magnetic stimuli. They consist of a highly elastic polymer matrix in which magnetically soft and/or hard particles are distributed by means of special fabrication processes. In addition to ferromagnetic particles such as carbonyl iron powder, electrically conductive particles may also be embedded into the polymer matrix. After characterizing a range of compounds, this work focuses on a comparison of the electrical properties and the suitability of various materials for applications, with particular emphasis on integration into 3D and 6D printing processes. 6D printing is based on the selective positioning of particles in a 3D polymer matrix with a further three degrees of freedom for a graduated dispersion of the particles at certain points and in desired directions. The aim is therefore to ensure that the polymers containing electroconductive tracks have the best possible electrical properties, that is, low resistivity but are still capable of being printed. A comparison between the traditionally used compounds containing graphite and carbon black is made for the first time. This latter is found to be greatly superior both in terms of electrical conductivity and applicability to 3D printing and 6D printing. KW - 3D printing KW - 6D printing KW - carbon black KW - composites KW - electroconductive particles KW - graphite KW - magnetoactive polymers KW - polydimethylsiloxane KW - STRAIN, *MRU Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.201800222 VL - 219 IS - 18 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartsch, Alexander A1 - Beham, Daniela A1 - Gebhardt, Jakob A1 - Ehrlich, Ingo A1 - Schratzenstaller, Thomas A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Mechanical Properties of NdPrFeB Based Magnetoactive Bisphenol-Free Boron-Silicate Polymers JF - Journal of Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology N2 - Following a ban on many materials containing bisphenol-A, new bisphenol-free Boron silicates have been found as substitutes. The purpose of this study is to describe the mechanical properties of these bisphenol-free magnetoactive borosilicate polymers containing hard magnetic particles. Samples of 0%, 33% and 66% by wt. were loaded for compression using a universal testing machine. The maximum forces occurring for different travel speeds were compared before and after post-magnetization treatments. The post-magnetization included 2 stages. In addition, the change in mechanical properties within 24 hours after the post-magnetization process was investigated. Furthermore, the influence of speed and particle content were investigated. In general, there is a correlation between the required compressive force and, the level of post-magnetization stress, the increase in travel speed and particle content in the boron silicate. Comparison of the non-post-magnetized and post-magnetized samples using two-tailed t-tests shows that the p-values for all weight fraction changes in NdPrFeB particles and travel speeds are less than 0.001. Also, a comparison between tests in which the traverse speed was varied also showed significant changes in the resulting compression forces. The same is valid for changes in the weight ratio of the NdPrFeB particles in the samples. For post-magnetized samples, no significant difference can be observed in the first 24 hours following magnetization. In summary, the material presents viscoelastic, plastic force-displacement behavior, which can be well recognized by its bi-linear curve shape. The investigation shows that borosilicate polymers based on NdPrFeB can have their mechanical behavior modified and controlled by post-magnetization processes. This opens new possibilities for many future applications. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-67425 UR - https://www.walshmedicalmedia.com/open-access/mechanical-properties-of-ndprfeb-based-magnetoactive-bisphenolfree-boronsilicate-polymers-124385.html SN - 2157-7439 N1 - Corresponding author: Alexander Bartsch VL - 14 IS - 6 PB - Walsh Medical Media ER - TY - INPR A1 - Malz, Sebastian A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Steffens, Oliver A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - Determination of the Water Content within Tunnel Linings to Assess Fire Safety T2 - SSRN Electronic Journal N2 - Fires in tunnels are known to lead to explosive spalling of the tunnel linings, mainly due to rapid expansion of water as a result of vaporization in the concrete. In order to determine water content and assess fire safety within tunnel linings a novel measurement system has been developed. The development process includes the calibration of the sensor system via both direct and indirect approaches. This work compares both calibration methods and shows the differences that can occur due to measurement uncertainty. This work presents the measured water content within the Inntal tunnel, Austria as a representative tunnel from a total of four investigated tunnels. The obtained water content is compared to that found in the literature, and recommendations for practical work in terms of fire safety is given. KW - tunnel inner lining KW - water content KW - moisture sensor KW - moisture measurement KW - Fire safety KW - concrete spalling Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4390700 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knörzer, S. A1 - Hiller, Karl-Anton A1 - Brandt, M. A1 - Niklas, Andreas A1 - Putzger, Jürgen A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Danilov, Sergey N. A1 - Ganichev, Sergey D. A1 - Schulz, Irene A1 - Schmalz, Gottfried T1 - Detection of pulsed blood flow through a molar pulp chamber and surrounding tissue in vitro JF - Journal of Clinical Oral Investigations N2 - OBJECTIVES Due to severe limitations of dental pulp sensitivity tests, the direct recording of pulsed blood flow, using photoplethysmography (PPG), has been proposed. In vivo evaluation is methodologically difficult and in vitro models have hitherto been adversely influenced by shortcomings in emulating the in vivo situation. Consequently, the aim of this study was to test an improved data acquisition system and to use this configuration for recording pulsed blood in a new model. MATERIALS AND METHODS We introduced a PPG signal detection system by recording signals under different blood flow conditions at two wavelengths (625 and 940 nm). Pulsed blood flow signals were measured using an in vitro model, containing a molar with a glass pulp and a resin socket, which closely resembled in vivo conditions with regard to volumetric blood flow, pulp anatomy, and surrounding tissue. RESULTS The detection system showed improved signal strength without stronger blanketing of noise. On the tooth surface, it was possible to detect signals emanating from pulsed blood flow from the glass pulp and from surrounding tissue at 625 nm. At 940 nm, pulp derived signals were recorded, without interference signals from surrounding tissue. CONCLUSION The PPG-based method has the potential to detect pulsed blood flow in small volumes in the pulp and (at 625 nm) also in adjacent tissues. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results show the need for clear differentiation of the spatial origins of blood flow signals of any vitality test method to be applied to teeth. KW - Dental Pulp KW - Dental Pulp Cavity KW - Dental Pulp Test KW - Laser-Doppler Flowmetry KW - Molar Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2530-y VL - 23 IS - 3 SP - 1121 EP - 1132 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Klaus A1 - Böhm, Valter A1 - Becker T.I., A1 - Chavez Vega, Jhohan Harvey A1 - Kaufhold, Tobias A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Diermeier, Andreas A1 - Prem, Nina T1 - Mechanical Characterization of the Field-Dependent Properties of Magnetoactive Polymers and Integrated Electrets for their Application in Soft Robotics JF - International Scientific Journal "Problems of Mechanics" Y1 - 2017 SN - 1512-0740 VL - 69 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lautenschläger, Toni A1 - Leis, Alexander A1 - Dendorfer, Sebastian A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Schreiner, Rupert A1 - Langer, Christoph A1 - Prommesberger, Christian A1 - Ławrowski, Robert Damian A1 - Dams, Florian A1 - Bornmann, Benjamin A1 - Navitski, Aliaksandr A1 - Serbun, Pavel A1 - Müller, Günter A1 - Liebetruth, Thomas A1 - Kohlert, Dieter A1 - Pernsteiner, Jochen A1 - Schreier, Franz A1 - Heerklotz, Sabrina A1 - Heerklotz, Allwin A1 - Boos, Alexander A1 - Herwald, Dominik A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Treiber, Daniel A1 - Mayer, Matthias A1 - Hörner, Eva A1 - Bentz, Alexander A1 - Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail A1 - Johansen, Søren Peter A1 - Reichel, Marco A1 - Stoll, Andrea A1 - Briem, Ulrich A1 - Dullien, Silvia A1 - Renkawitz, Tobias A1 - Weber, Tim A1 - Dendorfer, Sebastian A1 - Grifka, Joachim A1 - Penzkofer, Rainer A1 - Barnsteiner, K. A1 - Jovanovik, M. A1 - Wernecke, P. A1 - Vögele, A. A1 - Bachmann, T. A1 - Plötz, Martin A1 - Schliekmann, Claus A1 - Wels, Harald A1 - Helmberger, Paul A1 - Kaspar, Marcel A1 - Hönicka, M. A1 - Schrammel, Siegfried A1 - Enser, Markus A1 - Schmidmeier, Monika A1 - Schroll-Decker, Irmgard A1 - Haug, Sonja A1 - Gelfert, Verena A1 - Vernim, Matthias ED - Baier, Wolfgang T1 - Forschungsbericht 2012 T3 - Forschungsberichte der OTH Regensburg - 2012 Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-7834 CY - Regensburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lang, Alexander A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - An analysis of the electrical capacitance between two conducting spheres JF - Journal of Electrostatics N2 - Many modern composites consist of dielectric polymer matrices containing embedded spherical particles. These particles can be electrically conducting and often have magnetic properties. In order to accurately model and simulate such materials, precise calculation of the electrical capacitance between identically sized spheres is required. This is of particular relevance at microscopic dimensions where many smart material-based micro devices are concerned. This may appear trivial for a small number of particles. However, many methods or their analysis appear to be questionable or not applicable at reduced dimensions. In this work, the various methods of analysis are scrutinized before being compared with both simulation and direct measurements. It is surprising to note that of the many works investigated only 3 are in close agreement with both simulation and measurement. Graphical abstract This paper deals with the precise calculation of the electrical capacitance between two conducting spheres of equal, or near equal size.The calculations have been verified by both experimental measurements and simulation. Algorithms in MatLab (Octave) format have been included in the supporting information. KW - Capacitance between spheres KW - Calculation KW - Simulation Experiment Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elstat.2020.103518 VL - 108 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Dragoi, Daniel A1 - Egersdörfer, Stefan A1 - Füchtmeier, Bernd A1 - Nerlich, Michael T1 - Der Roboter als Hilfsmittel in der Chirurgie // International Mechatronik Forum, Linz, October 2006 T2 - International Mechatronik Forum, Linz Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Füchtmeier, Bernd A1 - Nerlich, Michael A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Egersdörfer, Stefan A1 - Raja, Kashif T1 - Development of a Robotic Navigation and Fracture Fixation System - 7th Intl. Conf. Medical Aspects of Telemedicine, 23 September 2002 T2 - European Journal of Medical Research; Abstracts Y1 - 2002 SN - 2047-783X SP - 28 EP - 29 PB - Biomed Central CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Füchtmeier, Bernd A1 - Egersdörfer, Stefan A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Nerlich, Michael T1 - Entwicklung eines Systems zur navigierten und robotergestützten Frakturfixation T2 - Zweite Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Computer- und Roboterassistierte Chirurgie : 4.