TY - GEN A1 - Pöhlmann, Kendra T1 - Similarities and Differences of Research-based and Corporate Spin-offs: Theoretical Thoughts, Research Design and Expected Implications N2 - This presentation explores the similarities and differences between research-based spin-offs and corporate spin-offs, addressing a key gap in the entrepreneurship and innovation literature. While both types of ventures aim at commercializing knowledge and generating economic value, they emerge from distinct institutional contexts and may therefore rely on different success factors. Building on existing research on research-based spin-offs, the study develops a comparative conceptual framework that integrates perspectives from the resource-based view and industrial economics. It examines dimensions such as founder characteristics, motivation structures, knowledge bases, and relationships with parent organizations. The proposed research design aims to systematically contrast both spin-off types and assess the transferability of established success factors. The paper contributes to a more differentiated understanding of spin-off heterogeneity and derives implications for improving commercialization processes in both academic and corporate contexts. KW - Spin-offs; Knowledge Transfer; Commercialization Process Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-90198 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zürner, Christian ED - Dickel, Hans ED - Bubmann, Peter T1 - Popmusik als Medium von Erinnerungskultur T2 - Ästhetische Bildung in der Erinnerungskultur. - (Ästhetik und Bildung ; 8) Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-8376-2816-6 SP - 133 EP - 147 PB - transcript CY - Bielefeld ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schöpf, Nicolas ED - Engel, Nicolas ED - Sausele-Bayer, Ines T1 - Lernen in Mikroorganisationen : Berufspädagogische Anmerkungen zu einem offenen Forschungsfeld T2 - Organisation : ein pädagogischer Grundbegriff (Erlanger Beiträge zur Pädagogik; 15) Y1 - 2014 UR - https://content.e-bookshelf.de/media/reading/L-2916742-3d390c5ca0.pdf SN - 978-3-8309-3060-0 SP - 185 EP - 200 PB - Waxmann CY - Münster; New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schwägerl, Felix A1 - Uhrig, Sabrina A1 - Westfechtel, Bernhard T1 - A Graph-based Algorithm for Three-way Merging of Ordered Collections in EMF Models T2 - Science of Computer Programming N2 - In EMF models, ordered collections appear as the values of multi-valued structural features. Traditional, text-based version control systems do not sufficiently support three-way merging of ordered collections inside EMF models since they cannot guarantee a consistent result. The operation three-way merging is defined as follows: based on a common base version b, two alternative versions and were developed by copying and modifying the base version. To reconcile these changes, a merged version m is to be created as a common successor of and . In this paper, we present a graph algorithm to solve the problem of three-way merging of ordered collections in EMF models. Each version of a collection can be represented by means of a linearly ordered graph. To create the merged version, these graphs are combined to a merged collection graph using set formula. To create the merged collection, a generalized topological sort is performed on the merged collection graph. Conflicts occur in case the order of elements cannot be deduced automatically; these conflicts are resolved either interactively or by default rules. We have implemented the merge algorithm in our tool BTMerge, which performs a consistency-preserving three-way merge of versions of EMF models being instances of arbitrary Ecore models. Our implementation relies on an alternative form of representing multiple versions of a collection, namely a versioned collection graph which forms a superimposition of collection versions. The algorithm presented here is purely state-based. Matching and merging of collections are clearly separated sub-problems. Insertions and deletions performed on the elements of the collection are propagated into the merged version in a consistent way. Our algorithm makes only minimal assumptions with regard to the underlying product model and thus may be applied to ordered collections inside plain text or XML files. By taking arbitrary move operations into account, the algorithm considerably goes beyond the functionality of contemporary merge tools which cannot adequately handle move operations. KW - EMF Models KW - Model Merging KW - Graph Algorithms Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2015.02.008 VL - 113 IS - Part 1 SP - 51 EP - 81 ER - TY - THES A1 - Fleischmann, Florian T1 - Ein Beitrag zur Bestimmung der Rheologischen Eigenschaften Selbstverdichtender Betone mit dem Kugel-Messsystem N2 - Zur Erfassung der rheologischen Eigenschaften Selbstverdichtender Betone (SVB) existieren unterschiedlichste Betonrheometer und Messsysteme. Aufgrund der besonderen Eigenschaften Selbstverdichtender Betone ist die Erfassung deutlich schwieriger als bei Flüssigkeiten und feinkörnigen Suspensionen. Vor allem die Zusammensetzung unterschiedlicher Ausgangsstoffe, die verwendete grobe Gesteinskörnung sowie die ablaufende Hydratation und die dabei entstehenden Wechselwirkungskräfte erschweren die Bestimmung der rheologischen Eigenschaften. Ferner haben diese Eigenheiten zur Folge, dass die geforderten Randbedingungen der klassischen Rheologie nicht mehr eingehalten sind und eine genormte Darstellung der Ergebnisse nicht möglich ist. Bei den existierenden Betonrheometern handelt es sich daher meist um Relativ-Messsysteme, die an die Rheometer der klassischen Rheologie angepasst sind. Eine exakte Bestimmung der rheologischen Eigenschaften Selbstverdichtender Betone ist daher schwierig. Ein Kennzeichen vieler Betonrheometer ist zudem die hohe Schergeschwindigkeit und die permanente Scherung der Probe. Diese Scherbelastung entspricht aber in den meisten Fällen nicht dem tatsächlichen Fließverhalten Selbstverdichtender Betone. Aufgrund dieser Sachlage hat sich diese Arbeit ergeben. Ziel war die Entwicklung eines Betonrheometers, das die speziellen Eigenschaften des SVB berücksichtigt und die tatsächlichen Fließbedingungen simuliert. Als Ausgangspunkt diente die exzentrisch rotierende Kugel (Kugel-Messsystem), die bereits für rheologische Untersuchungen von Leimen und Mörtel erfolgreich eingesetzt wird. Eine Kugel bewegt sich dabei auf einer Kreisbahn durch den Leim oder den Mörtel und erfasst das Widerstandsmoment bei definierter Geschwindigkeit. Rheometer auf der Grundlage des Kugel-Messsystems ermöglichen die Ermittlung von mehreren Fließparametern in frischen, ungestörten Zementleimen oder Selbstverdichtenden Mörtel. Durch geeignete Wahl des Messprofils können mit diesem Messsystem in kurzer Zeit genaue Informationen über das Fließverhalten ermittelt werden. In den hier beschriebenen Studien wurde das Kugel-Messsystem für Selbstverdichtende Betone adaptiert und an seine speziellen Randbedingungen angepasst. Bei der Messung kamen zwei grundlegende Messprofile zum Einsatz: Beim ersten Messprofil wurde ein Rampenprofil mit zu- und abnehmender Geschwindigkeit vorgegeben und die dazugehörigen Messwerte als Fließkurve dargestellt. Beim zweiten Messprofil wurde eine konstante Geschwindigkeit vorgegeben und die dabei ermittelte Schubspannung über den Messzeitraum bzw. über den zurückgelegten Weg der Kugel abgebildet. Als Resultat konnten die Fließgrenze und die Viskosität ausgewertet werden. Mit unterschiedlichen Messprofilen und den damit verbundenen unterschiedlichen Auswertungen wurden unterschiedlich definierte Fließgrenzen ermittelt und einander gegenübergestellt. Um den Zusammenhang mit dem Setzfließmaß und der Trichterauslaufzeit darzulegen, wurde das modifizierte Kugel-Messsystem anhand mehrerer SVBRezepturen verifiziert. Für die Bewertung des Fließverhaltens wurde jeder Abschnitt der Messkurven betrachtet und diskutiert. Um die Ergebnisse einordnen und mit anderen Rheometern vergleichen zu können, wurden aus den gemessenen Werten die rheologisch genormten Einheiten berechnet. Neben der Berechnung dieser genormten Einheiten, die in dieser V Arbeit kontrovers diskutiert wird, wurde auch das Strömungsverhalten der Kugel beim Durchfahren des Betons beobachtet und beschrieben. Ein weiterer wesentlicher Aspekt war die Betrachtung der Geschwindigkeit, mit der die Kugel durch den Beton fährt. Diese Geschwindigkeit hat einen beträchtlichen Einfluss auf die Ergebnisse der Messung. Bei zu geringer Geschwindigkeit konnte weder eine Fließkurve noch der Verlauf der Schubspannung bei konstanter Geschwindigkeit erzeugt werden. Bei zu hoher Geschwindigkeit war dagegen, zu Beginn der Messung eine zusätzliche Widerstandskraft infolge der hohen Beschleunigung der Kugel zu verzeichnen. Neben der Geschwindigkeit war auch der Strukturaufbau nach einer Ruhezeit von Bedeutung. Beobachtet wurde das Verhalten nach einer, drei, fünf, zehn und 20 Minuten. Es konnte beobachtet werden, dass es infolge der Hydratation und unterschiedlicher Wechselwirkungskräfte zu einem Strukturaufbau kommt, der sich deutlich auf die gemessenen Fließgrenzen (insbesondere die Statische Fließgrenze) und die Viskosität auswirkt. Die Reproduzierbarkeit der Ergebnisse wurde anhand unterschiedlicher Betonrezepturen und Wiederholungsversuchen gezeigt. Ein besonderes Augenmerk lag dabei in der Betrachtung eines variierenden Wassergehalts bei gleichbleibender Rezeptur. Mit dem modifizierten Kugel-Messsystem war es möglich, bereits geringe Wassergehaltsschwankungen (3 bis 5 l/m³) verlässlich zu erfassen. Das Messgerät wurde schließlich mit der Vane-Zelle und dem Platte/Platte-Messsystem verglichen. Ein direkter Vergleich der Messwerte war jedoch schwierig, da den drei Geräten unterschiedliche Messsysteme zugrunde liegen. Auch die Umrechnung der Messwerte in genormte rheologische Einheiten ist von Messgerät zu Messgerät unterschiedlich und die Ergebnisse somit nicht identisch. Ein Vergleich war aus diesem Grund nur qualitativ möglich. In dieser Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass es möglich ist, mit einem Messgerät auf Grundlage der exzentrisch rotierenden Kugel, die rheologischen Eigenschaften Selbstverdichtender Betone zu bewerten. Dabei wurden die Bedingungen einer langsamen Schergeschwindigkeit und der Messung in frischem Beton eingehalten. Y1 - 2014 UR - https://www.baustoffe.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/bs/mam/content/dissertation_florian_fleischmann.pdf CY - Bochum ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Lienland, Bernhard T1 - Project Portfolio Selection in the Automotive Supplier Industry Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:355-epub-296849 CY - Regensburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, Stefanie T1 - Spezielle Versorgung für Menschen mit Demenz JF - NTC Impulse N2 - Wenn sich die Familie nicht rund um die Uhr kümmern kann, ist eine Tagespflege außer Haus für Demenzerkrankte eine gute Option. Die Memo Clinic® in Stralsund bietet eine teilstationäre Betreuung, die auch Ärzte und Therapeuten einbindet – ein Modell, das bundesweit Schule macht. Wie die integrierte Versorgung bei Demenz in der Praxis aussieht, erläutert Dr. Stefanie Richter Y1 - 2014 UR - https://neurotransconcept.com/download/impulse/ntcimpulse_2014_3.pdf VL - 4 IS - 3 SP - 15 EP - 16 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Müller, Stefan A1 - Danner, Christian A1 - Breidbach, Jörg A1 - Seidl, Markus A1 - Hußlein, Thomas A1 - Lauf, Wolfgang T1 - Stochastic Modeling of Throughput Times of Supplier Parts for an Automotive Plant T2 - Angewandte Forschung in der Wirtschaftsinformatik - Prozesse, Technologie, Anwendungen, Systeme und Management 2014: Tagungsband zur 27. AKWI-Jahrestagung vom 07. bis zum 10.09.2014 an der Oberbayerischen Technischen Hochschule Regensburg N2 - For modern production industries optimized supply of parts is a critical success factor. Especially in the automotive industry, the reliable supply of painted bodies for the fi nal assembly is essential for OEMs considering just in time or just in sequence processes. Additionally one central cost target is the avoidance of resorting for JIT/JIS processes. An essential workfl ow analysis is therefore the basis for making strategic or operational decisions such as the adjustment of the plant structure or increasing the number of products and variants manufactured simultaneously. In order to support strategic planning using simulation and planning systems, the modeling of the production process is required. This is particularly important for scheduling as no real manufacturing data is available and therefore prognosis based on the model are essential. Due to the short time and the limited human resources for a detailed modeling, it is essential to create a robust model with good accuracy and reduced complexity Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-936527-38-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.15771/978-3-936527-38-4 SP - 35 EP - 43 S PB - News & Media ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Chow, Rosan ED - Mareis, Claudia ED - Joost, Gesche ED - Kimpel, Kora T1 - What Should be done with the Different Versions of Research Through Design T2 - Entwerfen - Wissen - Produzieren: Designforschung im Anwendungskontext Y1 - 2014 SN - 9783839414637 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/transcript.9783839414637 SP - 145 EP - 158 PB - transcript Verlag ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kellner, Florian A1 - Otto, Andreas A1 - Lienland, Bernhard T1 - Cost Assignment Paradox: Indirect Tooling Costs and Production Orders T2 - Advances in Management Accounting N2 - Purpose Tooling is a common component of an industrial product’s manufacture. Specific tooling is devised to serve the fabrication of a particular product, while generic tooling can be used in the manufacture of multiple products. In the latter case, companies are confronted with the problem of fairly allocating the indirect costs of the tooling. This article studies how to allocate costs of generic tooling to single production orders. Methodology Ten allocation methods (AMs) are described that are in principle suited to the distribution of generic tooling costs to production orders. Since the presented methods have for the most part been discussed in differing contexts, we apply them to a specified generic tooling problem for comparison. Evaluation of the various methods is based on 16 criteria. Reasoning is supported by a computational Monte Carlo simulation. Furthermore, we suggest using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to elaborate one final proposition concerning the most preferable allocation scheme. Findings The article reports the single allocation rules’ performances for different allocation scenarios. The described characteristics refer to fairness, efficiency, and simplicity as well as to empty-core performance. Using AHP analysis allows for the aggregation of the rules’ criteria ratings. Thus, especially suitable allocation schemes for the problem at hand are identified. Practical implications An allocation is required for budgeting reasons and also for the definition of projects’ bottom-up sales prices. Selecting the “right” AM is important, as a suboptimal AM can result in unfair allocation vectors, which will act as incentives to stop using the common resource, potentially leading to higher total costs. Originality/value of the article Research on the comparison of AMs is typically performed for certain purposes, such as enterprise networks, horizontal cooperative purchasing scenarios, or municipal service units. This article will augment the research evaluating AMs by introducing a novel set of evaluation criteria and by providing an in-depth comparison of AMs suited for the allocation of generic tooling costs. KW - Tooling KW - Cost allocation KW - Indirect cost KW - Overhead cost KW - Joint cost KW - Fairness criteria Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/S1474-787120140000023007 