TY - CHAP A1 - Croce, Valeria A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav ED - Bien, Jan T1 - Planning post earthquake surveys: assessments and reconstruction of small historical centres T2 - 1st IABSE Online Symposium 2020, Synergy of culture and civil engineering - history and challenges: Wrocław, Poland, 7-9 October 2020, Proceedings N2 - The contribution presents a methodological procedure for the management and planning of interventions after earthquake events in small historic centres. Reference is made to the case study of Castelluccio di Norcia, a village in the Apennine Mountains affected by the seismic sequence that hit Central Italy in 2016. The earthquake risk of the area and the damaging events of 2016 are critically reviewed. The implementation of cognitive analysis and the application of advanced survey techniques involving the use of nmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for the purposes of emergency management and monitoring of damaged areas are analysed. The outcomes, combined with the direct involvement of the local population, represent a complete and integrated approach allowing the definition of a) possible intervention strategies, b) related decision criteria and c) practical recommendations for the reconstruction and regeneration of Castelluccio, and, in general, of small historic centres damaged by catastrophic events. Y1 - 2021 UR - http://toc.proceedings.com/57946webtoc.pdf SN - 978-1-7138-2387-2 SP - 332 EP - 339 PB - Curran Associates Inc CY - Red Hook, NY ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav T1 - Reliability Differentiation and Uniform Risk in Standards BT - a Critical Review and a Practical Appraisal: kriticki pregled i prakticna ocjena T2 - Scientific Symposium Future Trends in Civil Engineering, Zagreb,Croatia, 17 October 2029 N2 - Reliability of structures and infrastructures is a major issue in structural engineering. Structural standards have traditionally been mainly concerned with public safety preventing loss of life or injury; this view has been shifting in recent years towards minimisation of economic loss. This contribution discusses the reliability differentiation principle in modern standards. Its aim is to achieve uniform risk levels for the various classes of structures. Codified criteria for reliability differentiation and risk informed decisions inherent in standards and especially in the Eurocodes are critically reviewed. It is shown that the classification of structures based on consequences of failure is an approach that has not been widely implemented in everyday design. Practical rules for the classification and implementation in design are needed and related proposals are presented. T2 - Razlikovanje pouzdanosti i ujednacenost rizika u propisima Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5592/CO/FTCE.2019.11 SP - 241 EP - 260 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Mueller, Dominik A1 - Sousa, Helder T1 - A practical guide on the quantification of value of information gained by structural health monitoring and application to historic masonry structures JF - Structure and Infrastructure Engineering N2 - Structural health monitoring (SHM) projects are mostly based on semi-empirical decisions, emphasising the importance of the structure and lacking a rational comparison of the benefits and costs. The present work offers guidance to overcome this, based on an objective framework using the quantification of the value of SHM in an engineering context. Firstly, procedures for practising engineers are outlined on the basis of the COST guidelines. Secondly, a case study, focused on the reliability of a historic masonry structure, demonstrates the optimisation of surveys based on non-destructive tests calibrated by destructive tests. Both the outlined procedures and case study are carefully prepared and in tune, so the reader can easily understand the feasibility of the framework. Decisions on the utilisation of SHM in practical applications can be effectively achieved based on the highest expected utility gained by SHM. For this, two scenarios are needed: (i) a scenario with at least one SHM strategy and (ii) a scenario without any SHM. KW - Decision-making KW - guidelines KW - historic masonry KW - optimisation KW - STRENGTH KW - structural health monitoring KW - tests KW - uncertainty KW - value of information Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2020.1857793 VL - 18 IS - 4 SP - 441 EP - 455 PB - Taylor&Francis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Holický, Milan A1 - Marková, Jana A1 - Rózsás, Árpád T1 - Assessment of compressive strength of historic masonry using non-destructive and destructive techniques JF - Construction and Building Materials N2 - Masonry structures were built by various techniques using different materials, the properties of which exhibit a considerable scatter dependent on periods of construction and region-specific conditions. For historic structures with a heritage value, various non- or minor-destructive tests (NDTs) are commonly applied, while the application of destructive tests (DTs) is minimized. The contribution is based on