TY - JOUR A1 - Bresinsky, Markus T1 - Understanding Hybrid Warfare as Asymmetric Conflict : Systemic Analysis by Safety, Security and Certainty JF - On-line Journal Modelling the New Europe N2 - The emergence of innovative methods and operations in asymmetric conflicts as for example unidentifiable soldiers during the Crimean conflict in 2014 or sophisticated cyberattack against Estonia in 2007 was a trigger for both analysts and scholars to rethink scientific concepts of asymmetric conflict. With introduction of the concept 'hybrid warfare' a new systematic element was established in scientific research. Nevertheless, the concept is discussed rather controversially and often its scientific value is questioned. Most of the literature describes the empirical phenomena of hybrid warfare, but does not provide a theoretical based argumentation. This paper addresses the neglected aspect of systemic analysis by focusing on vulnerability of modern societies and outlines a concept based on the theoretical idea of safety, security and certainty to grasp the underlying driving factors of new forms and methods in asymmetric conflicts. The analysis presented here shows that sociology and system engineering have already developed valuable conceptual definitions of safety, security and certainty that can be used for the analysis of asymmetric conflicts. The missing link, closed by this paper, was an interdisciplinary approach to integrate these concepts into an analysis framework. The findings indicated that the new forms of asymmetric conflicts can be understood as a concise and precise analysis of systemic weaknesses of nation states and their societies. Still, Western European nations focus their security policy mainly on past challenges of war and peace. Therefore, societies of these nations remain highly vulnerable to safety threats and uncertainty. The presented theoretical framework supported this result and should, therefore, be of value to analysts and scientists alike aiming to identify the underlying systemic factors of innovative asymmetric conflict. KW - Certainty KW - Hybrid warfare KW - safety KW - Security KW - Systemic analysis KW - Theoretical framework Y1 - 2016 UR - https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/understanding-hybrid-warfare-as-asymmetric/docview/1872206522/se-2 IS - 21 SP - 29 EP - 51 PB - Babes-Bolyai University ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Bresinsky, Markus A1 - Schroeder, Johanna A1 - Viscardi, Valerio T1 - Strategic Forecasting with Machine Learning for Regional Geopolitical Analysis Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.oth-regensburg.de/fileadmin/media/presse/pressedownload/pressematerial/pdf/2020/OTH_RCAI_DinA0_KI_Bresinsky_Web.pdf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bresinsky, Markus A1 - Reusner, Florian von T1 - GLOBE – Learn and Innovate Digitization by a Virtual Collaboration Exercise and Living Lab T2 - Interactivity, Game Creation, Design, Learning, and Innovation. 6th International Conference, ArtsIT 2017, and Second International Conference, DLI 2017, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, October 30–31, 2017, Proceedings N2 - This paper presents an advanced interactive learning platform .dot that implements the GLOBE exercise, using innovative information and communication technologies to enhance learning and development of management and leadership skills in a complex organizational setting. GLOBE on the one hand focuses on competences around ICT and virtual collaboration, and on the other hand on digital transformation, technologies and tools at higher education institutions. By this applied science, learning and developing on the real-world platform, analysis and drive of digital innovation and transformation can be fostered. The main goal is to co-create knowledge and solutions in the following focused subjects: Management and leadership of multidisciplinary, multinational and multicultural virtual and real collaboration in a complex organizational environment. GLOBE uses real world scenarios (e.g. United Nations mission) and involves real world actors. This comprehensive educational approach should enhance learning techniques and leverage learning progress with hands-on experiences and applied science in the context of ICT and virtual collaboration, and the embodied dynamics of behavior to support innovation and development. KW - Digitization KW - Experiential learning KW - Human factors KW - ICT KW - Interactive and collaborative learning KW - Living Lab KW - Open innovation KW - Problem-based learning KW - Virtual collaboration Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76908-0_26 SP - 273 EP - 281 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Neugart, Sandrine A1 - Bresinsky, Markus T1 - Situational Awareness of Critical Infrastructures at the Local Level – Fostering Resilience Through Accessible Method-based Analysis T2 - Critical Infrastructure Protection and Resilience Europe (CIPRE) 2022, Bukarest (Rumänien) N2 - Critical infrastructure