VL - 23 SP - 211 EP - 251 PB - Emerald ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Görtler, Michael T1 - Was ist politische Bildung? JF - Praxis Gemeindepädagogik KW - Didaktik KW - Geschichte (Histor) KW - Konzept KW - Politische Bildung KW - Theorie Y1 - 2014 SN - 1860-6946 VL - 67 IS - 1 SP - 11 EP - 14 PB - Evangelische Verlagsanstalt CY - Leipzig ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav A1 - Holický, Milan A1 - Jung, Karel A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris ED - Akiyama, Mitsuyoshi ED - Furuta, Hitoshi ED - Frangopol, Dan M. T1 - Target reliability levels for assessment of existing structures considering economic and societal aspects T2 - Life-Cycle of Structural Systems N2 - Specification of the target reliability levels is one of the key issues of the assessment of existing structures. ISO 13822:2010 and ISO 2394:1998 indicate procedures for deriving the target reliability levels by optimisation of the total cost related to an assumed remaining working life of a structure. In the submitted study this approach is applied to estimate the target reliability levels of an existing structural member in conjunction with the human safety criteria. Obtained results are critically compared with the recommendations given in present standards. It appears that the requirement on the same target reliability levels for existing structures as for new structures is uneconomical. Further, the cost optimisation seems to yield rather low reliability levels and human safety criteria become commonly decisive for specification of the target reliabilities of existing structures. Y1 - 2014 SN - 9780429227196 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1201/b17618-121 SP - 838 EP - 845 PB - CRC Press CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cheong, Kuan Yew A1 - Aw, Kean A1 - Karimov, Khasan S. A1 - Zhao, Feng A1 - Mahroof-Tahir, Mohammad A1 - Schreiner, Rupert T1 - Advances in Smart Materials and Applications JF - Advances in Materials Science and Engineering N2 - This is one of a series of special issues published in Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, focusing on the latest advances of smart materials and their applications. Evolution of engineering materials is strongly depending on the growing transformation of complexity in engineering products. New materials being designed are required to provide specific properties and demonstrate certain functional characteristics by manipulating their dimension, chemistry, and structure through various advanced technologies. Therefore, “smartness” of a material has become the topic of interest. Properties of smart materials may change accordingly to the applied external stimuli. Under the direction of the editorial team, we showcase advances of organic and inorganic based smart materials and their applications in areas of specific interest such as energy, environment, and health. A total of 9 articles are published in this special issue. Six articles are focused on production, synthesis, and optimization of smart materials; and the remaining are dedicated to application of smart materials. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/517342 PB - Hindawi ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Frikel, Jürgen A1 - Quinto, Eric Todd ED - Burger, Martin ED - Quinto, Eric Todd ED - Louis, Alfred K. T1 - Artifacts in limited view tomography T2 - Oberwolfach Reports Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4171/OWR/2014/37 VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 2047 EP - 2114 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Degueldre, Dennis A1 - Waas, Thomas A1 - Kucera, Markus T1 - Electromagnetic Emission of an Optical-to-BroadR-Reach Converter T2 - Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Pervasive and Embedded Computing and Communication Systems (PECCS), 2014, Lisbon, Portugal N2 - The automotive solution for Ethernet is BroadR-Reach, which cannot be found as a common Ethernet-interface in the consumer industry. Hence a media converter from IEEE 802.3 Ethernet to BroadR-Reach is needed to debug and test the communication of automotive devices under test (DUT). If the functionality of a BroadR-Reach connection has to be tested for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), a BroadR-Reach to optical media converter is needed, which has to comply to the same EMC test specifications as the DUT. This research explains the internal structure of a media converter and defines a test setup for copper bound emission test of BroadR-Reach. By using a standardized stripline measurement like it is common for electromagnetic emission test, it could be shown, that the tested Technica/Tinytron media converter can safely be used inside an EMC chamber. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-989-758-000-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5220/0004711401310135 SN - 2184-2817 SP - 131 EP - 135 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heese, Carl T1 - Der Blick auf das Soziale Umfeld der Rehabilitation JF - Familien-Prisma. Zeitschrift des Zentrums für Familienfragen KW - Rehabilitation Y1 - 2014 UR - https://www.ku.de/fileadmin/190803/Familien-Prisma_2014.pdf VL - 6 SP - 28 EP - 29 PB - Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt CY - Eichstätt ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Heese, Carl ED - Mührel, Eric ED - Birgmeier, Bernd T1 - Bildung im Alter als Lebens-Kritik: Die Aktualität Franz Pöggelers für die Geragogik T2 - Perspektiven sozialpädagogischer Forschung N2 - Die Bildung alter Menschen hat Franz Pöggeler vor einem halben Jahrhundert als noch ungelöste Aufgabe erkannt und in einer umfassenden Weise anthropologisch begründet. Seine Konzeption einer ‚abschließenden Bildung‘ für die letzten Lebensphasen ist spirituell, aber nicht konfessionell geprägt, methodisch-didaktisch setzt sie entschieden auf Informalität. Im Vergleich zum Zeitpunkt der Entstehung dieses Entwurfs sind heute auch Ältere reguläre Adressaten der Bildungsarbeit geworden, im Rahmen des Lebenslangen Lernens werden sie aber anders als bei Pöggeler eher nach dem Muster einer ‚vorbereitenden Bildung‘ angesprochen. Spezifische Bildungsbedürfnisse des Alters werden dabei nicht ausreichend berücksichtigt. Mit der Begründung einer empirischen Weisheitstheorie und der Öffnung der Gerontologie für spirituelle Fragen zeigt sich inzwischen der Ansatz Pöggelers in einer hohen Aktualität. Auch seine methodisch-didaktische Leitvorstellung kann in den aktuellen Entwicklungen der Erinnerungsarbeit wiederentdeckt werden. Sie erfährt hier aber auch eine Fortentwicklung unter Berücksichtigung der Erkenntnisse zum lebensgeschichtlichen Reminiszieren. KW - Geragogik Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-658-01889-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-01889-4_17 SP - 293 EP - 302 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ET - 1. Aufl. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heese, Carl A1 - Thaler, Tilman T1 - Einschätzungen Studierender der Sozialen Arbeit zu sozialen Problemen JF - Theorie und Praxis der Sozialen Arbeit KW - Soziale Arbeit KW - Profession Y1 - 2014 UR - https://content-select.com/de/portal/media/view/53f3287a-e564-46a3-9b4d-2785b0dd2d03 SN - 0342-2275 VL - 65 IS - 4 SP - 267 EP - 276 PB - Beltz Juventa ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Knödler, Christoph A1 - Krodel, Thomas T1 - Antragstellung und Widerspruchsverfahren in der Sozialen Arbeit BT - Erläuterungen, Mustertexte und Checklisten für Ausbildung und Praxis Y1 - 2014 UR - https://www.walhalla-online.de/wob/eba/0a31f7d9ba34481ab305b037addb16a4/ SN - 978-3-8029-7522-6 PB - Walhalla Fachverlag CY - Regensburg ET - 2. Aufl. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Finckh, Wolfgang T1 - EN 1992-1-1 Chapter 7.3: Crack Control – PRB Suggestions for Improvement T2 - Proceedings of the First PRB-Workshop on Contributions for the Ease of Use of the Eurocodes, 4th and 5th December 2014, Berlin Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-410-25201-6 SP - 79 EP - 80 PB - Praxisgerechte Regelwerke im Bauwesen e.V. CY - Berlin ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Holický, Milan A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav A1 - Marková, Jana A1 - Vrouwenfelder, Ton A1 - Tanner, Peter A1 - Arteaga, Angel A1 - Lara Sarache, Carlos A1 - Croce, Pietro A1 - Toprak, Selcuk A1 - Senel, Sevket Murat A1 - Inel, Mehmet T1 - Methods for the risk assessment and risk-based management of aging infrastructure N2 - The Leonardo da Vinci Project, “Innovation Transfer in Risk Assessment and Management of Aging Infrastructures”, CZ/13/LLP-LdV/TOI/134014, addresses the urgent need to train students, young engineers and professionals in the assessment of existing infrastructures. The future of the construction industry lies in moving from new constructions towards the maintenance, repair and rehabilitation of existing structures, particularly of aging infrastructures. Risk management consisting of risk assessment and risk control of existing structure therefore plays thereby an important role. The assessment of existing infrastructures is an imperative issue of great economic significance in most countries around the world, as more than 50 % of all construction activities concerns existing buildings, bridges and other civil engineering works. At present, the Eurocodes which will be used in all CEN Member countries are primarily focused on the design of new structures. Additional operational rules for existing structures are still missing. The international standard ISO 13822 provides only general principles for the assessment of existing structures which should be further developed for their effective operational use in practice. The overall procedure of risk management of aging infrastructures is therefore an urgent issue of great economic significance in most countries around the world. This is primarily caused due to the fact that many infrastructures are affected by action effects, fatigue and environmental influences, and inevitably deteriorate. Moreover, available resources for the maintenance, repair or possible replacement of infrastructures are always limited. Typical questions and problems which must be solved in this context can be summarized as follows: • What is the current state of a particular infrastructure? • What is an acceptable level of the relevant risk? • Which aspects are critical to sustainable performance? • What is the optimum life-cycle cost? • What is the best long-term funding strategy? The proposed project highlights the above problems and focusses also on vocational training in risk management and assessment of aging infrastructure in the partner countries (CZ, DE, ES, IT and TR). The current project addresses the urgent need for practical implementation of principles of the management and risk assessment of existing infrastructures in all the partner countries. The project is supported by the Czech Chamber of Chartered Engineers (ČKAIT). The project consortium, under the leadership of the Klokner Institute of the Czech Technical University in Prague (KI CTU), consists of five other partners, including research institutions and universities from three EU Member States (DE, ES, IT) as well as one associated country (TR), and also the Secondary Technical School of Civil Engineering in Ceske Budejovice (CZ). All researchers within the partnership are involved in research projects dealing with reliability assessment of existing structures. They participate in the national and international standardization activities within the international organizations CEN (European Committee for Standardisation) and ISO (International Standardization Organisation). The project outcomes consist of vocational training materials based on international research and relevant standard committee’s activities, and on the significant experience gained from case studies, and on selected results obtained from the previous projects of the Leonardo da Vinci programme. In particular, the experience gained by the partners of the present consortium from the completed project on vocational training related to assessment of existing structures is utilized. Available innovations are transferred to undergraduate and graduate students, practising engineers and local government representatives. The developed training materials are of practical use in offering illustrative examples and several case studies. All the project outcomes are based on documents of the international research organization, Joint Committee on Structural Safety JCSS and international research projects, selected outcomes of the previous project of the Leonardo da Vinci programme (developed by five partners of the present consortium in 2013-2015) and also on background documents to the new European and international standards. Particular outcomes of the proposed project include practical handbooks, software tools, web-sites, e-learning, courses and seminars organized in the partners´ home countries. The project outcomes will also be offered to other European countries through code committees work, lectures and the project web-sites. It is foreseen that the outcomes being used by engineers, designers, technicians, and representatives of public authorities involved in planning and management will have an impact on the risk-based management of infrastructures. One of the important project outcomes is the present Handbook 1 “Methods for the Risk Assessment and Risk-Based Management of Aging Infrastructure”, which is focussed on general procedures of risk-management and assessment of aging infrastructures. The methodologies provided are independent of the type of structure and material, and are compatible with the background methodologies used in the Eurocodes. Operational techniques for the assessment of aging infrastructures supplemented by illustrative case studies are presented in Handbook 2 and Handbook 3, which also result from the mentioned project. Handbook 1 consists of ten chapters and one annex. Chapter 1 gives a brief overview of the basic concepts used in the management and risk assessment of existing structures, supplemented by the basic definitions and terminology. Chapter 2 summarizes current applicable standards, codes and recommendations related to actions and environmental influences on existing structures. Chapter 3 reviews the most important degradation models due to environmental influences. Fatigue effects are treated separately in Chapter 4. The following Chapters, 5, 6, 7 and 8, are devoted step by step to the entire procedure of risk management, including probabilistic reliability analysis, consequence analysis, risk evaluation and risk assessment based on risk acceptance criteria, and consequently provide important information supporting decisions concerning the safety of the structure. The last two Chapters, 9 and 10, illustrate instructive case studies concerning risk management and risk assessment of road tunnels. Annex A presents basic statistical methods and techniques used in the evaluation and updating of available data required for probability and consequence analysis. It is believed that the material of this handbook is presented in an understandable way, illustrated by several realistic examples. A number of references mentioned in each chapter provide additional background materials, further guidance and information useful for particular practical applications. Prague and Regensburg, 2014 Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-80-01-05611-0 PB - Czech Technical University in Prague, Klokner Institute CY - Prague ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Heckner, Markus A1 - Fuchs, Markus A1 - Raab, F. A1 - Wolff, Christian T1 - Monitoring students' mobile app coding behavior data analysis based on IDE and browser interaction logs T2 - IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference, EDUCON, 03-05 April 2014, Istanbul, Turkey N2 - This paper describes a case study of assessing student's coding behavior and skills in a realistic development setting. Students had to solve typical programming problems in the context of app development for the Android platform using the Eclipse IDE. Data was analyzed using IDE as well as browser interaction logs. In addition, screen recordings of the students' interaction with the IDE provide further insight. In this paper we present the first results of our ongoing work. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON.2014.6826202 SP - 892 EP - 899 PB - IEEE ER - TY - INPR A1 - Frikel, Jürgen A1 - Quinto, Eric Todd T1 - A paradigm for the characterization of artifacts in tomography N2 - We present a paradigm for characterization of artifacts in limited data tomography problems. In particular, we use this paradigm to characterize artifacts that are generated in reconstructions from limited angle data with generalized Radon transforms and general filtered backprojection type operators. In order to find when visible singularities are imaged, we calculate the symbol of our reconstruction operator as a pseudodifferential operator. KW - computed tomography KW - Fourier integral operators KW - Lambda tomography KW - limited angle tomography KW - microlocal analysis KW - radon transforms Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1409.4103 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Plank, Tina A1 - Rosengarth, Katharina A1 - Schmalhofer, Carolin A1 - Goldhacker, Markus A1 - Brandl-Rühle, Sabine A1 - Greenlee, Mark W. T1 - Perceptual learning in patients with macular degeneration JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or hereditary macular dystrophies (JMD) rely on an efficient use of their peripheral visual field. We trained eight AMD and five JMD patients to perform a texture-discrimination task (TDT) at their preferred retinal locus (PRL) used for fixation. Six training sessions of approximately one hour duration were conducted over a period of approximately 3 weeks. Before, during and after training twelve patients and twelve age-matched controls (the data from two controls had to be discarded later) took part in three functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) sessions to assess training-related changes in the BOLD response in early visual cortex. Patients benefited from the training measurements as indexed by significant decrease (p = 0.001) in the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between the presentation of the texture target on background and the visual mask, and in a significant location specific effect of the PRL with respect to hit rate (p = 0.014). The following trends were observed: (i) improvement in Vernier acuity for an eccentric line-bisection task; (ii) positive correlation between the development of BOLD signals in early visual cortex and initial fixation stability (r = 0.531); (iii) positive correlation between the increase in task performance and initial fixation stability (r = 0.730). The first two trends were non-significant, whereas the third trend was significant at p = 0.014, Bonferroni corrected. Consequently, our exploratory study suggests that training on the TDT can enhance eccentric vision in patients with central vision loss. This enhancement is accompanied by a modest alteration in the BOLD response in early visual cortex. KW - perceptual learning KW - fMRI BOLD KW - cortical plasticity KW - visual cortex KW - macular degeneration Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01189 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 5 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Greenlee, Mark W. A1 - Rosengarth, Katharina A1 - Schmalhofer, Carolin A1 - Goldhacker, Markus A1 - Brandl-Rühle, Sabine A1 - Plank, Tina T1 - Perceptual learning in patients with central scotomata due to hereditary and age-related macular dystrophy JF - Journal of Vision N2 - Hereditary and age-related forms of macular dystrophy (MD) are characterized by loss of cone function in the fovea, leading to central scotomata and eccentric fixation at the so-called preferred retinal locus (PRL). We investigated whether perceptual learning enhances visual abilities at the PRL. We also determined the neural correlates (3-Tesla fMRI) of learning success. Twelve MD patients (eight with age-related macular dystrophy, four with hereditary macular dystrophies) were trained on a texture discrimination task (TDT) over six days. Patients underwent three fMRI sessions (before, during and after training) while performing the TDT (target at PRL or opposite PRL). Reading speed, visual acuity (Vernier task) and contrast sensitivity were also assessed before and after training. With one exception, all patients showed improved performance (i.e. significant decrease in stimulus onset asynchronies and reaction times, significant increase in hit rates) on the TDT. Eight patients also showed moderate increases in reading speed, six patients showed improved thresholds in contrast sensitivity and nine patients showed improved thresholds in a vernier visual acuity task after TDT training. We found an increase in BOLD response in the projections zone of the PRL in the primary visual cortex in nine of twelve patients after training. The change in fMRI signal correlated (r = .8; p = .02) with the patients’ performance enhancements when the target was in the PRL. The results suggest that perceptual learning can enhance eccentric vision and cortical processing in MD patients. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1167/14.10.666 SN - 1468-4233 SN - 0301-0066 VL - 14 IS - 10 PB - ARVO ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tan, Pi Lin A1 - Yeap, Guan Yeow A1 - Chow, Wen Shyang A1 - Schreiner, Rupert A1 - Cheong, Kuan Yew T1 - Effect of Thickness of Porphyrin on Electrical Properties of Organic Devices JF - Advanced Materials Research (AMR) N2 - The study on electrical properties for both 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21,23H-porphine Cu (II) (Cu-porphyrin) and 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21,23H-porphine (porphyrin) thin film, which were fabricated using spin coating method was conducted. Porphyrins were diluted with chloroform of various concentrations (0.05 mg/ml, 0.1 mg/ml, 0.5 mg/ml, 2.0 mg/ml and 3.0 mg/ml). The solution was spin coated on top of glass substrates. A layer of aluminum was evaporated on top of the organic thin film through thermal evaporation and shadow mask was placed on top of the organic thin film where two electrodes with a gap of 50 μm were formed. Surface morphology of the organic thin film was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and profilometer. Different concentrations of organic solutions greatly affected the molecular packing and arrangement order of the organic thin film and thickness of the organic layer and eventually affected electrical properties of the devices. KW - Porphyrin KW - Electrical Properties KW - Spin Coating Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1024.381 SN - 1662-8985 SN - 1022-6680 VL - 1024 SP - 381 EP - 384 PB - Trans Tech Publications Ltd. CY - Baech ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Haumer, Anton A1 - Kral, Christian T1 - The New EDrives Library: A Modular Tool for Engineering of Electric Drives T2 - Proceedings of the 10th International Modelica Conference, March 10-12, 2014, Lund, Sweden N2 - Simulation is an indispensable tool for the engineering of systems containing electric drives. Depending on the design phase and the engineering task different levels of modeling details are required: proof of concept; investigation of energy and power consumption; design of control; etc. The new EDrives library provides three levels of abstraction for inverters: quasi static (neglecting electrical transients); averaging (neglecting switching effects) and switching – for serving different demands. The inverters can feed the machine models of the Modelica Standard Library: Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave and the new Modelica.Magnetic.QuasiStatic.FundamentalWave. The EDrives library copes with arbitrary phase numbers and can be easily extended to develop new control algorithms. In this publication the structure of the library and the implemented control principles are presented. Furthermore; examples comparing the three different levels of abstraction are included. KW - control KW - Electric machines and drives KW - multi phase KW - power electronics KW - quasi static KW - switching KW - thermal behavior KW - transient Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-91-7519-380-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3384/ecp14096155 SN - 1650-3686 SN - 1650-3740 SP - 155 EP - 163 PB - Linköping University Electronic Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kral, Christian A1 - Haumer, Anton A1 - Wöhrnschimmel, Reinhard T1 - Extension of the FundamentalWave Library towards Multi Phase Electric Machine Models T2 - Proceedings of the 10th International Modelica Conference, March 10-12, 2014, Lund, Sweden N2 - Abstract Electric machine theory and electric machine simulations models are often limited to three phases. Up to the Modelica Standard Libray (MSL) version 3.2 the provided machine models were limited to three phases. Particularly for large industrial drives and for redundancy reasons in electric vehicles and aircrafts multi phase electric machines are demanded. In the MSL 3.2.1 an extension of the existing FundamentalWave library has been performed to cope with phase numbers greater than or equal to three. The developed machine models are fully incorporating the multi phase electric; magnetic; rotational and thermal domain. In this publication the theoretical background of the machines models; Modelica implementation details; the parametrization of the models and simulation examples are presented. KW - electric Machine models KW - induction machine KW - Modelica Standard Library KW - multi phase KW - synchronous machine KW - synchronous reluctance machine Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-91-7519-380-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3384/ecp14096135 SN - 1650-3686 SN - 1650-3740 SP - 135 EP - 143 PB - Linköping University Electronic Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schlegl, Peter A1 - Robatzek, Patrick A1 - Kucera, Markus A1 - Volbert, Klaus A1 - Waas, Thomas T1 - Performance analysis of mobile radio for automatic control in smart grids JF - International Journal of Advancements in Electronics and Electrical Engineering N2 - In the context of a "Smart Grid" research project, together with industrial partners, the OTH-Regensburg realized an intelligent medium-voltage grid in the local area. Goal was to improve the current voltage regulation and to counter the problems with inconsistent energy feed-in of decentralized renewable energy producers. In this paper we discuss the possibilities of using 3rd generation (3G) cellular networks (UMTS) as basic technology to communicate the voltage-levels within a medium-voltage grid. We build an experimental hardware setup to generate data-traffic as specified for the smart grid. By analyzing the performance of 3G cellular networks in terms of transmission latency and rate of failure, we tried to evaluate the usability of this technology for such critical data exchange. Though mobile communication in its structure is not specified for the use of transmitting such infrastructure critical data, the results show a promising high reliability with low transmission latency. The experiments served just to test a fragment of the conditions of use in a real scenario. An expanded test scope is needed to further analyze the performance of mobile radio for automatic control in smart grids. In the end the results discussed in this paper led to a successful prototype of an intelligent medium-voltage grid with mobile radio as communication technology KW - mobile radio KW - cellular data transmission KW - 3G KW - 4G KW - Smart Grid KW - communication Y1 - 2014 UR - http://journals.theired.org/journals/paper/details/5456.html SN - 2319-7498 VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 69 EP - 75 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ławrowski, Robert Damian A1 - Prommesberger, Christian A1 - Langer, Christoph A1 - Dams, Florian A1 - Schreiner, Rupert T1 - Improvement of Homogeneity and Aspect Ratio of Silicon Tips for Field Emission by Reactive-Ion Etching JF - Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. Special issue: Advances in Smart Materials and Applications N2 - The homogeneity of emitters is very important for the performance of field emission (FE) devices. Reactive-ion etching (RIE) and oxidation have significant influences on the geometry of silicon tips. The RIE influences mainly the anisotropy of the emitters. Pressure has a strong impact on the anisotropic factor. Reducing the pressure results in a higher anisotropy, but the etch rate is also lower. A longer time of etching compensates this effect. Furthermore an improvement of homogeneity was observed. The impact of uprating is quite low for the anisotropic factor, but significant for the homogeneity. At low power the height and undercut of the emitters are more constant over the whole wafer. The oxidation itself is very homogeneous and has no observable effect on further variation of the homogeneity. This modified fabrication process allows solving the problem of inhomogeneity of previous field emission arrays. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/948708 SN - 1687-8442 SN - 1687-8434 VL - 2014 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Hindawi ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Retief, Johan Verster A1 - Barnardo-Viljoen, Celeste A1 - van der Klashorst, Etienne A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris ED - Deodatis, George ED - Ellingwood, Bruce ED - Frangopol, Dan M. T1 - Extreme actions and climate change T2 - Safety, Reliability, Risk and Life-Cycle Performance of Structures and Infrastructures : proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Structural Safety and Reliability, New York, USA, 16-20 June 2013 Y1 - 2014 SN - 9780429227950 SP - 1543 EP - 1550 PB - CRC Press CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fleischmann, Florian A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - Neues Rheometer zur Bestimmung der Frischbetoneigenschaften von Selbstverdichtenden Betonen. JF - Beton : die Fachzeitschrift für Bau + Technik Y1 - 2014 SN - 0005-9846 VL - 64 IS - 9 SP - 330 EP - 337 PB - Verlag Bau + Technik CY - Erkrath ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kral, Christian A1 - Haumer, Anton A1 - Lee, Sang Bin T1 - A Practical Thermal Model for the Estimation of Permanent Magnet and Stator Winding Temperatures JF - IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics N2 - A thermal model for the determination of the temperatures of interior permanent magnets and stator windings is presented in this paper. The innovation of the model relies on one temperature sensor being located in the stator core of the machine. Such sensor is simple to implement in many applications such as traction or EV, where reliability is critical. The estimated stator winding and permanent magnet temperatures are determined by a simplified thermal lumped element network model with only two time constants. It is shown that the proposed thermal model is very robust due to the structure of the model and the measured stator core temperature. The distortion of the temperature estimates caused by the cooling circuit is inherently accounted for such that the model can be used for robust online prediction of temperatures. Experimental results based on a forced water-cooled interior permanent magnet synchronous machine setup are presented to validate the effectiveness of the presented model. KW - cooling KW - lumped element thermal equivalent circuit model KW - magnetic cores KW - permanent magnet machines KW - permanent