TY - CHAP A1 - Pietrzyk, Uwe A1 - Bauer, Dagmar A1 - Vieten, Andrea A1 - Bauer, Andreas A1 - Langen, Karl-Josef A1 - Zilles, Karl A1 - Palm, Christoph T1 - Creating consistent 3D multi-modality data sets from autoradiographic and histological images of the rat brain T2 - IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record N2 - Volumetric representations of autoradiographic and histological images gain ever more interest as a base to interpret data obtained with /spl mu/-imaging devices like microPET. Beyond supporting spatial orientation within rat brains especially autoradiographic images may serve as a base to quantitatively evaluate the complex uptake patterns of microPET studies with receptor ligands or tumor tracers. They may also serve for the development of rat brain atlases or data models, which can be explored during further image analysis or simulation studies. In all cases a consistent spatial representation of the rat brain, i.e. its anatomy and the corresponding quantitative uptake pattern, is required. This includes both, a restacking of the individual two-dimensional images and the exact registration of the respective volumes. We propose strategies how these volumes can be created in a consistent way and trying to limit the requirements on the circumstances during data acquisition, i.e. being independent from other sources like video imaging of the block face prior to cutting or high resolution micro-X-ray CT or micro MRI. KW - Neoplasms KW - Data models KW - Image analysis KW - Brain modeling KW - Analytical models KW - Anatomy KW - Data acquisition KW - High-resolution imaging KW - Image resolution KW - Computed tomography Y1 - 2004 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2004.1466754 VL - 6 SP - 4001 EP - 4003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Raths, Max A1 - Bauer, Lukas A1 - Kuettner, Andreas A1 - Fischer, Samuel A1 - Laumer, Tobias T1 - Gradual error detection technique for non-destructive assessment of density and tensile strength in fused filament fabrication processes JF - The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology N2 - Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is a widely used additive manufacturing process for producing functional components and prototypes. The FFF process involves depositing melted material layer-by-layer to build up 3D physical parts. The quality of the final product depends on several factors, including the component density and tensile strength, which are typically determined through destructive testing methods. X-ray microtomography (XCT) can be used to investigate the pore sizes and distribution. These approaches are time-consuming, costly, and wasteful, making it unsuitable for high-volume manufacturing. In this paper, a new method for non-destructive determination of component density and estimation of the tensile strength in FFF processes is proposed. This method involves the use of gradual error detection by sensors and convolutional neural networks. To validate this approach, a series of experiments has been conducted. Component density and tensile strength of the printed specimens with varying extrusion factor were measured using traditional destructive testing methods and XCT. The cumulative error detection method was used to predict the same properties without destroying the specimens. The predicted values were then compared with the measured values, and it was observed that the method accurately predicted the component density and tensile strength of the tested parts. This approach has several advantages over traditional destructive testing methods. The method is faster, cheaper, and more environmentally friendly since it does not require the destruction of the product. Moreover, it facilitates the testing of each individual part instead of assuming the same properties for components from one series. Additionally, it can provide real-time feedback on the quality of the product during the manufacturing process, allowing for adjustments to be made as needed. The advancement of this approach points toward a future trend in non-destructive testing methodologies, potentially revolutionizing quality assurance processes not only for consumer goods but various industries such as electronics or automotive industry. Moreover, its broader applications extend beyond FFF to