TY - CHAP A1 - Käss, Sebastian A1 - Godefroid, Marie A1 - Borghoff, Vincent A1 - Strahringer, Susanne A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Plattfaut, Ralf T1 - Towards a taxonomy of concepts describing IT outside the IT department T2 - Australasian Conference on Information Systems 2021, Sydney N2 - Due to technological advances, IT is increasingly introduced and managed outside of (or even hidden from) an organisation's IT department. As a result, researchers and practitioners have created multiple concepts describing different facets and trends of this development. While the individual concepts typically focus on different aspects, there are overlaps between these concepts. This effect hampers research progress as it creates redundancies and separate streams of knowledge development. We propose a taxonomy of the concepts Lightweight IT, IT Consumerisation, Bring Your Own Device, Shadow IT, and Business-Managed IT to solve this research problem based on a systematic literature review. For this purpose, we derive characterising dimensions of each concept from existing studies and analyse literature according to the usage of terms. As a result, we can describe and delineate the concepts. Thus, we contribute a taxonomy of IT outside the IT department to improve the transfer of research results between research streams. KW - IT outside the IT KW - Shadow IT KW - Taxonomy KW - Lightweight IT KW - IT Consumerisation Y1 - 2021 UR - https://aisel.aisnet.org/acis2021/9/ ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kopper, Andreas A1 - Strahringer, Susanne A1 - Westner, Markus T1 - Kontrollierte Nutzung von Schatten-IT T2 - IT-GRC-Management - Governance, Risk und Compliance N2 - Basierend auf einer systematischen und umfangreichen Analyse von Praxisbeiträgen zum Thema Schatten-IT und einer Interviewstudie mit 16 IT-Führungskräften beschreibt der vorliegende Artikel Governance-Aspekte zu diesem Phänomen. Er ergänzt damit vorhergehende akademische Studien. Es zeigt sich, dass unter Praktikern der Eindruck vorherrscht, dass IT-Abteilungen unter zunehmendem Druck stehen, schneller auf sich ändernde Anforderungen aus den Fachbereichen reagieren zu müssen. Können IT-Abteilungen diesen Erwartungen nicht entsprechen, beschaffen sich Fachbereiche und Nutzer selbst Lösungen in Form von Schatten-IT. Als mögliche Antwort darauf kann sich die IT-Abteilung agiler organisieren und die IT-Architektur im Unternehmen modernisieren. Eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht darin, sich das innovative Potenzial von Schatten-IT zunutze zu machen und deren Umsetzung aktiv durch organisatorische und technische Maßnahmen zu unterstützen. IT-Sicherheitsmanagement und technische Schutzmechanismen können helfen, die so entstandenen Lösungen abzusichern und die Risiken zu minimieren. Die IT-Abteilung könnte sich als Konsequenz aus all diesen Maßnahmen zu einem nutzerorientierten, internen Service-Provider und strategischen Partner für die Fachbereiche entwickeln. Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-3-658-20058-9 SN - 978-3-658-20059-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-20059-6_9 SP - 129 EP - 150 PB - Springer Vieweg CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kratzer, Simon A1 - Strahringer, Susanne A1 - Westner, Markus T1 - Der Chief Information Officer als Forschungsgegenstand: Ein Blick zurück auf vier Jahrzehnte Forschung und ein Ausblick auf zukünftige Perspektiven JF - HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik N2 - Trotz der Relevanz und des Reifegrads des Forschungsbereichs Chief Information Officer (CIO) gibt es nur wenige Studien, die den aktuellen Wissensstand objektiv und umfänglich zusammenfassen. Die vorliegende Arbeit schließt diese Forschungslücke und präsentiert eine umfassende Literaturübersicht über das CIO-Forschungsfeld unter Verwendung der Hauptpfadanalyse. Anhand einer quantitativen und qualitativen Analyse von 438 Forschungsbeiträgen werden die zentralen Arbeiten in der CIO-Forschung und verschiedene Forschungsrichtungen identifiziert. Es zeigt sich, dass sowohl etablierte Forschungsrichtungen, wie z. B. ‚Entwicklung der CIO-Rolle‘ und ‚Hierarchische Position und Beziehungen des CIOs‘, als auch neu entstehende Forschungsrichtungen, wie z. B. ‚CIO als Business Enabler‘, wachsende Aufmerksamkeit auf sich ziehen. Auf der Grundlage der Ergebnisse werden vielversprechende weitere Wege auf dem Gebiet der CIO-Forschung aufgezeigt, z. B. solche, die den Einfluss neuerer Technologien untersuchen. N2 - Despite the relevance and maturity of research related to the Chief Information Officer (CIO) role, there are few studies that objectively and comprehensively summarize the current state of the art. This paper fills this research gap and presents a comprehensive literature review of the CIO research field using main path analysis. Based on a quantitative and qualitative analysis of 438 research articles, the central contributions in CIO research and different research directions are identified. Our results show that both established research directions, such as ‘CIO Role Development’ and ‘CIO Hierarchical Position and Relationships’, and emerging research directions, such as ‘CIO as Business Enabler’, are attracting growing attention. Based on the results, we derive promising further directions in the field of CIO research, e.g., such as those investigating the impact of new technologies. T2 - The Chief Information Officer as a Research Field: A Retrospective on four Decades of Research and an Outlook on Future Perspectives KW - Bibliometrische Analyse KW - Forschungsagenda KW - Literaturübersicht KW - Chief Information Officer Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1365/s40702-022-00878-5 VL - 59 SP - 721 EP - 740 