investigations of 15 historic stone and clay brick masonry structures, for which NDT strengths of masonry units are verified by DTs. The proposed operational approach makes it possible to account for statistical uncertainty due to a limited number of DTs used to calibrate NDTs. KW - Calibration KW - Clay bricks KW - Compressive strength KW - Mortar KW - Non-destructive test KW - Statistical analysis KW - Stone masonry KW - Uncertainty Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.10.180 VL - 193 IS - December SP - 196 EP - 210 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav T1 - Implementing Snow Load Monitoring to control Reliability of a Stadium Roof T2 - Transactions of VSB N2 - This contribution shows how monitoring can be used to control reliability of a structure not complying with the requirements of Eurocodes. A general methodology to obtain cost-optimal decisions using limit state design, probabilistic reliability analysis and cost estimates is utilised in a full-scale case study dealing with the roof of a stadium located in Northern Italy. The results demonstrate the potential of monitoring systems and probabilistic reliability analysis to support decisions regarding safety measures such as snow removal, or temporary closure of the stadium. KW - Cost optimisation KW - decision making criteria KW - Eurocodes KW - monitoring KW - reliability analysis KW - snow load KW - stadium roof, standard Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.35181/tces-2019-0006 VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - 35 EP - 40 PB - TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF OSTRAVA ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Benekos, Ioannis A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris T1 - On risk assessment and risk acceptance of dangerous goods transportation through road tunnels in Greece JF - Safety Science N2 - Prescriptive and risk-based methods including qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative approaches exist for the risk assessment of road tunnels. This paper provides an overview and a brief discussion of these methods and uses representative traffic and accident data in Greece in a typical tunnel conforming with the minimum infrastructure requirements of the European Directive 2004/54/EC to compare and discuss the resulting risk for each of these methods. Conclusions regarding the implementation of risk analysis methods and the use of the associated existing national guideline are drawn and recommendations for further developments in standards are provided. An integrated framework for the optimal selection of safety measures based on risk reduction and socio-economic considerations is proposed and its applicability in risk analysis of road tunnels is discussed. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Accidents KW - Dangerous goods KW - Risk KW - Risk acceptance KW - Risk analysis KW - Risk assessment KW - Road tunnels Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2016.07.013 VL - 91 IS - 91 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Holicky, Milan A1 - Jung, Karel T1 - Target reliability for existing structures considering economic and societal aspects JF - Structure and infrastructure engineering N2 - Specification of target reliability levels is one of the key issues of the assessment of existing structures. ISO 13822:2010 and ISO 2394:2015 indicate procedures for specification of target reliability levels by optimisation of the total cost related to an assumed remaining working life of a structure. These approaches are critically compared with human safety criteria, with target levels based on a marginal life-saving costs principle, and with recommendations of present standards. Optimal target reliability levels are then derived in the representative case study for an existing structural member. It appears that the requirement to reach the same target reliability levels for existing and new structures is uneconomical. Decisions made in the assessment can result in the acceptance of the actual state or in the upgrade of an existing structure. Two reliability levels are thus needed - the minimum level below which the structure is unreliable and should be upgraded, and the target level indicating an optimum upgrade strategy. It is recommended that these levels be established using economic optimisation and the marginal life-saving costs principle, as both the approaches take into account the costs of safety measures and the failure consequences. KW - design KW - Economic optimisation KW - existing structures KW - human safety KW - Life Quality Index KW - Optimization KW - target reliability, *GuI Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2016.1198394 VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 181 EP - 194 PB - Taylor&Francis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Retief, Johan Verster A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Barnardo-Viljoen, Celeste A1 - van der Klashorst, Etienne T1 - Extreme actions and climate change: experience gained in South Africa and Germany JF - Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems N2 - The