TY - JOUR A1 - Ng, Ming Shan A1 - Hall, Daniel A1 - Schmailzl, Marc A1 - Linner, Thomas A1 - Bock, Thomas T1 - Identifying enabler and relational ontology networks in design for digital fabrication JF - Automation in construction N2 - As use of digital fabrication increases in architecture, engineering and construction, the industry seeks appropriate management and processes to enable the adoption during the design/planning phase. Many enablers have been identified across various studies; however, a comprehensive synthesis defining the enablers of design for digital fabrication does not yet exist. This work conducts a systematic literature review of 59 journal articles published in the past decade and identifies 140 enablers under eight categories: actors, resources, conditions, attributes, processes, artefacts, values and risks. The enablers’ frequency network is illustrated using an adjacency matrix. Through the lens of actor-network theory, the work creates a relational ontology to demonstrate the linkages between different enablers. Three examples are presented using onion diagrams: circular construction focus, business model focus and digital twin in industrialisation focus. Finally, this work discusses the intersection of relational ontology with process modelling to design future digital fabrication work routines. KW - digital fabrication KW - relational ontology network KW - actor-network theory KW - process modelling Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104592 VL - 144 IS - December SP - 1 EP - 20 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ng, Ming Shan A1 - Hall, Daniel A1 - Schmailzl, Marc A1 - Linner, Thomas A1 - Bock, Thomas T1 - Identifying enablers and relational ontology networks in design for digital fabrication JF - Automation in Construction N2 - As use of digital fabrication increases in architecture, engineering and construction, the industry seeks appropriate management and processes to enable the adoption during the design/planning phase. Many enablers have been identified across various studies; however, a comprehensive synthesis defining the enablers of design for digital fabrication does not yet exist. This work conducts a systematic literature review of 59 journal articles published in the past decade and identifies 140 enablers under eight categories: actors, resources, conditions, attributes, processes, artefacts, values and risks. The enablers' frequency network is illustrated using an adjacency matrix. Through the lens of actor-network theory, the work creates a relational ontology to demonstrate the linkages between different enablers. Three examples are presented using onion diagrams: circular construction focus, business model focus and digital twin in industrialisation focus. Finally, this work discusses the intersection of relational ontology with process modelling to design future digital fabrication work routines. KW - Digital fabrication KW - Enablers KW - Relational ontology network KW - Actor-Network Theory (ANT) KW - Process modelling Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104592 SN - 0926-5805 VL - 144 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hu, Rongbo A1 - Linner, Thomas A1 - Schmailzl, Marc A1 - Güttler, Jörg A1 - Lu, Yuan A1 - Bock, Thomas ED - Tateyama, Kazuyoshi ED - Ishii, Kazuo ED - Inoue, Fumihiro T1 - Exploring Gerontechnology for Aging-Related Diseases in Design Education: An Interdisciplinary Perspective T2 - Proceedings of the 37th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2020): From Demonstration to Practical Use, To New Stage of Construction Robot, October 27-28, 2020, Kitakyushu, Japan N2 - Aging society is not only a crisis in the developed world but also a severe challenge in some emerging economies. However, the awareness of population aging and gerontechnology is far from sufficiently addressed in the architectural design education in universities. Therefore, an interdisciplinary approach in design education is urgently needed to raise the awareness of the aging crisis among the future architects, interior designers, and beyond. This article introduces a novel model of a design seminar offered by a German University, addressing population aging issues in the architecture department. The syllabus, formality, and the expected results of the seminar are revealed in detail. The participants are encouraged to apply interdisciplinary knowledge such as barrier-free architecture, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, robotics, medicine, psychology, and business to achieve the goals of the seminar. Based on the originality and degree of completion, several students' works are selected and reported, targeting a variety of diseases or syndromes related to aging, such as dementia, immobility, and tremors. Overall, participants of this seminar are motivated and have positive feedback on this seminar, oftentimes claiming that they have seldom studied similar topics in previous architecture education. This enables students from architecture as well as other fields to be better prepared to tackle the upcoming challenges such as labor shortages and infectious diseases in a rapidly aging world. Furthermore, the seminar creates novel concepts that serve as a win-win "honeypot" for both students and their instructors, potentially sparking research topics and start-ups with concepts fostered in this seminar. KW - aging-related diseases KW - Bauhaus 2.0 KW - COVID-19 KW - Dementia KW - Design education KW - Gerontechnology KW - Interdisciplinary Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-952-94-3634-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2020/0102 SP - 735 EP - 742 PB - The International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (I.A.A.R.C.) ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmailzl, Marc A1 - Spitzhirn, M. A1 - Eder, Friedrich A1 - Krüll, Georg A1 - Obergrießer, Mathias A1 - Linner, Thomas A1 - Albalkhy, Wassim A1 - Lafhaj, Zoubeir T1 - Towards interfacing human centered design processes with the AEC industry by leveraging BIM-based planning methodologies T2 - 40th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2023): Chennai, India, July 3–9, 2023 N2 - Digital workflows in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry have been working with a wide range of software solutions trying to enable a Design-to-Production (DtP) end-to-end data flow. Thereby, state-of-the-art software solutions attempt to streamline the design and production processes accordingly. However, most digital workflows lack in terms of adequate sequential data preparation, agglomeration, and interfacing capabilities for consecutive design phases. These issues result in long, tedious correction loops, a wide range of software solutions and extensions to mitigate the issues. In addition, many digital workflows do not consider or integrate construction, production and machine relevant data holistically (respectively geometry and semantics). In this context, the production relevant data in from of human-centered work process data referring to digital human models (DHM), derived human abilities, safety and ergonomic criteria are often neglected. However, this is essential to interface the construction, human and machine relevant data in a holistic manner. This paper therefore proposes a DtP-workflow which is intended to solve some of the issues by interfacing relevant software solutions incorporating construction, production (including DHM and more) and machine relevant data in a holistic manner using a Building Information Modeling (BIM)-approach (based on the IFC schema). In this regard, the DtP-workflow aims to reverse common top-down digital workflows by considering and integrating the relevant data for consecutive design phases from the beginning. Subsequently, the DtP-workflow should achieve a reduction in planning effort. KW - Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry KW - Building Information Modeling (BIM) KW - Interoperability KW - Digital Human model (DHM) Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-0-6458322-0-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2023/0045 SN - 2413-5844 SP - 325 EP - 332 PB - I.A.A.R.C. ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Kuhn, Alexander A1 - Franzius, Jan Niklas A1 - Möller, Dennis A1 - Pralle, Norbert A1 - Reich, Franziska A1 - Hellmuth, René A1 - Tombeil, Anne-Sophie A1 - Wenzel, Günter A1 - Linner, Thomas A1 - Schmailzl, Marc T1 - Machbarkeitsstudie für den Aufbau eines Kompetenzzentrums für Baurobotik im Hochbau : Akronym: CONSAS (Construction Assistance Robotics) : innerhalb des Förderschwerpunktes des BMBF "Roboter für Assistenzfunktionen: Interaktion in der Praxis" Phase 1: Machbarkeitsstudie N2 - The overall aim of the project proposal is to develop a systematic, integrative approach for the use of assistance robotics on building construction sites, involving all stakeholders in construction robotics. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2314/KXP:1845903056 N1 - CC BY-ND 3.0 PB - Ed. Züblin AG CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Saffert, Anne-Sophie A1 - Schmailzl, Marc A1 - Spitzhirn, Michael A1 - Linner, Thomas T1 - A Cyber-Physical Toolbox for Teaching Digital Construction – Technical Configuration, Learning Tactics and Hands-On Testing and Evaluation in Dedicated Courses T2 - Learning Factories of the Future, Proceedings of the 14th Conference on Learning Factories 2024, Volume 2 N2 - The construction industry faces substantial economic, environmental, and social challenges. Simultaneously, the industry experiences one of the lowest degrees of digitalization. In this context, cyber-physical education is essential to empower learners with skills to utilize digital and physical solutions more effectively. Therefore, a modular as well as construction specific learning setting was designed. The setting facilitates a range of topics, such as production planning considering human and robot capabilities, (semi-) automated