TY - JOUR A1 - Broser, Christian A1 - Falter, Thomas A1 - Ławrowski, Robert Damian A1 - Altenbuchner, Amelie A1 - Vögele, Daniel A1 - Koss, Claus A1 - Schlamp, Matthias A1 - Dunnweber, Jan A1 - Steffens, Oliver A1 - Heckner, Markus A1 - Jaritz, Sabine A1 - Schiegl, Thomas A1 - Corsten, Sabine A1 - Lauer, Norina A1 - Guertler, Katherine A1 - Koenig, Eric A1 - Haug, Sonja A1 - Huber, Dominik A1 - Birkenmaier, Clemens A1 - Krenkel, Lars A1 - Wagner, Thomas A1 - Justus, Xenia A1 - Saßmannshausen, Sean Patrick A1 - Kleine, Nadine A1 - Weber, Karsten A1 - Braun, Carina N. A1 - Giacoppo, Giuliano A1 - Heinrich, Michael A1 - Just, Tobias A1 - Schreck, Thomas A1 - Schnabl, Andreas A1 - Gilmore, Amador Téran A1 - Roeslin, Samuel A1 - Schmid, Sandra A1 - Wellnitz, Felix A1 - Malz, Sebastian A1 - Maurial, Andreas A1 - Hauser, Florian A1 - Mottok, Jürgen A1 - Klettke, Meike A1 - Scherzinger, Stefanie A1 - Störl, Uta A1 - Heckner, Markus A1 - Bazo, Alexander A1 - Wolff, Christian A1 - Kopper, Andreas A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Pongratz, Christian A1 - Ehrlich, Ingo A1 - Briem, Ulrich A1 - Hederer, Sebastian A1 - Wagner, Marcus A1 - Schillinger, Moritz A1 - Görlach, Julien A1 - Hierl, Stefan A1 - Siegl, Marco A1 - Langer, Christoph A1 - Hausladen, Matthias A1 - Schreiner, Rupert A1 - Haslbeck, Matthias A1 - Kreuzer, Reinhard A1 - Brückl, Oliver A1 - Dawoud, Belal A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Gamisch, Bernd A1 - Schmidt, Ottfried A1 - Heberl, Michael A1 - Gänsbauer, Bianca A1 - Bick, Werner A1 - Ellermeier, Andreas A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Prem, Nina A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Tschurtschenthaler, Karl A1 - Aurbach, Maximilian A1 - Dendorfer, Sebastian A1 - Betz, Michael A. A1 - Szecsey, Tamara A1 - Mauerer, Wolfgang A1 - Murr, Florian ED - Baier, Wolfgang T1 - Forschung 2018 T3 - Forschungsberichte der OTH Regensburg - 2018 KW - Forschung KW - Forschungsbericht Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-13826 SN - 978-3-9818209-5-9 CY - Regensburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Reicheneder, Matthias A1 - Matschi, Markus T1 - From Captive Centers to Global Integration BT - Organizational Models and Good Practices in Information Technology Nearshoring and Offshoring JF - Information Resources Management Journal N2 - Contemporary developments in virtual work and global talent management are transforming information technology (IT) nearshoring and offshoring practices, yet research on organizational responses remains limited. Through expert interviews with 33 IT executives (76% chief information officers) from Germany's top 500 companies, this article examines organizational models, strategies, and good practices in IT nearshoring and offshoring. It reveals a shift from traditional captive centers toward fully integrated global teams, enabling high-value task delivery and reflecting increased workforce maturity. Companies are expanding their operations driven by talent needs rather than cost savings, with success factors including employee integration and robust on-site management. This study contributes to theory and practice by providing a framework for understanding organizational models in global IT delivery and offering actionable insights for executives, emphasizing workforce integration over geographical separation. KW - Offshoring KW - Informationstechnik KW - Internationale Arbeitsteilung KW - Organisationsstruktur KW - IT-Nearshoring KW - IT-Offshoring KW - Global IT-Teams KW - Organizational Models KW - Distributed Work Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-80406 SN - 1533-7979 N1 - Corresponding author der OTH Regensburg: Markus Westner VL - 38 IS - 1 PB - IGI Global ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mauerer, Wolfgang A1 - Rexhepaj, Tanja A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Diermeier, Andreas A1 - Neidhart, Thomas A1 - Wolfrum, Dominik A1 - Sterner, Michael A1 - Heberl, Michael A1 - Nusko, Robert A1 - Maier, Georg A1 - Nagl, Klaus A1 - Reuter, Monika A1 - Hofrichter, Andreas A1 - Lex, Thomas A1 - Lesch, Florian A1 - Kieninger, Bärbel A1 - Szalo, Alexander Eduard A1 - Zehner, Alexander A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Joblin, Mitchell A1 - Apel, Sven A1 - Ramsauer, Ralf A1 - Lohmann, Daniel A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Strasser, Artur A1 - Munndi, Maximilian A1 - Ebner, Lena A1 - Elsner, Michael A1 - Weiß, Nils A1 - Segerer, Matthias A1 - Hackenberg, Rudolf A1 - Steger, Sebastian A1 - Schmailzl, Anton A1 - Dostalek, Michael A1 - Armbruster, Dominik A1 - Koch, Fabian A1 - Hierl, Stefan A1 - Thumann, Philipp A1 - Swidergal, Krzysztof A1 - Wagner, Marcus A1 - Briem, Ulrich A1 - Diermeier, Andreas A1 - Spreitzer, Stefan A1 - Beiderbeck, Sabrina A1 - Hook, Christian A1 - Zobel, Martin A1 - Weber, Tim A1 - Groß, Simon A1 - Penzkofer, Rainer A1 - Dendorfer, Sebastian A1 - Schillitz, Ingo A1 - Bauer, Thomas A1 - Rudolph, Clarissa A1 - Schmidt, Katja A1 - Liebetruth, Thomas A1 - Hamer, Markus A1 - Haug, Sonja A1 - Vernim, Matthias A1 - Weber, Karsten A1 - Saßmannshausen, Sean Patrick A1 - Books, Sebastian A1 - Neuleitner, Nikolaus A1 - Rechenauer, Christian A1 - Steffens, Oliver A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Gömmel, Roland A1 - Wellnitz, Felix A1 - Stierstorfer, Johannes A1 - Stadler, Dominik A1 - Hofmann, Matthias J. A1 - Motschmann, Hubert A1 - Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail A1 - Bleicher, Veronika A1 - Fischer, Sebastian A1 - Hackenberg, Rudolf A1 - Horn, Anton A1 - Kawasch, Raphael A1 - Petzenhauser, Michael A1 - Probst, Tobias A1 - Udalzow, Anton A1 - Dams, Florian A1 - Schreiner, Rupert A1 - Langer, Christoph A1 - Prommesberger, Christian A1 - Ławrowski, Robert Damian ED - Baier, Wolfgang T1 - Forschungsbericht 2016 T3 - Forschungsberichte der OTH Regensburg - 2016 Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-13840 CY - Regensburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Appelhans, Marie-Luise A1 - Kampmann, Matthias A1 - Mottok, Jürgen A1 - Riederer, Michael A1 - Nagl, Klaus A1 - Steffens, Oliver A1 - Dünnweber, Jan A1 - Wildgruber, Markus A1 - Roth, Julius A1 - Stadler, Timo A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Weiß, Martin Georg A1 - Rochholz, Sandra A1 - Bierl, Rudolf A1 - Gschossmann, Andreas A1 - Haug, Sonja A1 - Schmidbauer, Simon A1 - Koch, Anna A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Bary, Benedikt von A1 - Ellermeier, Andreas A1 - Vögele, Daniel A1 - Maiwald, Frederik A1 - Hierl, Stefan A1 - Schlamp, Matthias A1 - Ehrlich, Ingo A1 - Siegl, Marco A1 - Hüntelmann, Sven A1 - Wildfeuer, Matthias A1 - Brückl, Oliver A1 - Sterner, Michael A1 - Hofrichter, Andreas A1 - Eckert, Fabian A1 - Bauer, Franz A1 - Dawoud, Belal A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Gamisch, Bernd A1 - Schmidt, Ottfried A1 - Heberl, Michael A1 - Thema, Martin A1 - Mayer, Ulrike A1 - Eller, Johannes A1 - Sippenauer, Thomas A1 - Adelt, Christian A1 - Haslbeck, Matthias A1 - Vogl, Bettina A1 - Mauerer, Wolfgang A1 - Ramsauer, Ralf A1 - Lohmann, Daniel A1 - Sax, Irmengard A1 - Gabor, Thomas A1 - Feld, Sebastian A1 - Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia A1 - Ławrowski, Robert Damian A1 - Langer, Christoph A1 - Schreiner, Rupert A1 - Sellmair, Josef ED - Baier, Wolfgang T1 - Forschung 2019 BT - Thema: Künstliche Intelligenz N2 - Bericht mit Forschungsprojekten aus verschiedenen Bereichen der OTH Regensburg mit dem Schwerpunktthema "Künstliche Intelligenz" und einem Gespräch zur "Medizin der Zukunft" T3 - Forschungsberichte der OTH Regensburg - 2019 KW - Forschung KW - Forschungsbericht KW - Künstliche Intelligenz Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-7890 SN - 978-3-9818209-7-3 CY - Regensburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hillebrand, Patrick A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Matschi, Markus T1 - Schlüsselfaktoren erfolgreicher CIOs JF - HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik N2 - Die vorliegende Studie untersucht Schlüsselfaktoren erfolgrei- cher CIOs in deutschen Großunternehmen. Mit einer mittleren Verweildauer (Median) von 4,0 Jahren weisen deutsche CIOs, die mit 43 % noch überwiegend an den CFO berichten, im Vergleich zu anderen C-Level-Positionen eine deutlich kürzere Verweildauer im Amt auf. Die Ergebnisse aus 60 Interviews mit erfolgreichen deutschsprachigen CIOs, die primär über eine überdurchschnittlich lange Verweildauer verfügen, lassen verschiedene Schlüsselfaktoren für den Erfolg erkennen: Grundvoraussetzung ist stets die Gewährleistung eines sicheren und effizienten IT-Betriebs. Über effektive und innovative Change-Projekte machen die interviewten CIOs den IT-Mehrwert transparent und agieren als Brückenbauer zwischen IT und Fachbereichen. Dadurch wirken sie positiv auf die Firmenkultur ein und etablieren die IT nachhaltig in den Fachbereichen als Erfolgsfaktor. Erfolgreiche CIOs selbst sind keine „Techies“, sondern zeichnen sich durch hohe Führungskompetenz und ein hohes Geschäftsverständnis, gepaart mit visionärem Denken aus. Dadurch gelingt es ihnen, die IT zukunftsorientiert auszurichten und Anforderungen und Potenziale für und aus den Fachbereichen frühzeitig zu antizipieren. Die zukünftige Entwicklung der CIO-Organisation und der Paradigmen in der IT wird durch die Studienteilnehmer hingegen teilweise kontrovers diskutiert – so gibt es beispielsweise bei der Beurteilung der Sinnhaftigkeit und Relevanz der CDO-Position noch kein einheitliches Meinungsbild. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-33751 N1 - Corresponding author: Markus Westner VL - 59 SP - 762 EP - 779 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hillebrand, Patrick A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Matschi, Markus T1 - Key factors of successful CIOs N2 - This study examines key factors of successful CIOs in large German companies. With a median tenure of 4.0 years, German CIOs, most of whom (43%) still report to the CFO, have a significantly shorter tenure compared to other C‑level positions. The results of 60 interviews with successful German-speaking CIOs, who primarily have an above-average tenure, reveal various key factors for successful CIOs: The foundation for success is to ensure secure and efficient IT operations. Through effective and innovative change pro-jects, the CIOs interviewed make the added value of IT transparent and act as bridge-builders between IT and the business. In this way, they have a positive impact on the corporate culture and establish IT as a success factor in the business in the long term. Successful CIOs themselves are not “techies” but are characterized by a high level of leadership competence and a high level of business expertise, coupled with visionary thinking. This enables them to align IT in a future-oriented manner and to anticipate de-mands and potential for and from the business units at an early stage. The future devel-opment of the CIO organization and the paradigms in IT, on the other hand, was discussed controversially by some of the study participants—for example, there is still no uniform opinion on the relevance of the CDO position. KW - CIO roles KW - Success factors KW - CIO tenure KW - Chief Information Officer Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-66882 N1 - This document is an English translation of the article Hillebrand, P., Westner, M. & Matschi, M. Schlüsselfaktoren erfolgreicher CIOs. HMD 