TY - CHAP A1 - Gerard Canisius, T. D. A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Kumar, Suresh ED - Stewart, Mark G. ED - Rosowsky, David V. T1 - Fire Safety in Road Tunnels T2 - Engineering for Extremes N2 - Modern industrial societies need efficient and safe transportation systems for their existence and progress. Tunnels form an important component of road transportation systems in many countries. However, significant fire incidents within them have highlighted human safety as a major concern, resulting in considerable changes to the safety requirements to be satisfied during the design and assessment of new and existing tunnels, respectively. This chapter discusses state-of-practice related to the implementation of risk analysis methods in road tunnel projects. It reviews relevant safety criteria in standards and describes basic aspects on risk acceptance and decision-making with respect to the choice of the safety measures to be implemented. This contribution presents the determination of human safety consequences for use in risk analysis by considering design fires, the development and spread of effects of such fires and emergency evacuation of people. The methodology is illustrated via a case study that deals with the re-qualification of an existing road tunnel in Wales. Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-030-85017-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85018-0_14 SP - 293 EP - 311 PB - Springer Nature CY - Cham ER -