TY - THES A1 - Schwanzer, Peter T1 - Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur On-Board Überwachung von Partikelfiltern für den Einsatz an direkteinspritzenden Benzinmotoren N2 - This thesis deals with the development of a methodology for an improved on-board diagnosis of particulate filters in vehicles with gasoline direct injection (GDI) technology with regard to future emission legislations. In order to comply with statutory particle number limits, particulate filters are used in the exhaust gas aftertreatment for GDI-engines. The currently applied method for diagnostic purposes, a differential pressure sensor, will not be suitable for future legislations. Therefore, an on-board strategy with real-time ability shall be developed. To achieve this, the application of novel sensor concepts has been investigated, namely electrostatic soot sensors (ePM sensor) and radio frequency antennas (RF sensor). Due to the results of the ePM-sensors, no methodology for an on-board diagnosis based on an ePM sensor concept was made. The RF sensor showed varying sensitivities for different soot and different quantities of volatile components in the filter element. The analysis of the oxidation processes showed that the regeneration of the filter element is detected by the RF sensor. Furthermore, the stored amount of ash could be captured. Due to these findings, a concept for an improved on-board diagnosis strategy by means of an RF sensor concept was developed. In the course of the work it turned out that a combined sensor concept consisting of a differential pressure sensor and a RF sensor is most suitable. In a validation process, this sensor concept showed sufficient results concerning the detection capability of soot and ash loads as well as of the degree of damage of particulate filters. Especially for small amounts of ash, this sensor concept showed specific advantage. Also, the determination of the current amount of soot in the filter element proved to be suitable. Regarding the detection of damages, the sensor concept convinces through a higher sensitivity. KW - GDI KW - GPF KW - On-Board-Monitoring Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-8439-5101-2 PB - Verlag Dr. Hut CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwanzer, Peter A1 - Schillinger, Maximilian A1 - Mieslinger, Johann A1 - Walter, Stefanie A1 - Hagen, Gunter A1 - Maerkl, Susanne A1 - Haft, Gerhard A1 - Dietrich, Markus A1 - Moos, Ralf A1 - Gaderer, Matthias A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter T1 - A Synthetic Ash-Loading Method for Gasoline Particulate Filters with Active Oil Injection JF - SAR International Journal of Engines N2 - To reduce particulate emissions, the use of particulate filters in diesel engines is meanwhile state of the art, while the integration of such systems in gasoline engines is now also necessary in order to comply with today's regulations. Over its lifetime, a gasoline particulate filter (GPF) collects ash components of fuel, lubrication oil, and materials originating from the catalytic coating and from engine abrasion. In the development and application process, synthetic ashing from GPFs is challenging. The ash of the lubrication oil can be increased in various ways, like oil-doped fuel, a separate oil burner, or changes in the piston-cylinder system of the engine. However, these methods show major disadvantages. For this reason, an improved approach is presented in this study, which allows a quick response to changes in combustion (e.g., engine knocking) and producing ash, which is more realistic due to its primary particle size and the density of ash plugs, in a shorter time. Therefore, an approach to accelerate ash loading by active oil injection using a multi-point injection (MPI) system is introduced. With the help of this methodology, an ashing capacity of 1.21 g/h is implemented, which is a high rate compared to other investigations. The primary particle size (evaluated by means of a transmission electron microscope), is in the same size range as those detected at the full-load curve during regular operation. A computer tomographic (CT) analysis of the incinerated particulate filter also shows that a very high density of ash plugs can be realized, which has also been found in the literature for real applications. In addition, with the help of a mass spectrometer (MS) and an intermediate weighing of the particulate filter, the current ash loading of the GPF could be determined with an accuracy of 1%. KW - Ash KW - GDI KW - GPF KW - Particle Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4271/03-14-04-0029 SN - 1946-3936 SN - 1946-3944 VL - 14 IS - 4 SP - 493 EP - 506 PB - SAE International ER -