59, 762–779 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1365/s40702-022-00867-8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reicheneder, Matthias A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Matschi, Markus T1 - IT-Near- und Offshoring in deutschen Großunternehmen: Aktueller Stand, Motive und Auswahlkriterien JF - HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik N2 - Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die aktuelle IT-Near- und Offshoring-Praxis in deutschen Großunternehmen. Dafür wurden 33 CIOs und IT-Führungskräfte mittels Interviews befragt. Haupttreiber der geografischen Verlagerung von IT-Services ins Ausland ist die Ressourcenverfügbarkeit in anderen Ländern, bedingt durch den Fachkräftemangel in Deutschland. Dies trifft auch auf die Auswahl geeigneter IT-Services für das Near- und Offshoring zu. Während IT-Near- und Offshoring historisch primär aufgrund von Kosteneinsparungen initiiert wurde, spielt dieser Aspekt heute eine untergeordnete Rolle. Die Interviewteilnehmer und -teilnehmerinnen sehen in Kosteneinsparungen zwar immer noch einen positiven Effekt, erwarten aber, dass dieser in Zukunft aufgrund der Angleichung des Kostenniveaus schwinden wird. Die Unternehmen verlagern hauptsächlich Applikationsbetrieb und -entwicklung, erkennen jedoch zunehmend das Potenzial, auch höherwertige Aufgaben, z. B. Projektmanagement und Unternehmensarchitekturmanagement, aus geografisch entfernteren Ländern erbringen zu lassen. Unternehmen, die ausschließlich IT-Nearshoring betreiben, erbringen weniger als ein Drittel ihrer IT-Services aus nahegelegenen Ländern. Firmen mit IT-Offshoring-Präsenzen weisen einen höheren IT-Near‑/Offshoringgrad auf und verlagern knapp die Hälfte der eigenen IT-Serviceerbringung ins Ausland. Die beliebtesten Länder sind Portugal für das Nearshoring und Indien für das Offshoring. KW - Nearshoring KW - Offshoring KW - IT Services KW - Drivers KW - Selection Criteria KW - Large Companies KW - Study KW - Motive KW - Auswahlkriterien KW - Großunternehmen KW - Studie Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-79582 SN - 1436-3011 N1 - Corresponding author der OTH Regensbrg: Markus Westner PB - Springer Nature CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reicheneder, Matthias A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Matschi, Markus T1 - IT nearshoring and offshoring in German large companies: current status, motives and selection criteria N2 - This study analyses current IT nearshoring and offshoring practices in large German companies. For this purpose, 33 CIOs and IT managers were interviewed. Due to the shortage of skilled labour in Germany, the main driver behind the geographical relocation of IT services abroad is the availability of resources in other countries. This also applies to the selection of suitable IT services for nearshoring and offshoring. While IT near- and offshoring was historically initiated primarily due to cost savings, this aspect plays a subordinate role today. Although the interviewees still see cost savings as a benefit, they expect this advantage to erode in the future due to the narrowing gap in international cost differences. Companies are mainly offshoring application services but are increasingly recognising the potential to have higher-value tasks, e.g. project management and enterprise architecture management, performed from geographically more distant countries. Companies that only engage in IT nearshoring provide less than a third of their IT services in this way. Companies with IT offshoring presences have a higher degree of IT nearshoring/offshoring and perform almost half of their IT services abroad using their own resources. The most popular countries are Portugal for nearshoring and India for offshoring. KW - Nearshoring KW - Offshoring KW - IT Services KW - Drivers KW - Selection Criteria KW - Large Companies KW - Study Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-85311 N1 - This document is an English translation of the article: Reicheneder, M., Westner, M. & Matschi, M. IT-Near- und Offshoring in deutschen Großunternehmen: Aktueller Stand, Motive und Auswahlkriterien. HMD (2025). https://doi.org/10.1365/s40702-025-01150-2 N1 - Die deutsche Originalveröffentlichung ist abgelegt unter: https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-oth-regensburg/frontdoor/index/index/start/0/rows/10/sortfield/score/sortorder/desc/searchtype/simple/query/IT-Near-+und+Offshoring+in+deutschen+Gro%C3%9Funternehmen%3A+Aktueller+Stand%2C+Motive+und+Auswahlkriterien/docId/7958 CY - Regensburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hantsch, Carolin A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Matschi, Markus T1 - IT/OT Convergence: Status Quo and Implementation Recommendations N2 - This study examines IT/OT Convergence in 31 predominantly large German companies. It presents an "IT/OT Governance Framework" as a specific model for successful convergence implementation. The in-terviews revealed that companies are at very different stages of maturity in implementing IT/OT conver-gence. The analysis reveals a heterogeneous level of convergence maturity across the interviewed compa-nies, the majority of which are at the beginning or in the implementation phase. Close cooperation between IT and OT is favoured, but without IT completely taking over OT. An IT/OT tandem consisting of a CIO and a central OT responsible person is seen as the ideal way to take responsibility. Six specific recommen-dations were derived from the interviews and included in the IT/OT Governance Framework developed. These include ensuring top management support, using security as a driver, introducing a central OT re-sponsible person, bringing IT and OT teams closer together, continuously demonstrating the added value of convergence, and taking a step-by-step approach to implementation KW - IT/OT Konvergenz KW - IT KW - OT KW - Governance KW - Framework Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-77586 N1 - This document is an English translation of the article Hantsch, C., Westner, M. & Matschi, M. IT/OT-Konvergenz: Status-Quo und Umsetzungsempfehlungen. HMD (2024). https://doi.org/10.1365/s40702-024-01111-1 N1 - Die deutsche Originalveröffentlichung ist abgelegt unter: https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-oth-regensburg/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7793 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hantsch, Carolin A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Matschi, Markus T1 - IT/OT-Konvergenz: Status-Quo und Umsetzungsempfehlungen JF - HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik N2 - Organisationen machen große Anstrengungen zur Verbesserung ihrer Ambidextrie, d. h. ihrer Fähigkeit sowohl Exploitationsziele (z. B. Effizienz, Vorhersagbarkeit) als auch Explorationsziele (z. B. Anpassbarkeit, Innovation) zu erreichen. Obwohl gemäß der Praxisliteratur Technologie in Software-Projekten dabei eine zentrale Rolle spielen kann, gibt es kaum Forschung dazu, wie technologische Faktoren Ambidexterie in Software-Projekten beeinflussen. In dieser Studie untersuchen wir die Rolle dreier technologischer Faktoren: kontinuierliche Integration, Standardisierung und Microservice-Architektur. Die Ergebnisse einer Mehrinformanten-Umfrage in 95 Projekten in der Schweiz und Dänemark zeigen, dass kontinuierliche Integration und Standardisierung mit höherer Ambidexterie einhergehen, während der Zusammenhang zwischen Microservice-Architektur und Ambidextrie nicht signifikant ist. Unser Artikel geht über die existierende Forschung hinaus, indem er zeigt, dass kontinuierliche Integration und Standardisierung nicht nur Exploitation, sondern auch Exploration fördern können. Wir diskutieren auch Gründe für den insignifikanten Zusammenhang zwischen Microservice-Architektur und Ambidextrie. N2 - This study examines IT/OT Convergence in 31 predominantly large German companies. It presents an “IT/OT Governance Framework” as a specific model for successful convergence implementation. The analysis reveals a heterogeneous level of convergence maturity across the examined companies, the majority of which are at the beginning or in the implementation phase. Close cooperation between IT and OT is favored, but without IT completely taking over OT. An IT/OT tandem consisting of a CIO and a central OT responsible person is seen as the ideal way to take responsibility. Six specific recommendations were derived from the interviews and included in the IT/OT Governance Framework developed. These include ensuring top management support, using security as a driver, introducing a central OT responsible person, bringing IT and OT teams physically closer together, continuously demonstrating the added value of convergence, and taking a step-by-step approach to implementation. KW - IT/OT Convergence KW - Operational Technology KW - OT KW - Governance Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-77937 N1 - Corresponding author der OTH Regensburg: Markus Westner PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Westner, Markus T1 - Rezension "Designed for Digital". BT - Ross, J. W., Beath, C. M., & Mocker, M. (2019). Designed for digital: How to architect your business for sustained success. The MIT Press. ISBN 978-0262042888 JF - HMD Praxis Der Wirtschaftsinformatik Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-38626 N1 - Corresponding author: Markus Westner PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wulf, Frederik A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Strahringer, Susanne T1 - We have a platform, but nobody builds on it – what influences Platform-as-a-Service post-adoption? JF - International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management N2 - When higher-level management of a company has strategically decided to adopt Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) as a Cloud Computing (CC) delivery model, decision-makers at lower hierarchy levels still need to decide whether they want to post-adopt PaaS for building or running an information system (IS) – a decision that numerous companies are currently facing. This research analyzes the influential factors of this managerial post-adoption decision on the IS-level. A survey of 168 business and Information Technology (IT) professionals investigated the influential factors of this PaaS post-adoption decision. The results show that decision-makers’ perceptions of risks inhibit post-adoption. Vendor trust and trialability reduce these perceived risks. While competitive pressure increases perceived benefits, it does not significantly influence PaaS post-adoption. Controversially, security and privacy, cost savings, and top management support do not influence post-adoption, as opposed to findings on company-level adoption. Subsamples constructed by the form of post-adoptive use (migration of IS, enhancement of IS, new IS development) exhibit better goodness-of-fit measures than the full sample. Future research should explore this interrelation of the form of post-adoptive use and the post-adoption influence factors. KW - Platform-as-a-Service KW - cloud computing KW - post-adoption KW - delivery model Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-33778 SN - 2182-7788 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 49 EP - 70 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Strahringer, Susanne A1 - Westner, Markus T1 - Von der IT-Leitung zur (Mit-)Gestaltung der digitalen Transformation BT - Die sich wandelnde Rolle der Führung in der IT JF - HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik N2 - Die entsprechenden Antworten, wie die IT-Führung in Unternehmen auszugestalten sei, ist Gegenstand vielfältiger Forschung und im Ergebnis situativ aber nicht abschließend zu beantworten. Das vorliegende Schwerpunktheft greift diesen Aspekt auf und beleuchtet die Zukunft der Führung in der IT. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-39922 VL - 59 SP - 717 EP - 720 PB - Springer ER - TY - INPR A1 - Kratzer, Simon A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Strahringer, Susanne T1 - Four Decades of Chief Information Officer Research BT - A Literature Review and Research Agenda Based on Main Path Analysis N2 - Despite the relevance and maturity of the Chief Information Officer (CIO) research field, no studies exist that exhaustively summarize the current body of knowledge, focusing on the development of the field over its entire timespan. The paper at hand addresses this research gap and presents an exhaustive literature review on the CIO research field using main path analysis. We identify the central papers in CIO research and eight main research streams by quantitatively and qualitatively analyzing 466 papers. We find that established research streams, e.g., ‘Evolving role of the CIO’ and ‘CIO hierarchical position and relationships’ as well as recently emerging research streams, e.g., ‘CIO as business enabler’ and ‘CIOs and IT security,’ draw growing attention. Based on our findings, we develop promising further avenues for research in the CIO field. KW - Chief Information Officer KW - Literature Review KW - Research Agenda KW - Main Path Analysis KW - Bibliometric Analysis KW - Informationsmanager KW - Literaturbericht Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-54208 N1 - Der Aufsatz wurde peer-reviewed veröffentlicht: https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-oth-regensburg/frontdoor/index/index/docId/6391 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wulf, Frederik A1 - Lindner, Tobias A1 - Strahringer, Susanne A1 - Westner, Markus T1 - IaaS, PaaS, or SaaS? The Why of Cloud Computing Delivery Model Selection BT - Vignettes on the Post-Adoption of Cloud Computing T2 - Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2021 N2 - Most large-scale organizations adopted Cloud Computing (CC) on a company level in recent years. Managers now face the challenge to appropriately implement CC "operationally", i.e., for information systems (ISs). We refer to this as post-adoption, addressing the extent of technology usage after adoption. Specifically, managers need to choose among the CC delivery models Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS), and Software-asa-Service (SaaS). We differentiate the determinants of this post-adoption decision for IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS. Based on this analysis, we derive criteria that guide managers' delivery model selection: Adopt 1) IaaS for ISs requiring flexibility and reduced time to market, 2) PaaS to access specialized resources, and 3) SaaS to focus on core competencies. Moreover, we analyze the impact on the CC strategy and postulate them as recommendations: I) acknowledge the interplay between governance and time-to-market, II) realize cost savings on company level, and III) consider strategically important ISs for CC. KW - Cloud Computing KW - IT Sourcing Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-7913 UR - https://aisel.aisnet.org/hicss-54/os/practice-based_research/5/ SN - 978-0-9981331-4-0 SP - 6285 EP - 6294 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schwertsik, Andreas A1 - Westner, Markus T1 - Produktorientierte IT-Leistungsverrechnung als Brückenschlag zwischen IT-Leistungserstellung und -verwendung BT - Fallstudie anhand eines international führenden Industriegüterunternehmens T2 - Prozesse, Technologie, Anwendungen, Systeme und Management : Tagungsband zur 27. AKWI-Fachtagung vom 07. bis 10.09.2014 an der Oberbayerischen Technischen Hochschule Regensburg / hrsg. von Thomas Barton N2 - Das vorliegende Paper untersucht anhand einer Fallstudie die Implementierung einer produktorientierten Leistungsverrechnung für IT-Services im Kontext eines international führenden Industriegüterunternehmens. Zunächst werden die ökonomischen und regulatorischen Anforderungen, die zur Ein-führung des Systems geführt haben, skizziert. Danach wird der Aufbau und Ablauf des Verrechnungsverfahrens geschildert: auf IT-Leistungserstellungs-seite werden die angefallenen Kosten über die Bildung sogenannter modularer „Service-Bausteine“ den organisatorisch verantwortlichen Stellen als auch IT-Services zugeordnet. Auf Basis der geplanten Nachfragemenge werden diese IT-Services bepreist und in einem IT-Servicekatalog verzeichnet. Dort können sie von den Fachbereichen nachgefragt werden. Im Sinne von Vorteilen werden u.a. eine verursachungsgerechte Kostenverteilung ermöglicht, Kostentransparenz und -vergleichbarkeit geschaffen sowie das Kostenbewusstsein bei Leistungsempfängern und -erstellern gefördert. Als Nachteil erweist sich der administrative Aufwand zur Durchführung der Kalkulation und in der Folge eine gewisse Statik des Systems, da unterjährige Änderungen nur unter Inkaufnahme von Zusatzaufwand nachgesteuert werden können. KW - IT-Abteilung KW - Innerbetriebliche Leistungsverrechnung Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-928 UR - https://www.oth-regensburg.de/fileadmin/media/fakultaeten/im/akwi/AKWI_TAGUNG_2014_Tagungsband.pdf SP - 78 EP - 91 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Fuhrmann, Thomas T1 - Applied Learning through Industry Collaboration BT - The Case of German Universities of Applied Sciences T2 - Applied Learning Conference, 2020, Singapur N2 - Purpose In 1969, Germany founded a new type of tertiary education institution, the so-called “Universities of Applied Sciences” (UAS). In contrast to traditional universities, UAS are supposed to educate their students based on scientific methods but with a high degree of application orientation (Wissenschaftsrat, 2010). The goal was to generate highly employable graduates. Since then the number of UAS in Germany has risen to 216 in 2018/2019 (Statistisches Bundesamt, 2019). ~45% of all German students start their tertiary education at a UAS (Autorengruppe Bildungsberichterstattung, 2018). UAS graduates are well perceived by domestic employers, enjoy high recruiting rates and attractive salary levels. The educational model has proven so successful that its approach and underlying philosophy has been replicated under terms such as “cooperative education” or “applied learning” in a vast number of different countries and educational systems around the globe (Altbach, Reisberg, & Rumbley, 2011). This talk critically describes the key aspects that constitute German UAS’ approaches to industry-oriented applied learning. The findings are relevant for academics, policy makers, and industry representatives to generate ideas on how to improve study curricula, policies, or collaboration between academia and industry. Method The approach taken consists of a descriptive and structured account of the key aspects that constitute the study curricula of a UAS from an applied learning perspective. By building on their own experiences as teaching professors and part of a German UAS’ managerial team, the research method taken resembles an action research-oriented approach. Key Findings German UAS have numerous application-oriented learning elements in their curricula. These elements are performed inside the university like lab courses but many of these learning elements are carried out in cooperation with industry. Bachelor programs span over seven semesters. Fundamentals are taught in the first two semesters and from the third semester on, more and more application-oriented lectures and labs become part of the curricula. In the fifth semester, a mandatory internship is integrated in the study program. This internship is carried out either at companies in Germany or abroad. It is the goal of the internship that the students gain first practical experience in a real work environment. The work tasks in internship should be similar to the later professional demands and should contain a project. The students themselves are responsible for finding an appropriate job and organize the administrative aspects around the internship, thus their self-organization skills are advanced. The UAS teaching staff supervises the internships from an academic perspective. This mandatory internship has numerous advantages: students experience real industry environment and they build contacts to later employers thus forming a potential pathway to future employment. Bachelor and master courses each finish with thesis work. The majority of theses is carried out in companies under university supervision. This is a second chance for the students to accomplish a company project, to gain practical experience and to get in touch with potential employers. In addition to undergraduate and postgraduate education, German UAS do a lot of applied research together with companies. This applied research can also be the basis for the work of Ph.D students. Industry representatives are also involved when designing new study programs as consultants and give advice for accreditation and reaccreditation of programs. All these activities of German universities of applied sciences lead to a high practical relevance of education programs and to a high degree of employability of UAS graduates. KW - Applied Learning KW - UAS KW - Industry collaboration Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Fuhrmann, Thomas T1 - Entwicklung eines Programms für internationale Gastdozierende als Good Practice Modell für die Hochschulinternationalisierung T2 - Internationalisierung der Curricula in den MINT-Fächern (ICM 2018), Berlin N2 - Der Freistaat Bayern finanziert seit einigen Jahren ein Hochschulprogramm zur Förderung von internationalen Gastprofessorinnen und Gastprofessoren an seinen Hochschulen. Mit diesen Finanzmitteln fördert die OTH Regensburg unter anderem internationale Gastvorlesungen. In der Fakultät Informatik und Mathematik wurde seit 2015 eine Zusammenstellung internationaler Gastvorlesungen entwickelt, die als Wahlpflichtfächer systematisch in ein bestehendes Curriculum integriert sind. So werden den heimischen Studierenden internationale Erfahrungen ermöglicht ("internationalization at home"), die fachliche Breite des Curriculums wird erhöht und es können auf Basis persönlicher Kontakte internationale Hochschulpartnerschaften neu geknüpft und weiter entwickelt werden. Jede Vorlesung in diesem Programm besteht aus mehreren Teilen. Zum Vorlesungsbeginn werden die geplanten Inhalte und Anforderung den Studierenden in einer Videokonferenz erläutert. Die Studierenden erhalten Unterlagen, um sich in Selbstlerneinheiten auf die Präsenzvorlesungen des Gastes vorzubereiten. Im Präsenzteil verbringt die/der Gastdozierende ca. 2 bis 3 Wochen in Regensburg und hält an der Hochschule Blockvorlesungen. So ist es möglich, Veranstaltungen mit 5 ECTS Credits in einem "blended learning" Lehr-/Lernformat durchzuführen. Studierende schätzen das Programm sehr und äußern sich in Evaluationen äußerst positiv über die fachliche und didaktische Erweiterung des Fächerspektrums. Dieses Programm wird als "good practice" innerhalb der Hochschule angesehen und soll in anderen technischen Fakultäten verbreitet werden, u.a. wurde ein "Prozesshandbuch" mit konkreten Beispielen und Handreichungen erstellt. Der Vortrag geht auf diese und weitere Umsetzungsaspekte sowie zugehörige Herausforderungen ein. KW - Hochschule KW - Internationalisierung KW - MINT-Fächer KW - Gastdozent KW - Curriculum KW - Benchmarking Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kratzer, Simon A1 - Strahringer, Susanne A1 - Westner, Markus T1 - Fractional CIOs in SMEs BT - Study Results on an Emerging IT Leadership Model T2 - 2024 2nd International Conference on Management Information Systems (ICMIS 2024), September 28-30, 2024, Tokyo, Japan N2 - To remain competitive, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) need to man-age information technology (IT) effectively. Unlike larger organisations, SMEs often face limited resources and challenges in attracting talent, and typically lack the need for a full-time Chief Information Officer (CIO). In response, a growing number of professionals around the world are offering CIO services on a part-time, shared basis to multiple clients. This model provides SMEs with affordable and flexible access to experienced IT leadership. Known as 'fractional CIOs', these professionals deliver significant value, yet there has been little academic re-search into this phenomenon. Our study, conducted between 2020 and 2023 with 62 Fractional CIOs in 10 countries, aims to fill this gap. It provides a clear defini-tion of fractional CIOs, outlines their engagement models and identifies the key factors that contribute to their success. The findings are intended to enlighten both academics and industry professionals. KW - Fractional CIO KW - Strategic IT Management KW - SME Y1 - 2024 VL - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bary, Benedikt von A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Strahringer, Susanne T1 - How decision maker's personal preferences influence the decision to backsource IT services JF - Journal of Information Technology Management (JITM) N2 - To prepare their IT landscape for future business challenges, companies are changing their IT sourcing arrangements by using selective sourcing approaches as well as multi-sourcing with more but smaller sourcing contracts. Companies therefore have to reconsider and re-evaluate their IT sourcing setup more frequently. Collecting data from 251 global experts, we empirically tested the effect of service quality, relationship quality, and switching costs on IT sourcing decisions using partial least squares (PLS) analysis. Drawing on previously conducted expert interviews, our model extends previous studies and introduces a decision maker’s sourcing preferences as a not yet examined moderator on IT sourcing decisions. This allows us to investigate the influence of the decision maker’s beliefs on the decision process. We were able to confirm the negative effect of switching costs on a decision in favor of backsourcing, however we could not find significant support for the remaining hypotheses. We further discuss potential reasons for our findings and suggest future research opportunities based on our contribution. KW - Outsourcing KW - Backsourcing KW - back-in-house KW - information technology KW - partial least squares Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-233 UR - https://jitm.ubalt.edu/XXX-3/article1.pdf VL - 30 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 22 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Strasser, Artur A1 - Westner, Markus T1 - Knowledge Transfer in IS Offshoring BT - Processes, Roles, and Success Factors T2 - Proceedings of the 19th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS 2015) Singapore, July 5-9 N2 - IS offshoring research regarding knowledge transfer processes, roles involved, as well as influencing factors is characterized by its diverse and heterogeneous nature. Covering the last fifteen years of IS offshoring research, this paper provides a consolidated view of the field of study. It presents a generic knowledge transfer process consisting of four stages and five milestones. These stages are characterized and evaluated according to their relevance for knowledge transfer, the types of knowledge transferred, the main activities and methods for transfer and testing, as well as the goals pursued. Furthermore, we aggregate the diverse literature findings relating to individuals who facilitate knowledge transfer processes into a general role. We label this role “offshore coordinator” and present its core tasks and necessary skills. In addition, we identify and cluster core factors that influence success or failure of knowledge transfer. In summary, our study answers calls to discontinue with empirically derived definitions in favor of theory-based conceptualization of the IS offshoring research field with respect to knowledge transfer processes, roles, and success factors. Future studies can build on these results and examine questions with respect to particular characteristics of knowledge transfer processes and their influencing success and failure factors. KW - Offshoring KW - Knowledge transfer KW - Knowledge management KW - Information systems KW - Betriebliches Informationssystem KW - Offshoring KW - Wissensmanagement Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-835 UR - https://aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1046&context=pacis2015 SP - 1 EP - 15 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Könning, Michael A1 - Strahringer, Susanne A1 - Westner, Markus T1 - Unraveling the impact of cultural distance on IT outsourcing success BT - Insights from three major sourcing reconfigurations JF - Journal of Enterprise Information Management N2 - PURPOSE IT outsourcing (ITO) has developed into an established practice for organizations but the interorganizational and oftentimes international collaboration it involves comes at a price: Reports from academia and practice suggest that more than 25% of all ITO projects fail, many because of cultural differences between client and provider organizations. Against this background, this paper analyzes the complex nature of cultural distance and its multi-faceted effect on ITO success. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH This paper builds upon extant literature on culture on the national, organizational and team level, conceptualizes its effect on relationship quality and ITO success, and hypothesizes a model on potential moderators and management techniques to offset culture-induced challenges. It then evaluates and refines the model by means of an interpretive qualitative research design for an in-depth single-case study of ProSiebenSat.1 Media SE (P7S1), a leading European media company that reconfigured its IT sourcing model three times in 10 years. FINDINGS The results from interviews with top managers from client and provider organizations represent one of the first integrated views on the critical importance of cultural compatibility on multiple levels, provide manifold examples for its complex effect on ITO success, as well as moderators and potential management techniques to promote ITO success. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS This paper contributes relevant empirical insights to the growing body of literature on culture and its underestimated role in ITO success. It builds on tentative theory that is confirmed and refined. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The paper helps in substantiating the complex and intangible nature of culture and demonstrates means for its effective management. ORIGINALITY/VALUE The results from interviews with top managers from client and provider organizations represent one of the first integrated views on the critical importance of cultural compatibility on multiple levels, provide manifold examples for its complex effect on ITO success, as well as moderators and potential management techniques to promote ITO success. KW - IT outsourcing KW - Offshoring KW - ITO Success KW - Cultural distance KW - Relationship quality KW - National culture KW - Organizational culture Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-8708 VL - 34 IS - 3 SP - 811 EP - 837 PB - Emerald ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Käss, Sebastian A1 - Strahringer, Susanne A1 - Westner, Markus T1 - Practitioners’ Perceptions on the Adoption of Low Code Development Platforms JF - IEEE Access N2 - Organizations are under increasing pressure to develop applications within budget and time at high quality. Therefore, multiple organizations adopt Low Code Development Platforms (LCDP) to develop applications faster and cheaper compared to traditional application development. However, current research on LCDP adoption lacks empirical grounding as well as a deeper understanding of the importance of adoption drivers and inhibitors. We conducted semi-structured interviews and a Delphi study with seventeen experts to address these gaps. As a result, we identified twelve drivers and nineteen inhibitors for adopting LCDPs. We show that the experts have a consensus on the most and the least important drivers and inhibitors for LCDP adoption. Yet, the ranking of the drivers and inhibitors between the most and least important is highly context dependent. For some drivers and inhibitors, the experts’ ranking is similar to academic literature, whereas, for others, it differs. In conclusion, the study at hand empirically validates drivers and inhibitors for LCDP adoption, adds six new drivers and six new inhibitors to the body of knowledge, and analyses the importance of these factors. KW - Low code KW - Delphi Study KW - Software Development KW - Inhibitor KW - Driver Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-59170 SN - 2169-3536 N1 - Corresponding author: Markus Westner PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Brosig, Christoph A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Strahringer, Susanne ED - Borštnar, Mirjana Kljajić T1 - Linking IT assets and competitive advantage - IT capabilities of servitized business models T2 - 34th Bled eConference Digital Support from Crisis to Progressive Change: June 27 - 30, 2021, Online: Conference Proceedings N2 - This paper connects research from business model innovation and information systems by exploring critical IT capabilities for servitized business models. The adoption of servitized business models is a major business model innovation strategy. At the same time, digitalization drives the evolution of IT capabilities at these business models. Scholars argue that it remains unclear how IT capabilities enable servitized business models to build a competitive advantage by achieving cost advantages or differentiation. This paper explores IT capabilities that enable building a competitive advantage for servitized business models based on a qualitative analysis of multiple published case studies. The authors identify configurations of IT capabilities among servitized business models. The findings contribute to servitization research by exploring IT capabilities and how they are combined among servitized business models. The insights help practitioners deploy digital technologies and IT assets effectively as building blocks of IT capabilities to advance their servitized business model. KW - resource-based view KW - IT capability KW - digital servitization KW - competitive advantage KW - Geschäftsmodell KW - Innovation KW - Hybrides Leistungsbündel KW - Informationstechnik Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-20158 UR - https://press.um.si/index.php/ump/catalog/book/581 SN - 978-961-286-485-9 SP - 111 EP - 123 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hantsch, Carolin A1 - Westner, Markus T1 - Governance of IT/OT Convergence: A Review of Academic and Practitioner Literature T2 - 16th Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (MCIS) 2024, Proceedings, October 3rd to 5th, 2024, Porto, Portugal N2 - The convergence, i.e., integration, of Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) is a critical aspect of digital transformation in industries, driving efficiency, innovation, and competitive advantage. However, this integration also introduces significant challenges, particularly in governance. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review of IT/OT convergence, focusing on the governance challenges and strategies drawn from both academic and practitioner literature. The findings reveal that effective governance is crucial for successful IT/OT convergence, requiring clear definitions of roles and responsibilities, cross-functional collaboration, and a unified approach to mitigate risks and align organizational goals. Key IT/OT convergence governance strategies include establishing a Center of Excellence, adopting a risk-based approach, and fostering a culture of change. The paper highlights the need for further research to develop comprehensive governance frameworks and empirically examine the impact of governance on IT/OT convergence success. This paper provides valuable insights for both researchers and practitioners navigating the complexities of IT/OT convergence and governance in the era of Industry 4.0. KW - IT/OT Convergence KW - Governance KW - Digital Transformation KW - Industry 4.0 Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-78335 UR - https://aisel.aisnet.org/mcis2024/7/ SN - 978-989-33-6886-2 PB - AIS eLibrary ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Späth, Carina A1 - Westner, Markus T1 - Challenges in Agile Transformations: A Comprehensive Review T2 - 16th Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (MCIS) 2024, Proceedings, October 3rd to 5th, 2024, Porto, Portugal N2 - This paper investigates the challenges organizations face during agile transformations, a critical adaptation in today's fast-paced business environment. Despite the potential benefits, many companies struggle with the implementation of agile methodologies. Through a systematic literature review of recent publications, we identify and categorize 19 challenges into three main areas: people, leadership, and organisation/processes. Our findings highlight that the most significant issues arise within the 'people' category, including plan-driven thinking, lack of knowledge, and inefficient collaboration. Leadership challenges involve insufficient management support and cultural mismatches, while organisation/process-related issues encompass inadequate planning and coordination. By synthesizing these challenges, this study provides a comprehensive overview aimed at helping practitioners anticipate and mitigate potential obstacles, thereby increasing the likelihood of successful agile transformations. These insights extend existing knowledge and emphasize the need for a holistic approach to manage the people, the leadership, and the organisation/process challenges of agile transformation. KW - agile methodologies KW - agile transformation KW - change management KW - organizational challenges Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-78320 UR - https://aisel.aisnet.org/mcis2024/32/ UR - 978-989-33-6886-2 PB - AIS eLibrary ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Cuesta Gorostidi, Irene A1 - Gutierrez Rodriguez, Uxue A1 - Oyarbide-Zubillaga, Aitor A1 - Fernández Rodríguez, Isabel T1 - Enhancing work-based learning through the i-wobal project and its digital school of work-based learning (WBL) facilitators T2 - 17th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI2024), Seville, Spain. 11-13 November, 2024 N2 - The i-WOBAL project, supported by Erasmus+, strategically enhances work-based learning (WBL) in higher education and vocational training across Europe, with a particular focus on supporting the professional development of company and academic facilitators of students engaged in WBL environments. This initiative launches the i-WOBAL didactical guide, together with the establishment of the digital school of WBL facilitators, a digital learning space designed to translate the theoretical framework of the guide into practical, actionable strategies for facilitators. The project is the result of the coordinated work of a consortium of 7 higher education and vocational training institutions from 5 different European countries. The digital school of WBL facilitators serves as a training hub where facilitators from both academic institutions and the business sector receive specialised training to effectively guide and support students. The digital school offers a structured curriculum, including modules on relevant soft skills, to ensure that facilitators are well equipped to manage and enhance the WBL experience for students. This paper describes the curriculum and pedagogical approaches of the digital school of WBL facilitators, its role in facilitating the practical application of WBL strategies and the collaboration of the partners to bring in their unique expertise. The collaborative nature of the i-WOBAL project, involving a consortium of European educational and corporate institutions, promotes a shared culture of best practice and continuous innovation in WBL. The potential scalability of this model offers significant implications for future educational policies aimed at standardising and improving the facilitation of WBL across different educational systems and market environments. KW - Work-Based Learning (WBL) KW - Professional Development KW - Educational Innovation KW - Mentorship in Education KW - Digital Training Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-78459 SN - 978-84-09-63010-3 SN - 2340-1095 PB - IATED CY - Sevilla ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Späth, Carina A1 - Westner, Markus T1 - Navigating Agile Transformations BT - Success Factors in German Companies T2 - SaudiCIS 2024 Proceedings:1st Saudi Conference on Information Systems, November 19 to 21, 2024, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia N2 - This study investigates how companies overcome challenges in agile transformations. Through interviews with ten experts from German companies across different industries, we identify key drivers, challenges, and success factors. Our findings reveal inefficiency, mimetic isomorphism, and competitive pressure as primary transformation drivers. We categorize challenges and solutions into people, organizational, and process-related factors, emphasizing the central role of human elements. The study presents 14 key success factors, with management involvement, commitment to agility, and strategic staffing emerging as crucial. These insights provide a framework for understanding and implementing agile transformations, offering guidance for organizations. Our results contribute to both theoretical understanding and practical application of agile methodologies in corporate settings. KW - Agile Transformation KW - Organizational Change KW - Success Factors KW - Change Management KW - Digital Transformation Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-78700 UR - https://aisel.aisnet.org/saudicis2024/46 PB - Association for Information Systems Electronic Library CY - Dhahran ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Westner, Markus T1 - Low-Code/No-Code: Citizen Developers and the Surprising Future of Business Applications JF - HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-74906 SN - 1436-3011 SP - 1067 EP - 1069 PB - Springer Fachmedien CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Strasser, Artur A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Strahringer, Susanne T1 - Knowledge transfer in IS offshoring BT - A Delphi study of the offshore coordinator role JF - Journal of Systems and Information Technology N2 - Purpose This paper aims to investigate the main tasks, necessary skills, and the implementation of the offshore coordinator’s role to facilitate knowledge transfer in information systems (IS) offshoring. Design/methodology/approach This empirical exploratory study uses the classical Delphi method that includes one qualitative and two quantitative rounds to collect data on IS experts’ perceptions to seek a consensus among them. Findings The participants agreed, with strong consensus, for a set of 16 tasks and 15 skills. The tasks focused primarily on relationship management and facilitating knowledge transfer on different levels. The set of skills consists of approximately 25 per cent “hard” skills, e.g. professional language skills and project management skills, and approximately 75 per cent “soft” skills, e.g. interpersonal and communication skills and the ability to deal with conflict. Two factors mainly influence implementing the offshore coordinator role: project size and the number of projects to be supported simultaneously. Practical implications The findings provide indications of how to define and fulfill this crucial role in practice to facilitate the knowledge transfer process in a positive way. Originality/value Similarities in previous research findings are aggregated to examine the intermediate role in detail from a consolidated perspective. This results in the first comprehensive set of critical tasks and skills assigned to the competency dimensions of the universal competency framework, demonstrating which and how many competency dimensions are critical. KW - Knowledge transfer KW - Delphi KW - IS offshoring KW - Offshoring coordinator KW - universal competency framework KW - Betriebliches Informationssystem KW - Offshoring KW - DV-Koordinator KW - Wissensmanagement Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-294 UR - https://doi.org/10.1108/JSIT-01-2018-0008 SN - 1328-7265 VL - 21 IS - 1 SP - 36 EP - 62 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Könning, Michael A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Strahringer, Susanne T1 - A Systematic Review of Recent Developments in IT Outsourcing Research JF - Information Systems Management N2 - Incomplete conceptualization of the information technology outsourcing (ITO) literature represents a challenge for navigating extant research and engaging into purposeful academic discourse. We extend the analysis of empirical findings on determinants of ITO decisions, outcomes, and governance. We identify increasing levels of research maturity, analyze effects of 38 new independent variables, highlight contradictory findings, and observe increasing interest in emerging topics such as innovation through ITO and multisourcing. KW - Outsourcing KW - Informationstechnik KW - Literaturbericht KW - Information Technology KW - Outsourcing KW - Literature Review KW - Sourcing outcomes KW - Sourcing decisions Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/10580530.2018.1553650 VL - 36 IS - 1 SP - 78 EP - 96 PB - Taylor & Francis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kobus, Jörn A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Strahringer, Susanne T1 - Enabling digitization by implementing Lean IT BT - Lessons learned JF - The TQM Journal N2 - Purpose With the rise of digitization, IT organizations are challenged to provide efficient service delivery