TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, Stefanie T1 - Erleben von Zukunftsunsicherheit, Armutsrisiken und prekären Lebenslagen im Pflegeheim JF - Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie N2 - Die Situation von Menschen im Pflegeheim, die besonders dem Risiko der „pflegebedingten Verarmung“ ausgesetzt sind, ist in der Forschung wenig präsent. Der Beitrag befasst sich mit dem Erleben von Unsicherheiten, Armut und prekären Lebenslagen älterer Menschen im Heim. Grundlage liefern Daten einer ethnographischen Studie zum Älterwerden und zum Leben mit chronischen Erkrankungen. Anhand von Fällen wird ein Spektrum prekärer Lebenslagen skizziert. Deutlich wird u. a.: Menschen mit diversen soziobiografischen Hintergründen können im Zuge von Hilfebedürftigkeit und Heimübergängen von Unsicherheiten, Armut und prekären Lebenslagen betroffen sein. Nicht zu wissen, ob das verfügbare Geld genügt, um Kostensteigerungen bis zum Lebensende zu decken, kennzeichnet eine häufig erlebte Zukunftsunsicherheit; drohende Armut bzw. die Abhängigkeit von Sozialhilfe können pflege- und institutionell bedingte Verlusterfahrungen von Autonomie, Teilhabe und Lebensgestaltung verschärfen und den Gesamtzustand weiter destabilisieren. Das Erleiden bleibt weitgehend unsichtbar; strukturelle Probleme werden individualisiert. N2 - The living situation of people in nursing homes, with a specific vulnerability to care-related impoverishment, is underresearched. This article deals with experiences of uncertainty, poverty and a precarious life situation of care home residents in later life. The data basis is supplied by an ethnographic study of ageing and living with chronic health conditions. A range of precarious living situations are outlined on the basis of real cases. Insights gleaned include: people with diverse sociobiographical backgrounds can be affected by insecurity, poverty and precarious life situations as a result of becoming dependent on help and the transition to care homes. Not knowing whether available funds will suffice to cover rising costs until the end of life is a common form of uncertainty about the future. The threat of poverty or becoming dependent on state benefits can exacerbate experiences of loss associated with institutional care, losing autonomy, opportunities for participation, and options for shaping oneʼs life and can further destabilize the overall condition. This anguish remains largely invisible; structural problems are individualized. KW - Altern KW - Hilfsbedürftigkeit KW - Heimübergang KW - Armut KW - Autonomie KW - aging KW - need of care KW - home transition KW - poverty KW - autonomy Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-64350 N1 - Corresponding author: Stefanie Richter SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Springer ET - Online first ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kurfess, Christina A1 - Corsten, Sabine A1 - Nickel, Maren A1 - Knieriemen, Marie A1 - Kreiter, Daniel A1 - Lauer, Norina T1 - Peer-to-peer support: digital networking in aphasia to improve quality of life (PeerPAL) JF - Frontiers in Communication N2 - Background: People with aphasia (PWA) often suffer from reduced participation and quality of life. Nevertheless, there are currently only a few specific interventions that respond to this problem. Participation and quality of life could be increased by interacting with peers who have similar experiences. Digital social networks could stimulate an autonomous interaction. However, digital social networks need to be adapted to the specific needs of PWA. Therefore, a participatory, agile process involving the target group should be chosen to develop such a olution, i.e., an app. The research project consists of a total of three phases. In the first phase—app development—the app was developed and programmed including the target group. In the second phase—app testing—the usability and user-friendliness of the app were evaluated with four PWA. In the third phase—feasibility and preliminary effcacy—that will be described in the article, the impact of the app on PWA will be evaluated. Aims: The overarching aim of our study is to provide preliminary effcacy of the intervention. Digital social interaction with other PWA can lead to increased social integration. In addition to digital interaction, personal encounters between PWA should be encouraged. As a result, we expect an improvement in quality of life of PWA. Additionally, we focus on identification of the most appropriate measurements to discover changes associated with the intervention. Methods: The evaluation, which is described in this paper, takes place in a pre-test - post-test design with a total of n = 48 PWA. Participants will be recruited in regional clusters to facilitate face-to-face meetings. Half of the participants will be assigned to the delayed intervention group and the other half to the immediate intervention group. Participants in the delayed intervention group will go through a 3-month waiting period before using the app, while the participants of the immediate intervention group will start using the app for 3 months right away. Inclusion criteria are the presence of chronic aphasia (at least 6 months) and possession of a smartphone with internet access. Questionnaires on quality of life (SAQOL-39, GHQ-12), depression (GDS, DISCs), communicative participation (CPIB), and social support (F-SozU) will be conducted at inclusion (t0), after 3 months of app use (t1), and after another 3 months for follow-up (t2). Participants in the delayed intervention group will be assessed twice before the intervention, before the 3-month waiting period (t0a) and after the waiting period (t0b). In addition to the quantitative measures, interviews will take place with 6 to 8 selected participants after 3 months of app use. Responses will be analysed using Thematic Analysis. Discussion: The app will be the first social network tool that is systematically developed with PWA. Initial indications from the first phases are that the app can be used by PWA, so that the evaluation of this app version can take place in the third phase. Results of this study can provide an initial indication of whether social network support is a suitable intervention. Findings will help provide information on the feasibility of digital connectivity for PWA. Preliminary findings on its impact on the participation and quality of life of PWA could be made available. KW - Aphasie KW - Partizipation KW - Lebensqualität KW - Soziales Netzwerk KW - peer-to-peer support Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-64881 VL - 8 PB - Frontiers Media S.A. ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lehrer, Tobias A1 - Stocker, Philipp A1 - Duddeck, Fabian A1 - Wagner, Marcus T1 - Comparison of Low- vs. High-Dimensional Machine Learning Approaches for Sheet Metal Drawability Assessment T2 - Third International Conference on Computational Science and AI in Industry (CSAI 2023), Trondheim, Norway, 28-30 August 2023 N2 - Developing new deep-drawn sheet metal parts is a challenging task due to conflicting demands for low costs, durability, and crash properties. Ensuring manufacturability throughout geometrical changes adds to the complexity, leading engineers to rely on experience-driven iterative design changes that compromise requirements and lack reproducibility. Finite Element (FE) simulation models are employed to ensure manufacturability, albeit at the expense of high computational costs and delays in part development. To improve efficiency, a Machine learning (ML)-centered approach was proposed to ensure manufacturability. However, the limited availability of data raises uncertainty about whether a low- or high-dimensional ML approach is most suitable for drawability assessment. This work compares the accuracy of a low-dimensional, feature-based Linear Support Vector surrogate and an adapted high-dimensional PointNet model under different dataset sizes. The dataset is composed of parametrically generated, U-shaped structural sheet metal parts. We use a one-step simulation scheme and evaluate results with a Forming Limit Diagram (FLD) to label drawability. Results show the point of transition to be at about 500 training samples, from which onwards Deep learning is advantageous. Moreover, the generalizability of these models is tested on a second dataset with topologically similar components. This is to assess the potential for a geometrically more comprehensive evaluation. We discuss several influences on model performances and outline future potentials. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-64772 PB - International Centre for Numerical Methods in Engineering ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scharf, Anna A1 - Haug, Sonja A1 - Ritthaler, Markus A1 - Raptis, Georgios T1 - Chancen und Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung bei der Rehabilitation – Ergebnisse einer Befragung von Rehabilitationseinrichtungen JF - Die Rehabilitation: Zeitschrift für Praxis und Forschung in der Rehabilitation N2 - Ziel der Studie: Ziel der Studie ist die Messung des Stands der Digitalisierung und die mit einer Anbindung an die Telematikinfrastruktur verbundenen Chancen und Herausforderungen für Rehabilitationseinrichtungen. Methodik: Teilstandardisierte Online-Befragung bei Trägern von Rehabilitationseinrichtungen in Bayern (n=33). Der Fragebogen mit 36 Fragen beinhaltet eine leicht veränderte Skala auf Basis des „Electronic Medical Record Adoption Model (EMRAM)“. Ergebnisse: Der Digitalisierungsgrad wurde in 70 Prozent der Rehabilitationseinrichtungen mit Stufe 0 angegeben (Stufenmodell bis 7). Die Übermittlung patientenbezogener Daten (Eingang und Ausgang) erfolgt häufig analog, wohingegen die Verarbeitung innerhalb der Einrichtung in vielen Fällen bereits überwiegend digital ist. Beim Anschluss an die Telematikinfrastruktur wird hoher Aufwand bei der Installation, aber auch der Schulung des Personals und der Anpassung der Arbeitsorganisation gesehen. Schlussfolgerung: Durch Änderung der gesetzlich-finanziellen Lage in Deutschland eröffnen sich für Rehabilitationseinrichtungen neue Möglichkeiten einer verstärkten Digitalisierung. Hürden hängen mit Anforderungen an IT-Sicherheit, Schulung des Personals und sowie dem ebenfalls geringen Digitalisierungsstand bei Krankenhäusern und Ärzt*innen sowie Patient*innen zusammen, die eine digitale Datenübermittlung erschweren. T2 - Opportunities and Challenges of Digitalization in Rehabilitation: Results of a Survey of Rehabilitation Facilities KW - Patientenbezogene Daten KW - Digitalisierungsgrad KW - Telematikinfrastruktur KW - IT-Management Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-64726 N1 - Corresponding author: Sonja Haug VL - 62 IS - 5 SP - 299 EP - 307 PB - Thieme CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lehrer, Tobias A1 - Kaps, Arne A1 - Lepenies, Ingolf A1 - Duddeck, Fabian A1 - Wagner, Marcus T1 - 2S-ML: A simulation-based classification and regression approach for drawability assessment in deep drawing JF - International Journal of Material Forming N2 - New structural sheet metal parts are developed in an iterative, time-consuming manner. To improve the reproducibility and speed up the iterative drawability assessment, we propose a novel low-dimensional multi-fidelity inspired machine learning architecture. The approach utilizes the results of low-fidelity and high-fidelity finite element deep drawing simulation schemes. It hereby relies not only on parameters, but also on additional features to improve the generalization ability and applicability of the drawability assessment compared to classical approaches. Using the machine learning approach on a generated data set for a wide range of different cross-die drawing configurations, a classifier is trained to distinguish between drawable and non-drawable setups. Furthermore, two regression models, one for drawable and one for non-drawable designs are developed that rank designs by drawability. At instantaneous evaluation time, classification scores of high accuracy as well as regression scores of high quality for both regressors are achieved. The presented models can substitute low-fidelity finite element models due to their low evaluation times while at the same time, their predictive quality is close to high-fidelity models. This approach may enable fast and efficient assessments of designs in early development phases at the accuracy of a later design phase in the future. KW - One-step KW - Deep drawing KW - Drawability KW - Meta-modeling KW - Machine learning Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-64664 N1 - Corresponding author: Tobias Lehrer VL - 16 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dotter, Caroline A1 - Haug, Sonja A1 - Weber, Karsten A1 - Schnell, Rainer A1 - Scharf, Anna A1 - Altenburcher, Amelie T1 - Analyzing factors determining vaccination willingness against COVID-19 in Germany 2020 JF - Vaccine: X N2 - The study is based on a German single-topic population survey on vaccination willingness against COVID-19 (VWC) by the authors (2020, n = 2014). The single-topic survey allowed us to test several competing explanations for VWC, as discussed in the literature. The VWC in the sample was 67.3%. Logistic regression was used to identify factors affecting VWC. Being at high risk from COVID-19 and having received flu vaccination have a positive impact on VWC. Perceived VWC of friends has a strong positive effect on respondents’ VWC. Bivariate relationships of gender, age, and level of education with VWC were no longer significant in a multivariate analysis. Trust in alternative medicine and belief in conspiracy theories have a negative effect on VWC. KW - COVID-19 KW - Willingness to be vaccinated KW - Predictors of vaccination KW - Complementary alternative medicine KW - Educational level Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-62900 VL - 14 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - THES A1 - Marterer, Verena T1 - A Characterisation of Motives and Barriers to Taking up Academic Study in the Field of Electrical Engineering N2 - The problem description comes to the fore when the wide-ranging subject area of electrical engineering is combined and analyzed with different types of schools. It is becoming increasingly rare for elementary school children to come to grips with technology in the sense of recognizing functional interrelationships and understanding modes of action in the context of technical-practical confrontation. The picture at secondary schools is also rather sobering. Here, a strong focus on facts and knowledge and too little emphasis on modeling, application and problem solving lead to insufficient results in the cognitive area. In addition, a massive shortage of engineers and specialists with a technical and scientific orientation has been predicted for years and is being increasingly observed. The motivation of students in traditional lectures is decreasing and in general there is a decline of university students in technical subjects. These problems are not only known throughout Germany, but also internationally. Especially in developing countries, additional problems make technical education more difficult, regardless of the type of school. Therefore, this master thesis is evaluated in South Africa in order to consider as many influencing factors as possible. "Learning is experience. Everything else is simply information." - Methods and concepts developed in the thesis build upon this quote of Albert Einstein. Teaching methods are elaborated and applied for three different age groups and school types, depending on known influencing factors. The aim of this thesis is not to produce further findings in the sense of basic research, but to show ways in which the current situation can be steered in a different direction. It has been shown that technology lessons in elementary/secondary schools inspire interest in technical professions in the field of electrical engineering. Furthermore, the combination of frontal teaching, for a necessary theoretical background, together with student-active, action-oriented teaching shows advantages in terms of learning efficiency and an increase in performance levels for all three age groups. However, it could also be observed that factors such as social background, family influence and gender have partial effects on the promotion and education in the field of electrical engineering. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-62550 CY - Regensburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Görtler, Michael T1 - Bildung und Zeit im Kontext der Sozialen Arbeit : Theoretische Überlegungen zur Bedeutung von Zeit für Bildungsprozesse im Kontext der Sozialen Arbeit JF - Sozial Extra N2 - Die Bedeutung von Zeit für Bildungsprozesse im Kontext der Sozialen Arbeit ist bisher wenig erforscht. Um sich dieser Fragestellung anzunähern, werden in diesem Beitrag theoretische Überlegungen im Anschluss an Diskurse zu Bildung und Zeit in der Pädagogik angestellt. Dabei wird Zeit als ermöglichender, ökonomischer und politischer Faktor diskutiert, um die Perspektive der Sozialen Arbeit auf Bildungsprozesse zu erweitern. T2 - Education and Time in the Context of Social Work : Theoretical Considerations about the Importance of Time for Educational Processes KW - Bildung und Zeit im Kontext der Sozialen Arbeit KW - Zeit als ermöglichender, ökonomischer und politischer Faktor in Bildungsprozessen KW - Education and time in the context of social work KW - Time as an enabling, economic and political factor in educational processes Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-60988 N1 - Corresponding author: Michael Görtler VL - 47 IS - 1 SP - 46 EP - 49 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Köck, Hannah A1 - Striegl, Birgit A1 - Kraus, Annalena A1 - Zborilova, Magdalena A1 - Christiansen, Silke H. A1 - Schäfer, Nicole A1 - Grässel, Susanne A1 - Hornberger, Helga T1 - In Vitro Analysis of Human Cartilage Infiltrated by Hydrogels and Hydrogel-Encapsulated Chondrocytes JF - Bioengineering N2 - Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease causing loss of articular cartilage and structural damage in all joint tissues. Given the limited regenerative capacity of articular cartilage, methods to support the native structural properties of articular cartilage are highly anticipated. The aim of this study was to infiltrate zwitterionic monomer solutions into human OA-cartilage explants to replace lost proteoglycans. The study included polymerization and deposition of methacryloyloxyethyl-phosphorylcholine- and a novel sulfobetaine-methacrylate-based monomer solution within ex vivo human OA-cartilage explants and the encapsulation of isolated chondrocytes within hydrogels and the corresponding effects on chondrocyte viability. The results demonstrated that zwitterionic cartilage–hydrogel networks are formed by infiltration. In general, cytotoxic effects of the monomer solutions were observed, as was a time-dependent infiltration behavior into the tissue accompanied by increasing cell death and penetration depth. The successful deposition of zwitterionic hydrogels within OA cartilage identifies the infiltration method as a potential future therapeutic option for the repair/replacement of OA-cartilage extracellular suprastructure. Due to the toxic effects of the monomer solutions, the focus should be on sealing the OA-cartilage surface, instead of complete infiltration. An alternative treatment option for focal cartilage defects could be the usage of monomer solutions, especially the novel generated sulfobetaine-methacrylate-based monomer solution, as bionic for cell-based 3D bioprintable hydrogels. KW - osteoarthritis KW - human articular cartilage KW - chondrocytes KW - hydrogels KW - zwitterionic monomers KW - infiltration Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-61235 N1 - Corresponding author: Helga Hornberger VL - 10 SP - 1 EP - 21 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mikhaeil, Makram A1 - Nowak, Sebastian A1 - Palomba, Valeria A1 - Frazzica, Andrea A1 - Gaderer, Matthias A1 - Dawoud, Belal T1 - Experimental and analytical investigation of applying an asymmetric plate heat exchanger as an evaporator in a thermally driven adsorption appliance JF - Applied Thermal Engineering N2 - This communication presents an experimental and analytical study on the evaporation mechanism in a closed-structured asymmetric plate heat exchanger (PHE) employed as a stagnant water evaporator for the application in an adsorption heat transformation appliance. To this aim, an experimental unit is constructed, which comprises two identical PHEs, one acting as an vaporator/condenser and the second, as an adsorber/desorber. Two endoscopes are mounted inside the investigated evaporator to visualize the evaporation mechanism when performing adsorption-evaporation processes under different boundary conditions. It turned out that the evaporation mechanism is a partially covered, thin film evaporation. A heat transfer analysis is performed to evaluate the heat transfer coefficient of the thin film evaporation () inside the investigated evaporator, resulting in -values between 1330 and 160 [W∙m−2∙K−1] over the investigated adsorption-evaporation time. Correlating the obtained () to the film thickness and the wetted area results in -values between 0.34 and 0.78 [mm] and wetted to total area ratios of 0.78 to 0.16. Besides, an analytical model has been developed and introduced to correlate the overall evaporator heat transfer coefficient with the adsorption potential and the time rate of change of the water uptake. KW - Adsorption-evaporation KW - Evaporator KW - Plate heat exchanger KW - Thin film evaporation Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-61115 N1 - Corresponding author: Belal Dawoud IS - 228 PB - Elsevier ER -