magnet synchronous machine KW - stators KW - synchronous machines KW - temperature estimation KW - variable speed KW - dynamic load Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2013.2253128 SN - 1941-0107 SN - 0885-8993 VL - 29 IS - 1 SP - 455 EP - 464 PB - IEEE ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Goldhacker, Markus A1 - Rosengarth, Katharina A1 - Plank, Tina A1 - Greenlee, Mark W. T1 - The effect of feedback on performance and brain activation during perceptual learning JF - Vision research N2 - We investigated the role of informative feedback on the neural correlates of perceptual learning in a coherent-motion detection paradigm. Stimulus displays consisted of four patches of moving dots briefly (500 ms) presented simultaneously, one patch in each visual quadrant. The coherence level was varied in the target patch from near threshold to high, while the other three patches contained only noise. The participants judged whether coherent motion was present or absent in the target patch. To guarantee central fixation, a secondary RSVP digit-detection task was performed at fixation. Over six training sessions subjects learned to detect coherent motion in a predefined quadrant (i.e., the learned location). Half of our subjects were randomly assigned to the feedback group, where they received informative feedback after each response during training, whereas the other group received non-informative feedback during training that a response button was pressed. We investigated whether the presence of informative feedback during training had an influence on the learning success and on the resulting BOLD response. Behavioral data of 24 subjects showed improved performance with increasing practice. Informative feedback promoted learning for motion displays with high coherence levels, whereas it had little effect on learning for displays with near-threshold coherence levels. Learning enhanced fMRI responses in early visual cortex and motion-sensitive area MT+ and these changes were most pronounced for high coherence levels. Activation in the insular and cingulate cortex was mainly influenced by coherence level and trained location. We conclude that feedback modulates behavioral performance and, to a lesser extent, brain activation in areas responsible for monitoring perceptual learning. KW - Perceptual learning KW - Functional MRI KW - Feedback KW - Coherent motion detection Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2013.11.010 SN - 1878-5646 SN - 0042-6989 VL - 99 SP - 99 EP - 110 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Walter, Sebastian F. A1 - Schmidt, Andreas A1 - Körkel, Stefan T1 - Adjoint-based optimization of experimental designs with many control variables JF - Journal of Process Control N2 - We propose a method for an efficient optimization of experimental designs, using a combination of discrete adjoint computations, Taylor arithmetic and matrix calculus. Compared to the state of the art of using finite differences or the forward mode of automatic differentiation, our proposed approach leads to a reduction of the relative temporal complexity from linear to constant time in the number of control variables and measurement weights. We demonstrate that the advantageous complexity results are not only of theoretical nature, but lead to significant speedups in practice as well. With our implementation we are very close to the theoretical bound of the cheap gradient principle. We present one academic (spatially discretized heat equation) and two industrial application examples (biochemical process/Diesel-oxidation catalysis process) where we achieve speedups that range between 10 and 100. In addition to our core results, we also describe an efficient adjoint approach for the treatment of differential algebraic equations and present adjoint formulas for constrained least-squares problems. KW - Automatic differentiation KW - Constrained least-squares KW - Differential algebraic equation KW - Optimum experimental design KW - Reverse mode Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2014.06.019 SN - 0959-1524 VL - 24 IS - 10 SP - 1504 EP - 1515 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Milaev, Johannes A1 - Ruider, Martin A1 - Schlegl, Thomas T1 - Entwicklung eines Experimentalsystems zur Validierung adaptiver Regelungen mit einem OEM-Steuergerät T2 - Tagungsband AALE 2014 : das Forum für Fachleute der Automatisierungstechnik aus Hochschulen und Wirtschaft ; 11. Fachkonferenz, Regensburg N2 - Im Rahmen des Kooperationsprojektes "ACES" (Integrated Adaption of Linear Controllers for Embedded Systems) ist ein Prüfstand zur Validierung adaptiver Regelungen entwickelt und aufgebaut worden, der das dynamische Verhalten eines Kfz-Antriebstrangs aufweist. Ziel ist es, verschiedene Adaptionsverfahren auf ihre Einsetzbarkeit in OEM-Steuergeräten, die im Automotive-Bereich auf breiter Basis verwendet werden, kostengünstig testen zu können. Das Problem der aktiven Schwingungsdämpfung in Kfz-Antriebssträngen mit unbekannten und veränderlichen mechanischen Parametern stellt eine Pilotanwendung dar. Ein leicht anpassbarer mechanischer Prüfstand dient hierbei als vereinfachtes Modell eines Antriebstrangs. Dieser ist Bestandteil eitles Experimentalsystems mit einer informationstechnischen Architektur, die einen Betrieb engebetteter Regelungssysteme auf verschiedenen Plattformen gestattet. Das flexible mechanische und informationstechnische Design des Experimentalsystems gestattet die Variation von Parametern der zu regelnden Applikation durch leicht austauschbare mechanische Komponenten und gezielte Einbringung von Störgrößen. Zudem kann die Berechnung der Regelungsarchitektur auf einem Industrie-PC oder einem Steuergerät erfolgen. Weitere Vorteile des entwickelten Experimentalsystems sind die Berücksichtigung von Effekten, die aus dem Verhalten realer Sensoren und der CAN-basierten Signalübertragung entstehen. Insbesondere der Einfluss von Wortbreite und Latenz übertragener Signale auf die Adaption von Regelungen kann mit Hilfe des vorgestellten Experimentalsystems eingehend untersucht werden. KW - Adaptivregelung KW - aktive Schwingungsdämpfung KW - Algorithmus KW - Antriebsstrang KW - Drehschwingung KW - Kraftfahrzeug KW - Lageregelung KW - Prüfstand KW - robuste Regelung KW - Schwingungsdämpfung KW - Validierung Y1 - 2014 UR - https://www.oth-regensburg.de/fakultaeten/maschinenbau/aale-2014.html SN - 978-3-8356-7142-3 SP - 241 EP - 250 PB - Deutscher Industrieverlag CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Retief, Johan Verster A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Barnardo-Viljoen, Celeste A1 - van der Klashorst, Etienne T1 - Application of Risk Based Infrastructure Design Concepts to provision for climate change T2 - American Meteorological Society (AMS), 94th AMS annual meeting, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Y1 - 2014 PB - American Meteorological Society ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Küpper, Carsten A1 - Artmann, Christina A1 - Pischinger, Stefan A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter T1 - Lube-Oil Dilution of GDI Engines with Ethanol Fuels JF - Auto Tech Review KW - Cold Start KW - Injection Strategy KW - Fuel Mass KW - Mixture Formation KW - Fuel Blend Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1365/s40112-014-0570-5 VL - 3 IS - 3 SP - 30 EP - 35 PB - Springer India CY - New Delhi ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hager, Markus A1 - Finke, Thomas A1 - Seitz, Jochen A1 - Waas, Thomas T1 - Software-based management for Ethernet networks JF - Wireless Personal Communications N2 - An adequate network management is an essential part for each network permitting to keep the network performance at a suitable level. In this paper, we present our work focusing on an Ethernet network which is used as background interconnection technology for a smart home system in large buildings like tenements or an office block. In this case the network is larger and especially the applications are quite heterogeneous as compared to a private smart home system. Therefore, it is hard to supply a fair and quality of service aware network meeting all the demands. This is especially challenging in the case of an Ethernet network because this technology was intended to use it as a transparent connection system without the feature to support hard quality of service. We present how this problem could be solved by a middleware which best meets the special requirement of the mentioned use case. Finally, we discuss possible design improvements of this solution and present the recent Ethernet standards that could help solve this problem in an alternative way. KW - Network management KW - Ethernet KW - Middleware Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-013-1341-3 VL - 74 IS - 3 SP - 1021 EP - 1032 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sorokin, Vladislav V. A1 - Stepanov, Gennady V. A1 - Vasiliev, V. G. A1 - Kramarenko, Elena Yu A1 - Mayer, Matthias A1 - Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Investigation of Dynamic Modulus and Normal Force of Magnetorheological Elastomers with Soft and Hard Magnetic Fillers T2 - NANO 2014, July 13 – 18, 2014, Moscow ; Section 06 - Polymer, Organic and Other Soft Matter Materials Y1 - 2014 CY - Moscow ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kempf, Sabrina A1 - Lauer, Norina A1 - Corsten, Sabine A1 - Voigt-Radloff, Sebastian T1 - Potential analysis of research on speech therapy-led communication training in aphasia following stroke JF - Zeitschrift für Evidenz, Fortbildung und Qualitat im Gesundheitswesen N2 - Health problem: In Germany, about 100,000 people currently suffer from aphasia. This speech disorder occurs as a result of neurologic events such as stroke or traumatic brain injury. Aphasia causes major limitations in social participation and quality of life and can be associated with unemployability and social isolation. For affected persons, it is essential to regain and maintain autonomy in daily life, both at work and with family and friends. The loss of autonomy is perceived much more dramatically than the loss of speech. Clients wish to minimise this loss of autonomy in daily life. As full recovery is not achievable in chronic aphasia, treatment must focus on improved compensatory approaches and on supporting the clients' coping strategies. Evidence base: Based on eight randomised comparisons including 347 participants, a recent Cochrane review (Brady et al., 2012) revealed that speech therapy - as compared with no treatment - had positive effects on functional communication in clients suffering from aphasia (0.30 SMD; 95% CI[0.08 to 0.52]). There was no evidence suggesting that one type of training was superior to the others. However, quality of life and social participation were not evaluated as outcomes. Recent studies found that speech therapy-led training for communication and self-efficacy and the integration of communication partners may have a positive impact on these client-centred outcomes. Implication for research: Speech therapy-led training for communication within a group setting should be manualised and pilot-tested with respect to feasibility and acceptance in a German sample of people with aphasia and their communication partners. Instruments measuring quality of life and social participation can be validated within the scope of this feasibility study. These research efforts are necessary to prepare a large-scale comparative effectiveness research trial comparing the effects of both usual speech therapy and speech therapy-led group communication training on quality of life and social participation. T2 - Potenzialanalyse zu logopädischem kommunikationstraining bei aphasie nach schlaganfall KW - Aphasie KW - Lebensqualität KW - Partizipation KW - Logopädie KW - Sprachtherapie KW - Potential analysis KW - Potenzialanalyse KW - aphasia KW - participation KW - quality of life KW - speech therapy Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.zefq.2014.08.002 VL - 108 IS - 1, Suppl. 1 SP - 45 EP - 52 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kaspar, Marcel A1 - Kleiner, Florian A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter T1 - Online-Analyse und Optimierung der Schmierölverdünnung bei direkteinspritzenden Ottomotoren T2 - 7. VDI-Fachtagung mit Fachausstellung Zylinderlaufbahn, Kolben, Pleuel : Baden-Baden, 03. und 04. Juni 2014 N2 - Bei Ottomotoren mit Direkteinspritzung besteht beim Kaltstart, den Warmlaufphasen und auch durch den Einfluss anderer Parameter wie z. B. des Einspritzzeitpunkts oder des Einspritzdrucks die Problematik, dass Kraftstoff an die Zylinderlaufbahn aufgetragen wird und sich mit dem Motoröl vermischen kann. Eine Verstärkung dieses Kraftstoffauftrags ist unter anderem der Verschiebung der Motorbetriebspunkte zu höheren Mitteldrücken und damit einem Wirkungsgrad optimaleren Betrieb geschuldet. Eine Veränderung der physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften des Motoröls durch die Verdünnung mit Kraftstoff ist die Folge. Durch die Verringerung der Viskosität des Motoröls kann es zu einer verminderten Schmierwirkung des Öls kommen, die im schlimmsten Fall zur Schädigung des Motors führt. Existierende Offline-Analysemethoden die zeitintensive Laboranalysen nach sich ziehen, als auch Online-Messverfahren die nicht den technischen Anforderungen hinsichtlich Genauigkeit und einer kurzen Messdauer entsprechen, stellen aktuell die einzigen Messmethoden zur Bestimmung der Schmierölverdünnung dar. Durch neue Entwicklungstrends bei Ottomotoren ist es jedoch unbedingt notwendig, die Mechanismen des Kraftstoffein- und -austrags in das und aus dem Motoröl genauer zu untersuchen. Mit der an der OTH Regensburg neu entwickelten Messtechnik wurde eine Vorgehensweise erarbeitet, mit der die zeitlichen Verläufe des Kraftstoffein- und -austragsverhaltens bei Ottomotoren quantitativ in kurzer Zeit bestimmt und optimiert werden können. Especially at cold start and the warm-up operation GDI engines have an issue with oil dilution. Parameters such as injection timing and injection pressure impact the entry of fuel in the engine oil as well. With the adjustment of engine operating points to higher mean effective pressures resulting in downsizing concepts also an additional increase of fuel entry occurs. Fuel gets into the oil pan and is mixed with the engine oil so that the physical and chemical properties of the engine oil are changed. With the reduction of engine oil viscosity due to fuel entry a reduced lubricating effect can be caused. In the worst case damage to the engine occurs, To determine oil dilution online and offline measurement methods exist. A rather long analysis time in the laboratory is a disadvantage of the offline methods. Online methods are not correlating with technical requirements in terms of accuracy and a short measurement time. New trends in the development of gasoline engines require investigations of fuel in oil sorption and desorption processes. A new measurement technique which is developed at the OTH Regensburg enables to determine quantitative fuel in oil sorption and desorption processes. With this technique a procedure was generated to measure the oil dilution at gasoline engines and optimize them in a short time. KW - Direkteinspritzerottomotor KW - Direkteinspritzung KW - Kaltstart KW - Kraftstoff KW - Motoröl KW - Online-Analyse KW - Online-Messverfahren KW - Ottomotor KW - Viskositätsverringerung Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-18-092230-0 SP - 65 EP - 77 PB - VDI-Verlag CY - Düsseldorf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schliermann, Rainer A1 - Heydenreich, Patrick A1 - Scheuer, Tanja A1 - Anneken, Volker T1 - Lebensqualität, Erwerbstätigkeit und körperliche Aktivität bei Menschen mit Sehschädigungen: Eine Befragung ehemaliger Rehabilitanden von Berufsförderungs- und Berufsbildungswerken T2 - 23. Rehabilitationswissenschaftliches Kolloquium - Deutscher Kongress für Rehabilitationsforschung: Arbeit - Gesundheit - Rehabilitation vom 10. bis 12. März 2014 in Karlsruhe Y1 - 2014 UR - https://www.deutsche-rentenversicherung.