and offer innovative digital solutions while maintaining a constant resource capacity. To address this challenge, some IT organizations have adopted Lean Management (LM). Although LM is a standard production mode in manufacturing, it is less familiar to IT organizations. The purpose of this paper is to identify 12 lessons learned from companies who implemented LM in their IT organization (Lean IT) to free up their IT resource capacity from existing day-to-day operations so they could use it to enable their digitization strategy. Design/methodology/approach A case study of two major international companies from different industries. Data were collected from 25 structured interviews. Findings The lessons learned provide insights into how these companies implemented Lean IT, the potential outcomes they aimed for, what they did to achieve those outcomes, how they facilitated the implementation of Lean IT, and restrictions they encountered during the implementation. Research limitations/implications The findings are based on a limited range of IT organizations. Practical implications The lessons learned inform those implementing Lean IT because they explain how companies have implemented Lean IT to facilitate digitization and the benefits and pitfalls they encountered. A comparison of Lean IT and Lean Production shows that LM is transferable to IT organizations if domain specific requirements are respected. Originality/value This paper reports the unique experience of companies implementing Lean IT, which can inform other companies in a similar situation. KW - Digitization KW - IT management KW - IT organization KW - Lean management KW - Unternehmen KW - Informationstechnik KW - Lean Management KW - Digitalisierung Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-02-2018-0026 VL - 30 IS - 6 SP - 764 EP - 778 PB - Emerald insight ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kopper, Andreas A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Strahringer, Susanne T1 - Kontrollierte Nutzung von Schatten-IT JF - HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik N2 - Basierend auf einer systematischen und umfangreichen Analyse von Praxisbeiträgen zum Thema Schatten-IT, die zwischen September 2015 und August 2016 erschienen sind, beschreibt der vorliegende Artikel Governance-Aspekte zu diesem Phänomen. Er ergänzt damit vorhergehende akademische Studien. Es zeigt sich, dass unter Praktikern der Eindruck vorherrscht, dass IT-Abteilungen unter zunehmendem Druck stehen, schneller auf sich ändernde Anforderungen aus den Fachbereichen reagieren zu müssen. Können IT-Abteilungen diesen Erwartungen nicht entsprechen, beschaffen sich Fachbereiche und Nutzer selbst Lösungen in Form von Schatten-IT. Als mögliche Antwort darauf kann sich die IT-Abteilung agiler organisieren und die IT-Architektur im Unternehmen modernisieren. Eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht darin, sich das innovative Potenzial von Schatten-IT zunutze zu machen und deren Umsetzung aktiv durch organisatorische und technische Maßnahmen zu unterstützen. IT-Sicherheitsmanagement und technische Schutzmechanismen können helfen, die so entstandenen Lösungen abzusichern und die Risiken zu minimieren. Nach vorherrschender Ansicht entwickelt sich die IT-Abteilung als Konsequenz aus all diesen Maßnahmen zu einem nutzerorientierten, internen Service-Provider und strategischen Partner für die Fachbereiche. T2 - Controlled Use of Shadow IT KW - Schatten-IT KW - IT-Governance KW - Agilität KW - IT-Sicherheit KW - IT-Abteilung KW - Corporate Governance KW - Agilität KW - Datensicherung Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1365/s40702-016-0286-x VL - 54 SP - 97 EP - 110 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kobus, Jörn A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Strahringer, Susanne T1 - Einführung von Lean Management in IT-Organisationen JF - HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik N2 - In der Produktion gilt „Lean Management“ als einer der de-facto Standardmanagementansätze. Lean Management in IT-Organisationen (Lean IT) ist dahingegen in der Praxis weniger verbreitet und in der Wissenschaft kaum erforscht. Dieser Beitrag aggregiert und erweitert die Ergebnisse mehrerer Forschungsarbeiten. Dabei werden vorrangig zwei Aspekte diskutiert: (1) Ein mögliches Einführungsmodell für Lean IT. Dieses verknüpft fünf Rollen (Sponsor, Programmleiter, Navigator, Linienführungskraft und Linienexperte) mit vier Phasen (Vorbereitung, Analyse, Gestaltung und Implementierung). (2) Besondere Herausforderungen für Linienführungskräfte, die aufgrund der „bottom up“-Ausrichtung bei Lean-IT-Einführungen stark gefordert werden. Neben einer klaren Vision für die Organisationseinheit und dem Verständnis, an welcher Stelle Lean IT die Organisationseinheit konkret unterstützen kann, benötigen sie Offenheit, Veränderungswillen und die Bereitschaft Verantwortung an Mitarbeiter zu delegieren. Außerdem sollten sie über ein ausreichendes Zeitbudget für die Einführung verfügen, um ihrer gestaltenden und qualitätssichernden Funktion nachkommen zu können. KW - Betriebliches Informationssystem KW - Lean Management KW - Lean IT KW - IT-Industrialisierung KW - Lean Management KW - IT-Effizienzprogramme KW - Einführungsmodell Y1 - 2016 UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1365/s40702-016-0266-1 VL - 53 IS - 6 SP - 879 EP - 893 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bary, Benedikt von A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Strahringer, Susanne T1 - Adding experts’ perceptions to complement existing research on information systems backsourcing JF - International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management N2 - This paper extends the existing literature on information systems (IS) backsourcing by the perception of practitioners. For this purpose, we conducted a series of qualitative, semistructured interviews with IS sourcing experts. The interview questions focused on the participants’ perceptions and experiences with the topic, on identifying reasons for and against IS backsourcing, and on revealing relevant trends pertinent to IS backsourcing. We then compared those findings with two previously conducted comprehensive literature reviews on academic and practitioner literature on IS backsourcing. By following this approach, we contribute to the existing research by verifying previous findings, for example, the most important reasons why companies decide in favor of IS backsourcing. Additionally, we were able to enhance previous contributions as we highlight the significance of differentiating between the scope of IS backsourcing by looking at the underlying services which are potentially backsourced. Further, we identified the importance of managers’ personal preferences as an additional reason for IS backsourcing, for example, based on personal experiences or a perceived need for change. Based on our findings, we created a comprehensive overview of all aspects connected to the IS backsourcing process and derived opportunities for further research to contribute to the IS backsourcing research agenda. KW - backsourcing KW - insourcing KW - back in-house KW - information systems KW - expert interviews KW - Betriebliches Informationssystem KW - Insourcing KW - Umfrage Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.12821/ijispm060402 SN - 2182-7788 VL - 6 IS - 4 SP - 17 EP - 35 PB - SciKA ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Strasser, Artur A1 - Westner, Markus T1 - Information systems offshoring BT - Results of a systematic literature review JF - Journal of Information Technology Management N2 - An increasing amount of IS offshoring research has been published during the last four years. This paper presents a comprehensive view of the field of study from a managerial point of view. It provides a consolidated view of the field of study between 2010 and 2013 based on a manual search comprising 69 selected journals and 9 conferences, as well as a search using 6 journal databases. The literature review ensures continuity of research by connecting to a comprehensive literature analysis covering the years 1999 to 2009. This way it consolidates and critically reflects the state of the research of the last 14 years. Overall, we compiled 95 relevant publications originating from leading IS journals and IS conference proceedings. The results indicate that IS offshoring research is largely non-theory based, using almost entirely empirical data and interpretive research methods and -to a smaller extent -positivist research designs. The ISO research of the last 14 years focuses on the implementation stages "how" and "outcome" while the pre-implementation-stages “why”, “what”, and “which” are comparatively sparsely researched. Future studies should apply a more theory-driven approach with a greater attention on pre-implementation aspects of information systems offshoring. In addition, future research should investigate the special nature of near- and onshoring, captive offshoring as well asagile (project) management techniques suitable for ISO. KW - Betriebliches Informationssystem KW - Offshoring KW - Literaturbericht KW - Offshoring KW - Nearshoring KW - Information systems KW - Information technology KW - Literature review Y1 - 2015 UR - http://jitm.ubalt.edu/XXVI-2/article5.pdf VL - 26 IS - 2 SP - 70 EP - 142 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kobus, Jörn A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Strahringer, Susanne A1 - Strode, Diane T1 - Lean Management in IT Organizations BT - A Ranking-type Delphi Study of Implementation Success Factors JF - Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application (JITTA) N2 - Lean management (LM) is well established in manufacturing organizations, and LM adoption in service organizations has recently increased. However, we lack research that focuses on the success of lean management implementations in IT organizations (lean IT). This paper contributes to knowledge of the success factors of lean IT implementation and the relative importance of each factor based on the insights of field experts. The experts identified, agreed on, and ranked 12 implementation success factors for lean IT in a Delphi study using the best/worst scaling technique. The most important factors were leadership involvement, change culture and work ethic, employee involvement, and performance management. Factors of intermediate importance were implementation facilitation, training and education, clear vision and direction, long-term focus, communication, and a holistic approach. Least important factors were existing skills, organizational changes/standardization, and financial resources. This paper contributes a more nuanced understanding of the relative importance of lean IT success factors, proposes relationships between them, and comprehensively explains how to use the rigorous best/worst scaling method in a traditional ranking-type Delphi study. KW - Lean Management KW - Informationstechnik KW - Lean Management KW - Information technology Y1 - 2018 UR - https://aisel.aisnet.org/jitta/vol19/iss1/4/ SN - 1532-3416 VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - 55 EP - 85 PB - Association for Information Systems (AIS) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bary, Benedikt von A1 - Westner, Markus T1 - Information Systems Backsourcing BT - A Literature Review JF - Journal of Information Technology Management N2 - Information systems backsourcing