TY - THES A1 - Stadler, Sebastian Rudolf Johann T1 - The integration of virtual reality into the design process T1 - Die Integration von virtueller Realität in den Designprozess N2 - Technological advances strive towards automation and digitalization with the aim to increase efficiency in terms of decreased costs and product development time, resulting in shorter product life cycles. As this causes industries to release products more frequently and more quickly, industrial designers face problems in developing more complex systems in a decreased amount of time while aiming to meet individualized user requirements and stakeholder demands. If prototypes are infeasible or unaffordable, a successful market implementation of products is jeopardized. As design history proves, the introduction of new technologies to the profession of design has the potential to revolutionize the way of working for industrial designers. Virtual Reality may be one of these revolutions, as Computer-Aid Design has been in the 1980s. The present dissertation investigates the integration of Virtual Reality and its impact on the design process, the respective design method, but also the designer and design as a profession. After defining industrial design and Virtual Reality, a basic framework is proposed that describes a design process consensus model, the transfer of conventional design methods into VR, as well as a preliminary set of criteria for evaluating design studies. Based on this framework, four research questions are defined that initiate the investigation of how Virtual Reality can impact the design process, design methods, the role of designers, and design as a profession. To allow this, a refined set of criteria for evaluating design studies is developed and a benchmark study is conducted that proves the suitability for using Virtual Reality in the chosen context. Subsequently, five design studies are conducted in the field of autonomous mobility for public transport in Singapore to investigate the previously defined questions. The five design methods that are combined with Virtual Reality are heuristic evaluation, surveys, Computer-Aided Design prototyping, usability testing, and product presentation. For each design study, the development of the VR apparatus as well as the data collection and test of the method is explained. Additionally, two conventional design methods are consulted for a subsequent comparative analysis of each VR methods. Beyond the definition of the refined evaluation criteria, consisting of safety, validity, time and cost, variability, interactivity, immersion, and effort, the suitability of using VR for behavioural observation in the present application domain is confirmed. Based on the present investigations, the Virtual Design Toolbox is presented. The toolbox consists of five method cards that explain the usage of Virtual Reality for industrial designers throughout the product development and function as support for successfully developing and applying design methods utilizing this technology. The case studies prove that the usage of Virtual Reality has the potential to impact the design process, as divergent thinking and convergent thinking is fostered through valid data collection, decreased time- and cost- involvement, and increased variability. The roles of the involved designers throughout all design studies shifted from being concept creators towards coordinators and facilitators. Implications are derived on different levels, starting with the technology of Virtual Reality that could be a future game changer for research and design, followed by increased motivation to participate in design studies, the need for interdisciplinary teams to establish the required expertise, and lastly integration of Virtual Reality in design education. The usage of Virtual Reality in design will not replace conventional design methods but has the potential to lead to a paradigm shift for the whole profession of design. N2 - Der technologische Fortschritt entwickelt sich in Richtung Automatisierung und Digitalisierung, was zu erhöhter Effizienz und damit zu verkürzten Produktentwicklungszeiten und verkürzten Produktlebenszyklen führt. Da dies die Industrie dazu veranlasst, Produkte häufiger und schneller zur Marktreife zu bringen, stehen Industriedesigner vor dem Problem, komplexere Systeme in kürzerer Zeit entwickeln zu müssen und gleichzeitig die individuellen Anforderungen der Nutzenden und anderer Stakeholder zu erfüllen. Wenn Prototypen nicht fertigbar oder nicht bezahlbar sind, ist