results of a survey of climate change developments in South Africa and Germany from the perspective of its relevance to extreme actions on infrastructure are presented in this paper. It is concluded that the importance of climate change is broad and varied. However incorporation into practice is mostly nominal. Although general trends of climate change are confirmed, proper information on changes in extreme conditions is limited. Coastal engineering seems to be the field which is most active in providing for climate change. It is concluded that risk-based methodologies developed to treat the variability and uncertainties of extreme actions and consequences in present practice provide a sound basis for treating the effects of climate change in a rational and optimal manner. It is also clear that there is strong motivation for extensive research as the best action to be taken presently, anticipating appropriate adjustment of re-optimised design methodologies. KW - climate change KW - extreme actions KW - infrastructure KW - risk-based methodologies KW - optimised design Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10286608.2014.912640 SN - 1029-0249 SN - 1028-6608 VL - 31 IS - 2 SP - 179 EP - 188 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - Abingdon ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Retief, Johan Verster A1 - Barnardo-Viljoen, Celeste A1 - van der Klashorst, Etienne A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris ED - Deodatis, George ED - Ellingwood, Bruce ED - Frangopol, Dan M. T1 - Extreme actions and climate change T2 - Safety, Reliability, Risk and Life-Cycle Performance of Structures and Infrastructures : proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Structural Safety and Reliability, New York, USA, 16-20 June 2013 Y1 - 2014 SN - 9780429227950 SP - 1543 EP - 1550 PB - CRC Press CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav A1 - Holický, Milan A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris T1 - Probabilistic updating in the reliability assessment of industrial heritage structures JF - Heron N2 - Assessment of existing structures should be based on the actual as-built conditions concerning geometry, material properties, loading and environmental conditions. A crucial step of the assessment consists in updating of prior information by newly obtained measurements which may be conducted by Bayesian approach. Updating of probabilistic distributions of basic variables or direct updating of failure probability can be effectively used. Application of theoretical principles is illustrated by a case study of a historic factory built in 1900s. The paper is a tribute to Ton Vrouwenvelder for his essential contributions to developments of theory and promotion of practical applications of probabilistic assessment of existing structures. Y1 - 2016 UR - http://www.heronjournal.nl/59-23/1.pdf SN - 0046-7316 VL - 59 IS - 2/3 PB - Stevin-Laboratorium, TU Delft CY - Delft ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steenbergen, R.D.J.M. A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Holický, Milan A1 - Vrouwenvelder, A.C.W.M. T1 - Economic and human safety reliability levels for existing structures JF - Structural Concrete. JOurnal of the fib N2 - Specifying the target reliability levels is one of the key issues in the assessment of existing structures. For a majority of existing buildings and infrastructures, the design life has been reached or will be reached in the near future. These structures need to be reassessed in order to verify their safety. Eurocodes provide a general basis primarily intended for the design of new structures, but the basic principles can be used for assessing existing buildings, too. Reliability levels are generally based on both economic optimization and criteria for human safety. In this study, both methods are elaborated for existing structures. It appears that the requirement for the same target reliability for existing and new structures is uneconomical. Further, cost optimization seems to yield rather low reliability levels and human safety criteria often become the critical factor. The study concludes with practical guidelines for establishing reliability indices for existing structures linked to Eurocode principles. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.201500022 VL - 16 SP - 323 EP - 332 PB - Wiley ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Tanner, Peter A1 - de Diego, Ana A1 - Lara Sarache, Carlos A1 - Prieto, Miguel A1 - Hingorani, Ramón A1 - Holický, Milan A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Menéndez Ondina, Antonio A1 - Croce, Pietro A1 - Bartelletti, Raffaello A1 - Beconcini, Maria Luisa A1 - Formichi, Paolo A1 - Marsili, Francesca A1 - Muzzi, Martina A1 - Rosso, Elisa A1 - Toprak, Selcuk A1 - Inel, Mehmet A1 - Koc, Cem A1 - Nacaroglu, Engin A1 - Senel, Sevket Murat T1 - Operational methods for the assessment and management of aging infrastructure N2 - The Leonardo da Vinci Project, “Innovation Transfer in Risk Assessment and Management of Aging Infrastructures”, CZ/13/LLP-LdV/TOI/134014, addresses the urgent need to train students, young