describes the transferof previously outsourced activities, assets, or personnel back to the originating companyto regain ownership and control. While there is much research on information systems outsourcing, the topic of backsourcing information systemsis still an emerging research area. Therefore, ourpaper aims to explore and synthesizethe existing literature on information systemsbacksourcing, since there is no exhaustiveliteraturereview of the state of the research to our knowledge available yet. In this paper, wecreate a framework to structure the existing research along the overallbacksourcing process. We identifydifferent motivators, such asexpectation gaps, orinternal and external organizational changes, leading towards a backsourcing decision, and factors positively or negatively influencing this decision. Additionally, we derive implementation success factors based on the existing literature to guide companies through the backsourcing process.We also differentiate the term backsourcing from related, sometimes synonymously used terms, by emphasizing the change of ownership back to the company of originas the main criterion.Additionally, we discuss opportunities for future research in the field of information systems backsourcing. KW - Betriebliches Informationssystem KW - Insourcing KW - Literaturbericht KW - Backsourcing KW - Backshoring KW - Reshoring KW - Inshoring KW - Information systems KW - Information technology KW - Literature review Y1 - 2018 UR - http://jitm.ubalt.edu/XXIX-1/article4.pdf VL - 29 IS - 1 SP - 62 EP - 78 PB - University of Tehran ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kobus, Jörn A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Strahringer, Susanne T1 - Change management lessons learned for Lean IT implementations JF - International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management N2 - Lean Management is a standard production mode that has been familiar to production organizations for several decades. To date, however, academic literature has presented surprisingly little information about the application of Lean Management in Information Technology (IT) organizations, or what is called Lean IT. Drawing upon an empirical qualitative case study of the IT departments of two multinational companies, in this paper we identify change management lessons learned for Lean IT implementations, as well as seven characteristics of a corresponding change management approach. As an extension of our work, researchers should validate and expand our initial findings, preferably in a quantitative setting. KW - Betriebliches Informationssystem KW - Lean Management KW - Fallstudiensammlung KW - Lean Management KW - Lean IT KW - Implementation KW - Case study KW - Lessons learned Y1 - 2017 UR - https://doi.org/10.12821/ijispm050103 VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 47 EP - 60 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Könning, Michael A1 - Heinrich, Kai A1 - Leyh, Christian A1 - Westner, Markus T1 - A quantitative analysis of culture-induced differences in pivotal IT outsourcing contract features T2 - Proceedings of the 27th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2019): Stockholm & Uppsala, Sweden, June 8-14 N2 - More than 30 years after its first implementation, IT outsourcing (ITO) is unanimously considered a critical component of corporate strategy for private and public institutions alike. While implementations of ITO around the world share some common characteristics like typical reasons for outsourcing, key success factors, or dimensions along which they can be classified, extant research also points to regional differences. However, research on this topic, specifically regarding pivotal contract features like contract value, contract length, or pricing methods, is still in its infancy, and quantitative analyses on the subject are particularly scarce. We address this research gap by analyzing data on 14,917 ITO contracts closed between 2007 and 2017 through the lens of cultural regions and three statistical methods. The contribution of our paper is threefold. First, our descriptive analysis points to globally decreasing contract lengths and contract values, confirming previous studies and practice reports. Second, an ANOVA with independent post-hoc testing provides quantitative supportfor the degree of dissimilarity among individual regions in pivotal ITO contract features. Finally, our quantitative replication of a previous study identifies culture-induced regional differences between USA and Japan regarding the effect of influence factors on ITO contract features. KW - IT Sourcing KW - IT Outsourcing KW - Sourcing Strategy KW - Contract Design KW - Cultural Regions KW - Betriebliches Informationssytem KW - Outsourcing KW - Vertrag KW - Kultur Y1 - 2019 UR - https://aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1115&context=ecis2019_rp SP - 1 EP - 15 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wulf, Frederik A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Schön, Maximilian A1 - Strahringer, Susanne A1 - Loebbecke, Claudia T1 - Preparing for a Digital Future: Cloud Strategy at Continental AG T2 - Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS 2019): Munich, Germany, December 15-18 N2 - This paper is directed towards IT executives aiming to promote the adoption of cloud computing (CC) with in their company. We conducted a longitudinal case study on the evolving CC strategy and its implementation at the multinational company Continental, based on a previous case study by Loebbecke et al. (2012). We narrate Continental's pathway towards CC adoption, which comprised the experimentation, professionalization, and utilization of CC, and discuss current and previous barriers encountered during the implementation. We derive five lessons learned that can serve as practical guidance for executives aiming to accelerate CC adoption within their own organization: (1) differentiate the CC strategy by delivery model; (2)drive proof of concepts to generate reusable blueprints; (3) preinvest in the integration of IaaS and PaaS providers; (4) implement CC gradually, transforming applications during the transition to the cloud; and (5) disseminate knowledge within the organization to enable change. KW - Cloud Computing KW - Strategy KW - Implementation KW - Adoption KW - Knowledge transfer KW - Cloud Computing KW - Implementierung Y1 - 2019 UR - https://aisel.aisnet.org/icis2019/practice_is_research/practice_is_research/1/ SP - 1 EP - 16 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Grundler, Andreas A1 - Westner, Markus T1 - Scaling Agile Frameworks vs. Traditional Project Portfolio Management BT - Comparison and Analysis T2 - Proceedings of the International Conferences on Internet Technologies & Society (ITS 2019), Hongkong N2 - Practitioners have developed numerous frameworks around scaling agile and lean methods. These frameworks are more frequently being used in practice in large-scale system development activities. Therefore, they are in the scope of project portfolio management. The paper examines the conformity of selected scaling agile frameworks to the objectives of project portfolio management through qualitative analysis. Four prominent frameworks are investigated: Scrum of Scrums, Large cale Scrum, Disciplined Agile, and the Scaled Agile Framework. The study shows significant differences between the frameworks and their view on project portfolio management with the Scaled Agile Framework offering the most detailed portfolio management-relevant processes and roles. In contrast to that, Large Scale Scrum does not see the need for portfolio management but promotes self-managing teams. Two of the four frameworks share the perception shift from projects to the products, which has significant implications for practitioners because it challenges and redefines prevalent management roles and practices. KW - Project Portfolio Management KW - PPM KW - Scaling Agile Frameworks KW - Agile at Large KW - Agile Softwareentwicklung KW - SAFe 〈Informatik〉 KW - Projektmanagement KW - Portfoliomanagement Y1 - 2019 UR - http://www.iadisportal.org/digital-library/scaling-agile-frameworks-vs-traditional-roject-portfolio-management-comparison-and-analysis SN - 978-989-8533-84-5 SP - 51 EP - 62 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Strahringer, Susanne T1 - Determinants of success in IS offshoring projects BT - Results from an empirical study of German companies JF - Information & Management N2 - High labor cost in western countries allows cost savings by companies engaging in IS offshoring. However, studies worldwide indicate that a large number of companies that engaged in IS offshoring are not satisfied with the outcome. Our study examined the determinants of IS offshore project success: We developed a model and empirically tested it with data collected from 304 experts who reported on projects offshored from Germany to a wide range of near and distant countries. The model posited a direct effect of offshoring expertise and trust in offshore service provider (OSP) on success, as well as an indirect effect mediated by project suitability, knowledge transfer, and liaison quality. An analysis using partial least squares (PLSs) provided significant support for almost all these relationships. However, it showed that offshoring expertise played a minor role in explaining success and the mediating constructs. Trust in OSP had a small direct effect on success and a medium to large effect on the mediating constructs. Project suitability, knowledge transfer, and liaison quality all had small direct effects on success. KW - Betriebliches Informationssystem KW - Offshoring KW - Wissensmanagement KW - Qualitätsmanagement KW - Information systems offshoring KW - Offshore project success KW - Project suitability KW - Knowledge transfer KW - Liaison quality KW - Offshoring expertise KW - Trust in offshore service provider KW - Partial least squares Y1 - 2010 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2010.06.003 VL - 47 IS - 5-6 SP - 291 EP - 299 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zemler, Florian A1 - Westner, Markus T1 - Blockchain and GDPR BT - Application Scenarios and Compliance Requirements T2 - Proceedings of the 30th Portland International Conference for Management of Engineering an Technology (PICMET), 2019, Portland, Oregon N2 - Blockchain and the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) are two topics that are currently highly discussed in academia and amongst professionals. The Blockchain technology is claimed to revolutionize how business is being conducted by its way of storing data and sharing it with others. The recently introduced GDPR has a huge impact on processing personal data because it brought major changes to privacy regulation. This might also affect the processing of personal data in Blockchain-based application scenarios. Based on literature analysis, the paper at hand provides an overview of the Blockchain technology, presents a decision model, and introduces two possible Blockchain application scenarios. It analyses relevant requirements of the GDPR in view of processing personal data and compares these with the fundamental principles of the Blockchain technology. The paper concludes that processing personal data in the Blockchain is violating the GDPR because it conflicts with fundamental specification of this regulation. This finding reveals the need for further research to propose concepts and frameworks for a