construction machines, robotics, sensing & actuation and more. The digital part of the cyber-physical toolbox consists of various methods and tools to learn programming languages, frameworks, offline simulators, post-processors and more. This step is essential to enable an end-to-end data-/workflow from design (e.g., BIM-based planning methodologies) to (machine-based) production. A focus is given to human-machine/-robot collaboration and appropriate simulation tools (e.g., emaWD) enabling the incorporation of human factors. The physical setting is highly modular, and each device and its periphery can be customized to a broad variety of learning scenarios and levels. This paper describes the details of the learning setting, extracts learning strategies, and analyzes selected learning scenarios and their initial testing in various learning formats. KW - learning setting KW - production planning KW - construction industry KW - human-robot collaboration Y1 - 2024 SN - 9783031653995 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-65400-8_10 SN - 2367-3370 SP - 83 EP - 91 PB - Springer Nature CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kuhn, Alexander A1 - Franzius, Jan Niklas A1 - Möller, Dennis A1 - Pralle, Norbert A1 - Reich, Franziska A1 - Hellmuth, René A1 - Tombeil, Anne-Sophie A1 - Wenzel, Günter A1 - Linner, Thomas A1 - Schmailzl, Marc A1 - Hu, Rongbo A1 - Bock, Thomas A1 - Maufroy, Christophe A1 - Kopp, Verena A1 - Bölke, Nico A1 - Daub, Urban T1 - Kompetenzzentrum für Baurobotik im Hochbau (CONSAS) - Förderkennzeichen 16SV8637 T2 - Roboter für Assistenzfunktionen: Konzeptstudien für die Interaktion in der Praxis Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373084211_Kompetenzzentrum_fur_Baurobotik_im_Hochbau_CONSAS_-_Forderkennzeichen_16SV8637 SN - 9783731512448 SP - 169 EP - 207 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hoeng, Simon Konrad A1 - Eder, Friedrich A1 - Schmailzl, Marc A1 - Obergrießer, Mathias T1 - Exploring the Potential of BIM Models for Deriving Synthetic Training Data for Machine Learning Applications, Montreal T2 - Advances in Information Technology in Civil and Building Engineering, Proceedings of ICCCBE 2024, Volume 2, Simulation and Automation N2 - To increase the efficiency and quality of design and construction tasks, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) offers a way to automate both repetitive and complex tasks. Many of these ML models rely heavily on large amounts of suitable, machine-readable, and labeled training data. Therefore, a variety of conceivable use cases for ML in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry are difficult to implement due to a lack of freely and directly usable training data. The process of manually structuring and labeling existing data is time-consuming and needs in some cases skilled personnel to ensure the quality of the labeled data. Due to these factors, approaches for utilizing artificially generated data, referred to as synthetic data, are becoming more prevalent. Since Building Information Models contain a large amount of information, deriving training data from these models presents an obvious route for generation of this data. There are many ML applications whose implementation is inhibited due to a lack of training data, for which model-based synthetic data offer a possible solution approach. The Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard provides a powerful exchange format for models independently of their authoring software. Parametric and generative approaches to model creation enable the generation of numerous different building models within a short period of time and with low effort. This paper presents a workflow for automated derivation of synthetic training data from rule-based or parametrically generated models combined with existing IFC datasets as a multimodal data repository. The method is validated by testing automated synthetically labeled image data for a plan detection task, which is carried out with the Object Detection Framework YOLOv8. The suggested workflow has the potential to enhance data accessibility, thereby contributing to the implementation of ML applications in the AEC industry. KW - KI KW - BIM KW - Synthetic Data Y1 - 2025 SN - 9783031873638 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87364-5_5 SN - 2366-2557 SP - 54 EP - 63 PB - Springer Nature CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Linner, Thomas A1 - Schmailzl, Marc A1 - Bock, Thomas A1 - Hu, Rongbo A1 - Güttler, Jörg T1 - Active Assisted Living Technology in the Context of the Built Environment T2 - The Routledge Companion to Ecological Design Thinking: Healthful Ecotopian Visions for Architecture and Urbanism Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003183181-50 PB - Routledge CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Eder, Friedrich A1 - Hoeng, Simon Konrad A1 - Schmailzl, Marc A1 - Linner, Thomas A1 - Obergrießer, Mathias T1 - Towards improving data interoperability for the