eine erfolgreiche Markteinführung gefährdet. Wie die Designgeschichte beweist, hat die Implementierung neuartiger Technologien in den Beruf des Designers das Potenzial, die Arbeitsweise des Industriedesigners zu revolutionieren. In der vorliegenden Dissertation wird daher die Integration und die Auswirkung von Virtual Reality auf den Designprozess, Designmethoden, aber auch den Designer und das Design als Profession untersucht. Nach der Definition von Industriedesign und Virtual Reality wird ein grundlegendes Vorgehen vorgeschlagen, das ein Konsensmodell für den Designprozess, die Übertragung konventioneller Designmethoden in die VR sowie vorläufige Evaluierungskriterien zur Bewertung von Designstudien beschreibt. Basierend auf diesem Vorgehen werden vier Forschungsfragen definiert, die die Untersuchung einleiten, wie Virtual Reality den Designprozess, Designmethoden, die Rolle von Designern und Design als Profession beeinflussen kann. Um dies zu ermöglichen, wird mit Hilfe von Experteninterviews ein ausgearbeitetes Set von Evaluierungskriterien zur Bewertung von Designstudien entwickelt und eine Benchmark-Studie durchgeführt, die die Eignung für die Verwendung von Virtual Reality in der gewählten Applikationsdomäne belegt. Anschließend werden fünf Designstudien im Bereich autonomer Mobilität für den öffentlichen Verkehr in Singapur durchgeführt, um die zuvor definierten Forschungsfragen zu untersuchen. Die fünf Designmethoden, die mit Virtual Reality kombiniert werden, sind heuristische Evaluation, Umfragen, Computer-Aided-Design Prototyping, Usability-Tests und Produktpräsentation. Für jede Designstudie wird die Entwicklung des VR Apparats sowie die Datenerhebung und der Test der Methode erläutert. Zusätzlich werden zwei konventionelle Designmethoden für eine anschließende vergleichende Analyse herangezogen. Nach der Definition der verfeinerten Bewertungskriterien, bestehend aus Sicherheit, Validität, Zeit und Kosten, Variabilität, Interaktivität, Immersion und Aufwand, wird die Eignung der Verwendung von Virtual Reality zur Datenerhebung in der vorliegenden Anwendungsdomäne bestätigt. Basierend auf den vorliegenden Untersuchungen wird die Virtual Design Toolbox vorgestellt. Die Toolbox besteht aus fünf Methodenkarten, die den Einsatz von Virtual Reality für Industriedesigner während der Produktentwicklung erklären und als Unterstützung für die erfolgreiche Entwicklung und Anwendung von Designmethoden mit dieser Technologie dienen. Die Fallstudien belegen, dass der Einsatz von Virtual Reality das Potenzial hat, den Designprozess zu beeinflussen, da divergentes und konvergentes Denken durch valide Datenerhebung, verringerten Zeit- und Kostenaufwand und erhöhte Variabilität gefördert wird. Die Rollen der beteiligten Designer verschoben sich in allen Designstudien von der Rolle des Konzepterstellers hin zum Koordinator und Moderator. Implikationen werden auf verschiedenen Ebenen abgeleitet, beginnend mit der Technologie von Virtual Reality, die ein zukünftiger Game-Changer für Forschung und Design sein könnte, gefolgt von der gesteigerten Motivation, an Designstudien teilzunehmen, der Notwendigkeit interdisziplinärer Teams, um die erforderliche Expertise zu etablieren, und schließlich der Integration von Virtual Reality in die Designausbildung. Der Einsatz von Virtual Reality im Design wird herkömmliche Designmethoden nicht ersetzen, hat jedoch das Potenzial, zu einem Paradigmenwechsel für das gesamte Berufsfeld des Designs zu führen. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?https://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:91-diss-20211103-1612177-1-3 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356638451_The_Integration_of_Virtual_Reality_into_the_Design_Process UR - https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/?id=1612177 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Appelt, Andreas A1 - Fautz, Anna T1 - Optimierung Offenporiger Asphalte für Geh- und Radwegbereiche unter dem Aspekt der Schwammstadt N2 - Ansätze zur planerische und bautechnische Optimierungen von innerörtlichen Geh- und Radwegen mit Einsatz von Offenporigen Asphalten unter dem Aspekt der Schwammstadt Y1 - 2025 CY - Regensburg ER - TY - JOUR ED - Herrmann, Frank T1 - Production Scheduling and Planning in Manufacturing Systems T2 - Systems KW - planning hierarchy KW - lot-sizing KW - scheduling KW - machine learning, neuronal networks KW - (meta) heuristics Y1 - 2025 SN - 2079-8954 N1 - Die Ausgabe 'Production Scheduling and Planning in Manufacturing Systems' ist