TY - CHAP A1 - Marterer, Verena A1 - Muhr, Franz-Xaver A1 - Soukup, Radek A1 - Hipp, Susanne A1 - Blecha, Tomáš T1 - Material Characterization Using Waveguide Measurement Technique for the Development of Textile Antennas T2 - 2025 19th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), Stockholm, Sweden, 3/30/2025 - 4/4/2025 N2 - Significant advances in using conductive textiles have been made over the past two decades, particularly in knitted fabrics. The aim is to deepen understanding of how knitted structures, especially those with hybrid yarns containing fine conductive elements (microwires), interact with electromagnetic fields. To establish simulation models that align with subsequent measurements, it is crucial to determine the dielectric properties, specifically relative permittivity and loss tangent/conductivity. This research investigates whether knitted structures with hybrid yarns exhibit anisotropic permittivity, meaning different dielectric properties along orthogonal axes within the fabric plane. These properties were measured using a waveguide technique’ whereby the structures were rotated by 90° to observe changes. The results demonstrate that the knitted structure exhibits metallic-like reflective behavior in one direction, while rotation leads to dielectric material characteristics. This effect is influenced by the number of conductive microwires and the materials used for these wires, such as silver-plated copper or bronze. KW - Anisotropic KW - Anisotropic magnetoresistance KW - conductive textiles, anisotropy, polarization KW - Dielectric loss measurement KW - Electromagnetic interaction KW - Electromagnetic waveguides KW - Fabrics KW - Hybrid yarns KW - Knitted structure KW - Permittivity KW - Permittivity measurement KW - Textile antennas KW - Wires KW - Yarn Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-88-31299-10-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.23919/EuCAP63536.2025.10999278 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - IEEE ER -