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Experten/reha_forschung/reha_kolloquium/TB-23Reha-Koll.html SN - 978–3–00–045196–6 SP - 106 EP - 108 CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Laumer, Tobias A1 - Stichel, T. A1 - Sachs, Marius A1 - Amend, Philipp A1 - Schmidt, Michael ED - Bártolo, Paulo T1 - Qualification and modification of new polymer powders for laser beam melting using Ulbricht spheres T2 - High value manufacturing : Advanced research in virtual and rapid prototyping ; Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Advanced Research and Rapid Prototyping, Leiraia, Portugal, 1-5 October, 2013 N2 - The restricted amount of available materials for Laser Beam Melting (LBM) of polymers is one of the main limitations for expanding the technology. Current qualification methods deal with problems like inadequate powder flowability or high part porosities among others but do not offer a detailed analysis of the important beam-matter-interaction between powder particles and electro-magnetic laser radiation. In this paper, polyethylene powder is qualified for the LBM process and specifically analyzed regarding the optical material properties of the powder for a wavelength of 10.6 μm. By admixing graphite as absorption intensifier the change of the optical material properties and the thereby connected processing parameters are analyzed. Furthermore an explanation approach is given to explain the relation between different transmittances of different powder particles and the optical material properties of the polymer powders. Y1 - 2014 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286311000_Qualification_and_modification_of_new_polymer_powders_for_laser_beam_melting_using_Ulbricht_spheres SN - 978-1-138-00137-4 SN - 1138001376 SP - 255 EP - 260 PB - CRC Press CY - Boca Raton ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Laumer, Tobias A1 - Stichel, Thomas A1 - Amend, Philipp A1 - Roth, Stephan A1 - Schmidt, Michael T1 - Analysis of Temperature Gradients during Simultaneous Laser Beam Melting of Polymers T2 - Physics Procedia N2 - By simultaneous laser beam melting (SLBM), different polymer powders can be processed to multi-material parts, which offers the potential to enlarge the field of application for conventional LBM. In a SLBM process, a powder bed consisting of different polymers and therefore with different melting and crystallization temperatures is deposited. Besides the use of infrared emitters for preheating the lower melting polymer, a CO2 laser distributes the necessary preheating temperature of the higher melting polymer. In the last step, a thulium fibre laser distributes the energy necessary for melting the two preheated powders simultaneously. In order to analyze the temperature gradients of the process on the powder surface and in deeper layers, a high-resolution thermal imaging system and thermocouples are used. KW - Additive manufacturing KW - Multi-Material Parts KW - Process Qualification KW - Simultaneous Laser Beam Melting Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2014.08.159 VL - 56 SP - 167 EP - 175 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Graf, Julia A1 - Rudolph, Clarissa ED - Jung, Tina ED - Lieb, Anja ED - Reusch, Marie ED - Scheele, Alexandra ED - Schoppengerd, Stefan T1 - Emanzipation durch (Erwerbs-)Arbeit?! T2 - In Arbeit: Emanzipation ; feministischer Eigensinn in Wissenschaft und Politik ; Festschrift für Ingrid Kurz-Scherf KW - Frau KW - Berufstätigkeit KW - Frauenemanzipation KW - Feminismus Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-89691-973-1 SP - 150 EP - 164 PB - Westfälisches Dampfboot CY - Münster ET - 1. Auflage ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Finckh, Wolfgang A1 - Niedermeier, Roland T1 - Example 4: Strengthening a reinforced concrete column by wrapping T2 - Commentary on the DAfStb guideline "Strengthening of concrete members with adhesively bonded reinforcement" with examples KW - Betonbauteil KW - Bewehrung KW - Lamelle KW - Kohlenstofffaserverstärkter Kunststoff KW - Kleben KW - Tragfähigkeit KW - Bemessung KW - Gewirke KW - Kohlenstofffaser Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-410-65255-7 SN - 0171-7197 SP - 115 EP - 125 PB - Beuth CY - Berlin ; Wien ; Zürich ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Finckh, Wolfgang A1 - Schmitt, Alexander A1 - Zilch, Konrad T1 - Example 1: Strengthening a slab with externally bonded CFRP strips T2 - Commentary on the DAfStb guideline "Strengthening of concrete members with adhesively bonded reinforcement" with examples KW - Betonbauteil KW - Bewehrung KW - Lamelle KW - Kohlenstofffaserverstärkter Kunststoff KW - Kleben KW - Tragfähigkeit KW - Bemessung KW - Gewirke KW - Kohlenstoffaser Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-410-65255-7 SN - 0171-7197 SP - 47 EP - 68 PB - Beuth CY - Berlin ; Wien ; Zürich ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Finckh, Wolfgang A1 - Niedermeier, Roland A1 - Schmitt, Alexander A1 - Zilch, Konrad T1 - Example 3: Strengthening a T-beam with externally bonded CFRP strips T2 - Commentary on the DAfStb guideline "Strengthening of concrete members with adhesively bonded reinforcement" with examples KW - Betonbauteil KW - Bewehrung KW - Lamelle KW - Kohlenstofffaserverstärkter Kunststoff KW - Kleben KW - Tragfähigkeit KW - Bemessung KW - Gewirke KW - Kohlenstoffaser Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-410-65255-7 SN - 0171-7197 SP - 115 EP - 125 PB - Beuth CY - Berlin ; Wien ; Zürich ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kousidis, Spyros A1 - Kennington, Casey A1 - Baumann, Timo A1 - Buschmeier, Hendrik A1 - Kopp, Stefan A1 - Schlangen, David T1 - Situationally Aware In-Car Information Presentation Using Incremental Speech Generation: Safer, and More Effective T2 - Proceedings of the EACL 2014 Workshop on Dialogue in Motion, Gothenburg, Sweden N2 - Holding non-co-located conversationswhile driving is dangerous (Horrey and- Wickens, 2006; Strayer et al., 2006), much more so than conversations with physically present, “situated” interlocutors (Drews et al., 2004). In-car dialogue systems typically resemble non-co-located conversations more, and share their negative impact (Strayer et al., 2013). We implemented and tested a simple strategy for making in-car dialogue systems aware of the driving situation, by giving them the capability to interrupt themselves when a dangerous situation is detected,and resume when over. We show that this improves both driving performance and recall of system-presented information, compared to a non-adaptive strategy. KW - in-car information presentation KW - incremental speech generation KW - situation awareness Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/W14-0212 SP - 68 EP - 72 PB - Association for Computational Linguistics ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Laumer, Tobias A1 - Koopmann, Jonas A1 - Stichel, Thomas A1 - Amend, Philipp T1 - Generation of multi-material parts with alternating material layers by Simultaneous Laser Beam Meltingof polymers T2 - International Conference on Additive Technologies, 15 - 17 Oct 2014, Wien N2 - By using Additive Manufacturing technologies, like Laser Beam Melting (LBM) of polymers, parts can be realized within single days and necessary modifications can be quickly adapted. With increasing complexity, products are often made out of different polymer materials and the need for multi-material parts is an increasing industry requirement, which cannot be fulfilled by the single material parts realizable by LBM. Therefore, Simultaneous Laser Beam Melting (SLBM) as a new Additive Manufacturing technology offers the possibility to build parts consisting of different polymer materials. The realizable parts combine different material properties, like differing stiffness or chemical resistances, within a single part. Up to now, different materials are deposited next to each other on the building platform, thus the boundary surface between the different polymers is orientated perpendicular to the building direction. For this paper, the polymer powders are alternated in building direction. Thus, the boundary surface is orientated horizontally and is larger, both influencing the boundary surface and resulting part properties, which are analyzed by a high-resolution thermal imaging system and by cross sections. KW - additive manufacturing KW - Multi-Material Parts KW - Simultaneous Laser Beam Melting Y1 - 2014 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274250275_Generation_of_multi-material_parts_with_alternating_material_layers_by_Simultaneous_Laser_Beam_Meltingof_polymers ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stichel, Thomas A1 - Amend, Philipp A1 - Laumer, Tobias A1 - Roth, Stephan T1 - Electrostatic Multi-Material Powder Deposition for Simultaneous Laser Beam Melting T2 - International Conference on Information, Communication and Automation Technologies (ICAT), 2014, Wien N2 - In this paper, the use of electrostatic polymer powder transfer methods for the preparation of multi-material layers is discussed with respect to the application in Simultaneous Laser Beam Melting (SLBM). Therefore, the basic principles of the single process steps as well as the challenges in combination with SLBM are considered verifying the critical process steps. On that base, process concepts are developed which might enable the fabrication of high quality multi-material parts in the future. Moreover, since the polymer powders typically used with Laser Beam Melting differ strongly from common toners for e. g. electrophotographic printing, an experimental setup was built to study the powder transfer with an electrically chargeable transfer plate using polyamide 12 powder. The results of this study show that transfer of powders usable for Laser Beam Melting can be achieved, but depends on the electric field strength which is a function of the gap between transfer and substrate plate and the intermediate electric potential. Y1 - 2014 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280154608_Electrostatic_Multi-Material_Powder_Deposition_for_Simultaneous_Laser_Beam_Melting ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Laumer, Tobias A1 - Stichel, Thomas A1 - Bock, Thomas A1 - Amend, Philipp A1 - Schmidt, Michael T1 - Characterization of temperature-dependent optical material properties of polymer powders T2 - AIP Conference Proceedings N2 - In former works, the optical material properties of different polymer powders used for Laser Beam Melting (LBM) at room temperature have been analyzed. With a measurement setup using two integration spheres, it was shown that the optical material properties of polymer powders differ significantly due to multiple reflections within the powder compared to solid bodies of the same material. Additionally, the absorption behavior of the single particles shows an important influence on the overall optical material properties, especially the reflectance of the powder bed. Now the setup is modified to allow measurements at higher temperatures. Because crystalline areas of semi-crystalline thermoplastics are mainly responsible for the absorption of the laser radiation, the influence of the temperature increase on the overall optical material properties is analyzed. As material, conventional polyamide 12 and polypropylene as new polymer powder material, is used. By comparing results at room temperature and at higher temperatures towards the melting point, the temperature-dependent optical material properties and their influence on the beam-matter interaction during the process are discussed. It is shown that the phase transition during melting leads to significant changes of the optical material properties of the analyzed powders. KW - laser beam melting KW - material qualification KW - Optical Material Properties KW - Polymers Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4918508 IS - 1 PB - AIP Publishing ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Baumann, Timo T1 - Partial Representations Improve the Prosody of Incremental Speech Synthesis T2 - Interspeech 2014, Singapore, 14-18 September 2014 N2 - When humans speak, they do not plan their full utterance inall detail before beginning to speak, nor do they speak piece-by-piece and ignoring their full message – instead humans usepartial representations in which they fill in the missing partsas the utterance unfolds. Incremental speech synthesizers, incontrast, have not yet made use of partial representations and theinformation contained there-in.We analyze the quality of prosodic parameter assignments(pitch and duration) generated from partial utterance specifi-cations (substituting defaults for missing features) in order todetermine the requirements that symbolic incremental prosodymodelling should meet. We find that broader, higher-level infor-mation helps to improve prosody even if lower-level informationabout the near future is yet unavailable. Furthermore, we findthat symbolic phrase-level or utterance-level information is mosthelpful towards the end of the phrase or utterance, respectively,that is, when this information is becoming available even in theincremental case. Thus, the negative impact of incremental pro-cessing can be minimized by using partial representations thatare filled in incrementally. KW - incremental processing KW - prosody KW - speech synthesis KW - spoken dialogue systems KW - simultaneous interpreting Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.21437/Interspeech.2014-199 SP - 2932 EP - 2936 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Twiefel, Johannes A1 - Baumann, Timo A1 - Heinrich, Stefan A1 - Wermter, Stefan T1 - Improving Domain-independent Cloud-based Speech Recognition with Domain-dependent Phonetic Post-processing T2 - AAAI 2014 – Twenty-Eighth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-14), Québec, CA, July 27–31, 2014 N2 - Automatic speech recognition (ASR) technology has been developed to such a level that off-the-shelf distributed speech recognition services are available (free of cost), which allow researchers to integrate speech into their applications with little development effort or expert knowledge leading to better results compared with previously used open-source tools. Often, however, such services do not accept language models or grammars but process free speech from any domain. While results are very good given the enormous size of the search space, results frequently contain out-of-domain words or constructs that cannot be understood by subsequent domain-dependent natural language understanding (NLU) components. We present a versatile post-processing technique based on phonetic distance that integrates domain knowledge with open-domain ASR results, leading to improved ASR performance. Notably, our technique is able to make use of domain restrictions using various degrees of domain knowledge, ranging from pure vocabulary restrictions via grammars or N-Grams to restrictions of the acceptable utterances. We present results for a variety of corpora (mainly from human-robot interaction) where our combined approach significantly outperforms Google ASR as well as a plain open-source ASR solution. Y1 - 2014 UR - https://www2.