TY - RPRT A1 - Siegl, Marco A1 - Ehrlich, Ingo A1 - Siegl, Marco A1 - Ehrlich, Ingo ED - Baier, Wolfgang T1 - Einfluss von Prozessparametern auf die Schmelzimprägnierung zur Herstellung von faserverstärkten Thermoplasten T2 - Forschung 2018 / Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg N2 - Die Erforschung von faserverstärkten Kunststoffen (FVK) mit thermoplastischer Matrix ist aufgrund der Schweißeignung als Verbindungstechnologie, der thermischen Umformbarkeit, der Recyclebarkeit sowie der verkürzten Prozesszeiten im Vergleich zu den vorwiegend eingesetzten faserverstärkten Duroplasten erstrebenswert. Die Wechselwirkung zwischen den physikalischen, mechanischen und geometrischen Parametern erhöht den Komplexitätsgrad des Herstellungsprozesses. Ziel ist daher die Entwicklung einer Imprägniertechnik, die eine Fasertränkung mittels eines Thermoplastschmelzbades ermöglicht. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://doi.org/10.35096/othr/pub-1382 SP - 72 EP - 73 PB - VMK Verlag für Marketing & Kommunikation GmbH & Co. KG ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kastenmeier, Andreas A1 - Siegl, Marco A1 - Ehrlich, Ingo A1 - Gebbeken, Norbert T1 - Review of elasto-static models for three-dimensional analysis of thick-walled anisotropic tubes JF - Journal of Composite Materials N2 - Most shell or beam models of anisotropic tubes under bending have no validity for thick-walled structures. As a result, the need to develop three-dimensional formulations which allow a change in the stress, strain and displacement distributions across the radial component arises. Basic formulations on three-dimensional anisotropic elasticity were made either stressor displacement-based by Lekhnitskii or Stroh on plates. Lekhnitskii also was the first to expand these analytical formulations to tubes under various loading conditions. This paper presents a review of the stress and strain analysis of tube models using three-dimensional anisotropic elasticity. The focus lies on layered structures, like fiber-reinforced plastics, under various bending loads, although the basic formulations and models regarding axisymmetric loads are briefly discussed. One section is also dedicated to the determination of an equivalent bending stiffness of tubes. KW - composite tube bending KW - layered structrues KW - anisotropy KW - Analytical modelling KW - elasticity Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-67521 N1 - Corresponding author: Andreas Kastenmeier PB - Sage ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pongratz, Christian A1 - Tix, Janek A1 - Wolfrum, Johannes A1 - Gerke, Steffen A1 - Ehrlich, Ingo A1 - Brünig, Michael T1 - Test Setup for Investigating the Impact Behavior of Biaxially Prestressed Composite Laminates JF - Experimental Techniques N2 - Instrumented impact testing and compression-after-impact testing are important to adequately qualify material behavior and safely design composite structures. However, the stresses to which fiber-reinforced plastic components are typically subjected in practice are not considered in the impact test methods recommended in guidelines or standards. In this paper, a test setup for investigating the impact behavior of composite specimens under plane uniaxial and biaxial preloading is presented. For this purpose, a special test setup consisting of a biaxial testing machine and a specially designed drop-weight tower was developed. The design decisions were derived from existing guidelines and standards with the aim of inducing barely visible impact damage in laminated carbon fiber-reinforced plastic specimens. Several measurement systems have been integrated into the setup to allow comprehensive observation of the impact event and specimen behavior. A feasibility test was performed with biaxially prestressed carbon fiber-reinforced plastic specimens in comparison with unstressed reference tests. The compressive-tensile prestressing resulted in lower maximum contact forces, higher maximum deflections, higher residual deflections and a different damage pattern, which was investigated by light microscopic analysis. Finally, the functionality of the experimental setup is discussed, and the results seem to indicate that the test setup and parameters were properly chosen to investigate the effect of prestresses