TY - JOUR A1 - Haug, Sonja A1 - Milewski, Nadja T1 - Women's Attitudes toward Assisted Reproductive Technologies - A Pilot Study among Migrant Minorities and Non-migrants in Germany JF - Comparative population studies N2 - This study examines attitudes toward assisted reproductive technologies (ART) among immigrant women and non-migrants in Germany. The social relevance of ART is increasing in Western countries due to overall low birth rates, a high rate of childlessness, and a gap between the desired and the actual numbers of children. Previous literature has been scarce, however, on attitudes toward ART, and immigrant minorities have rarely been included in studies on ART. Our working hypotheses are drawn from theoretical considerations on political socialisation and cultural integration. The analysis is based on data collected in a pilot study in 2014 and 2015. The sample includes 960 women aged 18 to 50 living in Germany. About 81 percent of the sample are immigrants who originate from Turkey, Poland, the Balkan countries, or countries of the (Russian) Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). We study the social norm to use ART to have a child, the personal attitude of whether a woman would use ART herself, and the methods that they would consider for their own use. Our results show that ART is overall socially acceptable, and the majority of women said that they would use it if necessary. There is significant variation between the origin groups, however. Non-migrants show the lowest acceptance rates and migrants from Poland and Turkey the highest approval. There is also variation in the ART procedures considered for use with the migrants more approving of heterologous methods than non-migrants. The differences between the origin groups diminish only partly when controlling for further explanatory variables, i.e. gender-role attitudes, religiosity, and socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. We conclude that attitudes toward ART are shaped less by socio-demographic characteristics, but rather by cultural factors and the socialization in the migrants' countries of origin. The diversity in attitudes toward ART by cultural background should be acknowledged in research and public discourses on ART as well as in regulating policies. KW - EUROPE KW - Family norms KW - Germany KW - IMMIGRANTS KW - Migrant women KW - RELIGIOSITY KW - TURKISH MIGRANTS KW - Women's social status Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.12765/CPoS-2019-06en VL - 43 SP - 343 EP - 370 PB - Bundesinstitut Bevölkerungsforschung (BIB) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mnich, Carina T1 - Is there Europeanization of physical activity promotion? BT - A neofunctional approach JF - Health policy N2 - Physical inactivity is a problem in Europe, contributing to various non-communicable diseases (NCDs). While health sciences offer data and models for preventing the development of NCDs through health promotion, they do not explain the dynamics between the different institutions and actors in the health field. Neofunctionalism refers to these different actors and suggests that their interaction leads to the construction of a supranational authority, allowing the actors to cooperate on common policies, rules and institutions, resulting in integration and Europeanization. Indeed, there are a variety of European Union (EU) institutions and policies concerned with physical activity (PA), however, the purpose of this paper is to analyze if Europeanization and integration are happening in PA promotion, through the lens of neofunctionalism. Analysis uses process tracing for investigating the emergence of PA on the EU agenda, the legal background, existing policies and institutions. Findings indicate that Europeanization and integration of PA promotion are happening, although the opportunity for actions of the EU are restricted to voluntary actions of the EU Member States due to the agreements in the Treaty of Lisbon. This only allows the EU institutions to apply soft law approaches on PA promotion, which seems to be implemented in some Member States despite its non-binding character. The findings are discussed and further implications for public health professionals and policies outlined. KW - EUROPE KW - European Union/organization & administration KW - Exercise KW - health policy KW - Health Promotion/organization & administration KW - Humans Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2019.01.004 VL - 123 IS - 3 SP - 317 EP - 326 PB - Elsevier ER -