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Brosig, Christoph A1 - Bley, Katja A1 - Strahringer, Susanne A1 - Westner, Markus T1 - The Missing Piece – Calibration of Qualitative Data for Qualitative Comparative Analyses in IS Research T2 - Thirtieth European Conference on Information Systems, New Horizons in Digitally United Societies (ECIS 2022): 18. - 24.06.2022, Timisoara, Romania N2 - Over the last years, configurational research has become increasingly popular in the Information Systems (IS) discipline. Researchers value configurational methods like Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) as their application contributes to a better understanding of complex phenomena. QCA helps to uncover interrelations of conditions that lead to an outcome, building on the principles of equifinality, conjunctural causation, and asymmetry. More recently, IS researchers have started to analyze qualitative data, like case study data, with QCA. However, there is a lack of methodological guidance on how to calibrate qualitative data into set membership values for QCA. Therefore, this paper structures methodological steps and the associated options to calibrate qualitative data from an interdisciplinary perspective and critically reviews the observed methodological choices in IS research. This paper also gives recommendations for calibrating qualitative data to support informed methodological choices for future research. KW - Qualitative Comparative Analysis KW - Qualitative Data KW - Methodology KW - Data Calibration Y1 - 2022 UR - https://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2022_rp/37/ SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Association for Information Systems ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Held, Tobias A1 - Westner, Markus T1 - IT Business Value Measurement and Communication among German CIOs: A Conceptual Framework T2 - 2022 IEEE 24th Conference on Business Informatics (CBI): 15-17 June 2022, Amsterdam, Netherlands N2 - This paper applies design science research methodology to iteratively develop a framework for measuring and communicating IT business value from a CIO perspective. The framework design is based on analysis and integration of literature combined with empirical findings. The framework was evaluated by CIO interviews and a practical feasibility study. The results show that IT business value can be measured and communicated using our framework by applying six consecutive process steps. Thereby, IT business value is not a single number but a set of quantitative and qualitative metrics relevant to stakeholders. Our framework represents a novel and integrated approach on how CIOs can select appropriate metrics, measure, and communicate IT business value to stakeholders. In addition, the paper provides insights for CIOs on how to be successful in IT business value management. KW - Chief Information Officer KW - CIO KW - Conceptual Framework KW - IT business value KW - IT business value measurement KW - IT business value communication KW - organizations Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/CBI54897.2022.00023 SP - 146 EP - 155 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Käss, Sebastian A1 - Strahringer, Susanne A1 - Westner, Markus T1 - Drivers and Inhibitors of Low Code Development Platform Adoption T2 - 2022 IEEE 24th Conference on Business Informatics (CBI): 15.06. - 17.06.2022, Amsterdam N2 - When done right, the use of low code development promises a significant competitive advantage in the software development process for organizations. Thus, multiple vendors have created low code development platforms to ease the use of low code development. However, current research on low code development platforms mainly focuses on the technological aspects of the platforms but not on their adoption. Hence, it remains unclear what drives and inhibits the adoption of low code development platforms. We conducted a literature review and identified thirteen factors that inhibit the adoption and seven factors that drive it. We structure these factors along with the diffusion of innovation framework that helps to disentangle drivers and inhibitors. As a result, we provide an initial explanation of the adoption of low code development platforms. Nevertheless, we conclude that existing research on the adoption of low code development platforms is not specific enough to understand the phenomenon substantially. Further, for some factors (e.g., cost), there is a disagreement in the academic literature on whether they are drivers or inhibitors. Hence, we identify gaps and derive avenues for future research. KW - low code KW - no code KW - adoption KW - driver KW - inhibitor Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/CBI54897.2022.00028 SP - 196 EP - 205 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hassmann, Tobias A1 - Westner, Markus ED - Marcinkowski, Bartosz ED - Przybyłek, Adam ED - Jarzębowicz, Aleksander ED - Iivari, Netta ED - Insfran, Emilio ED - Lang, Michael ED - Linger, Henry ED - Schneider, Christoph T1 - Enhancing Expert Interviews: Insights from Information Systems and Digital Transformation Research T2 - 32nd International conference on information systems development (ISD 2024), August 26-28, 2024, Gdańsk, Poland T2 - Harnessing Opportunities: Reshaping ISD in the post-COVID-19 and Generative AI Era N2 - Expert interviews, a commonly employed qualitative data collection procedure in information systems (IS) research, lack consistent conceptualization. This paper aims to address this gap by providing a conceptual framework and comprehensive guidelines for a rigorous implementation of expert interviews, supported by real-world examples. After a systematic selection of method-relevant literature, a