on the impacts behavior of composite structures, in particular for barely visible subsequent damages. KW - Mechanical Engineering KW - Mechanics of Materials KW - Faserverbundwerkstoff KW - Schlagprüfung Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-70355 SN - 0732-8818 N1 - Corresponding authors: Christian Pongratz und Ingo Ehrlich PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Putzer, Michael A1 - Ehrlich, Ingo A1 - Rasmussen, John A1 - Gebbeken, Norbert A1 - Dendorfer, Sebastian T1 - Sensitivity of lumbar spine loading to anatomical parameters JF - Journal of Biomechanics N2 - Musculoskeletal simulations of lumbar spine loading rely on a geometrical representation of the anatomy. However, this data has an inherent inaccuracy. This study evaluates the influence of defined geometrical parameters on lumbar spine loading utilising five parametrised musculoskeletal lumbar spine models for four different postures. The influence of the dimensions of vertebral body, disc, posterior parts of the vertebrae as well as the curvature of the lumbar spine was studied. Additionally, simulations with combinations of selected parameters were conducted. Changes in L4/L5 resultant joint force were used as outcome variable. Variations of the vertebral body height, disc height, transverse process width and the curvature of the lumbar spine were the most influential. These parameters can be easily acquired from X-rays and should be used to morph a musculoskeletal lumbar spine model for subject-specific approaches with respect to bone geometry. Furthermore, the model was very sensitive to uncommon configurations and therefore, it is advised that stiffness properties of discs and ligaments should be individualised. KW - Musculoskeletal simulation KW - Lumbar spine KW - Parameter study KW - Vertebra KW - Wirbelsäule KW - Belastung KW - Simulation Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.11.003 VL - 49 IS - 6 SP - 953 EP - 958 PB - Elsevier Science ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Putzer, Michael A1 - Penzkofer, Rainer A1 - Ehrlich, Ingo A1 - Rasmussen, John A1 - Gebbeken, Norbert A1 - Dendorfer, Sebastian T1 - Musculoskeletal simulations to investigate the influence of vertebral geometrical parameters on lumbar spine loading T2 - 7th World Congress of Biomechanics, Boston, United States, 04/07/14 -11/07/14 Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmid, Vinzent A1 - Jungbauer, Bastian A1 - Romano, Marco A1 - Ehrlich, Ingo A1 - Gebbeken, Norbert ED - Mottok, Jürgen ED - Ziemann, Olaf T1 - The influence of different types of fabrics on the fibre volume content and porosity in basalt fibre reinforced plastics T2 - 2nd Applied Research Conference 2012 - ARC 25./26. June 2012 N2 - High quality semi-finished products with reproducible properties of basaltic fibres are hardly available on the market. In order to examine the properties of basalt fibre reinforced plastics high quality specimens are necessary. The fibre volume content and the porosity of the produced specimen are used as the typical criteria to evaluate the achieved quality of the produced material. The effect of the geometrical properties of the different semi-finished products on the fibre volume contents is relatively small whereas the porosity content is considerably affected. Y1 - 2012 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268146522_The_influence_of_different_types_of_fabrics_on_the_fibre_volume_content_and_porosity_in_basalt_fibre_reinforced_plastics SP - 162 EP - 165 PB - Shaker ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ladewig, Sven A1 - Siegl, Marco A1 - Ehrlich, Ingo ED - Mottok, Jürgen ED - Reichenberger, Marcus ED - Bogner, Werner T1 - Discussion about Viscosity Theories for Fibre-Reinforced Thermoplastics T2 - Applied Research Conference 2018 - ARC 2018, 10 July, Deggendorf N2 - The effect of process variables such as shear rate and temperature on the viscosity of polypropylene during the processing of thermoplastic based composites was investigated in this study. The melt impregnation is used in the process of continuous glass fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites. To develop a mathematical model for roving impregnation, it's essential to know about the viscous behaviour of the matrix system. Therefore, this