GDPR-compliant processing of personal data using Blockchain technology. KW - Blockchain KW - GDPR KW - Blockchain KW - Europäische Union KW - Datenschutz-Grundverordnung Y1 - 2019 UR - https://doi.org/10.23919/PICMET.2019.8893923 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Strahringer, Susanne T1 - The current state of IS offshoring in Germany BT - Project characteristics and success patterns JF - Journal of Information Technology Management N2 - This paper empirically examines the current state of the IS offshoring phenomenon in Germany regarding project characteristics and success patterns. Relying on a sample of 304 projects conducted at various industry sectors and companies, results show that IS offshoring primarily occurs in sectors Telecommunications and IT at large corporations. Cost reduction is the main reason for going offshore and offshore projects are executed as part of a larger program at companies. Noticeably, most projects are delivered from India. Additionally, neither captive offshoring nor offshore outsourcing dominates as a de-livery option. Comparing different project subgroups regarding project success, the results reveal that projects delivered by an internal or partially owned service provider are more successful. Other project characteristics such as a project’s embedded-ness in a larger offshoring program, a project’s size, or a project’s offshoring degree in terms of relatively offshored labor hours show few significant differences. The paper addresses the paucity of empirical research on the current state of the IS offshoring phenomenon in Germany. KW - Offshoring KW - Nearshoring KW - Information systems sourcing KW - Outcome KW - Project success KW - Success factor KW - Betriebliches Informationssystem KW - Offfshoring Y1 - 2010 UR - http://jitm.ubalt.edu/XXI-1/article4.pdf VL - 21 IS - 1 SP - 49 EP - 70 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Strahringer, Susanne T1 - Evaluation criteria for selecting offshoring candidates BT - An analysis of practices in German businesses JF - Journal of Information Technology Management N2 - The identification of suitable applications or projects is a main initial step in any software development or maintenance related IS offshoring arrangement. This paper examines evaluation criteria and their importance for selecting application or project candidates for offshoring. Based on a literature analysis and interviews with 47 experts from 36 different German companies describing 64 case examples, we find that in contrast to the literature, “size”, “codification”, and “language” are perceived as important selection criteria by experts. Case examples additionally show that “business specificity” seems to be a main reason for application or project failures, that “business criticality” appears to be less important than suggested by the literature, and that adequate “size” might be a necessary prerequisite, but seems not to be a sufficient criterion for an application’s or project’s suitability for offshoring. These differences in comparison to findings from the literature may be explained by cultural and language differences. KW - Offshoring KW - Nearshoring KW - Outsourcing KW - What to offshore KW - Selection criteria KW - Information systems KW - Betriebliches Informationssystem KW - Offshoring KW - Projekt KW - Evaluation Y1 - 2008 UR - http://jitm.ubalt.edu/XIX-4/article2.pdf VL - 19 IS - 4 SP - 16 EP - 34 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wulf, Frederik A1 - Strahringer, Susanne A1 - Westner, Markus T1 - Information security risks, benefits, and mitigation measures in cloud sourcing T2 - Proceedings of the IEEE 21th Conference on Business Informatics (CBI): 2019, Moscow, Russia N2 - This paper develops a categorization of cloud security risks, elaborates how they impact information security, and discusses potential security benefits from cloud sourcing. This review integrates the literature on information systems and computer science to summarize managerial and technological mitigation measures that enhance cloud security. The analysis uncovers gaps regarding the empirical investigation of security considerations in the corporate decision-making process. Specifically, the micro level of how security comes into play in the decision-making process and whether mitigation measures proposed by scholars are practically feasible requires further investigation. Furthermore, the macro level, how stakeholders perceive cloud sourcing, is not yet well understood. KW - Cloud Computing KW - Security KW - Risks KW - Mitigation KW - Cloud Computing KW - Datensicherheit Y1 - 2019 UR - 10.1109/CBI.2019.00036 SP - 258 EP - 267 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Fuhrmann, Thomas A1 - Waas, Thomas A1 - Skelton, David T1 - Internationalization of a Computer Science Faculty BT - Lessons learned from a regional german technical university of applied sciences T2 - 9th Annual International Conference on Computer Science Education: Innovation and Technology (CSEIT 2018), 2018, Singapore N2 - The paper at hand describes how a regional university of applied sciences tried to internationalize its learning and teaching environment. It describes the challenges encountered, the managerial approach taken, illustrates the implemented initiatives, and how effective they turned out. The results might be relevant to faculty staff in managerial positions at regional universities all over the world that face the challenge to internationalize their teaching and learning environment for the benefit of their domestic students. KW - Internationalization KW - Faculty development KW - Change management KW - PDCA KW - Internationalisierung KW - Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften KW - Lernumwelt Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5176/2251-2195_CSEIT18.118 SP - 33 EP - 38 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Skelton, David A1 - Westner, Markus ED - Zegwaard, Karsten E. ED - Ford, Marty T1 - International internships BT - An investigation of international cooperative student experiences by partner institutions T2 - Refereed Proceedings of the 3rd International Research Symposium on Cooperative and Work-Integrated Education, Stuttgart, Germany : 3rd - 27th of June, 2018, Stuttgart, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany N2 - Students are increasingly considering expanding their cooperative experiences into the global environment. This paper investigates the experiences of students undertaking their internship capstone in other countries under the supervision of a partner institute and a participating industry sponsor. These experiences of German students interning in New Zealand (NZ), and NZ students interning in Germany offer an insight into the organisation required by the partner institutions and the comparative cultural and technical differences that these students have encountered. The international agreement between Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule (OTH) Regensburg, Germany, and the Eastern Institute of Technology (EIT), NZ, has already built a mutual framework of visiting lecturers teaching in each other's institutes, and a programme of hosting exchange students in each other's institutes. A natural progression of this partnership has now moved into the active recruitment and brokering of international internship opportunities for their respective final year Business and Information Technology (IT) students. The benefits are evident personally to the students, which are discussed in this paper, but there are also clear benefits for EIT and OTH in terms of marketing opportunities for prospective students and enriching the learning environments. This paper explores the challenges faced by the Schools of Business and Computing at EIT as it pioneers the first two years of establishing internship options for final year German exchange students within NZ, and matching final year EIT degree students to industry sponsors within Bavaria, a federal state of Germany. A qualitative approach was taken for this study with data acquired from internship students involved, the key organising lecturers from each institute, and industry sponsors from each country. A number of student, staff and industry representative interviews were conducted along with a cultural appraisal of relevant literature in the global education field. A further overview of the macro benefits for the partner institutes in terms of marketing, and programme enrichment is also part of the conclusion. The paper may be useful as a template for other institutes on developing international internship opportunities through global partners. KW - Wirtschaftswissenschaftliches Studium KW - Informatikstudium KW - Praktikum KW - Neuseeland KW - Deutschland Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336055832_Refereed_Proceedings_of_the_3rd_International_Research_Symposium_on_Cooperative_and_Work-Integrated_Education_Stuttgart_Germany SN - 978-0-473-46291-8 SP - 193 EP - 198 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bary, Benedikt von A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Strahringer, Susanne T1 - Do researchers investigate what practitioners deem relevant? BT - Gaps between research and practice in the field of information systems backsourcing T2 - Proceedings of the 20th IEEE International Conference on Business Informatics (IEEE CBI 2018): Vienna, Austria, 11-14 July N2 - There is a common understanding amongst academics that information systems (IS) research sometimes has limited relevance for practitioners. This can be explained by the fact that research lags behind the fast moving IS environment, has limited practical applicability and is hard to access. We have focused on the research area of IS backsourcing, and analyzed practitioner literature to increase our understanding of topics of interest for practitioners, to determine a potential gap between academic and practitioner literature, and to identify future research directions in this field. We observed that most publications are either news or background articles, focusing on describing backsourcing cases. Additionally, we identified four recurring themes, namely reasons for backsourcing, presentation of survey results, discussion of industry trends, and backsourcing success stories. The main reasons identified to trigger backsourcing decisions are cost savings, quality improvements, and increasing control and flexibility. By comparing our findings with academic literature on IS backsourcing, we conclude that generally both literature types cover similar topics. However, researchers have a more formulative or interpretive focus than the often descriptive practitioner literature. Academic literature also examines a broader range of topics, while practitioner literature has a narrower focus. Additionally, we observe one difference regarding applied terminology: while researchers employ the term backsourcing, practitioners mostly use back in-house or insourcing. Our paper contributes to facilitating the exchange between academics and practitioners, presents topics to consider when aiming to increase practical relevance and provides researchers with concrete directions for future research within the field of IS backsourcing. KW - Betriebliches Informationssystem KW - Backsourcing KW - Anwendung KW - Literaturbericht KW - Information systems KW - Backsourcing KW - Practical applicability Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/CBI.2018.00014 SP - 40 EP - 49 ER -