eine Spezialausgabe des Online-Journals 'Systems' mit Prof. Dr. Frank Herrmann als Gast-Editor. VL - 2025 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lehrer, Tobias A1 - Stocker, Philipp A1 - Duddeck, Fabian A1 - Wagner, Marcus T1 - Parametric CAD Models to Create an Infinite Number of Structural U-Shaped Sheet Metal Geometries [Data set] N2 - The U-Channel Software is a python package containing four parametric models of U-shaped Sheet metals. The parameters refer to geometric dimensions, angles, fillet radii. Using the models, one can generate an infinite number of U-shaped sheet metal geometries, e.g. as STEP files. The parametric models are inspired by real-world shapes. A feasibility check is provided to ensure plausiblity of the shapes. Further features of the code are creating images of the geometries and generating geometries and images in parallel. For more details, refer to the repository and associated publications. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.14191374 N1 - Repository URL: https://github.com/ToLe814/uchannel Programming language: Python Development Status: Active ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rauch, Johannes A1 - Brückl, Oliver A1 - Engel, Bernd ED - Schulz, Detlef, T1 - Optimal Reactive Power Planning by covering deficient voltage demands with additional reactive power sources using a sensitivity approach T2 - NEIS 2023 : Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems, Hamburg, September 4 – 5, 2023 N2 - The determination of the optimal location, types and size of additional required reactive power sources is a main interest of Reactive Power Planning (RPP) investigations and of this paper. The planning problem addresses the maintenance of voltage stability, which is an ancillary service in Germany, and can be formulated as a mixed-integer optimization prob-lem. The aim of this work is a techno-economically efficient coverage of the deficient steady state voltage deviation demands (VDD) by placing new reactive power sources with adequate size or extending the reactive power potential of existing sources. An optimization model is set up to solve the planning problem by using load flow voltage sensitivities, which quantify and evaluate the technical efficiency of new reactive power sources in relation to the present voltage deviation demands. Operating and investment costs are used as economic decision parameters. Within an application example, which is carried out with an exemplary transmission system, the solution of the planning problem is discussed. KW - reactive power planning KW - voltage control KW - optimal power flow KW - sensitivity analysis KW - system planning Y1 - 2023 UR - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10556672 SN - 978-3-8007-6134-0 SP - 223 EP - 230 PB - VDE Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hinterreiter, Marion A1 - Brückl, Oliver A1 - Rauch, Johannes ED - Technische Universität München, T1 - Challenges and Approaches for Long-Term Reactive Power Forecasting in Power Systems T2 - PESS 2025 – IEEE Power and Energy Student Summit, October 08 – 10, 2025 in Munich, Germany N2 - The transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources is driving profound changes across all voltage levels of the electrical grid, altering active power (P) as well as reactive power (Q) behavior. This transformation involves a shift from predominantly top-down, unidirectional electricity flows to bidirectional and increasingly complex flow patterns, fundamentally altering the operation and utilization of power systems. Many countries are already reporting notable changes in their transmission grid Q. This can lead to increased costs for grid expansion and compensation equipment, as well as grid losses. To minimize these losses and ensure grid stability and efficiency, understanding and forecasting Q long-term becomes essential. This paper addresses the challenges of long-term (1-20 years) Q forecasting in general by analyzing Q behavior in grids, the main influencing grid parameters, and reviewing existing forecasting approaches. It evaluates the applicability of these approaches and highlights current research gaps and trends. By focusing on this underexplored area, the paper aims to support the development of more advanced and reliable long-term Q forecasting techniques. KW - reactive power KW - forecasting KW - long-term KW - network models Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-8007-6656-7 SP - 109 EP - 114 PB - VDE Verlag ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hinterreiter, Marion A1 - Brückl, Oliver A1 - Rauch, Johannes ED - Schulz, Detlef T1 - Methodology for long-term reactive power forecasts of medium-voltage grids T2 - NEIS 2025 : Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems, Hamburg, September 15 – 16, 2025 N2 - Understanding and assessing the long-term behavior of reactive power is crucial for power system planning and invest-ment decisions. This is particularly growing relevant for the lower voltage-grid levels, which are gaining importance due to significant changes in grid behavior, operational strategies, energy generation and consumption patterns. Currently, standardized methodologies for forecasting reactive power in medium-voltage grids are lacking, creating a gap in research and practical applications. To optimize grid investments and expansions, informed decisions based on reliable research and accurate forecasts are essential. This paper presents a methodology for long-term reactive power forecasting in me-dium-voltage grids, introducing a new approach to account for low- and medium-voltage grid interactions while address-ing common challenges like limited available grid data and scenario framework definition. The aim of the forecast is the future reactive power behaviour of a medium-voltage-grid at the high-voltage side of the high-voltage to medium-voltage transformer. The medium-voltage-level is modelled using a grid model approach, while low-voltage grids are being mod-elled using generic distribution grids. A 209-bus medium-voltage-grid model is used as an application example and to provide two exemplary use cases for a reactive power forecast for 2045. KW - reactive power KW - forecasting KW - long-term KW - medium-voltage level KW - grid level interaction Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-8007-6633-8 SP - 218 EP - 223 PB - VDE Verlag ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stadler, Andreas A1 - Kraus, Hermann A1 - Brückl, Oliver ED - Technische Universität München, T1 - Proposing an Optimization Model for a techno-economic Evaluation of Energy Storage Systems T2 - PESS 2025 – IEEE Power and Energy Student Summit, October 08 – 10, 2025 in Munich, Germany N2 - During the global energy crisis in 2022, electricity prices increased drastically. This lead, together with an overall higher price volatility to possibly higher electrical energy storage system (ESS) profitability. To test if the investment in an ESS can now be more profitable, an approach for a techno-economic evaluation of ESS is presented in this paper, using an optimization algorithm to determine the optimal way of covering a load flow profile with electricity trading products on the electricity market with and without the use of an energy storage system. The cost differences between using or not using the storage system are assumed to be the profits of the ESS, which must exceed the (interest-bearing) investment costs over its lifetime. The correct way of operation of the optimization model is validated and several storage sizes and capacities as well as several years of the electricity market data was analyzed, once with a perfect forecast of all prices of the electricity trading products and once with a forecast based on the previous years purchasing strategy. The results show that, using the prognosis and a 2 % p.a. interest rate, only the storage combinations for 2.5 MWh/ 2.5 MW and 1 MWh/ 1 MW show profitability in 2023, whereas 2017 and 2020 show no profitability. KW - energy storage systems KW - techno economic evaluation KW - electricity trading KW - optimization KW - ess profitability Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-8007-6656-7 SP - 97 EP - 102 PB - VDE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Uhl, Julius A1 - Schamel, Marco A1 - Achhammer, Anton A1 - Sterner, Michael T1 - Sustainable Steel Production in the Desert: Economic and Technical Assessment of a Hydrogen-Powered Steel Plant in Mauritania T2 - 2025 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica, 28 September - 02 October 2025, Cairo N2 - The global steel industry is a major contributor to climate change and faces challenges in achieving a carbon-neutral production, hinging on the availability of cost-effective hydrogen produced by renewable energy. Mauritania, with its exceptional solar and wind resources, offers some of the most competitive conditions globally for hydrogen production. Instead of focusing on hydrogen exports, this study explores the technical feasibility