reconstruction of existing buildings T2 - The 20th conference of the International Society for Computing in Civil and Building Engineering (ICCCBE 2024), August 25 to 28, 2024, Montreal N2 - Digital representations of buildings are the supporting structures of various use-cases in the emerging field of data-driven decision making. From large scale applications in the context of city planning to the detailed evaluation of critical infrastructure they enable specialists to observe problems, interpret relationships, test solutions virtually and apply them in the real world. This is only feasible if the individual underlying digital model meets the requirements imposed by the analysis at hand. In practice, especially models of existing buildings are not easy to come by as the information describing the existing structure is often scattered across multiple different data sources in various formats. Previous research efforts have outlined methodologies which leverage machine learning, computer vision and subsequent semantic enrichment in order to achieve the (re)construction of such building models. However, these methods are generally not integrated with each other, nor do they consider being able to interface with a shared repository of building related data. In this paper we present a methodology which focuses on establishing a common context for all building related data by utilizing the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) schema. In particular we focus on utilizing readily available geometric and semantic data originating from geographic information systems as a basis, subsequently referencing additional data sources in their corresponding context and finally outlining interfaces with downstream enrichment processes in both directions. Through incorporating contextualized (IFC) data into the early stages of the remodeling workflow, we outline an end-to-end process from the initial component-based data-acquisition to the as-built building information model. In establishing a standardized foundation for data exchange and collaboration it enables all stakeholders to work more seamlessly across different stages of the remodeling project. Y1 - 2024 N1 - Conference proceedings erscheinen voraussichtlich bei Springer Nature in der Reihe Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmailzl, Marc A1 - Saffert, Anne-Sophie A1 - Karamara, Merve A1 - Linner, Thomas A1 - Eder, Friedrich A1 - Hoeng, Simon Konrad A1 - Obergriesser, Mathias T1 - Enhancing Decision-Making for Human-Centered Construction Robotics: A Methodological Framework T2 - Proceedings of the 41st International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC), Lille, France N2 - While the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry is increasingly aware of the rising demands for productivity and human-centered construction improvements, the holistic adoption of robotics as a fundamental strategy to address these challenges has not yet reached comprehensive fruition. This paper therefore introduces a methodological framework aiming to address the industry's pressing need for a systematic approach for assessing the feasibility of integrating robotics into human-centered construction processes. It aims to enhance decision-making regarding the degree of automation in human-centered construction processes, ranging from partial to full robotization or non-robotization. The framework is characterized by a more holistic end-to-end data-/workflow and therefore adopts a multifaceted approach, leveraging BIM-based planning methodologies and integrating new technologies [e.g., Motion Capturing (MoCap), work process simulation software incorporating Digital Human Models (DHM), self-developed conversion/interfacing software and more] that have not been widely used in the industry to date. Subsequently, the framework is evaluated in a real-life bricklaying construction process to ensure a more application-based approach. Overall, the framework advances current construction processes with a more inclusive and conscious technology infill to empower construction professionals with the workflow and corresponding tools necessary for the practical integration of robotics into human-centered construction processes. KW - Decision-Making KW - Framework KW - Workflow KW - AEC Industry KW - Robotics KW - Building Information Modeling (BIM) KW - Human-Centered KW - Motion Capturing Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-0-6458322-1-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2024/0083 SN - 2413-5844 SP - 637 EP - 644 PB - International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC) ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmailzl, Marc A1 - Saffert, Anne-Sophie A1 - Karamara, Merve A1 - Linner, Thomas A1 - Eder, Friedrich A1 - Hoeng, Simon Konrad A1 - Obergrießer, Mathias T1 - Enhancing Decision-Making for Human-Centered Construction Robotics: A Methodological Framework T2 - Proceedings of the 41st International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2024), 2024, Lille, France N2 - While the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry is increasingly aware of the rising demands for productivity and human-centered construction improvements, the holistic adoption of robotics as a fundamental strategy to address these challenges has not yet reached comprehensive fruition. This paper therefore introduces a methodological framework aiming to address the industry's pressing need for a systematic approach for assessing the feasibility of integrating robotics into human-centered construction processes. It aims to enhance decision-making regarding the degree of automation in human-centered construction processes, ranging from partial to full robotization or non-robotization. The framework is characterized by a more holistic end-to-end data-/workflow and therefore adopts a multifaceted approach, leveraging BIM-based planning methodologies and integrating new technologies [e.g., Motion Capturing (MoCap), work process simulation software incorporating Digital Human Models (DHM), self-developed conversion/interfacing software and more] that have not been widely used in the industry to date. Subsequently, the framework is evaluated in a real-life bricklaying construction process to ensure a more application-based approach. Overall, the framework advances current construction processes with a more inclusive and conscious technology infill to empower construction professionals with the workflow and corresponding tools necessary for the practical integration of robotics into human-centered construction processes. Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-0-6458322-1-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2024/0083 SP - 637 EP - 644 PB - IAARC ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmailzl, Marc A1 - Linner, Thomas ED - Heese, Carl ED - Schütz, Sandra ED - Obergrießer, Stefanie T1 - ReduSys - Kontaktreduzierte Pflege durch multimodale Systeme, Robotik und digitales Bauen T2 - Die Nachhaltigkeitsziele der UN im Spiegel der Wissenschaft: Beispiele aus der Sozial- und Gesundheitsforschung N2 - Durch die fortschreitende Digitalisierung wird der klinische bzw. pflegerische Kontext zunehmend interdisziplinär. Im Zuge dessen wird die menschzentrierte und zugleich integrative Technologieentwicklung immer wichtiger um adäquate und reflektierte Systemlösungen für die Herausforderungen (z. B. demografischer Wandel, Fachkräftemangel etc.) von heute als auch morgen zu schaffen. In diesem Beitrag wird daher das Forschungsprojekt (BMBF-Projekt) ReduSys (Akronym: Kontaktreduzierte Pflege im klinischen Umfeld durch multimodale Systeme und Robotik) vorgestellt und die sozio-technischen Entwicklungen im Kontext der Nachhaltigkeit erörtert. ReduSys strebt eine ganzheitliche Systemlösung an, welche bestehend aus verschiedenen Technologien (z. B. Sensorik, IoT, Robotik VR etc.) den Übergang von der herkömmlichen zur kontaktreduzierten Pflege (z. B. bei pandemischen Situationen wie der Covid-19 Pandemie) ermöglichen soll. Durch den Technologieeinsatz (z. B. kontaktlos-kontinuierliche Vitalparametererfassung via Medical Smart Bed oder humanoide Robotik via ‚Robody‘ etc.) sollen Pflegekräfte nachhaltig entlastet und gleichzeitig eine bessere Patientenfürsorge gewährleistet werden. In diesem Zusammenhang bildet die Fakultät Bauingenieurwesen mit dem ‚Building Lab/Digitales Bauen‘ an der OTH Regensburg die Schnittstelle zwischen gebauter Umwelt und den eingesetzten digitalen und robotischen Technologien. Darüber hinaus wird der Systemansatz durch die weiteren Projektpartner komplementiert und kontinuierlich praxisnah validiert, um eine möglichst integrative Systemlösung zu gewährleisten. In diesem Beitrag wird auf die Entwicklung digitaler, als auch modularer Technologie als ‚Infill‘ für Gebäude bzw. Möbel seitens der OTH Regensburg eingegangen, um veranschaulichen zu können, wie mit gezielten technologischen Eingriffen ein signifikanter Mehrwert für die klinische bzw. pflegerische Umgebung geschaffen werden kann und simultan Aspekte der ökologischen, sozialen, wie auch wirtschaftlichen Nachhaltigkeit in die technische Entwicklung miteinfließen können KW - Kontaktreduzierte Pflege KW - Multimodale Systeme KW - Robotik KW - Sensorik Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-658-43333-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43334-5_17 SN - 2731-8834 SP - 301 EP - 316 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Biersack, Stefan A1 - Schmailzl, Marc A1 - Linner, Thomas A1 - Eder, Friedrich A1 - Obergrießer, Mathias ED - Schermer, Detleff ED - Brehm, Eric T1 - Von der Handarbeit zur Hochtechnologie im Reallabor: Die Möglichkeit der BIM-basierten Planung und effizienten Produktion von Ziegelwänden durch Roboter T2 - Mauerwerk-Kalender 2025 KW - Mauerwerk KW - Mauerwerksbau Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-433-03445-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/9783433612019.ch7 VL - 2025 PB - Ernst & Sohn ET - 1. Aufl ER -