engineers and professionals in the assessment of existing infrastructures. The future of the construction industry lies in moving from new constructions towards the maintenance, repair and rehabilitation of existing structures, particularly of aging infrastructures. Risk management consisting of risk assessment and risk control of existing structure therefore plays thereby an important role. The assessment of existing infrastructures is an imperative issue of great economic significance in most countries around the world, as more than 50 % of all construction activities concerns existing buildings, bridges and other civil engineering works. At present, the Eurocodes which will be used in all CEN Member countries are primarily focused on the design of new structures. Additional operational rules for existing structures are still missing. The international standard ISO 13822 provides only general principles for the assessment of existing structures which should be further developed for their effective operational use in practice. The overall procedure of risk management of aging infrastructures is therefore an urgent issue of great economic significance in most countries around the world. This is primarily caused due to the fact that many infrastructures are affected by action effects, fatigue and environmental influences, and inevitably deteriorate. Moreover, available resources for the maintenance, repair or possible replacement of infrastructures are always limited. Typical questions and problems which must be solved in this context can be summarized as follows: • What is the current state of a particular infrastructure? • What is an acceptable level of the relevant risk? • Which aspects are critical to sustainable performance? • What is the optimum life-cycle cost? • What is the best long-term funding strategy? The proposed project highlights the above problems and focusses also on vocational training in risk management and assessment of aging infrastructure in the partner countries (CZ, DE, ES, IT and TR). The current project addresses the urgent need for practical implementation of principles of the management and risk assessment of existing infrastructures in all the partner countries. The project is supported by the Czech Chamber of Chartered Engineers (ČKAIT). The project consortium, under the leadership of the Klokner Institute of the Czech Technical University in Prague (KI CTU), consists of five other partners, including research institutions and universities from three EU Member States (DE, ES, IT) as well as one associated country (TR), and also the Secondary Technical School of Civil Engineering in Ceske Budejovice (CZ). All researchers within the partnership are involved in research projects dealing with reliability assessment of existing structures. They participate in the national and international standardization activities within the international organizations CEN (European Committee for Standardisation) and ISO (International Standardization Organisation). The project outcomes consist of vocational training materials based on international research and relevant standard committee’s activities, and on the significant experience gained from case studies, and on selected results obtained from the previous projects of the Leonardo da Vinci programme. In particular, the experience gained by the partners of the present consortium from the completed project on vocational training related to assessment of existing structures is utilized. Available innovations are transferred to undergraduate and graduate students, practising engineers and local government representatives. The developed training materials are of practical use in offering illustrative examples and several case studies. All the project outcomes are based on documents of the international research organization, Joint Committee on Structural Safety JCSS and international research projects, selected outcomes of the previous project of the Leonardo da Vinci programme (developed by five partners of the present consortium in 2013-2015) and also on background documents to the new European and international standards. Particular outcomes of the proposed project include practical handbooks, software tools, web-sites, e-learning, courses and seminars organized in the partners´ home countries. The project outcomes will also be offered to other European countries through code committees work, lectures and the project web-sites. It is foreseen that the outcomes being used by engineers, designers, technicians, and representatives of public authorities involved in planning and management will have an impact on the risk-based management of infrastructures. One of the important project outcomes is the present Handbook 2 “Operational Methods for the Assessment and Management of Aging Infrastructure”, which is focussed on operational techniques for the assessment of aging infrastructures supplemented by illustrative case studies developed according to ISO 13822 and Eurocodes for different structures and materials. From the mentioned project also result Handbook 1, where general procedures of risk-management and assessment of aging infrastructures are