paper will discuss rheological models to describe these phenomena, based on the gathered viscosity data from the partner laboratory at the University of West Bohemia in Pilsen. Y1 - 2018 SP - 144 EP - 149 PB - Pro Business Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Steinmann, Sven A1 - Ehrlich, Ingo ED - Mottok, Jürgen ED - Reichenberger, Marcus ED - Stolle, Reinhard T1 - Investigation of transverse impact stress in fiber reinforced plastics under high-velocity impact and determination of the experimental procedure T2 - Applied Research Conference 2016 - ARC 2016, Augsburg, 24 June 2016 Y1 - 2016 PB - Pro Business Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmid, Vinzent A1 - Jungbauer, Bastian A1 - Romano, Marco A1 - Ehrlich, Ingo A1 - Gebbeken, Norbert ED - Mottok, Jürgen ED - Ziemann, Olaf T1 - Diminution of mass of different types of fibre reinforcements due to thermal load T2 - Applied Research Conference 2012 - ARC 2012, 25./26. June 2012 Y1 - 2012 SP - 231 EP - 235 PB - Shaker ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bohmann, T. A1 - Schlamp, Matthias A1 - Ehrlich, Ingo ED - Klippel, Clemens ED - Mottok, Jürgen ED - Reichenberger, Marcus T1 - Analysis of the Acoustic Emission Failure Frequencies of Glass Fiber Reinforced Composite Components T2 - Applied Research Conference 2017 - ARC, 7 July 2017, München Y1 - 2017 SP - 369 EP - 373 PB - Book-on-demand Verlag CY - Norderstedt ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmid, Vinzent A1 - Bruland, Matthias A1 - Ehrlich, Ingo A1 - Kastenmeier, Andreas ED - Rahman, Jamal ED - Heinze, Ronald T1 - Entwicklung und Regelung eines hydraulischen Biegeprüfstands T2 - Virtuelle Instrumente in der Praxis 2015 - Begleitband zum 20. VIP-Kongress. Y1 - 2015 PB - VDE-Verlag CY - Berlin/Offenbach ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nübler, S. A1 - Schmid, Vinzent A1 - Ehrlich, Ingo ED - Mottok, Jürgen ED - Reichenberger, Marcus ED - Stolle, Reinhard T1 - FEM-Simulation of a Tube to Flange Joint under Bending Load T2 - Applied Research Conference 2016 - ARC 2016, Augsburg, 24 June 2016 Y1 - 2016 PB - Pro Business Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Romano, Marco A1 - Micklitz, Matthias A1 - Olbrich, Florian A1 - Bierl, Rudolf A1 - Ehrlich, Ingo A1 - Gebbeken, Norbert T1 - Experimental investigation of damping properties of unidirectionally and fabric reinforces plastics by the free decay method T2 - Proceeding of the 15th International Materials Symposium (IMSP´2014), Pamukkale University (Denizli, Turkey), 15./17. October 2014 Y1 - 2014 SP - 665 EP - 679 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Romano, Marco A1 - Eisenried, Michael A1 - Jungbauer, Bastian A1 - Ehrlich, Ingo A1 - Gebbeken, Norbert T1 - Influence of parameters of the production process on the material quality of unidirectionally reinforced prepregs JF - Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering (JAMME) N2 - Purpose: A prepreg production device in laboratory scale is used to develop the production process of unidirectionally reinforced prepregs. Design/methodology/approach: The aim of the prepreg production device is to impregnate different types of reinforcement fibers with an arbitrarily selectable thermoset matrix system that completely satisfies the requirements for autoclave processing. As the prepreg production device is designed and built up modularly every module corresponds one step in the process. Findings: To identify the parameters of the production process and investigate its sensitivity on the material quality of both the prepreg as an uncured semi-finished product and the composite as the cured material experimental investigations regarding the resin flow, fiber volume content, mass per unit area and void content are carried out. Overall four material combinations have been investigated, where in each case the selected impregnation temperature and the width of the impregnation gap has been reproducibly varied in selected steps. Research limitations/implications: The experimental characterization of the prepregs and of the composite material is carried out according to German standards. Y1 - 2015 UR - http://jamme.acmsse.h2.pl/vol68_1/6815.pdf VL - 68 IS - 1 SP - 32 EP - 44 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Romano, Marco A1 - Ehrlich, Ingo A1 - Gebbeken, Norbert T1 - Parametric characterization of a mesomechanic kinematic caused by ondulation in fabric reinforced composites: analytical and numerical investigations JF - Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale (Fracture and Structural Integrity) N2 - A parametric characterization of a mesomechanic kinematic caused by ondulation in fabric reinforced composites is investigated by analytical and numerical investigations. Due to the definition of plain representative sequences of balanced plain-weave fabric reinforced single layers based on sines the variable geometric parameters are the amplitude and the length of the ondulation. The mesomechanic kinematic can be observed in both the analytic model and the FE-analyses. The analytic model yields hyperbolic correlations due to the strongly simplifying presumptions that neglect elasticity. In contrast the FE-analyses yield linear correlations in much smaller amounts due to the consideration of elastic parts, yet distinctly. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.39.22 VL - 11 IS - 39 SP - 226 EP - 247 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Romano, Marco A1 - Ehrlich, Ingo T1 - Classification of damping properties of fabric-reinforced flat beam-like specimens by a degree of ondulation implying a mesomechanic kinematic JF - Science and Engineering of Composite Materials N2 - In order to determine the influence of the ondulations in fabrics on the damping properties of fiber-reinforced plastics, the structural dynamic properties of fabric- and unidirectionally reinforced plastics are investigated. The free decay behavior of flat beam-like specimens is investigated under fixed-free boundary conditions. As the material damping is consistently higher in fabric-reinforced specimens compared to unidirectionally reinforced ones, a contribution of an additionally acting mesomechanic kinematic in fabric weaves is implied. Based on a degree of ondulation, it is possible to classify the enhancement of the material damping and determine the corresponding energy dissipation. The study provides valuable quantitative relations of the additional damping effect due to the mesomechanic kinematic. Compared to the unidirectionally reinforced material, plain weave enhances the material damping by 37…52% at ˜OPL=0.0133 , whereas twill weave 2/2 enhances it by 31…40% at ˜OT2=0.0098 . The consideration of the findings contributes to a deeper understanding of the visco-elastic dynamic behavior of fabric-reinforced plastics and allows further applications in research, development, and industry. KW - fiber-reinforced plastics KW - mesomechanic scale KW - fabric-reinforced layer KW - ondulation Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2024-0019 SN - 2191-0359 SN - 0792-1233 N1 - Corresponding author der OTH Regensburg: Marco Romano VL - 31 IS - 1 PB - Walter de Gruyter GmbH ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kastenmeier, Andreas A1 - Schmid, Vinzent A1 - Ehrlich, Ingo A1 - Petratos, P. A1 - Mourtos, N. A1 - Trafalis, T. T1 - Specimen Preparation and Material Characterization of Filament Wound GFRP Composite Tubes JF - Athens Journal of Technology & Engineering N2 - Filament wound composite structures are widely used in the field of pressure vessels, tubes, pipelines or rocket cases. The mechanical behavior of these structures is typically different from those of flat laminated structures due to an alternating lay-up sequence, winding tension and manufacturing induced imperfections. However, design and analysis issues require the same engineering data as used for laminated structures in general. It has therefore become necessary to establish an accompanying quality assurance procedure following the production process to identify the material properties of the manufactured tubes especially for the single layer. Consequently, there are three different approaches of determining the elastic moduli and tensile strengths of a filament wound laminate. Either specimens are resected from a curved tube, from a tube with plane areas or standardized flat specimens are manufactured under deviating production conditions. All approaches entail disadvantages, whether in terms of manufacturing or testing parameters including geometry, lay-up sequence, porosity, fiber