and economic viability of establishing a renewable-powered steel plant in Mauritania, utilizing the country’s abundant iron ore reserves. The findings suggest that sustainably produced steel in Mauritania could be cost-competitive with current European prices. With ongoing declines in investment costs for emerging renewable technologies, Mauritania has the potential to become one of the world’s most cost-effective steel producers. KW - hydrogen KW - green steel KW - Mauritania KW - sustainable steel KW - hydrogen integration Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica65840.2025.11289120 PB - IEEE ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sittl, Christopher A1 - Marburg, Steffen A1 - Deckers, Elke A1 - Wagner, Marcus T1 - Model order reduction for unbounded second-order vibroacoustic systems using infinite elements and Dirichlet-to-Neumann map JF - Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering N2 - This work addresses the efficient numerical simulation of time-harmonic vibroacoustic problems in unbounded domains, with a focus on fluid-structure interaction. The underlying mathematical model is a second-order dynamical system arising from the coupling of structural and acoustic domains, incorporating material damping effects, relevant in structural acoustics and noise control applications. A central novelty of the proposed method is its unified computational framework that supports two distinct strategies for treating unbounded fluid domains: (1) non-local absorbing boundary conditions based on Dirichlet-to-Neumann map, and (2) infinite elements, which extend the computational domain rather than truncate it. Both approaches are integrated into a consistent formulation that enables flexible and accurate modeling of exterior wave propagation. To efficiently evaluate frequency-domain transfer functions, the method employs model order reduction using the Padé-via-Lanczos technique. While this algorithm typically targets first-order systems, the present approach uses a Schur complement strategy to reduce the second-order system in a way that maintains computational efficiency and storage requirements comparable to first-order formulations. Importantly, the framework seamlessly embeds both interior structural damping and the additional dissipation introduced by the acoustic-domain truncation into the model-order reduction process. The exterior acoustic field is represented via spherical harmonic expansions, with expansion coefficients computed from the reduced system. Numerical results demonstrate the method’s accuracy, efficiency, and scalability, making it well-suited for high-fidelity vibroacoustic analysis in unbounded domains. KW - Lanczos algorithm KW - Krylov-subspace projection KW - Dirichlet-to-Neumann map KW - Infinite elements KW - Padé approximation KW - Fluid-structure interaction KW - Acoustics KW - Spherical harmonics Y1 - 2026 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2026.118846 VL - 453 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Finckh, Wolfgang A1 - Kreutz, Johannes A1 - Eberth, Florian T1 - Brückenverstärkung mit geklebter Bewehrung N2 - Dieses Buch widmet sich der Verstärkung von Stahlbeton- und Spannbetonbrücken mit geklebter Bewehrung. Dazu werden zunächst die verschieden Verstärkungsgründe für Brücken sowie deren Beanspruchungsarten vorgestellt. Danach werden die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der geklebten Bewehrung vorgestellt und die rechnerischen Herausforderungen sowie der Lösungsmöglichkeiten erläutert. Im nächsten Kapitel wird vertieft auf die rechnerischen Besonderheiten von Spannbetonverstärkungen mit geklebter Bewehrung eingegangen. Da für die Verbundnachweise der geklebten Bewehrung im Brückenbau einen Betriebsfestigkeit notwendig ist, wird dieser zunächst am Stahlbetonbauteil erläutert. Danach werden die erforderlichen Ermüdungsnachweise für aufgeklebte und eingeklebte Bewehrung im Brückenbau behandelt. Abschließend wird noch ein Verfahren vorgestellt, wie spannungsrisskorrosionsgefährdete Bauteile verstärkt werden können. Die im Buch vorgestellten theoretischen Grundlagen werden anhand zahlreicher Abbildungen verdeutlicht. Zu jedem Thema sind zum besseren Verständnis umfangreiche Bemessungsbeispiele mit Praxisbezug enthalten. KW - Brückenverstärkung KW - CFK-Lamellen KW - Spannbetonverstärkung KW - eingeklebte Bewehrung KW - aufgeklebte Bewehrung Y1 - 2025 SN - 9783658492571 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-49258-8 PB - Springer Vieweg CY - Wiesbaden ER -