thematic analysis of twenty-eight articles, books, and book chapters is conducted to elicit the distinctive characteristics and rigorous conduct of expert interviews. Validation is provided by analyzing nineteen studies published in important IS outlets that use expert interviews. A particular focus is on a subset of five studies that cover digital transformation topics. The analysis reveals expert interviews’ flexibility as data collection procedure and shows the wide range of application opportunities for IS researchers. Lastly, we discuss theoretical and practical implications of our findings to enhance the rigor, systematic use, and relevance of expert interviews in IS research. KW - digital transformation KW - expert interviews KW - qualitative IS research KW - research methodology Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-83-972632-0-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.62036/ISD.2024.48 PB - AIS eLibrary ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Holler, Nathalie A1 - Westner, Markus T1 - Factors Influencing Cloud Computing Adoption in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Systematic Review JF - Informatica N2 - This paper investigates the factors influencing cloud computing adoption in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) through a systematic literature review. The analysis identified twelve key factors influencing the adoption of cloud computing in SMEs. Based on the Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) model and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), a conceptual framework was developed for future research. The most important factors are cost, organisational readiness, compatibility, relative advantage and top management support. Other influential factors include security, perceived usefulness, firm size, government support, perceived ease of use, vendor support and competitive pressure. The majority of studies were conducted in Asian countries, including developing countries, limiting the generalisability of the findings to SMEs in more developed economies. This research highlights the need for cloud computing solutions that not only reduce costs and ensure high levels of security and privacy, but are also easy to use and integrate. Further research is recommended to explore these factors within SMEs in more developed economies. KW - cloud computing adoption KW - small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) KW - technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework KW - systematic literature review KW - digital transformation Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v49i1.6971 SN - 1854-3871 VL - 49 IS - 1 PB - Slovenian Association Informatika ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hassmann, Tobias A1 - Westner, Markus T1 - A Framework for Rigorous Execution and Presentation of Expert Interviews in IS and Digital Transformation Research T2 - Advances in Information Systems Development: Exploring New Horizons and Opportunities N2 - This article addresses the inconsistent conceptualization of expert interviews in information systems (IS) research by providing a structured framework for their rigorous execution and presentation. Through a thematic analysis of 28 method-relevant papers, key characteristics and good practices for executing expert interviews are identified. Additionally, 39 highly cited IS studies were reviewed to examine expert interview utilization in IS research and to identify good practices for presenting expert interview outcomes, which are further validated on nine digital transformation (DT) studies. Our findings highlight the adaptability and varied applications of expert interviews in IS research and offer recommendations to strengthen rigor in their preparation, execution, and presentation of outcomes. Theoretical and practical implications are provided to guide a more systematic and rigorous use of expert interviews in IS research. Y1 - 2025 SN - 9783031878794 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87880-0_4 SN - 2195-4968 SP - 63 EP - 86 PB - Springer Nature CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Strasser, Artur A1 - Strahringer, Susanne A1 - Westner, Markus T1 - Determinants of success and failure of knowledge transfer in information systems offshoring BT - A ranking-type Delphi study JF - International Journal of Information Technology and Management N2 - The transfer of knowledge from client to service provider poses major challenges in information systems (IS) offshoring projects. Knowledge transfer directly affects IS offshoring success. Therefore, associated challenges must be overcome. Our study examines the determinants of success and failure of knowledge transfer in IS offshoring projects based on a ranking-type Delphi study. We questioned 32 experts from Germany, each with more than ten years of experience in near- or offshore initiatives to seek a consensus among them. We identified 19 success and 20 failure determinants. These determinants are ranked in order of importance using best-worst scaling. Aspects of closer cooperation are critical for effective knowledge transfer. This includes regular collaboration, willingness to help and support, and mutual trust. In contrast, critical determinants of failure are concerned with fears and fluctuation of human resources. Hidden ambiguities or knowledge gaps, an unwillingness and disability to share knowledge, and high fluctuation of human resources negatively impact knowledge transfer. KW - best-worst scaling KW - Delphi KW - Information systems offshoring KW - knowledge transfer KW - determinants of success Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1504/IJITM.2023.10055151 SN - 1741-5179 VL - 22 IS - 1/2 PB - Inderscience ER -