tension and load direction. This study presents the discrepancies in the determination of mechanical properties of a filament wound glass-fiber-reinforced polymer tube on curved or cylindrical specimens and flat specimens produced to meet the specifications of international standards. In order to obtain material properties not only in longitudinal but also in transverse direction of the tubes, the so-called split-disk tensile test modeled after ASTM Standard D 2290, is used with tube segments.The procedures of specimen production and preparation are described in detail. Material properties such as the fiber volume and void content of the composite specimens are conducted in order to consider quality and production differences. Finally tensile tests are performed and the results are compared and discussed. KW - Composite KW - Fiber-reinforced polymer KW - Filament winding KW - Split-disk KW - Tensile tests KW - Tubes Y1 - 2017 UR - https://www.athensjournals.gr/technology/2017-4-3-2-Kastenmeier.pdf VL - 4 IS - 3 SP - 191 EP - 205 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ottawa, Patrycja A1 - Romano, Marco A1 - Ehrlich, Ingo A1 - Wagner, Marcus A1 - Gebbeken, Norbert T1 - The influence of ondulation in fabric reinforced composites on dynamic properties in a mesoscopic scale T2 - 11. LS-DYNA Forum, 9. - 10. Oktober 2012, Ulm N2 - Structural mechanic properties of fiber reinforced plastics depend on the single components’ properties, namely matrix and fiber [5]. Simple micromechanic homogenization theories reach a limit when a laminate consists of fabric reinforced layers instead of unidirectional layers. The ondulations of warp and fill yarn caused by the textile semi-finished product are the reason why the mesoscopic scale, which is in between the microscopic and the macroscopic scale, has to be taken into account when mechanically characterizing fabric reinforced composites [3]. In this scale a mesomechanic kinematic can be derived analytically. Especially, when considering free damped vibrations of structures the repeated acting of the kinematic correlation significantly affects the damping behaviour to higher values compared to theoretically predicted damping ratios. The model is investigated using Finite-Element-Analyses and basically validated experimentally. Y1 - 2012 UR - https://www.dynamore.de/de/download/papers/dynamore/de/download/papers/ls-dyna-forum-2012/documents/materials-5-2 SP - 171 EP - 172 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bohmann, T. A1 - Schlamp, Matthias A1 - Ehrlich, Ingo T1 - Acoustic emission of material damages in glass fibre-reinforced plastics JF - Composites Part B: Engineering N2 - The aim of this study is to compare two different standardized testing procedures, tensile testing and Mode-I double cantilever beam (DCB) testing, to evaluate a possible correlation between the dominant failure in glass fibre-reinforced plastics and their according acoustic emissions (AE). AE is processed by using a burst collection of all recorded transient signals and is further analysed with the k-means clustering algorithm. To generate damage related AE, a series of experiments for tensile testing and Mode-I DCB testing is performed on 16-layer glass fibre/epoxy specimens with a cross-ply lay-up for tensile and an unidirectional lay-up for Mode-I DCB testing. Three sensors at tensile testing and one sensor at Mode-I DCB testing gather AE data. The results of clustered burst signals show a good accordance between both testing procedures, with a similar weighted peak frequency (WPF) range in each classified cluster. In total, three different clusters are determined. An assignment of these three clusters to the three dominant damage mechanisms, visually observed by microscopy, is suggested. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.09.018 VL - 155 IS - December SP - 444 EP - 451 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Valentino, Piergiorgio A1 - Romano, Marco A1 - Ehrlich, Ingo A1 - Furgiuele, Franco A1 - Gebbeken, Norbert T1 - Mechanische Charakterisierung von basaltfaser-verstärkten Kunststoffen mit Gewebeverstärkung – Numerische und experimentelle Untersuchungen T2 - Forschungsbericht 2013 Y1 - 2014 UR - https://doi.org/10.35096/othr/pub-799 PB - inixmedia GmbH Marketing & Medienberatung ER -