encompass other additive manufacturing techniques such as selective laser sintering (SLS), or electron beam melting (EBM). A comparison between the old destructive testing methods and this innovative non-destructive approach underscores the possible fundamental change toward more efficient and sustainable manufacturing practices. This approach has the potential to significantly reduce the time and cost associated with traditional destructive testing methods while ensuring the quality of FFF-manufactured products. KW - Error detection KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Fused filament fabrication KW - Artificial neural network KW - Image processing KW - Porosity Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-024-13280-w SN - 1433-3015 SN - 0268-3768 N1 - Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. IS - 131 SP - 4149 EP - 4163 PB - Springer CY - London ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Sterner, Michael A1 - Bauer, Franz A1 - Hofrichter, Andreas A1 - Heberl, Michael T1 - Systemanalyse und -integration Power-to-X im Kontext von erneuerbarer Elektrizität als Primärenergie (SPIKE) N2 - Durch das in Paris beschlossene Ziel, die globale mittlere Temperatur auf deutlich unter 2 Grad Celsius gegenüber dem vorindustriellen Niveau zu begrenzen, ist ein Ausstieg aus der Nutzung fossiler Energieträger und Rohstoffe bis zum Jahr 2050 notwendig (WBGU 2016). Daher hat sich die Bundesregierung das Ziel gesetzt, bis zur Mitte des Jahrhunderts eine weitgehende Treibhausgasneutralität zu erreichen. Hierzu ist neben einer Steigerung der Energieeffizienz in allen Sektoren ein Ausbau erneuerbaren Energien notwendig. Dies beinhaltet hauptsächlich den Zubau von Wind‐ und Solarstromanlagen. Somit gewinnt die Sektorkopplung immer mehr an Bedeutung und wird in Zukunft eine tragende Rolle für die Defossilisierung des Energiesystems spielen (BMUB 2016). Als zentrales Element der Sektorkopplung gilt Strom, der über Power‐to‐X (PtX) sowohl energetisch im Wärme‐, und Verkehrssektor als auch stofflich in der Industrie und vor allem im Chemiesektor eingesetzt werden kann (Ausfelder et al. 2018a). Im Rahmen des P2X‐Vorhabens der Kopernikus Forschungsinitiative wird die Sektorkopplung durch die Umwandlung von Strom mittels elektrochemischer Prozesse in stoffliche Ressourcen wie Wasserstoff, Synthesegas oder Kohlenstoffmonoxid untersucht. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Betrachtung der Kopplung von Strom und Verkehr sowie Strom und Chemie und der Untersuchung von Prozessen und Pfaden, die aus ökologischer, ökonomischer und gesellschaftlicher Sicht vorteilhaft sind. Eine vergleichende Einordnung in den Gesamtkontext der Energiewende mit Abwägung zahlreicher Alternativen und Konkurrenztechnologien ist dort allerdings nicht vorgesehen. Zudem werden einige relevante PtX‐Technologien wie Power‐to‐Heat nicht betrachtet. Aus diesem Grund wurden in SPIKE ergänzende PtX‐Technologiepfade aus systemanalytischer Sicht untersucht. Dies sind Power‐to‐Heat (PtH) und Power‐to‐Gas (PtG) über Elektrolyse und optionaler anschließender Methanisierung sowie die Herstellung ausgewählter Pfade der strombasierten Herstellung von Produkten der energieintensiven Industrie. Ziel des Forschungsvorhabens war die Analyse von PtX‐Technologien und Pfaden, deren vergleichende Einordnung im Gesamtkontext der Energiewende sowie die Unterstützung des P2X Roadmapping Prozesses und die Ableitung von Handlungsempfehlungen. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt lag auf dem Einsatz von PtX im Industriesektor. Für das Vorhaben wurden Arbeitspakete (AP) erstellt, die Untersuchungen zu Technologie, Potenzial, Ökonomie und Ökologie von PtH (AP 1), PtG (AP 2), Power‐to‐Ammoniak, Power‐to‐Ethen und Power‐to‐Propen (AP 3) umfassten. Daraus wurde in AP 4 ein Systemvergleich mit Einordnung von PtX in die Energiewende durchgeführt. Auf dieser Basis und der Identifizierung regulatorischer Rahmenbedingungen für PtX (AP 5) wurde das deutsche Energiesystem samt PtX‐Pfaden in einem Energiesystemmodell abgebildet (AP 6). Die Ergebnisse flossen in das Roadmapping ein (AP 7). Zudem erfolgte ein Austausch mit den Projektpartnern und das Verfassen wissenschaftlicher Abhandlungen (AP 8). KW - Energieintensive Industrie KW - Energiesystemmodellierung KW - Power-to-Gas KW - Power-to-Heat KW - Ökobilanzierung Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sterner, Michael A1 - Bauer, Franz A1 - Hofrichter, Andreas ED - Ausfelder, Florian ED - Dura, Hanna Ewy T1 - Systemanalyse von Power-to-X-Pfaden - Ergebnisse des Satellitenprojektes "SPIKE" T2 - Optionen für ein nachhaltiges Energiesystem mit Power-to-X Technologien : Nachhaltigkeitseffekte - Potenziale Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten; 2. Roadmap des Kopernikus-Projektes "Power-to-X": Flexible Nutzung erneuerbarer Ressourcen (P2X) Y1 - 2019 UR - https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e01fn21/1770760199.pdf SN - 978-3-89746-218-2 SP - 145 EP - 153 PB - DECHEMA Gesellschaft für Chemische Technik und Biotechnologie e.V CY - Frankfurt am Main ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Selig, Tim A1 - Bauer, Patrick A1 - Frikel, Jürgen A1 - März, Thomas A1 - Storath, Martin A1 - Weinmann, Andreas ED - Palm, Christoph ED - Breininger, Katharina ED - Deserno, Thomas M. ED - Handels, Heinz ED - Maier, Andreas ED - Maier-Hein, Klaus H. ED - Tolxdorff, Thomas M. T1 - Two-stage Approach for Low-dose and Sparse-angle CT Reconstruction using Backprojection T2 - Bildverarbeitung für die Medizin 2025 (BVM 2025): Proceedings, German Conference on Medical Image Computing, Regensburg March 09-11, 2025 N2 - This paper presents a novel two-stage approach for computed tomography (CT) reconstruction, focusing on sparse-angle and low-dose setups to minimize radiation exposure while maintaining high image quality. Two-stage approaches consist of an initial reconstruction followed by a neural network for image refinement. In the initial reconstruction, we apply the backprojection (BP) instead of the traditional filtered backprojection (FBP). This enhances computational speed and offers potential advantages for more complex geometries, such as fan-beam and cone-beam CT. Additionally, BP addresses noise and artifacts in sparse-angle CT by leveraging its inherent noise-smoothing effect, which reduces streaking artifacts common in FBP reconstructions. For the second stage, we fine-tune the DRUNet proposed by Zhang et al. to further improve reconstruction quality. We call our method BP-DRUNet and evaluate its performance on a synthetically generated ellipsoid dataset alongside thewell-established LoDoPaBCT dataset. Our results show that BP-DRUNet produces competetive results in terms of PSNR and SSIM metrics compared to the FBP-based counterpart, FBPDRUNet, and delivers visually competitive results across all tested angular setups. Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-658-47421-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-47422-5_67 SP - 286 EP - 291 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - INPR A1 - Meisinger, Alexander A1 - Hofrichter, Andreas A1 - Bauer, Franz A1 - Sterner, Michael T1 - Unlocking Potential Energy Partnerships in Europe: a Case Study on the Way to a Franco-German Energy Transition N2 - Global warming is already causing global destabilization. Geopolitical challenges fuel this instability and highlight the need for trusted energy partnerships to ensure energy security. To limit global warming and increase energy security, it is essential to take joint action on an international and global scale. The European Green Deal contributes to this. However, specific national actions are still needed. This research presents a way forward for a Franco-German energy transition and unlocks the potential of energy partnerships within Europe, using a cost-based, sector-coupled optimization model. Both countries are coupled via an isolated country optimization approach. Thus, the focus is on the development of each national energy system. The results highlight the increase of energy security in line with the European Green Deal. The main pillars of the energy transition are solar energy (32- 33%), wind energy (25-38%) and biogenic energy sources (13-27%). Nuclear power is being phased out in Germany and France. The results show that a Franco-German energy partnership has great potential. Overall, France can cost-effectively cover 25% of Germany’s hydrogen import needs (122 TWh) in 2050. At the same time, France can also benefit from the energy partnership in terms of economic growth and joint action to mitigate climate crisis. KW - Decarbonization KW - Energy partnership KW - Energy system modelling KW - Energy transition KW - European Green Deal KW - Power-to-X Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5251699 PB - SSRN ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dehnhardt, Markus A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Vieten, Andrea A1 - Bauer, Andreas A1 - Pietrzyk, Uwe T1 - Quantifying the A1AR distribution in peritumoral zones around experimental F98 and C6 rat brain tumours JF - Journal of Neuro-Oncology N2 - Quantification of growth in experimental F98 and C6 rat brain tumours was performed on 51 rat brains, 17 of which have been further assessed by 3D tumour reconstruction. Brains were cryosliced and radio-labelled with a ligand of the peripheral type benzodiazepine-receptor (pBR), 3H-Pk11195 [(1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(1-methyl-propylene)-3-isoquinoline-carboxamide)] by receptor autoradiography. Manually segmented and automatically registered tumours have been 3D-reconstructed for volumetric comparison on the basis of 3H-Pk11195-based tumour recognition. Furthermore automatically computed areas of −300 μm inner (marginal) zone as well as 300 μm and 600 μm outer tumour space were quantified. These three different regions were transferred onto other adjacent slices that had been labelled by receptor autoradiography with the A1 Adenosine receptor (A1AR)-ligand 3H-CPFPX (3H-8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-fluorpropyl)-1-propylxanthine) for quantitative assessment of A1AR in the three different tumour zones. Hence, a method is described for quantifying various receptor protein systems in the tumour as well as in the marginal invasive zones around experimentally implanted rat brain tumours and their representation in the tumour microenvironment as well as in 3D space. Furthermore, a tool for automatically reading out radio-labelled rat brain slices from auto radiographic films was developed, reconstructed into a consistent 3D-tumour model and the zones around the tumour were visualized. A1AR expression was found to depend upon the tumour volume in C6 animals, but is independent on the time of tumour development. In F98 animals, a significant increase in A1AR receptor protein was found in the Peritumoural zone as a function of time of tumour development and tumour volume. KW - 3D reconstruction KW - A1 adenosine receptor KW - GBM KW - Kmeans algorithm KW - Brain tumour KW - Receptor autoradiography KW - Hirntumor KW - Dreidimensionale Bildverarbeitung KW - Adenosinrezeptor Y1 - 2007 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-007-9391-6 VL - 85 SP - 49 EP - 63 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Dehnhardt, Markus A1 - Vieten, Andrea A1 - Pietrzyk, Uwe A1 - Bauer, Andreas A1 - Zilles, Karl T1 - 3D rat brain tumors JF - Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology Y1 - 2005 VL - 371 IS - R103 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heberl, Michael A1 - Hofrichter, Andreas A1 - Rank, Daniel A1 - Bauer, Franz A1 - Sterner, Michael T1 - Influence of plant dimensioning and location on the ecology of PEM electrolysis JF - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy N2 - PV and wind systems with PEM electrolysis offer great potential for producing hydrogen with low emissions. Our research has identified the ecologically optimal size of PEM in relation to fixed PV/wind capacities. We calculate efficiencies and production volumes for PEM with 240 capacity and site variations. We analyse the global warming potential of all systems and draw conclusions about the optimal system design. The lowest GWP is achieved at the site with the highest full load hours with 1.32 kg CO2-eq/kg H2 (Wind, 28 MW electrolysis) and 4.24 kg CO2-eq/kg H2 (PV, 23 MW electrolysis). We have identified a clear trend: increasing PV/wind full load hours leads to higher ideal PEM capacities. However, there is a significant discrepancy between the ideal economic and ecological capacity. Furthermore, higher electrolysis capacities can achieve lower emissions as they increasingly operate at a more efficient partial load. KW - Electrolysis KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Global warming potential KW - Plant design KW - Renewable energy Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151039 SN - 0360-3199 VL - 167 PB - Elsevier ER -