presented, and Handbook 3, where operational techniques for the assessment of aging infrastructures supplemented by illustrative case studies are presented with a more basic approach. Handbook 2 consists of eleven chapters. Chapter 1 gives a brief introduction. Chapter 2 summarizes current applicable standards and codes for existing structures. Chapter 3 reviews survey methods. The remaining chapters are devoted to the illustration of relevant case studies, referring to the assessment of different existing infrastructures. In particular, chapter 4 refers to a commercial building, chapter 5 to a r.c. building damaged by corrosion, chapter 6 to silos, chapter 7 to pipelines and water supply systems, chapter 8 to tanks, chapter 9 to historical aqueducts, chapter 10 to bridges and chapter 11 to dams and flood protection systems. In each case studies the entire procedure of the assessment is illustrated step by step emphasizing references to relevant Codes and in particular to ISO 13822. It is believed that the material of this handbook is presented in an understandable way, referring to several case studies. A number of references mentioned in each chapter provide additional background materials, further guidance and information useful to widen the significance and the field of application of the assessment methods illustrated for each case study. Pisa and Prague, 2015 Y1 - 2015 SN - 9788882501471 PB - Tipografía editrice Pisana CY - Pisa, Italia ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Barnardo-Viljoen, Celeste A1 - van der Klashorst, Etienne A1 - Retief, Johan Verster A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris T1 - Extreme actions and climate change: Experience gained in South Africa and Germany T2 - Robust engineering solutions with environmental loading. The 11th International Conference on Structural Safety and Reliability (ICOSSAR 2013), New York, USA N2 - Since resistance against extreme environmental actions explicitly forms part of the basis of structural design, the implications of climate change emphatically needs to be considered. This paper presents the results of a survey of climate change developments in South Africa and Germany from the perspective of its rele-vance to extreme actions on infrastructure. It is concluded that the importance of climate change is broad and varied. However incorporation into practice is mostly nominal. Although general trends of climate change are confirmed, proper information on changes in extreme conditions is limited. Coastal engineering seems to be the field which is most active in providing for climate change. It is concluded that risk based methodologies developed to treat the variability and uncertainties of extreme actions and consequences in present practice provide a sound basis for treating the effects of climate change in a rational and optimal manner. It is also clear that there is strong motivation for extensive research as the best action to be taken presently, anticipating appropriate adjustment of reoptimized design methodologies. Y1 - 2013 PB - Inderscience Enterprises Ltd ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Holický, Milan ED - Zingoni, Alphose T1 - Reliability Differentiation in the Eurocodes T2 - Advances and trends in structural engineering, mechanics and computation (SEMC 2010) : proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation, 6 - 8 September 2010, Cape Town, South Africa N2 - Structural Eurocodes offer the opportunity of harmonized design standards for the European construction markets and the rest of the world. Eurocodes aim at delivering structures with an appropriate degree of reliability and in an economic way. The reliability requirements of the Eurocodes and the associated background philosophy are discussed in this contribution. The definition and the measure of reliability in standards and especially in the Eurocodes are reviewed. The procedures for selecting target and acceptable re-liability levels are summarized and the reliability differentiation in the Eurocodes is highlighted. Global failure aspects including robustness are briefly discussed. Finally examples from case studies are provided demonstrating the applicability and the benefits from the reliability differentiation approach. Y1 - 2010 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281290434_Reliability_Differentiation_in_the_Eurocodes SN - 978-0-415-58472-2 PB - CRC Press/Balkema ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Canisius, Gerard T1 - Risk based criteria for the verification of global structural performance T2 - 1st International Conference on Performance Based and Life-Cycle Structural Engineering (PLSE 2012), 5 - 7 December 2012 in Hong Kong, China Y1 - 2012 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281290353_Risk_based_criteria_for_the_verification_of_global_structural_performance PB - HKISC CY - Hong Kong ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Retief, Johan Verster A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Barnardo-Viljoen, Celeste A1 - van der Klashorst, Etienne T1 - Application of Risk Based Infrastructure Design Concepts to provision for