protection and resilience start at the local level. While laws and regulations provide the necessary frameworks within which the various stakeholders act, little effort has been made to bring together local and regional actors in order to facilitate a shared understanding of critical infrastructure (CI) risks and security. Such a common analysis, however, is essential to identifying local vulnerabilities, understanding their key drivers as well as their interdependencies, and ultimately, to adapting strategies which overall contribute to improving the security of KRITIS in the region. This paper outlines a best practice approach to analyzing risks associated with KRITIS and their interdependencies at the local level. It addresses frequently overlooked issues such as bringing together different stakeholders whilst making the discussion accessible and comprehensible to everyone. It also deals with analytic questions regarding the development of a methods-based approach to situational awareness, ranging from defining appropriate categories of thinking to mitigating the impact of potential biases influencing the different thought processes. In order to advance these ideas, the analysis is based on thorough research as well as first-hand experience from running local workshops for stakeholders of KRITIS. Overall, this paper seeks to develop a format which encourages action among KRITIS stakeholders at the local level. It approaches critical infrastructures from a system thinking perspective, whilst linking intellectual accessibility with the rigor of academic analysis. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-55676 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Reusner, Florian A1 - Pöhner, Miriam A1 - Bresinsky, Markus T1 - The Joint Effort Workshop as a tool for Knowledge Management and competence development T2 - 5th International Conference on Higher Education Advances (HEAd'19): 26.06.2019 - 28.06.2019, Valencia N2 - Cybersecurity is a complex global phenomenon where the risk for individuals, organisation and the society at large are at risk. These risks need to be in focus and solutions for the prevention and developing countermeasures. In this paper, we describe the Joint Effort Workshop as an approach to raise awareness to these threads and the possibility to generate and exchange knowledge between students and experts. We conclude that mechanisms for systematic response to attacks need the developed technical requirements, but foremost human behaviour, knowledge and resilience to response to risks, which can be experienced through the collaborative environment of the Joint Effort Workshop KW - Collaborative Learning KW - Critical Infrastructure KW - Cybersecurity KW - Knowledge Management KW - Organizational Learning KW - Virtual Collaboration Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-26973 SN - 9788490486610 PB - Universitat Politècnica València CY - Valencia ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bresinsky, Markus A1 - Schröder, J. A1 - Viscardi, Valerio T1 - Strategic Forecasting with Machine Learning for Geopolitical Analysis T2 - Η Περιφερειακή Επιστήμη, το μέλλον της και οι προκλήσεις στα πεδία της έρευνας και της εφαρμογής : 21ο Επιστημονικό Συνέδριο του Συνδέσμου Ελλήνων Περιφερειολόγων Ελληνικό Μεσογειακό Πανεπιστήμιο, Ηράκλειο Κρήτης, 16-17 Οκτωβρίου 2020 - Challenges for the Future of Regional Science: Research and Applications; 21st Conference: Heraklion, Crete, Oktober 2020 N2 - Strategic forecasting of regional geopolitical development is important for early warning and contingency planning. Open source data and machine learning can help to identify indicators for effective scenario development. Using data of the Bertelsmann Transformation Index (BTI) and the machine learning software Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA), this paper gives an insight into the generation of a decision tree to provide indicators for forecasting regional development across parts of Northern and Western Africa. Results show that machine learning with open source data can support redefining indicator development but does not replace critical thinking. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://drive.google.com/file/d/1o2qAxcnq5srRr8r8okibHWwb4O0c69Oz/view SN - 978-618-00-2351-0 SP - 267 EP - 276 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bresinsky, Markus A1 - Schroeder, Johanna A1 - Viscardi, Valerio T1 - Asymmetry in Trust Building – different perspectives in gains and losses explained via Prospect Theory T2 - Common Effort Conference: Oktober 2020 N2 - Building trust within conflicts situations is a required process to establish a suitable environment for peace keeping and state building processes. However, it remains unclear what are the best ways to foster trusts between actors in a conflict environment. This study draws insights from the literature on trust and from Kahneman’s Prospect Theory to analyse the decision-making dynamics of the actors involved in a conflict and how these dynamics could affect the trust levels between those actors. To this purpose, the fourfold pattern of preferences I applied to a thought experiments where opposing actors in a conflict in the Sahel face the decision to accept or refuse a peace agreement when either one of the two actors face huge gains or catastrophic losses. The main findings is that, in those extreme situations, the actors involved tend to take unnational decisions that undermine the trust building process in the country. Therefore, it would be recommendable to boost situations where actors are negotiating in a more balanced environment. To this purpose, further research should be conducted on the ways to create such suitable environment for trust building. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.common-effort.org/_files/ugd/3985f9_23f7877643424e62863028ecae811942.pdf SP - 1 EP - 9 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bresinsky, Markus A1 - Willner, Sophia ED - Brooks, Anthony L. ED - Brooks, Eva Irene T1 - GLOBE - Cognitive and Social Competence Development by Virtual Collaboration and Simulation Games T2 - Interactivity, Game Creation, Design, Learning, and Innovation. 8th EAI International Conference, ArtsIT 2019, and 4th EAI International Conference, DLI 2019, Aalborg, Denmark, November 6-8, 2019, Proceedings N2 - This paper first examines a variety of conceptual contemporary challenges and cognitive shortcomings of public policy makers, entrepreneurs and other practitioners in Germany as a knowledge-based economy. Systems thinking, digital competencies and several modern leadership skills are identified as possibilities to meet contemporary challenges in fast changing and complex environments. Modern leadership skills and promising working styles imply the ability to manage agile processes, flexibility and diversity, and the modus operandi as self-organizing networks. After that, the simulation game GLOBE Exercise at the OTH Regensburg is introduced as an innovative and transformative learning method. In its concept, the GLOBE Exercise combines virtual collaboration with Action Learning, and thus contributes to skills development and transfer both concerning digital competencies and analytical skills. KW - Action learning KW - ICT Simulation games KW - Interactive and collaborative learning KW - Leadership Digitization KW - Problem-based learning KW - Systems thinking KW - Virtual Collaboration Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-030-06133-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06134-0_37 SP - 331 EP - 342 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bresinsky, Markus A1 - Detje, Frank A1 - Littschwager, Martin ED - Badke-Schaub, Petra ED - Hofinger, Gesine ED - Lauche, Kristina T1 - Militär: Handeln in komplexen Problemlagen T2 - Human Factors: Psychologie sicheren Handelns in Risikobranchen Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-3-642-19886-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19886-1_15 SP - 263 EP - 274 PB - Springer ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bresinsky, Markus A1 - Willner, Sophia ED - Brooks, Anthony L. ED - Brooks, Eva Irene T1 - GLOBE - Digital Literacy and Organizational Learning by Scenario-Driven Exercises T2 - Interactivity, Game Creation, Design, Learning, and Innovation: 8th EAI International Conference, ArtsIT 2019, and 4th EAI International Conference, DLI 2019: Aalborg, Denmark, November 6-8, 2019, Proceedings N2 - Due to rapid technological development and fast-changing working environments, organizations active in such context find themselves facing internal change and adaption processes. Originally prominent among start-up or IT-companies, the use of management concepts to steer such change processes and to increase efficiency also spread among humanitarian organizations preoccupied with crisis management. In this regard, concepts retrieved from the domain of Organization Development offer a great potential to facilitate change processes and to enhance learning among practitioners. The notions of Learning Organization and Quality Management are combined with the theory of Argyris and Schön’s Levels of Learning. This combination then serves as a theoretical decision-making base used in a simulation game at the University of Applied Sciences OTH Regensburg. Within this scenario-driven exercise, Quality Management, virtual collaboration and digital skills are trained. During the simulation game, participants are encouraged to think critically, to utilize new technologies and to apply their problem-solving skills to real-life examples, which ultimately aims at preparing students for a dynamic working environment within the era of digitization. KW - Deming cycle KW - Learning organization KW - Organization development KW - Simulation games KW - Situational awareness KW - Virtual Collaboration Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-030-53293-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53294-9_51 SP - 671 EP - 682 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER -