TY - JOUR A1 - Retief, Johan Verster A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Barnardo-Viljoen, Celeste A1 - van der Klashorst, Etienne T1 - Extreme actions and climate change: experience gained in South Africa and Germany JF - Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems N2 - The results of a survey of climate change developments in South Africa and Germany from the perspective of its relevance to extreme actions on infrastructure are presented in this paper. It is concluded that the importance of climate change is broad and varied. However incorporation into practice is mostly nominal. Although general trends of climate change are confirmed, proper information on changes in extreme conditions is limited. Coastal engineering seems to be the field which is most active in providing for climate change. It is concluded that risk-based methodologies developed to treat the variability and uncertainties of extreme actions and consequences in present practice provide a sound basis for treating the effects of climate change in a rational and optimal manner. It is also clear that there is strong motivation for extensive research as the best action to be taken presently, anticipating appropriate adjustment of re-optimised design methodologies. KW - climate change KW - extreme actions KW - infrastructure KW - risk-based methodologies KW - optimised design Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10286608.2014.912640 SN - 1029-0249 SN - 1028-6608 VL - 31 IS - 2 SP - 179 EP - 188 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - Abingdon ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav A1 - Holický, Milan A1 - Rózsás, Árpád A1 - Barnardo-Viljoen, Celeste A1 - Retief, Johan Verster A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris T1 - Risk Based Design of Infrastructures under Extreme Actions due to Environmental Change T2 - Life-cycle of engineering systems: emphasis on sustainable civil infrastructure, Symposium of the International Association for Life-Cycle Civil Engineering (IALCCE), 2016, Delft N2 - Environmental and climate change is a global issue that will and has already impacted the frequency and intensity of natural hazards in many regions throughout the world. Consequently, the actions on structures will be changing and present design practices will need to be adapted to provide for reliable structures with service lifetimes spanning over decades and centuries. A submitted review of present environmental and climate change information is focused on the distinct, but complementary climatic conditions of Central Europe and South Africa. An outline of the basis of structural design accounting for extreme wind and snow loads is presented and recommendations for future risk-based design procedures are discussed. Issues to consider include: a) use of extreme value models; b) implementation of changes in distribution parameters to obtain extremes with long return periods; c) consideration of the rate of the change. The example of a representative structure illustrates the effects of climatic actions on structural reliability. It appears that uncertainties related to the lack of observations hinder drawing strong conclusions concerning appropriate modifications of design procedures due to environmental and climate change. Uncertainties in the prediction of environmental and climate change have a direct bearing on optimal levels of reliability and the subsequent derivation of design values. Y1 - 2018 PB - Taylor & Francis ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Holický, Milan A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Retief, Johan Verster A1 - Barnardo-Viljoen, Celeste T1 - On Standardization of the Reliability Basis of Structural Design T2 - ICASP12 : 12th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering, Vancouver, Canada, July 12-15, 2015 N2 - The principles of structural reliability are sufficiently advanced to be used extensively to develop design standards even at international level. The concept of limit states is generally accepted and implemented. Present standards are however to a large extent based on past experience, rather than on quantitative reliability modeling. It appears that reliability principles and models can bridge the gap between probabilistic assessment and operational design. Representative theoretical models are presented to indicate how judgment based reliability concepts can be complemented or replaced by the use of such models. The importance of reliability levels, reference period, design working life, specified characteristic values of basic variables and methods to derive their design values from reliability procedures are demonstrated. On this basis a standardized basis of structural design can be formulated to convert the reliability principles (such as provided by ISO 2394) into operational design procedures (such as used by EN 1990 and other standards). It is concluded that reliability principles and models could contribute further to international harmonization of structural design. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0076062 PB - The University of British Columbia CY - Vancouver ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Barnardo-Viljoen, Celeste A1 - van der Klashorst, Etienne A1 - Retief, Johan Verster A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris T1 - Extreme actions and climate change: Experience gained in South Africa and Germany T2 - Robust engineering solutions with environmental loading. The 11th International Conference on Structural Safety and Reliability (ICOSSAR 2013), New York, USA N2 - Since resistance against extreme environmental actions explicitly forms part of the basis of structural design, the implications of climate change emphatically needs to be considered. This paper presents the results of a survey of climate change developments in South Africa and Germany from the perspective of its rele-vance to extreme actions on infrastructure. It is concluded that the importance of climate change is broad and varied. However incorporation into practice is mostly nominal. Although general trends of climate change are confirmed, proper information on changes in extreme conditions is limited. Coastal engineering seems to be the field which is most active in providing for climate change. It is concluded that risk based methodologies developed to treat the variability and uncertainties of extreme actions and consequences in present practice provide a sound basis for treating the effects of climate change in a rational and optimal manner. It is also clear that there is strong motivation for extensive research as the best action to be taken presently, anticipating appropriate adjustment of reoptimized design methodologies. Y1 - 2013 PB - Inderscience Enterprises Ltd ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Retief, Johan Verster A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Barnardo-Viljoen, Celeste A1 - van der Klashorst, Etienne T1 - Application of Risk Based Infrastructure Design Concepts to provision for climate change T2 - American Meteorological Society (AMS), 94th AMS annual meeting, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Y1 - 2014 PB - American Meteorological Society ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav A1 - Barnardo-Viljoen, Celeste A1 - Retief, Johan Verster A1 - Rózsás, Árpád ED - Bakker, Jaap ED - Frangopol, Dan M. ED - Van Breugel, Klaas T1 - On Risk-Based Design of Structures Exposed to Changing Climatic Actions T2 - Life-Cycle of Engineering Systems : Emphasis on Sustainable Civil Infrastructure ; The Fifth International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering (IALCCE 2016) 16-20 October 2016, Delft, The Netherlands Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-1-138-02847-0 SN - 978-1-315-37517-5 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ; Boca Raton ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Retief, Johan Verster A1 - Barnardo-Viljoen, Celeste A1 - van der Klashorst, Etienne A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris ED - Deodatis, George ED - Ellingwood, Bruce ED - Frangopol, Dan M. T1 - Extreme actions and climate change T2 - Safety, Reliability, Risk and Life-Cycle Performance of Structures and Infrastructures : proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Structural Safety and Reliability, New York, USA, 16-20 June 2013 Y1 - 2014 SN - 9780429227950 SP - 1543 EP - 1550 PB - CRC Press CY - London ER -