TY - JOUR A1 - Emberger, Peter A1 - Altmann, Robert A1 - Gebhard, Jürgen A1 - Thuneke, Klaus A1 - Winkler, Markus A1 - Töpfer, Georg A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Remmele, Edgar T1 - Combustion characteristics of pure rapeseed oil fuel after injection in a constant volume combustion chamber with a non-road mobile machinery engine solenoid injector JF - Fuel N2 - Pure rapeseed oil fuel (R100) according to standard DIN 51605 is a greenhouse gas saving option for the mobility sector. With its high energy density close to diesel fuel, R100 is suitable to operate non-road mobile machinery with a high power demand and long operating time, where electric drives reach their limits. Advantages are indicated for its use in environmentally sensitive areas like agriculture since R100 is highly biodegradable and non-toxic. However, R100 is characterised by differing physical and chemical properties compared to diesel. The objective of the research is to investigate the differences in the ignition and combustion behaviour of R100 compared to diesel fuel (DF). For this purpose, a constant volume combustion chamber is used, which is equipped with a modern solenoid injector for engines of non-road mobile machinery. The researched injector shows a different hydraulic behaviour when using R100 compared to DF in that the injected fuel mass is lower with R100 than with DF. In combination with the 14 % by mass lower calorific value, less energy output is determined with R100. When varying the injection pressure, the impact on the ignition delay and combustion behaviour is much higher for R100 than for DF. Specifically, an increase of the injection pressure supports mixture preparation and thus partially compensates the differing physical properties of R100. The results of ignition delay measurements and net heat release analysis are as follows: At low load conditions with low injection pressure as well as a low combustion chamber temperature and pressure, R100 ignites later and shows a further delayed combustion compared to diesel. The opposite is observed for medium and high load conditions, where R100 ignites faster and without delayed combustion in comparison to DF. Thus, an adjustment of the heat release of R100 at the same level as for DF is possible by modifying the injection strategy. The research shows that for an optimised combustion of R100 the injection settings must be adjusted for every operation point separately. The results indicate how the injection parameters should be adjusted for different load conditions to realise a high-quality engine calibration for R100. KW - Constant volume combustion chamber KW - Ignition behaviour KW - Non-road mobile machinery KW - Rapeseed oil fuel KW - Solenoid injector KW - Straight vegetable oil fuel Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123979 IS - 320 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mühlbauer, Christian A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Rottengruber, Hermann T1 - Acoustic Optimization of Mechatronic Direct Injection Systems and Analysis of the Effects on Robustness in System Operation T2 - SAE International Journal of Advances and Current Practices in Mobility N2 - The tightening of the emission legislation and political and social demands for sustainable mobility are forcing the automotive industry to develop complex, high precision mechatronic drive systems. The increasing precision of mechatronic components generally leads to an increase in structural excitation and thus to a rise in noise. The so-called ticking of the fuel injection system has a rather low sound pressure level compared to the residual engine noise. Nevertheless, the impulsive and high frequency noise character leads to a decline concerning the perception of comfort and sound quality. In order to identify the sound quality of fuel injection systems as a frontloading measure, a system test bench has been developed which represents the structure-borne and airborne sound radiation of the stand-alone injection system in a close to series configuration. In this paper, measures for the acoustic optimization of injection systems and their effects on the robustness of the system are discussed. The focus is on engine idling, since at this operating point the ticking of the injectors and high-pressure pump can be perceived most clearly due to the low masking effects of other noise sources. For this purpose, the injection parameters were measured during full engine operation and transferred to the system test bench. By using a special development control unit, it was possible to modify the parameters, quantify their influence on the acoustic behavior and, based on this, define NVH optimized control strategies. For the robustness evaluation of the NVH optimized control strategies, key functions of the injection system were analyzed under varying boundary conditions in system operation on an injection rate test bench. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-0671 SN - 2641-9645 VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 68 EP - 77 PB - SAE International, Warrendale, PA, United States ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schwanzer, Peter A1 - Mieslinger, Johann A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Dietrich, Markus A1 - Haft, Gerhard A1 - Walter, Stefanie A1 - Hagen, Gunter A1 - Moos, Ralf A1 - Gaderer, Matthias T1 - Monitoring of a Particulate Filter for Gasoline Direct Injection Engines with a Radio-Frequency-Sensor T2 - 11th International Exhaust Gas and Particulate Emissions Forum, 3.-4.3.2020, Ludwigsburg, Germany N2 - In order to comply with future emission regulations, the use of particulate filters in vehicles with direct injection gasoline engines is essential. The current amount of soot and ash in the filter is calculated by a soot load model in the electronic control unit in combination with a differential pressure sensor determining the pressure drop over the particulate filter. Active regeneration is initiated if the calculated amount of soot or the measured differential pressure is too high. This is associated with additional fuel consumption. An on-board diagnosis for the particulate filter is currently not part of the Euro 6d emission standard. For future exhaust emission standards, on-board diagnosis or active monitoring of the particulate filter is conceivable. One of the benefits of monitoring is the fact that unnecessary active regenerations can be avoided. As a result, there is no additional fuel consumption due to misinterpretations of the amount of soot in the filter. For active monitoring of the particulate filter, a radiofrequency (RF-) sensor, that detects the soot loading of the filter with electromagnetic waves directly, can be used. Such a system has the advantage that by utilizing the filter as a sensor more precise information about the current state of the filter, e.g. a possible damage, can be provided. Worst-case considerations of filter damages, tested at an engine test bench show the advantages which are entailed by a system like that. By means of partial regeneration of the particulate filter it is demonstrated how the remaining amount of soot in the filter can be detected in a better way in comparison to the differential pressure sensor by using the RF-sensor. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://eref.uni-bayreuth.de/54655/ N1 - Projekttitel: Load Sensor for GPF; Projekt-ID: AZ-1288-17 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brock, Damian A1 - Koder, Alexander A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Touraud, Didier A1 - Kunz, Werner T1 - Optimising the biodiesel production process: Implementation of glycerol derivatives into biofuel formulations and their potential to form hydrofuels JF - Fuel N2 - A new biofuel concept is developed, enabling the usage of vegetable oils and glycerol derivatives in mixtures with biodiesel. This concept significantly enhances the biodiesel production's profitability and thus strongly contributes to the sustainability of future biofuels. After simple addition reactions with building block chemicals, less hydrophilic glycerol derivatives are obtained, which are compatible with biofuels. Even more, the products of the reactions of glycerol with acetone or butyric acid, referred to as solketal and tributyrin, respectively, lead to promising biofuels in mixtures with rapeseed oil and its biodiesel. Due to their low freezing points, they act as cloud and freezing point depressants, when added to vegetable oil/biodiesel blends. Further, since their viscosity is close to common biodiesel, biofuels containing high amounts of vegetable oil and even more glycerol derivatives than they arise during the biodiesel production can be obtained. Thus, this new class of biofuels enables adaptable compositions depending on the application and also the usage as drop-in fuel without any or just few percent of further additives. After optimising the formulations, ignition delay, exhaust gas recirculation, fuel consumption and combustion process measurements were performed in an unmodified upto-date diesel engine. The experiments showed that the properties of the formulated biofuels are either similar to or even better than diesel. The hydrotropy of the glycerol derivatives in these mixtures enables the potential to implement water into biofuels, so-called hydrofuels, reducing nitrogen oxide emissions and leading to further optimised dropin fuels. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116695 VL - 264 IS - March PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Walter, Stefanie A1 - Schwanzer, Peter A1 - Hagen, Gunter A1 - Haft, Gerhard A1 - Dietrich, Markus A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Moos, Ralf ED - Tille, Thomas T1 - Hochfrequenzsensorik zur direkten Beladungserkennung von Benzinpartikelfiltern T2 - Automobil-Sensorik 3 N2 - In Folge der Verschärfung der gesetzlichen Abgasnormen wurden für direkt-einspritzende Benzinmotoren Partikelfilter notwendig. Zur Beladungsüberwachung können aufgrund stark unterschiedlicher Rahmenbedingungen die aus Dieselmotoren bekannten Systeme, wie dem Differenzdrucksensor, nur eingeschränkt übernommen werden. Ein hochfrequenzbasiertes Verfahren koppelt mittels Antennen elektromagnetische Wellen in das Filtergehäuse ein, deren Ausbreitungsverhalten durch die dielektrischen Eigenschaften des eingelagerten Rußes beeinflusst wird. Hierdurch kann bei Auswertung von Transmissionsdämpfung oder Resonanzfrequenzen die Rußbeladung direkt detektiert werden. Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-662-61259-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61260-6_7 SP - 185 EP - 208 PB - Springer Vieweg CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Walter, Stefanie A1 - Schwanzer, Peter A1 - Hagen, Gunter A1 - Haft, Gerhard A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Dietrich, Markus A1 - Moos, Ralf T1 - Modelling the Influence of Different Soot Types on the Radio-Frequency-Based Load Detection of Gasoline Particulate Filters JF - Sensors N2 - Gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) are an appropriate means to meet today's emission standards. As for diesel applications, GPFs can be monitored via differential pressure sensors or using a radio-frequency approach (RF sensor). Due to largely differing soot properties and engine operating modes of gasoline compared to diesel engines (e.g., the possibility of incomplete regenerations), the behavior of both sensor systems must be investigated in detail. For this purpose, extensive measurements on engine test benches are usually required. To simplify the sensor development, a simulation model was developed using COMSOL Multiphysics((R)) that not only allowed for calculating the loading and regeneration process of GPFs under different engine operating conditions but also determined the impact on both sensor systems. To simulate the regeneration behavior of gasoline soot accurately, an oxidation model was developed. To identify the influence of different engine operating points on the sensor behavior, various samples generated at an engine test bench were examined regarding their kinetic parameters using thermogravimetric analysis. Thus, this compared the accuracy of soot mass determination using the RF sensor with the differential pressure method. By simulating a typical driving condition with incomplete regenerations, the effects of the soot kinetics on sensor accuracy was demonstrated exemplarily. Thereby, the RF sensor showed an overall smaller mass determination error, as well as a lower dependence on the soot kinetics. KW - diesel particulate filter (DPF) KW - EMISSIONS KW - finite element method (FEM) KW - FLOW KW - gasoline particulate filter (GPF) KW - PRESSURE-DROP KW - radio frequency (RF) KW - REGENERATION KW - soot mass determination KW - STORAGE Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s20092659 VL - 20 IS - 9 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - MDPI ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Altmann, Robert A1 - Gebhard, Jürgen A1 - Troeger, Adrian A1 - Winkler, Markus A1 - Töpfer, Georg A1 - Remmele, Edgar A1 - Gaderer, Matthias A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter ED - Berns, Karsten ED - Dressler, Klaus ED - Kalmar, Ralf ED - Stephan, Nicole ED - Teutsch, Roman ED - Thul, Martin T1 - Engine performance and emission analysis of a NRMM CI engine with common rail injection system operated with diesel fuel and rapeseed oil fuel T2 - Proceedings of the 6th Commercial Vehicle Technology Symposium 2020/2021 N2 - The use of alternative fuels in high-power non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) combustion engines is a possible way to substitute fossil fuel. By using pure vegetable oil fuels, like rapeseed oil fuel (DIN 51605), the greenhouse gases can be reduced effectively. Due to the differences in physical and chemical properties, a modification of the engine control unit calibration is necessary to adapt the working process on the fuel. Without modifications, the engine power output with rapeseed oil fuel is lower than with diesel fuel because of the smaller energy content. By adapting the engine settings, like the injection fuel mass, the power loss can be compensated but it accompanies with a higher fuel consumption. The engine emissions at part load conditions show, that there are benefits in particle emissions by using rapeseed oil at similar NOx emissions. Therefore, a design of experiment setup was initiated on a selected engine operation point to determine the effects of further parameters, like rail pressure, manifold pressure and injection pattern, on the process and to see the potential of an optimized calibration. KW - CI engine KW - common rail injection KW - Diesel Engine KW - DoE KW - rapeseed oil Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-658-29716-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29717-6_16 SP - 231 EP - 242 PB - Springer Vieweg CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaspar, Marcel A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Mayer, Wolfgang T1 - Ion-Molecule Reaction for the Selective Detection of Hydrocarbons in Diesel Exhaust Gas JF - Chemie Ingenieur Technik N2 - The hydrocarbons present in the diesel exhaust gas are analyzed. A mass spectrometer is used for the measurements, and it operates on the basis of an ion-molecule reaction. This method is especially suitable because it is selective, is as free of fragments as possible, and is highly sensitive to the species that need to be measured. The study shows that numerous hydrocarbons in diesel exhaust gas can be identified. In particular, three molecules, ethyne, ethene and propene, were analyzed online in-depth on an engine test bench under different engine operating conditions. KW - Diesel exhaust gas KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Ion-molecule reaction KW - Mass spectrometry Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201700075 VL - 90 IS - 6 SP - 826 EP - 834 PB - WILEY-VCH ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Braun, Peter A1 - Gebhard, Jürgen A1 - Matysik, Frank-Michael A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter T1 - Potential Technical Approaches for Improving Low-Temperature NOx Conversion of Exhaust Aftertreatment Systems JF - Chemie Ingenieur Technik N2 - Lean-burn engines, such as diesel engines, are widely used in mobile and stationary applications. Operation of lean-burn engines leads to formation of distinct amounts of nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2). Efficient aftertreatment is mandatory to meet legal requirements, especially at low exhaust temperatures, as for the future a decline of the exhaust temperature level can be predicted due to improved engine efficiencies. Within this review, potential technical solutions to enhance the DeNO(x)-aftertreatment efficiency at low exhaust temperatures are presented. KW - DECOMPOSITION KW - Diesel Engine KW - Exhaust aftertreatment KW - IMPACT KW - Low-temperature DeNO(x) KW - NH3 KW - NITRIC-OXIDE KW - Nitrogen oxides KW - OXIDE CATALYST KW - PERFORMANCE KW - PYROLYSIS KW - SCR KW - Selective catalytic reduction KW - SELECTIVE CATALYTIC-REDUCTION KW - UREA HYDROLYSIS Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201700122 VL - 90 IS - 6 SP - 762 EP - 773 PB - WILEY-VCH ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rieger, Anna A1 - van de Par, Steven A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Oetjen, Arne T1 - The contribution of selected auditory sensations to the prediction of preference judgements for consonant and dissonant sounds T2 - 52nd International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering (Inter Noise 2023), Chiba, Greater Tokyo, Japan, 20–23 August 2023 N2 - Product sounds with clearly audible tonal components are often perceived as unpleasant or annoying. If different simultaneously operating aggregates are present in a system, for example vehicle engines and gearboxes, the interaction of tonal components, similar to music, can evoke additional sensations in human auditory perception. Supplementary to a pronounced tonality, such sounds can also yield distinct degrees of consonance or dissonance between tones. Previous studies showed that the perceived dissonance had a high impact on preference judgements for sounds with similar tonality. In experiments of the present study, sounds that differed in tonality were rated with respect to the auditory sensations sharpness, tonality and dissonance by one group of participants while another group only carried out a preference task. Thereout a model for predicting perceived preference is derived from the subjective judgements of auditory sensations. The performance of the preference predictions based on subjective udgements will be compared against purely model-based predictions using different algorithms for acoustic attributes. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373443899_The_contribution_of_selected_auditory_sensations_to_the_prediction_of_preference_judgements_for_consonant_and_dissonant_sounds ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mühlbauer, Christian A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Rottengruber, Hermann T1 - Akustische Optimierung von mechatronischen Direkteinspritzsystemen und Analyse der Auswirkungen auf die Robustheit im Systembetrieb T2 - Motor- und Aggregate-Akustik: 11. Magdeburger Symposium, Tagungsband N2 - The tightening of the emission legislation and political and social demands for sustainable mobility are forcing the automotive industry to develop complex, high precision mechatronic drive systems. The increasing precision of mechatronic components generally leads to an increase in structural excitation and thus to a rise in noise. The socalled ticking of the fuel injection system has a rather low sound pressure level compared to the residual engine noise. Nevertheless, the impulsive and high frequency noise character leads to a decline concerning the perception of comfort and sound quality. In order to identify the sound quality of fuel injection systems as a frontloading measure, a system test bench has been developed which represents the structureborne and airborne sound radiation of the stand-alone injection system in a close to series configuration. In this paper, measures for the acoustic optimization of injection systems and their effects on the robustness of the system are discussed. The focus is on engine idling, since at this operating point the ticking of the injectors and the high-pressure pump can be perceived most clearly due to the low masking effects of other noise sources. For this purpose, the injection parameters were measured during full engine operation and transferred to the system test bench. By using a special development control unit, it was possible to modify the parameters, quantify their influence on the acoustic behavior and, based on this, define NVH optimized control strategies. For the robustness evaluation of the NVH optimized control strategies, key functions of the injection system were analyzed under varying boundary conditions in system operation on an injection rate test bench. N2 - Die Verschärfung der Abgasgesetzgebung sowie die politischen und gesellschaftlichen Forderungen an eine nachhaltige Mobilität zwingen die Automobilindustrie zur Entwicklung komplexer, hochpräziser mechatronischer Antriebssysteme. Die zunehmende Präzision der mechatronischen Komponenten führt dabei in der Regel zu einer Zunahme der Strukturanregung und damit zu einer Erhöhung der Störgeräusche. Das so genannte Tickern des Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems hat im Vergleich zum Restmotorgeräusch einen niedrigeren Schalldruckpegel. Dennoch führt der impulshaltige und hochfrequente Geräuschcharakter zu einem Mangel in der Komfort- und Qualitäts- 32 wahrnehmung. Um die Geräuschqualität von raftstoffeinspritzsystemen als Frontloading-Maßnahme zu identifizieren, wurde ein Systemprüfstand entwickelt, der die Körper- und Luftschallabstrahlung des Einspritzsystems in seriennaher Konfiguration abbildet. In diesem Beitrag werden Maßnahmen zur akustischen Optimierung von Einspritzsystemen und deren Auswirkungen auf die Robustheit im Systembetrieb diskutiert. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf dem Motorleerlauf, da an diesem Betriebspunkt das Tickern der Injektoren und der Hochdruckpumpe durch den geringen Maskierungseffekt anderer Geräusche am deutlichsten wahrzunehmen ist. Dazu wurden die Einspritzparameter im Vollmotorbetrieb erfasst und auf den Systemprüfstand transferiert. Durch ein spezielles Entwicklungssteuergerät war es möglich, die Parameter zu modifizieren, deren Einfluss auf das akustische Verhalten zu quantifizieren und darauf aufbauend NVHoptimierte Ansteuerstrategien zu definieren. Zur Robustheitsbewertung der NVHoptimierten Ansteuerstrategien wurden Schlüsselfunktionen des Einspritzsystems unter variierenden Randbedingungen im Systembetrieb analysiert. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.25673/36611 VL - 11 SP - 32 EP - 51 PB - Otto-von-Guericke-Universität CY - Magdeburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mühlbauer, Christian A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Rottengruber, Hermann T1 - Akustische Analyse und Optimierung von mechatronischen Kraftstoffeinspritzsystemen T2 - Tagungsband DAGA 2019 - 45. Jahrestagung für Akustik, 18.-21. März 2019, Rostock Y1 - 2019 UR - https://pub.dega-akustik.de/DAGA_2019/data/articles/000004.pdf SN - 978-3-939296-14-0 SP - 647 EP - 650 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Akustik CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rieger, Anna A1 - Mühlbauer, Christian A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Weber, Rainer T1 - Dissonanz als Bewertungskriterium multi-tonalen Schalls T2 - Fortschritte der Akustik - DAGA 2020: 46. Deutsche Jahrestagung für Akustik Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.dega-akustik.de/publikationen/online-proceedings/ SP - 788 EP - 791 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Akustik e.V. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gärtner, Uwe A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Zink, Uwe T1 - Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment of the Future JF - MTZ worldwide Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s38313-018-0060-2 VL - 79 IS - 7-8 SP - 70 EP - 75 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Küpper, Carsten A1 - Artmann, Christina A1 - Pischinger, Stefan A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter T1 - Lube-Oil Dilution of GDI Engines with Ethanol Fuels JF - Auto Tech Review KW - Cold Start KW - Injection Strategy KW - Fuel Mass KW - Mixture Formation KW - Fuel Blend Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1365/s40112-014-0570-5 VL - 3 IS - 3 SP - 30 EP - 35 PB - Springer India CY - New Delhi ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Küpper, Carsten A1 - Artmann, Christina A1 - Pischinger, Stefan A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter T1 - Schmierölverdünnung von direkteinspritzenden Ottomotoren unter Kaltstartrandbedingungen JF - MTZ - Motortechnische Zeitschrift Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s35146-013-0208-1 VL - 74 IS - 9 SP - 710 EP - 715 PB - Springer Vieweg CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Küpper, Carsten A1 - Artmann, Christina A1 - Pischinger, Stefan A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter T1 - Lube-Oil Dilution of Gasoline Direct-Injection Engines with Ethanol Fuels JF - MTZ worldwide KW - Fuel Ethanol KW - Engine Cold Start KW - Cold Ambient Conditions KW - Fuel Vapor Mass KW - Test Bench Investigations Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s38313-013-0090-8 VL - 74 IS - 9 SP - 64 EP - 69 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Walter, Stefanie A1 - Schwanzer, Peter A1 - Hagen, Gunter A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Dietrich, Markus A1 - Moos, Ralf T1 - Soot Monitoring of Gasoline Particulate Filters Using a Radio-Frequency-Based Sensor JF - Sensors N2 - Owing to increasingly stringent emission limits, particulate filters have become mandatory for gasoline-engine vehicles. Monitoring their soot loading is necessary for error-free operation. The state-of-the-art differential pressure sensors suffer from inaccuracies due to small amounts of stored soot combined with exhaust gas conditions that lead to partial regeneration. As an alternative approach, radio-frequency-based (RF) sensors can accurately measure the soot loading, even under these conditions, by detecting soot through its dielectric properties. However, they face a different challenge as their sensitivity may depend on the engine operation conditions during soot formation. In this article, this influence is evaluated in more detail. Various soot samples were generated on an engine test bench. Their dielectric properties were measured using the microwave cavity perturbation (MCP) method and compared with the corresponding sensitivity of the RF sensor determined on a lab test bench. Both showed similar behavior. The values for the soot samples themselves, however, differed significantly from each other. A way to correct for this cross-sensitivity was found in the influence of exhaust gas humidity on the RF sensor, which can be correlated with the engine load. By evaluating this influence during significant humidity changes, such as fuel cuts, it could be used to correct the influence of the engineon the RF sensor. KW - dielectric properties KW - engine test bench KW - gasoline particulate filter (GPF) KW - microwave cavity perturbation KW - radio-frequency (RF) KW - soot mass determination Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187861 SN - 1424-8220 N1 - This research work was funded by the Bavarian Research Foundation (Bayerische Forschungsstiftung, BFS) as part of the project “Load Sensor for GPF” (AZ-1288-17). VL - 23 IS - 18 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - MDPI ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rieger, Anna A1 - van de Par, Steven A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Oetjen, Arne T1 - Ein Ton macht noch keine Harmonie - Der Einfluss von Tonhaltigkeit und Dissonanz auf Präferenzurteile T2 - Fortschritte der Akustik - DAGA 2023, 49. Jahrestagung für Akustik, 06.-09. März 2023 in Hamburg N2 - Produkt- bzw. Maschinengeräusche mit deutlich hörbaren tonalen Komponenten werden häufig als lästig empfunden. Wenn zusätzlich eine Interaktion mehrerer tonaler Komponenten in Geräuschen stattfindet, was in realen Szenarien beispielsweise durch die Überlagerung tonaler Komponenten durch verschiedene Aggregate, wie Motoren und Getrieben, stattfindet, dann können Geräusche unterschiedlich tonal, aber auch unterschiedlich konsonant und dissonant wahrgenommen werden. Vorangehende Hörexperimente haben gezeigt, dass die Dissonanz bei ähnlicher Tonhaltigkeit der Geräusche einen großen Einfluss auf die Präferenzurteile hat. Des Weiteren konnte bereits ein grundlegendes Empfindungsmodell für die ”Dissonanz” sowie ein Präferenz-Prädiktor entwickelt werden, die die Subjektivdaten in hoher Güte vorhersagen konnten. In den hier vorgestellten Versuchen wurde das Zusammenspiel zwischen der empfundenen Tonhaltigkeit und der sich aus mehreren Tonkomponenten ergebenden Dissonanz auf die Präferenzurteile untersucht. In der Analyse wird aufgezeigt, auf welche Weise und in welchem Umfang die wahrgenommene Ausgeprägtheit der Tonhaltigkeit durch Interaktion mehrerer Tonkomponenten die allgemeine Geräuschqualität beeinflusst. Da verschiedene Grade der Dissonanz nur durch die gleichzeitige Anwesenheit tonaler Komponenten entstehen können, ist das Zusammenspiel beider Größen bei der Bildung eines Präferenzurteils von einer speziellen Natur. Dies wird sowohl bei der Modellierung der Interaktion beider Größen als auch im Vorhersagemodell der Dissonanz berücksichtigt. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://pub.dega-akustik.de/DAGA_2023/data/articles/000412.pdf SN - 978-3-939296-21-8 SP - 1167 EP - 1170 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Akustik e.V. (DAGA) CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rieger, Anna A1 - van de Par, Steven A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Oetjen, Arne T1 - Schärfeurteile für tonhaltige Geräusche und die Konsequenzen für die instrumentelle psychoakustische Analyse T2 - Fortschritte der Akustik - DAGA 2024, 50. Jahrestagung für Akustik, 18.-21. März 2024 in Hannover N2 - In einer vorrangegangenen Studie wurde der Einfluss psychoakustischer Parameter auf Präferenzurteile für konsonante und dissonante Geräusche untersucht. Diese Geräusche hatten die gleiche Lautheit und basierten auf einem festen Rauschhintergrund und eingebetteten hochfrequenten Tonkomponenten. Es zeigte sich, dass die Präferenzurteile eines Probandenkollektives durch ebenfalls erhobene Subjektivurteile zu Schärfe, Tonhaltigkeit und Dissonanz mit hoher Präzision vorhergesagt werden konnten.Durch das angewandte Versuchsdesign konnte diese rein auf Subjektivbeurteilungen bestehende Vorhersage mit einer instrumentellen Vorhersage der Präferenzurteile verglichen werden. Der Vergleich ergab einen niedrigeren Korrelationskoeffizienten für die modellbasierte Vorhersage, was auch durch die sehr niedrige Korrelation (R2<0,2) der berechneten Schärfe nach DIN45692 mit den Schärfe-Subjektivurteilen zu begründen war. Eine mögliche Erklärung der unzureichenden Prognose der Schärfeurteile könnte in der Bewertungsstrategie der Proband:innen zu finden sein. Für die getesteten Geräusche mit auffälligen tonalen Komponenten könnte statt der Schärfe des Gesamtgeräuschs nur die Schärfe des tonalen Geräuschobjekts berücksichtigt worden sein. Die Schärfe-Analyse der auf ihren tonalen Anteil reduzierten Signale zeigt eine sehr gute Übereinstimmung mit den Subjektivurteilen, was die Hypothese einer Trennung von Ton- und Rauschobjekten unterstützt. Es wird diskutiert, ob und wie das Paradigma der akustischen Objekttrennung in der Modellierung psychoakustischer Empfindungsgrößen Anwendung finden kann. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://pub.dega-akustik.de/DAGA_2024/konferenz?article=479 SN - 978-3-939296-22-5 SP - 1210 EP - 1213 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Akustik e.V. (DAGA) CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Appelhans, Marie-Luise A1 - Kampmann, Matthias A1 - Mottok, Jürgen A1 - Riederer, Michael A1 - Nagl, Klaus A1 - Steffens, Oliver A1 - Dünnweber, Jan A1 - Wildgruber, Markus A1 - Roth, Julius A1 - Stadler, Timo A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Weiß, Martin Georg A1 - Rochholz, Sandra A1 - Bierl, Rudolf A1 - Gschossmann, Andreas A1 - Haug, Sonja A1 - Schmidbauer, Simon A1 - Koch, Anna A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Bary, Benedikt von A1 - Ellermeier, Andreas A1 - Vögele, Daniel A1 - Maiwald, Frederik A1 - Hierl, Stefan A1 - Schlamp, Matthias A1 - Ehrlich, Ingo A1 - Siegl, Marco A1 - Hüntelmann, Sven A1 - Wildfeuer, Matthias A1 - Brückl, Oliver A1 - Sterner, Michael A1 - Hofrichter, Andreas A1 - Eckert, Fabian A1 - Bauer, Franz A1 - Dawoud, Belal A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Gamisch, Bernd A1 - Schmidt, Ottfried A1 - Heberl, Michael A1 - Thema, Martin A1 - Mayer, Ulrike A1 - Eller, Johannes A1 - Sippenauer, Thomas A1 - Adelt, Christian A1 - Haslbeck, Matthias A1 - Vogl, Bettina A1 - Mauerer, Wolfgang A1 - Ramsauer, Ralf A1 - Lohmann, Daniel A1 - Sax, Irmengard A1 - Gabor, Thomas A1 - Feld, Sebastian A1 - Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia A1 - Ławrowski, Robert Damian A1 - Langer, Christoph A1 - Schreiner, Rupert A1 - Sellmair, Josef ED - Baier, Wolfgang T1 - Forschung 2019 BT - Thema: Künstliche Intelligenz N2 - Bericht mit Forschungsprojekten aus verschiedenen Bereichen der OTH Regensburg mit dem Schwerpunktthema "Künstliche Intelligenz" und einem Gespräch zur "Medizin der Zukunft" T3 - Forschungsberichte der OTH Regensburg - 2019 KW - Forschung KW - Forschungsbericht KW - Künstliche Intelligenz Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-7890 SN - 978-3-9818209-7-3 CY - Regensburg ER -