-7. November 2003, Nürnberg, Germany; CURAC 2003; Abstract CD-ROM Y1 - 2003 CY - Erlangen-Nürnberg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mayer, Matthias A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Modern permanent magnetic materials: Advances and limits T2 - Inductica - Berlin Messe, 22-24 May 2007 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sorokin, Vladislav V. A1 - Stepanov, Gennady V. A1 - Vasiliev, V. G. A1 - Kramarenko, Elena Yu A1 - Mayer, Matthias A1 - Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Investigation of Dynamic Modulus and Normal Force of Magnetorheological Elastomers with Soft and Hard Magnetic Fillers T2 - NANO 2014, July 13 – 18, 2014, Moscow ; Section 06 - Polymer, Organic and Other Soft Matter Materials Y1 - 2014 CY - Moscow ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Forster, Eva A1 - Mayer, Matthias A1 - Rabindranath, Raman A1 - Bentz, Alexander A1 - Böse, Holger A1 - Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Surface Control Magneto-Active Polymers (MAP) T2 - EuroEAP 2011, First international conference on Electromechanically Active Polymer (EAP) transducers & artificial muscles, Pisa, 8-9 June N2 - Smart materials change their properties with external energy supply. Besides the known ferro-fluids and Magneto Rheological Fluid (MRF) also the Electro Active Polymer (EAP) and Magneto Rheological Elastomer (MRE) belong to these intelligent materials. The latest generation of magnetic elastomers represents a new class of composite materials. This consists of small magnetized particles which are sized in the micron or even nanometer range that in turn is bounded in a highly elastic rubber matrix. These materials are very often called MRE. Only recently, it has managed to develop these materials even further, so that very soft composite materials with a young?s modulus up to 10 kPa are possible. These soft polymers could be named magneto-active polymers. The combination of polymers with magnetic materials show novel and often enhanced properties. A precisely controllable young?s modulus and hardness, giant and non-homogeneous deformation behavior and rapid response to the magnetic field opens up new possibilities for various applications. Since MAP represent a very new technology, the behavior of these materials as a function of their composition and external conditions so far are not yet sufficiently understood. Therefore, some fundamental studies are necessary. In this paper, the mechanical surface properties are studied using a micro hardness meter. This work shows the possibility to control mechanical properties at the surface of MAP with new developed magnetic systems. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Egersdoerfer, Stefan A1 - Dragoi, Daniel A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Füchtmeier, Bernd A1 - Nerlich, Michael T1 - Heavy duty robotic precision fracture repositioning JF - Industrial Robot N2 - The application of robotics in manufacturing industry is increasingly spreading to other fields such as service, security and medical, and more recently into orthopedic surgery. Most research projects to date have concentrated on the lighter side of non‐invasive surgery, camera, laser guidance, light cutting and milling through bone. Just as in industrial production and processing applications, the choice of robot and its accompanying control and programming system is absolutely paramount. This simple fact has been justified in recent research dealing with the heavier forms of fracture repositioning robotics in accident surgery. This paper discusses the development of the complete system including robot, end‐effector and sensors. Y1 - 2004 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/01439910410566344 SN - 0143-991X VL - 31 IS - 6 SP - 488 EP - 492 PB - Emerald ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hirmer, Marion A1 - Danilov, Sergey N. A1 - Giglberger, Stephan A1 - Putzger, Jürgen A1 - Niklas, Andreas A1 - Jäger, Andreas A1 - Hiller, Karl-Anton A1 - Schmalz, Gottfried A1 - Redlich, Britta A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Ganichev, Sergey D. T1 - Spectroscopic Study of Human Teeth and Blood from Visible to Terahertz Frequencies for Clinical Diagnosis of Dental Pulp Vitality T2 - PACS, November 11, 2011 N2 - Transmission spectra of wet human teeth and dentin slices, together with blood of different flow rates were investigated. The measurements carried out over a wide spectral range, from visible light down to terahertz radiation. The results make it possible to find the optimum light frequency for an all-optical determination of pulpal blood flow and, consequently, for clinically diagnosis of tooth vitality. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mayer, Matthias A1 - Forster, Eva A1 - Rabindranath, Raman A1 - Bentz, Alexander A1 - Böse, Holger A1 - Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Highly compliant Magneto-Active Polymers (MAPs) T2 - Actuator'11, Bremen, May 2011 Y1 - 2011 ER -