climate change T2 - American Meteorological Society (AMS), 94th AMS annual meeting, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Y1 - 2014 PB - American Meteorological Society ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Holický, Milan A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Retief, Johan Verster A1 - Barnardo-Viljoen, Celeste T1 - On Standardization of the Reliability Basis of Structural Design T2 - ICASP12 : 12th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering, Vancouver, Canada, July 12-15, 2015 N2 - The principles of structural reliability are sufficiently advanced to be used extensively to develop design standards even at international level. The concept of limit states is generally accepted and implemented. Present standards are however to a large extent based on past experience, rather than on quantitative reliability modeling. It appears that reliability principles and models can bridge the gap between probabilistic assessment and operational design. Representative theoretical models are presented to indicate how judgment based reliability concepts can be complemented or replaced by the use of such models. The importance of reliability levels, reference period, design working life, specified characteristic values of basic variables and methods to derive their design values from reliability procedures are demonstrated. On this basis a standardized basis of structural design can be formulated to convert the reliability principles (such as provided by ISO 2394) into operational design procedures (such as used by EN 1990 and other standards). It is concluded that reliability principles and models could contribute further to international harmonization of structural design. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0076062 PB - The University of British Columbia CY - Vancouver ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Holický, Milan A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav T1 - Risk and reliability acceptance criteria for civil engineering structures T2 - Structural Reliability and Modelling in Mechanics Conference, Ostrava, Czech Republic, May 2016 N2 - The specification of risk and reliability acceptance criteria is a key issue of structural design and verification of existing structures. Current target reliability levels in standards appear to have considerable scatter. Critical review of risk acceptance approaches to societal, economic and environmental risk indicates that an optimal design strategy is mostly dominated by economic aspects while human safety aspects need to be verified only in special cases. It is recommended to specify the target levels considering economic optimisation and the marginal life-saving costs principle, as both these approaches take into account the failure consequences and costs of safety measures. Y1 - 2016 SP - 1 EP - 10 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav A1 - Barnardo-Viljoen, Celeste A1 - Retief, Johan Verster A1 - Rózsás, Árpád ED - Bakker, Jaap ED - Frangopol, Dan M. ED - Van Breugel, Klaas T1 - On Risk-Based Design of Structures Exposed to Changing Climatic Actions T2 - Life-Cycle of Engineering Systems : Emphasis on Sustainable Civil Infrastructure ; The Fifth International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering (IALCCE 2016) 16-20 October 2016, Delft, The Netherlands Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-1-138-02847-0 SN - 978-1-315-37517-5 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ; Boca Raton ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav A1 - Holický, Milan A1 - Jung, Karel A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris ED - Akiyama, Mitsuyoshi ED - Furuta, Hitoshi ED - Frangopol, Dan M. T1 - Target reliability levels for assessment of existing structures considering economic and societal aspects T2 - Life-Cycle of Structural Systems N2 - Specification of the target reliability levels is one of the key issues of the assessment of existing structures. ISO 13822:2010 and ISO 2394:1998 indicate procedures for deriving the target reliability levels by optimisation of the total cost related to an assumed remaining working life of a structure. In the submitted study this approach is applied to estimate the target reliability levels of an existing structural member in conjunction with the human safety criteria. Obtained results are critically compared with the recommendations given in present standards. It appears that the requirement on the same target reliability levels for existing structures as for new structures is uneconomical. Further, the cost optimisation seems to yield rather low reliability levels and human safety criteria become commonly decisive for specification of the target reliabilities of existing structures. Y1 - 2014 SN - 9780429227196 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1201/b17618-121 SP - 838 EP - 845 PB - CRC Press CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Marková, Jana A1 - Masciotta, Maria Giovanna ED - Baričević, Ana ED - Jelčić Rukavina, Marija ED - Damjanović, Domagoi ED - Guadagnini, Maurizio T1 - Optimizing in-situ testing for historic masonry structures: a case study BT - a case study T2 - International Conference on Sustainable Materials, Systems and Structures (SMSS 2019) : Durability, Monitoring and Repair of Structures, 20-22 March 2019, Rovinj, Croatia Y1 - 2019 UR - http://toc.proceedings.com/50441webtoc.pdf SN - 978-1-5108-9296-5 SP - 684 EP - 691 PB - RILEM Publications ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Orcesi, André A1 - O'Connor, Alan A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav A1 - Wu, Teng A1 - Akiyama, Mitsuyoshi A1 - Alhamid, Abdul Kadir A1 - Schmidt, Franziska A1 - Pregnolato, Maria A1 - Li, Yue A1 - Salarieh, Babak A1 - Salman, Abdullahi M. A1 - Bastidas-Arteaga, Emilio A1 - Markogiannaki, Olga A1 - Schoefs, Franck T1 - Investigating the Effects of Climate Change on Structural Actions JF - Structural Engineering International N2 - The changing climate with resulting more extreme weather events will likely impact infrastructure assets and services. This phenomenon can present direct threats to the assets as well as significant indirect effects for those relying on the services those assets deliver. Such threats are path-dependent and place-specific, as they strongly depend on current and future climate variability, location, asset design life, function and condition. One key question is how climate change is likely to increase both the probability and magnitude of extreme weather events under different scenarios of climate change. To address this issue, this paper investigates selected effects of climate change and their consequences on structural performance, in the context of evolving loading scenarios in three different continental regions: Europe, North America, and Asia. The aim is to investigate some main place-specific changes of the exposure in terms of intensity/frequency of extreme events as well as the associated challenges, considering some recent activities of members of the IABSE TG6.1. Climate change can significantly affect built infrastructure and the society by increasing the occurrence and magnitude of extreme events and increasing potential losses. Therefore, specific relationships relating hazard levels and structural vulnerability to climate change effects should be determined. KW - climate change KW - extreme weather events KW - flooding KW - hurricanes KW - scour KW - sea-level rise KW - tsunami Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10168664.2022.2098894 VL - 32 IS - 4 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Taylor & Francis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Orcesi, André A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - O’Connor, Alan A1 - Palmisano, Fabrizio A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav A1 - Boros, Vazul A1 - Caspeele, Robby A1 - Chateauneuf, Alaa A1 - Mandić Ivanković, Ana A1 - Lenner, Roman A1 - Kušter Marić, Marija A1 - Nadolski, Vitali A1 - Schmidt, Franziska A1 - Skokandić, Dominik A1 - van der Spuy, Pierre T1 - Investigating Partial Factors for the Assessment of Existing Reinforced Concrete Bridges JF - Structural Engineering International N2 - There is great interest in developing an adequate partial factor format for the assessment of existing structures, and in particular bridges, that should be able to take various aspects into account linked to the fact that the structure already exists. As the structure is existing, additional information related to material parameters, loading conditions, local structural defects, etc. can be accounted for. In addition, the degree of conservatism needs to be well balanced to avoid unnecessary investment of resources in replacement or retrofitting. This contribution considers the experience gained in recent years in parallel with some ongoing standardisation work in relation to Eurocodes and the next edition of the fib Model Code for new and existing concrete structures. The current state of the art of partial factors for the assessment of existing structures is explored and the differences are assessed based on a comparison between (i) the use of recommended fixed partial factors as provided in many national and international codes, (ii) adjusted (flexible) partial factors derived for the individual case under consideration, and (ii) reliability-based verification. In order to assess the adequacy of proposals and identify some differences, the available partial factor formats are applied to two case studies of reinforced concrete bridges and they are critically assessed. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10168664.2023.2204115 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Taylor & Francis ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sykora, Miroslav A1 - Nadolski, Vitali A1 - Novak, Lukáš A1 - Novak, Drahomír A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris T1 - Pilot comparison of semi-probabilistic methods applied to RC structures with multiple failure modes T2 - Concrete Innovation for Sustainability, 6th fib International Congress in Oslo, Norway (2022), proceedings, 12-16 June 2022, Oslo, Norway Y1 - 2022 SP - 1890 EP - 1899 PB - fib ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Orcesi, Andre A1 - Bastidas-Arteaga, Emilio A1 - Markogiannaki, Olga A1 - Li, Yue A1 - Schoefs, Franck A1 - Ballester, Jorge A1 - O'Connor, Alan A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav A1 - Imam, Boulent A1 - Pregnolato, Maria A1 - Stewart, Mark A1 - Ryan, Paraic A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Wu, Teng A1 - Schmidt, Franziska A1 - Kreislová, Kateřina A1 - Salman, Abdullahi M. T1 - Investigating the effects of climate change on structural resistance and actions T2 - IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021, Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs: 22.02.2021 - 24.02.2021, Ghent, Belgium N2 - One major issue when considering the effects of climate change is to understand, qualify and quantify how natural hazards and the changing climate will likely impact infrastructure assets and services as it strongly depends on current and future climate variability, location, asset design life, function and condition. So far, there is no well-defined and agreed performance indicator that isolates the effects of climate change for structures. Rather, one can mention some key considerations on how climate change may produce changes of vulnerability due to physical and chemical actions affecting structural durability or changes of the exposure in terms of intensity/frequency of extreme events. This paper considers these two aspects and associated challenges, considering some recent activities of members of the IABSE TG6.1. KW - adaptation KW - climate change KW - Durability KW - extreme events KW - vulnerability Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.0974 SP - 974 EP - 985 PB - International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE) CY - Zürich ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pandey, Mahesh A1 - Viljoen, Celeste A1 - Way, Andrew A1 - Katharina Fischer, Katharina A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Steenbergen, Raphaël D.J.M. A1 - Lind, Niels A1 - Frangopol, Dan M. A1 - Yang, David Y. A1 - Retief, Johan Verster A1 - André, João A1 - Nathwani, Jatin A1 - Lenner, Roman T1 - Life safety in the Reliability-Based design and assessment of structures JF - Structural Safety N2 - We review the developments in life safety and the incorporation thereof in the design and assessment of structures over the last 50 years. Various measures of life safety are presented that have been developed according to the marginal life saving cost principle based on individual, societal and economic considerations. Target probabilities of failure, or target reliabilities, are central to modern structural design and assessment. These are derived either through back-calibration to existing practice or through life cycle cost minimisation, both of which yield comparable safety levels, and are underpinned by lower bounds from life safety. Life cycle cost minimisation is reviewed here, which considers all direct and indirect costs of failure including loss of life and limb, as well as the costs and efficiency of increasing reliability. We discuss the incorporation of life safety into reliability-based design and assessment through the concept of the Life Quality Index, which uses key societal indicators, namely, the GDP and life expectancy, and health economics as a basis for specifying minimum reliabilities for both new and existing structures. The current state of advancement of reliability- and risk-informed design, and recommendations for future developments in life safety are considered. KW - Life safety KW - Structural assessment KW - Standardization KW - Reliability-based design KW - Risk-informed design Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2024.102453 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Tanner, Peter A1 - Holicky, Milan A1 - Madsen, Henrik O. A1 - Sykora, Miroslav T1 - On reliability assessment of existing structures JF - Structural Safety N2 - This contribution discusses the reliability assessment of existing structures emphasizing on developments within or initiated by the JCSS. After a bibliographical review, the principles of reliability updating, i.e. Bayesian updating of random variables and updating of event probabilities are summarized. Developments in standards and established verification formats—partial factor or load and resistance factor, reliability-based, and risk-informed—are briefly presented and discussed. The impact of JCSS work in recent standards such as ISO 13822, the draft Eurocode prEN1990-2, and the fib Model Code 2020 as well as in national standards is highlighted. Criteria for defining target reliabilities for existing structures including human safety and optimization are critically reviewed. Obstacles for a wider implementation of reliability-based and risk-informed methods in practice are identified and conclusions for future developments are drawn. Finally, Annex A illustrates updating procedures for resistance variables and Annex B presents a case study. KW - Existing structures KW - Uncertainties KW - Updating KW - Target reliability KW - Reliability verification Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2024.102452 SN - 0167-4730 PB - Elsevier ER -