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/wtm/publications/2014/TBHW14/Twiefel_AAAI2014_CR.pdf U6 - https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v28i1.8929 SP - 1529 EP - 1535 PB - Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Baumann, Timo T1 - Decision Tree Usage for Incremental Parametric Speech Synthesis T2 - Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP) 2014, 4-9 May 2014, Florence, Italy N2 - Human speakers plan and deliver their utterances incrementally, piece-by-piece, and it is obvious that their choice regarding phonetic details (and the details' peculiarities) is rarely determined by globally optimal solutions. In contrast, parametric speech synthesizers use a full-utterance context when optimizing vocoding parameters and when determing HMM states. Apart from being cognitively implausible, this impedes incremental use-cases, where the future context is often at least partially unavailable. This paper investigates the `locality' of features in parametric speech synthesis voices and takes some missing steps towards better HMM state selection and prosody modelling for incremental speech synthesis. KW - Speech Synthesis KW - Incremental Processing KW - HMM Synthesis KW - Interactivity KW - Spoken Dialogue Systems Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.2014.6854316 SP - 3847 EP - 3851 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kennington, Casey A1 - Kousidis, Spyros A1 - Baumann, Timo A1 - Buschmeier, Hendrik A1 - Kopp, Stefan A1 - Schlangen, David ED - Miller, Erika ED - Wu, Yuqing T1 - Better Driving and Recall When In-car Information Presentation Uses Situationally-Aware Incremental Speech Output Generation T2 - Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, AutomotiveUI '14, Seattle WA, USA, September 17 - 19, 2014 N2 - It is established that driver distraction is the result of sharing cognitive resources between the primary task (driving) and any other secondary task. In the case of holding conversations, a human passenger who is aware of the driving conditions can choose to interrupt his speech in situations potentially requiring more attention from the driver, but in-car information systems typically do not exhibit such sensitivity. We have designed and tested such a system in a driving simulation environment. Unlike other systems, our system delivers information via speech (calendar entries with scheduled meetings) but is able to react to signals from the environment to interrupt when the driver needs to be fully attentive to the driving task and subsequently resume its delivery. Distraction is measured by a secondary short-term memory task. In both tasks, drivers perform significantly worse when the system does not adapt its speech, while they perform equally well to control conditions (no concurrent task) when the system intelligently interrupts and resumes. Y1 - 2014 UR - 978-1-4503-3212-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/2667317.2667332 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - ACM CY - New York, NY ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kousidis, Spyros A1 - Kennington, Casey A1 - Baumann, Timo A1 - Buschmeier, Hendrik A1 - Kopp, Stefan A1 - Schlangen, David ED - Ali Salah, Albert T1 - A Multimodal In-Car Dialogue System That Tracks The Driver's Attention T2 - Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Multimodal Interaction, ICMI '14, November 12 - 16 2014, Istanbul N2 - When a passenger speaks to a driver, he or she is co-located with the driver, is generally aware of the situation, and can stop speaking to allow the driver to focus on the driving task. In-car dialogue systems ignore these important aspects, making them more distracting than even cell-phone conversations. We developed and tested a "situationally-aware" dialogue system that can interrupt its speech when a situation which requires more attention from the driver is detected, and can resume when driving conditions return to normal. Furthermore, our system allows driver-controlled resumption of interrupted speech via verbal or visual cues (head nods). Over two experiments, we found that the situationally-aware spoken dialogue system improves driving performance and attention to the speech content, while driver-controlled speech resumption does not hinder performance in either of these two tasks Y1 - 2014 SN - 9781450328852 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/2663204.2663244 SP - 26 EP - 33 PB - ACM CY - New York, NY ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thiel, Charlotte A1 - Stengel, T. A1 - Gehlen, Christoph T1 - Life cycle assessment (LCA) of road pavement materials T2 - Eco-efficient Construction and Building Materials N2 - At present the choice of materials and techniques in road construction is dictated by structural requirements and economic aspects. However, ecological factors have gained in importance due to environmental considerations in politics and society. To evaluate the environmental impact of motorways, a life cycle assessment (LCA) according to ISO 14040 was carried out for different pavement types. By investigating different case scenarios, the reduction potential of environmental impact was quantified. The biggest reduction in air pollution can be achieved by improving pavement properties (e.g., texture, stiffness and flatness) which would significantly reduce the fuel consumption of vehicles. KW - asphalt roads KW - concrete roads KW - life cycle assessment KW - pavement LCA Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857097729.2.368 SP - 368 EP - 403 PB - Woodhead Publishing ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Franke, Wolfram A1 - Thiel, Charlotte A1 - Duran, F. A1 - Gehlen, Christoph T1 - Effect of Calcium Nitrate on the freeze-thaw-resistance of concrete T2 - Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress on Concrete Durability, 2, 2014, New Delhi N2 - Concrete in cold climates is not only exposed to cold weather while concreting but also to freeze-thaw cycles during its lifetime. Thus not only the concrete production needs to be adjusted to the environmental conditions but also the mixture has to be durable and resist the environmental impacts. Commonly an air entraining agent is used to interrupt the capillary pore system and to provide further space for the freezing water to expand. The downside of this approach is a loss in compressive strength. Within this paper the effect of simultaneous use of air entraining agent and calcium nitrate is discussed. It is shown that calcium nitrate can counteract strength loss due to the air entraining agent without reducing the durability gain in the same extent. A certain combination of calcium nitrate and air entraining agent can also be used to increase the freeze-thaw-resistance. KW - air entrainer KW - calcium nitrate KW - Durability KW - freeze-thaw-resistance Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thiel, Charlotte A1 - Beddoe, Robin E. A1 - Lowke, Dirk A1 - Gehlen, Christoph T1 - Accelerated carbonation: changes in water transport, porosity and phases of mortar due to different CO 2 pressures T2 - Proceedings of the 10th fib International PhD Symposium in Civil Engineering, July 21 to 23, 2014, Québec, Canada N2 - Currently, the carbonation resistance of concrete is assessed on the basis of accelerated tests performed with high (unrealistic) CO2 concentrations. It remains unclear whether these high concentrations reflect the processes occurring under natural conditions and enable the accurate prediction of field behaviour. To develop future test procedures with higher reliability, it is necessary to deepen the knowledge on the mechanisms of carbonation. Thin slices of mortar were stored in a gaseous mixture of 2 % CO2 and 98 % N2 at atmospheric pressure or 5 bar. IH-NMR equipment was used to detennine moisture profiles with aresolution of 0.2 mm. At 5 bar a drying front at the near-surface region of the mortar discs severely inhibited the progression of the carbonation reactions. This effect was prevented by exposure to altemating cycles of pressure and storage at atmospheric pressure (65%RH) which significantly increased the rate of carbonation, but was too severe to resolve the effect of cement type on carbonation resistance. Furthermore , the evolution of water beyond the carbonation front of mortar sampies under accelerated concentration and at atmospheric pressure was clearly visible. This may lead to an overestimation of carbonation resistance of sampies tested under accelerated conditions at the optimal relative humidity for natural carbonation (50-70% RH). Y1 - 2014 UR - https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/doc/1230854/1230854.pdf SP - 217 EP - 221 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Höcherl, Johannes A1 - Bottke, Christian A1 - Schlegl, Thomas T1 - Eine redundante Steuerungsarchitektur zur Realisierung sicherer Mensch-Roboter-Kollaboration - Entwicklung gemäß DIN EN ISO 10218, 13849 und 12100 T2 - Tagungsband AALE 2014 N2 - Das Forschungsprojekt ManuCyte konzentriert sich auf die Realisierung einer Plattform für die Kultivierung menschlicher Zellen und Gewebe im industriellen Maßstab. Für die Mensch-Roboter-Kolloboration ist die Robotersteuerung technologisch diversitär und redundant ausgeführt. Skizziert und analysiert wird ein prototypisches Robotersystem zum Erhalt von sicherer Mensch-Roboter-Kollaboration. Eine normgerechte Risikobeurteilung wird anhand der vorliegenden Anwendung Schritt für Schritt aufgezeigt. Wichtige Kenngrößen zur Bestimmung des sicherheitstechnischen Leistungsgrades sicherheitsrelevanter Steuerungsfunktionen werden exemplarisch berechnet und zusammengefasst. Die Vorgehensweise der Steuerungsentwicklung und die entwickelte Steuerungsarchitektur werden aufgezeigt. Außerdem werden die Sicherheitsanforderungen exemplarisch validiert und die Ergebnisse diskutiert. Aufgezeigt werden die Entwicklungsschritte zu einer möglichen Zertifizierung. A prototypic robot system for Human-Robot Collaboration is sketched and analyzed in the article at hand. For the present application, the risk assessment according to the relevant standards is visualized step by step. Important parameters to determine the safety performance level of safety related control functions are calculated and summarized. The procedure to develop a safe control system and the developed control architecture are shown. Furthermore, the safety requirements are validated exemplarily and the results are discussed. Possible steps to carry the system to a certification complete the present article. KW - Funktionssicherheit KW - Mensch-Roboter-Kooperation KW - Risikoanalyse KW - Robotersteuerung KW - Sicherheitstechnik KW - Steuerungs- und Regelungssystem Y1 - 2014 UR - https://www.oth-regensburg.de/fakultaeten/maschinenbau/aale-2014.html SN - 978-3-8356-7142-3 SP - 165 EP - 173 PB - Deutscher Industrieverlag CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kaspar, Marcel A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Mayer, Wolfgang T1 - Differenzierte Kohlenwasserstoffanalytik im Dieselabgas bei verschiedenen Motorbetriebszustaenden : Detailed hydrocarbon analysis of diesel exhaust gas at different engine operating conditions T2 - 12. FAD-Konferenz „Herausforderung – Agbasnachbehandlung für Dieselmotoren“, 12, 2014, Dresden N2 - Beitrag und Praesentationsmaterial eines Vortrags ueber differenzierende Kohlenwasserstoffanalytik im Dieselabgas bei verschiedenen Motorbetriebszustaenden. Mit einem neu entwickelten, hochgenauen HC-Sensor werden unverbrannte HC im Abgas untersucht. Die differenzierende Untersuchung erfolgt an einem Massenspektrometer, das mit chemischer Ionisation arbeitet. Die Molekuele Ethin, Ethen und Propen wurden gezielt betrachtet. Es zeigt sich, dass bei kalten Betriebsbedingungen diese drei Komponenten etwa die Haelfte der gesamten HC Konzentration ergeben. Ein weiterer Punkt ist die Regeneration des Dieselpartikelfilters. KW - ABGASKONZENTRATION KW - ABGASTRENNUNG KW - ABGASZUSAMMENSETZUNG KW - DIESELMOTOR KW - EINSTUFENFILTER KW - GASFILTER KW - HAUPTSTROMFILTER KW - KATALYTISCHE ABGASNACHVERBRENNUNG KW - KATALYTISCHER REAKTOR KW - KOHLENWASSERSTOFF (ABGAS) KW - OXIDATIONSKATALYSATORANLAGE KW - Partikelfilter KW - PERIODISCH ZU REINIGENDER FILTER KW - R4-MOTOR KW - UEBERDRUCKFILTER Y1 - 2014 SP - 1 EP - 35 PB - Förderkreis Abgasnachbehandlungstechnologien für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen (FAD) e.V. CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Jentsch, Mareike A1 - Trost, Tobias A1 - Sterner, Michael T1 - Optimal Use of Power-to-Gas Energy Storage Systems in an 85% Renewable Energy Scenario T2 - Energy Procedia N2 - In future energy systems with high shares of fluctuating renewable energy generation, electricity storage will become increasingly important for the utilization of surplus energy. The Power-to-Gas (PtG) technology is one promising option for solving the challenge of long-term electricity storage and is theoretically able to ease situations of grid congestion at the same time. This article presents the perspectives of PtG in an 85% renewable energy scenario for Germany, quantifying an economic optimum for the PtG capacity as well as an optimized spatial PtG deployment. KW - Deutschland KW - Elektrizität KW - Energieproduktion KW - Energiespeicher KW - erneuerbare Energie KW - Langzeitarchivierung KW - Methan KW - optimale Nutzung KW - PtG (Power-to-Gas) Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.01.180 SN - 1876-6102 VL - 46 SP - 254 EP - 261 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Großmann, Benjamin A1 - Schlegl, Thomas T1 - Entwicklung einer Regelungsarchitektur für ein Telepräsenzsystem T2 - Tagungsband AALE 2014 N2 - Es wird dargelegt, wie das Verhalten eines Manipulators durch die Vorsteuerung von Drehmomenten und die Anwendung von kinematischen Beziehungen zu einer Punktmasse vereinfacht werden kann. Der darauf aufbauende, vorgestellte Algorithmus zur Kopplung des Operators mit dem Teleoperator ist mathematisch beschrieben und hinsichtlich der Problematik von Differentiationen in der realen Anwendung angepasst. Die vorgestellte Simulation mit zwei Testsignalen sowie die Frequenzganganalyse eines Koppelterms zeigen, dass der Algorithmus vor allem bei niedrigen Frequenzen dem Bediener ein hohes Maß an Transparenz liefert. Eine Frequenzganganalyse bei Variation der parametrierbaren Übertragungsfunktionen kann die Transparenz bei hohen Frequenzen verbessern. Nächste Schritte konzentrieren sich auf die experimentelle Evaluierung einer vorgestellten Kraftregelungsarchitektur am Assistenzroboter CARo5X. Insbesondere wird geprüft, ob die Annahme eines linearisierten und entkoppelten Systems am Experimentalaufbau hinreichend zutrifft. Nach erfolgter Inbetriebnahme der vorgestellten Kraftregelung am Robotersystem SixAx, das von der Regensburg Robotics Research Unit (RRRU) entwickelt worden ist, werden beide Roboter durch den vorgestellten Ansatz gekoppelt und final experimentell bewertet. KW - Algorithmus KW - Dateneingabegerät KW - Fernsteuerung KW - Kinematik KW - Kraftregelung KW - Manipulator KW - mobiles Bedienpanel KW - Regelkreis KW - Steuerungs- und Regelungssystem Y1 - 2014 UR - https://www.oth-regensburg.de/fakultaeten/maschinenbau/aale-2014.html SN - 978-3-8356-7142-3 SP - 285 EP - 294 PB - Deutscher Industrieverlag CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Al-Falouji, Ghassan A1 - Prestel, Dietmar A1 - Scharfenberg, Georg A1 - Mandl, Roland A1 - Deinzer, Arnulf A1 - Halang, W. A1 - Margraf-Stiksrud, Jutta A1 - Sick, B. A1 - Deinzer, Renate T1 - SMART-iBrush - Individuelle Unterstützung der Zahnreinigung durch Messung von Bewegung und Druck mit einer intelligenten Zahnbürsten T1 - SMART-iBrush - Individuelle Unterstützung der Zahnreinigung durch Messung von Bewegung und Druck mit einer intelligenten Zahnbürste T2 - Transdisziplinäre Konferenz Technische Unterstützungssysteme, die die Menschen wirklich wollen, 1, 2014, Gießen N2 - Der Forschungsansatz der intelligenten Zahnbürste (SMART-iBrush) verfolgt das Ziel, dass Menschen die für sie effektivste Zahnputzmethode unter individueller Anleitung der Zahnbürste interaktiv trainieren können. Hierzu wurde eine Zahnbürste entwickelt, die Bewegung und Druckverlauf erfasst. Daten werden an ein Smart Device übertragen und können dort in Echtzeit visualisiert werden, z.B. in eher spielerischer Form für Jugendliche oder sachlich nüchterner Form für Erwachsene. In einem Feldversuch wurden Daten von 100-Probanden erfasst. Zukünftig soll mit der SMART-iBrush Technologie, bei deren Entwicklung Wissenschaftler in den Bereichen Psychologie, Zahnmedizin, Embedded Systems und Machine Learning kooperieren, auch die Güte des Putzvorgangs bewertet werden, um die Putzenden aktiv anzuleiten. Intelligent toothbrush research (SMART-iBrush) aims to support humans in learning their individual, most effective tooth brushing technique. Therefore, a toothbrush was developed that measures motion and force applied to its tip. Measurements are transferred to a smart device where they can be visualized in real-time, for example in a more playful fashion for children or a-more factual fashion for adults. Field trials were conducted with 100 participants. Future features of SMART-iBrush 'will include interactive guidance and training techniques. To achieve these goals, researchers from the fields of psychology, dentistry, embedded systems, and machine learning cooperate in SMART-iBrush project. KW - Bewegungsmessung KW - Druckverlauf KW - Embedded-System KW - Erwachsener KW - Feldversuch KW - Jugendlicher KW - Kind KW - maschinelles Lernen KW - Psychologie KW - Zahnbürste KW - Zahnmedizin Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-86818-073-2 SP - 315 EP - 327 PB - Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr CY - Hamburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Glowa, Christoph A1 - Roduner, Christian A1 - Schneider, Ralph T1 - Online-Parameteridentifikation eines mechanischen Ein-Massen-Torsionsschwingers T2 - Tagungsband AALE 2014 N2 - Regelungsfunktionen für Automotive-Anwendungen werden dahingehend entworfen, dass ein bestmögliches Regelverhalten über die gesamte Lebensdauer der Applikation erzielt werden soll. Der Einfluss unterschiedlicher Umgebungsbedingungen und Bauteilvarianten sowie eine Alterung von Komponenten führt dazu, dass beim Entwurf von Regelungen Reserven vorgehalten werden müssen. Andernfalls besteht die Gefahr, dass eine Veränderung der geregelten Strecke zu einem ungewollten Regelverhalten - bis hin zur Instabilität des geregelten Systems - führt. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts ACES (Integrated Adaption of Linear Controllers for Embedded Systems) entwickeln die Kooperationspartner AVL Software & Functions GmbH, Regensburg und die OTH Regensburg gemeinsam Algorithmen zum Entwurf von adaptiven Regelungen, bei denen die Parameter eines Reglers auf Basis identifizierter Streckenparameter eingestellt werden. Vorgestellt wird ein rekursiver und durch einen variablen Gewichtungsfaktor modifizierter Algorithmus, welcher in der Lage ist, auch unter nicht optimalen Schätzbedingungen zeitvariante physikalische Parameter eines realen Antriebstrangs zweiter Ordnung in Echtzeit zu ermitteln. Mit der Implementierung des Schätzverfahrens auf einem in der Automotive Branche verwendeten Steuergerät wurde die prinzipielle Tauglichkeit des Verfahrens im Hinblick auf die Anwendbarkeit für industrienahe Problemstellungen aufgezeigt. Die weitere Vorgehensweise besteht darin, den Algorithmus dahingehend anzupassen, dass auftretende nichtlineare Effekte wie Reibung berücksichtigt werden können. Ferner sollen auch Systeme höherer Ordnung identifiziert werden. Für den Fall von linearen Strecken zweiter Ordnung ist der Algorithmus bereits in der Lage, die notwendigen Parameter zur Auslegung adaptiver Regelungen zu liefern. Die Implementierung von solchen adaptiven Regelalgorithmen auf einem Steuergerät soll im Projekt ACES ebenfalls umgesetzt werden. Die Verwendung adaptiver Regler könnte somit eine effizientere Regelung von zeitvarianten Strecken ermöglichen. KW - Algorithmus KW - Identifikationssystem KW - Online-Analyse KW - Online-Plattform KW - Parameteridentifikation KW - Schätzung KW - Steuerungs- und Regelungsalgorithmus KW - Torsionsschwingungsdämpfer KW - Torsionsschwingungsmessung KW - Versuchsergebnis Y1 - 2014 UR - https://www.oth-regensburg.de/fakultaeten/maschinenbau/aale-2014.html SN - 978-3-8356-7142-3 SP - 61 EP - 70 PB - Deutscher Industrieverlag CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kaspar, Marcel A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter T1 - Differenzierte Kohlenwasserstoffanalytik im Dieselabgas bei verschiedenen Motorbetriebszuständen T2 - 12. FAD-Konferenz „Herausforderung – Agbasnachbehandlung für Dieselmotoren“, 12, 2014, Dresden N2 - Die für Dieselfahrzeuge gesetzlich vorgeschriebenen Grenzwerte bezüglich der Schadstoffkomponenten Kohlenwasserstoffe und Kohlenmonoxid können nur durch den Einsatz eines Diesel-Oxidationskatalysators erfüllt werden. Um erhöhte Emissionen infolge eines geschädigten Katalysators zu vermeiden, gilt es, dieses abgasrelevante Bauteil auch während des Betriebes zu überwachen. Die zukünftigen gesetzlichen Anforderungen an die Überwachung erfordern ein Verfahren das eine zuverlässige und hochgenaue Diagnose zulässt. Deshalb entwickelt eine Forschungsgemeinschaft aus Industrieunternehmen und Hochschulen einen neuartigen Kohlenwasserstoffsensor zur hochgenauen Analyse von unverbrannten Kohlenwasserstoffen im Abgasstrang. Hierfür ist die Kohlenwasserstoffzusammensetzung des Dieselabgases bei verschiedenen Motorbetriebszuständen zu ermitteln. Zur differenzierten Untersuchung der Kohlenwasserstoffkomponenten wurde in der Arbeit ein Massenspektrometer eingesetzt, das mit chemischer Ionisation arbeitet. Anhand eines Abgasscreenings konnte eine Reihe von Kohlenwasserstoffen (Alkane, Alkene, Alkine, Alkadiene und aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe) identifiziert werden, die typisch für das Dieselabgas stehen. Die Moleküle Ethin, Ethen und Propen wurden gezielt betrachtet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass bei kalten Betriebsbedingungen diese drei Komponenten etwa die Hälfte der Gesamtkohlenwasserstoffkonzentration ergeben. Ein weiterer Punkt der Untersuchungen war die Diesel-Partikelfilter-Regeneration. Wie erwartet, lassen sich Kohlenwasserstoffmoleküle mit höheren Massen feststellen, die auf unverbrannten Dieselkraftstoff zurückzuführen sind. Anhand der Ergebnisse zeigte sich.dass sich das mit chemischer Ionisation arbeitende Massenspektrometer hervorragend für ein Abgasscreening eignet. Zahlreiche Kohlenwasserstoffe konnten identifiziert werden, die repräsentativ für das Dieselabgas stehen. Es sollten Moleküle bei verschiedenen Motorbetriebsbedingungen untersucht werden, die einen möglichst großen Anteil an der Gesamtkohlenwasserstoffkonzentration besitzen. Die Auswahl fiel aufgrund der gemessenen Massenspektren, vor und nach dem Diesel-Oxidationskatalysator, auf die Komponenten Ethin, Ethen und Propen. Zudem kann bei diesen Molekülen eine Masseninterferenz mit anderen Abgaskomponenten ausgeschlossen werden. Im unteren Teillastbereich und kaltem Motor machen diese Kohlenwasserstoffe bis zu 50%, gemittelt über alle Messstellen vor, im und nach dem Diesel-Oxidationskatalysator, der Gesamtkohlenwasserstoffkonzentration aus. Bei betriebswarmem Motor reduziert sich ihr Anteil auf ein Drittel Die höchste Konzentration unter den drei Komponenten besitzt dabei Propen. Mit steigendem Drehmoment nimmt der Anteil dieser drei Komponenten fortlaufend ab,was dafür spricht, dass Moleküle mit höheren Massen einen höheren Anteil einnehmen. Die Kohlenwasserstoff-Emissionen bewegen sich bei diesen Motorbetriebspunkten mit betriebswarmem Katalysator jedoch bereits bei sehr niedrigen Werten. Während der untersuchten Diesel-Partikelfilter-Regeneration mit späten Nacheinspritzungen zur Abgastemperaturerhöhung lassen sich Moleküle mit höheren Massen nachweisen. Diese sind typisch für die Reinkomponente Dieselkraftstoff. Der Anteil von Ethin, Ethen und Propen an der THC-Konzentration beträgt dann ca. 40%. KW - Alkadiene KW - Alkane KW - aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe KW - Betriebsbedingung KW - Dieselabgas KW - Dieselkraftstoff KW - DIESELMOTOR KW - Ethen KW - Ethin KW - Ionisation KW - Kohlenmonoxid KW - Kohlenwasserstoffe KW - Massenspektrometer KW - Oxidationskatalysator KW - Propen KW - Schadstoff KW - Überwachung Y1 - 2014 SP - 45 EP - 59 PB - Förderkreis Abgasnachbehandlungstechnologien für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen (FAD) e.V. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Boccara, R. A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav T1 - Optimal design of ground-mounted solar systems T2 - Safety and reliability : methodology and applications : proceedings of the European Safety and Reliability Conference, ESREL 2014, Wrocław, Poland, 14-18 September 2014 N2 - Solar energy represents a clean, natural and sustainable source of energy. Solar photovoltaic panels can be installed on roofs of structures or in the ground. This contribution focusses on ground-mounted systems, which are presently widely implemented. At present limited guidelines on the design of solar ground-mounted structures are available. Usually standards for the design of normal buildings are applied. However, the design of ground-mounted structures significantly differs from common structural design by: (1) a lower design lifetime (20-25 years) is accepted; (2) failure is not associated with the loss of human life; (3) resistance uncertainties need due attention; (4) uplift wind forces dominating structural reliability are associated with a large scatter. That is why the reliability analysis and optimal design of ground-mounted solar systems is investigated herein. The failure costs and especially their ratio to the initial costs are analyzed considering the data provided from the industry. Probabilistic reliability analyses are carried out and optimum design levels are computed for representative cost ratios. The optimal target reliability depends on the ratio between failure and initial costs; reliability index of 3.5 corresponds to a reasonable cost ratio of 10. KW - Dach KW - Montagesystem KW - Montiergerät KW - nachhaltiges Sourcing KW - Solarenergie KW - Solarmodul KW - Windkraft (Energiequelle) Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-1-138-02681-0 SP - 2175 EP - 2181 PB - CRC Press CY - Boca Raton ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zilch, Konrad A1 - Niedermeier, Roland A1 - Finckh, Wolfgang ED - Bergmeister, Konrad ED - Fingerloos, Frank ED - Wörner, Johann-Dietrich T1 - Verstärken von Betonbauteilen mit geklebter Bewehrung - Erläuterungen zur DAfStb-Richtlinie T2 - Beton-Kalender 2013 : Lebensdauer und Instandsetzung, Brandschutz Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-433-60546-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/9783433602591.ch6 SP - 469 EP - 552 PB - Ernst & Sohn CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Finckh, Wolfgang A1 - Schmitt, Alexander A1 - Zilch, Konrad T1 - Example 2: Strengthening a slab with near surface mounted CFRP strips T2 - Commentary on the DAfStb guideline "Strengthening of concrete members with adhesively bonded reinforcement" with examples KW - Betonbauteil KW - Bewehrung KW - Lamelle KW - Kohlenstofffaserverstärkter Kunststoff KW - Kleben KW - Tragfähigkeit KW - Bemessung KW - Gewirke KW - Kohlenstoffaser Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-410-65255-7 SN - 0171-7197 SP - 69 EP - 86 PB - Beuth CY - Berlin ; Wien ; Zürich ER - TY - GEN A1 - Haslbeck, Matthias A1 - Brückl, Oliver T1 - Liberalisierung von Systemdienstleistungen T2 - Zukünftige Stromnetze für erneuerbare Energien N2 - Die Liberalisierung der Blindleistung und Schaffung von regionalen nicht ausschreibungspflichtigen Q-Beschaffungsprozessen ermöglicht vor allem künftig erhebliche Kostenreduktionspotenziale. Allerdings ist die Etablierung mit umfangreichen Eingriffen in den heutigen Normen- und Gesetzesrahmen verbunden. Damit diese Potenziale gehoben werden können, bedarf es einerseits der Möglichkeit der Kostenanrechnung im Rahmen der Netznutzungsentgelte, andererseits eines Anreizsystems, sinnvoll und sorgsam mit Q umzugehen. Grundsätzlich ist vorher gründlich zu untersuchen, ob und ab welchem Zeitpunkt die Liberalisierung der Blindleistung zielführend ist und wie im Detail die Liberalisierung der Blindleistung auszugestalten wäre. KW - Blindleistung KW - Deregulierung KW - Energiewende KW - Kostenreduktion KW - Netzmanagement KW - Netz-Management KW - Privatisierung KW - Stromerzeugung KW - Stromversorgung KW - Wettbewerb KW - Wiederaufbau KW - Wirkleistung Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-943891-34-8 SP - 170 EP - 175 PB - Ostbayerisches Technologie-Transfer-Institut (OTTI) CY - Regensburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Singh, Max Diamond ED - Schwegel, Philipp ED - Da-Cruz, Patrick ED - Hemel, Ulrich ED - Oberender, Peter T1 - Produktmanagement in der Medizintechnik T2 - Medizinprodukte Management N2 - Das Management in der Medizinprodukteindustrie steht vor vielfältigen Herausforderungen. So sinken einerseits die Produktpreise, anderseits wird auch für die kommenden Jahre in vielen Segmenten ein Mengenwachstum erwartet. Dies stellt die internen Prozesse, vom Customer Service bis hin zur Forschung & Entwicklung, auf den Prüfstand. Die Entscheidungsträger auf Kundenseite verändern sich, weg vom Produktanwender hin zu professionellen Einkaufsgemeinschaften mit immer größerer Verhandlungsmacht. Der hohe Internationalisierungsgrad der Unternehmen führt zu einer steigenden Komplexität bei der Implementierung von Marketing-, Vertriebs- und Produktentwicklungsstrategien auf Länderebene. Darüber hinaus werden zunehmend neue Geschäftsmodelle mit hohem Dienstleistungsanteil entwickelt, die mit der traditionellen Lieferantenrolle wenig zu tun haben und von Managern eine neue Fähigkeiten für die Umsetzung erfordern. Die Autoren des Sammelbands greifen die genannten Herausforderungen auf und bieten mit ihren Beiträgen Lösungsansätze, die sowohl für Manager im Medizinprodukteunternehmen als auch für Wissenschaftler und Studierende relevant sind. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-941678-47-7 SP - 148 EP - 161 PB - PCO-Verlag CY - Bayreuth ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sehr, Armin A1 - Barfuss, Hendrik A1 - Hofmann, Christian A1 - Maas, Roland A1 - Kellermann, Walter T1 - Efficient training of acoustic models for reverberation-robust medium-vocabulary automatic speech recognition JF - 2014 4th Joint Workshop on Hands-Free Speech Communication and Microphone Arrays, HSCMA, 12-14 May 2014, Villers-les-Nancy, France N2 - A recently proposed concept for training reverberation-robust acoustic models for automatic speech recognition using pairs of clean and reverberant data is extended from word models to tied-state triphone models in this paper. The key idea of the concept, termed ICEWIND, is to use the clean data for the temporal alignment and the reverberant data for the estimation of the emission densities. Experiments with the 5000-word Wall Street Journal corpus confirm the benefits of ICEWIND with tied-state triphones: While the training time is reduced by more than 90%, the word accuracy is improved at the same time, both for room-specific and multi-style hidden Markov models. Since the acoustic models trained with ICEWIND need less Gaussian components for the emission densities to achieve comparable recognition rates as Baum-Welch acoustic models, ICEWIND also allows for a reduced decoding complexity. KW - Hidden Markov models KW - Training KW - Speech recognition KW - Speech KW - Vectors KW - Accuracy KW - Training data Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/HSCMA.2014.6843275 SP - 177 EP - 181 PB - IEEE ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schildgen, Johannes A1 - Jörg, Thomas A1 - Dossinger, Manuel A1 - Deßloch, Stefan T1 - Marimba: A framework for making MapReduce jobs incremental JF - Proceedings - 2014 IEEE International Congress on Big Data, BigData Congress 2014, 27 June 2014 - 02 July 2014, Anchorage, AK, USA N2 - Many MapReduce jobs for analyzing Big Data require many hours and have to be repeated again and again because the base data changes continuously. In this paper we propose Marimba, a framework for making MapReduce jobs incremental. Thus, a recomputation of a job only needs to process the changes since the last computation. This accelerates the execution and enables more frequent recomputations, which leads to results which are more up-to-date. Our approach is based on concepts that are popular in the area of materialized views in relational database systems where a view can be updated only by aggregating changes in base data upon the previous result. KW - Aggregates KW - Rhythm KW - Computational modeling KW - Programming KW - Google KW - Big data KW - Relational databases Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/BigData.Congress.2014.27 PB - IEEE ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schliermann, Rainer A1 - Stolz, Isabel A1 - Anneken, Volker T1 - The sports background, personality, attitudes, and social competencies of coaches and assistant coaches in the ‘Just Soccer’ program for pupils with intellectual disabilities JF - Human Movement N2 - The purpose of this study was to empirically analyze the sports background, personality dimensions, attitudes, and social competencies of adult head coaches and young assistant coaches involved in the German Einfach Fußball ( Just Soccer) program, which promotes the participation of pupils with intellectual disabilities in soccer/sports and society. Methods. The study recruited 28 head coaches and 29 assistant coaches who completed a questionnaire battery of standardized instruments (NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, Social Self-Efficacy) as well as self-developed instruments. Analysis of the data involved descriptive and inferential statistical procedures. A descriptive comparison of the assistant coaches with a normative sample of males aged 16–20 years was performed. Results. The head coaches were found with little soccer/sports experience with persons with disabilities prior to participation in the Just Soccer program. However, the majority were familiar with these persons through personal/vocational contacts. Overall, the head coaches were differentiated by formal coaching levels and playing backgrounds, with very few holding any additional formal qualifications in special education. The assistant coaches pre sented below average scores in the analyzed five personality dimensions when compared with the normative sample. Their attitudes and social competencies did not change during their 8-month involvement in Just Soccer . Conclusions. The findings highlight the important role of the coaching staff in the success of the Just Soccerprogram. coaches involved in such activities should be familiarized with needs of people with disabilities, be stress-resistant, and possess a balanced set of personality traits. In addition, the results suggest that such individuals should be coaches/players from conventional soccer clubs instead of special school physical education teachers. KW - participation KW - inclusion KW - soccer KW - disabilities KW - personality KW - attitudes Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/humo-2015-0009 SN - 1732-3991 VL - 15 IS - 3 SP - 177 EP - 185 PB - Versita CY - Warsaw ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Großmann, Benjamin A1 - Schlegl, Thomas T1 - Development of a Hybrid Path/Force Control Architecture for an Assisting Robot JF - International journal of mechanics and control : JoMaC N2 - For human machine interaction a control ar chitecture for the force controlled guidance mode of a five axis robot is developed. This enables a human operator to move the robot easily by applying forces at th e end-effector. The position and th e path can then be tracked and stored for a later reuse. The control archit ecture is also used in a hybrid mode where it is possible to control chosen workspace coordinates with a path controller and others with a force controller. The hybrid mode is especially used to cut tissue material with a scalpel which is mounted at the robots effector. KW - robotics KW - force control KW - hybrid control KW - assisting robot Y1 - 2014 UR - http://www.jomac.it/data/uploads/freeissue/jomac14a.pdf SN - 1590-8844 VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 27 EP - 34 PB - Levrotto&Bella CY - Torino ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stoll, Andrea A1 - Mayer, Matthias A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail T1 - Evaluation of highly compliant magneto-active elastomers with colossal magnetorheological response JF - Journal of applied polymer science N2 - Highly compliant elastomers with a shear storage modulus as low as 25 Pa are prepared using commercially available silicone, plasticizer, and tactile mutator silicone additive. They are used as matrix material for magneto-active elastomers (MAEs) with carbonyl iron contents between 0 and 85 wt %. In the absence of an external magnetic field, the storage modulus of MAEs based on two selected mixtures ranges between ~100 Pa and ~2000 Pa. Addition of a mutator to the matrix mixture results in a long post-cure period depending on the curing temperature and the initial mixture. In the presence of a magnetic field, the presented MAEs exhibit a strong magneto-induced change in storage modulus resulting in a colossal magnetorheological effect of >106 % which is ~30 times higher than previously reported values. The results are of interest in applications using such elastomers as cell substrates with magnetically tunable rigidity. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/app.39793 SN - 1097-4628 SN - 0021-8995 PB - Wiley CY - New York, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Strech, Daniel A1 - Follmann, Markus A1 - Klemperer, David A1 - Lelgemann, Monika A1 - Ollenschläger, Günter A1 - Raspe, Heiner A1 - Nothacker, Monika T1 - When Choosing Wisely meets clinical practice guidelines JF - Zeitschrift für Evidenz, Fortbildung und Qualität im Gesundheitswesen : ZEFQ = The journal of evidence and quality in health care N2 - The American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Foundation launched the Choosing Wisely campaign in 2012 and until today convinced more than 50 US specialist societies to develop lists of interventions that may not improve people’s health but are potentially harmful. We suggest combining these new efforts with the already existing efforts in clinical practice guideline development. Existing clinical practice guidelines facilitate a more participatory and evidence-based approach to the development of top 5 lists. In return, adding top 5 lists (for overuse and underuse) to existing clinical practice guidelines nicely addresses a neglected dimension to clinical practice guideline development, namely explicit information on which Do or Don’t do recommendations are frequently disregarded in practice. T2 - Wenn "Choosing Wisely" auf Leitlinien trifft Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.zefq.2014.10.014 SN - 1865-9217 SN - 2212-0289 VL - 108 IS - 10 SP - 601 EP - 603 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stichel, Thomas A1 - Amend, Philipp A1 - Laumer, Tobias A1 - Roth, Stephan T1 - Polymer Powder Deposition using Vibrating Capillary Nozzles for Additive Manufacturing JF - Information, Communication and Automation Technologies (ICAT), 2014, Wien N2 - Abstract — In this report, the dry delivery of polyamide 12 (PA 12) powder for the preparation of powder layers in laser beam melting (LBM) is investigated. Therefore, an experimental setup was built which consists of a glass nozzle assembled on a piezo-electric actuator. By applying a sinusoidal voltage signal to the actuator, the nozzle is set into vibration mode which enhances the powder delivery through the nozzle. By using this effect, powder mass flow is controlled and a valve-like start and stop function is realized. In order to identify suitable process parameters, a broad range of vibration modes were investigated using two nozzles made from glass with different orifice diameters. Therefore, the vibration frequency and the voltage signal of the actuator were varied and the resulting mass flow was detected by a balance. It was found that both the frequency and the voltage signal affect the mass flow and its stability but with different impact. Moreover, powder lines were deposited with different velocities in order to characterize the setup regarding applicability for highly selective powder deposition for LBM. KW - multi-material deposition KW - additive manufacturing KW - vibrating nozzle KW - dry powder delivery KW - polyamide 12 Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Laumer, Tobias A1 - Wudy, Katrin A1 - Drexler, Maximilian A1 - Amend, Philipp A1 - Roth, Stephan A1 - Drummer, Dietmar A1 - Schmidt, Michael T1 - Fundamental investigation of laser beam melting of polymers for additive manufacture JF - Journal of Laser Applications N2 - By selective laser sintering (SLS), polymer powders are molten layer by layer to build conventional prototypes or parts in small series with geometrical freedom that cannot be achieved by other manufacturing technologies. The SLS process is mainly defined by the beam–matter interaction between powder material, laser radiation and different material characteristics by itself. However the determination of these different material characteristics is problematic because powder material imposes certain requirements that cannot sufficiently be provided by conventional measurement methods. Hence new fundamental investigation methods to determine the optical and thermal material characteristics like the thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, or the influence of different heating rates on the melting behavior are presented in this paper. The different analysis methods altogether improve the process of understanding to allow recommendations for the future process controlling. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2351/1.4892848 SN - 1938-1387 SN - 1042-346X VL - 26 IS - 4 PB - AIP Publishing ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brand, Ortrun A1 - Rudolph, Clarissa T1 - Auf zu neuen Ufern? Geschlechterleitbilder im Wandel JF - WSI-Mitteilungen N2 - Social policy reforms in Germany have, among other goals, targeted the question of how to transform gendered divisions of labour into an adult worker model. According to this model, both partners contribute to the household’s income. Whether and in how far the reforms, and notably those of the social security system SGB II (‘Hartz IV’), have realized this model is a matter of dispute. The article contributes to the debate by analyzing reforms of the past decade with respect to the question of which gender role models are supported by the reforms. As the analysis shows, the reforms support different models at the same time. On the other hand the article asks whether an adult worker model should be the main goal of emancipatory reforms and argues that a gender sensitive concept for social policy should mainly focus on more autonomy. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/0342-300x-2014-2-89 SN - 0342-300X VL - 67 IS - 2 SP - 89 EP - 96 PB - Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schermer, Detleff T1 - Hybrid testing of masonry structures subjected to seismic loading JF - Mauerwerk N2 - The combination of experiments and numeric description in a test makes it possible to realistically investigate almost any type of system subjected to dynamic loading without requiring the extremely expensive device of a shaking table. With the numeric approach it is possible to examine the behaviour of even very large and complex structures, thus reducing the experimental investigations to the essential part of the system – for example, bracing masonry walls. This test method has proved to be very helpful, particularly for the investigation of seismic loading, and it allows the synchronous examination of several force and displacement variables (horizontal, vertical, rotational). A new laboratory is presented for the investigation of full-scale building structures up to three storeys high. Die Kombination von Experiment und numerischer Beschreibung innerhalb eines Versuches erlaubt die realitätsnahe Untersuchung annähernd beliebiger Systeme unter dynamischen Beanspruchungen, ohne den extrem hohen Aufwand von Rütteltischen zu erfordern. Durch die Numerik können auch sehr große und komplexe Strukturen mit ihrem Verhalten erfasst werden, wobei sich die versuchsmäßige Untersuchung auf den maßgebenden Teil des Systems – beispielsweise aussteifende Mauerwerkswände – beschränken kann. Insbesondere für Erdbebenbeanspruchung hat sich die Versuchsmethode sehr gut bewährt und es können mehrere Kraft- und Verschiebungsgrößen (horizontal, vertikal, Rotation) synchron behandelt werden. Für die Untersuchung an vollmaßstäblichen Gebäudestrukturen bis zu drei Geschossen wird ein neues Labor vorgestellt. T2 - Hybride Versuche an Mauerwerkskonstruktionen unter Erdbebenbeanspruchung Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/dama.201400625 SN - 1437-1022 SN - 1432-3427 VL - 18 IS - 3-4 SP - 206 EP - 212 PB - Ernst ; WILEY CY - Berlin ; Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Streubühr, C. A1 - Kalus, Annika A1 - Zhou, Ping A1 - Ligges, Manuel A1 - Hanisch-Blicharski, Anja A1 - Kammler, Martin A1 - Bovensiepen, U. A1 - Horn-von Hoegen, Michael A1 - von der Linde, D. T1 - Comparing ultrafast surface and bulk heating using time-resolved electron diffraction JF - Applied Physics Letters N2 - From measurements of the transient Debye-Waller effect in Bismuth, we determine the buildup time of the random atomic motion resulting from the electronic relaxation after short pulse laser excitation. The surface sensitive reflection high energy electron diffraction and transmission electron diffraction yield a time constant of about 12 ps and 3 ps, respectively. The different energy transfer rates indicate relatively weak coupling between bulk and surface vibrational modes. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4872055 VL - 104 SP - 1 EP - 3 PB - American Institute of Physics ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lorenz, Björn T1 - Cardboard Engineering 2.0 JF - Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb : ZWF N2 - Das Material Karton ist in heutigen Fertigungen für die schnelle Umsetzung von Ideen aus einem Kaizen-Prozess ein gängiger Werkstoff. Die Vorgehensweise wird auch als Cardboard Engineering bezeichnet. Aber die Entwicklung geht weiter. Die immer weiter verbreiteten 3D-Drucktechnologien ermöglichen die schnelle Generierung von Vorrichtungen, die deutlich höhere Anforderungen hinsichtlich Präzision, Robustheit und Komplexität erfüllen. KW - 3D-Druck KW - Herstellungssystem KW - Kaizen KW - Karton KW - kontinuierlicher Verbesserungsprozess KW - Kunststoff KW - Losgröße KW - Modellherstellung KW - Montageteil KW - Pappe Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3139/104.111083 VL - 109 IS - 1/2 SP - 26 EP - 28 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ebner, Lena A1 - Elsner, Michael T1 - Thermische Energiespeicher: Wärmespeicherung in Kugelschüttungen. Numerische Simulation der Stromungs-, Warmetransport- und Entstaubungsvorgänge JF - BWK. Das Energie-Fachmagazin N2 - Festbettspeicher bieten die Möglichkeit, thermische Energie auf einem hohen Temperaturniveau zu speichern. Die oft kugelförmigen Schüttgüter bestehen aus Materialien hoher Dichte und Wärmekapazität. Neben der Wärmespeicherung können mithilfe dieser Schüttungen partikelbeladene Abgase entstaubt werden. Die Strömungs-, Wärmetransport- und Entstaubungsvorgänge bei der Speicherung von Wärme in einem Schüttschichtwärmeübertrager werden in Zusammenarbeit mit Fraunhofer Umsicht, Institutsteil Sulzbach-Rosenberg, untersucht. Einen entscheidenden Aspekt der Arbeiten stellt die numerische Simulation der im Wärmeübertrager ablaufenden Vorgänge dar. Die transiente Simulation von Schüttschichtwärmeübertragern ist nur mit Vereinfachungen möglich, da aufgrund der komplexen Geometrie und der daraus folgenden feinen Vernetzung eine enorme Rechenleistung benötigt wird. Bei den in diesem Beitrag vorgestellten Ergebnissen werden die physikalischen Vorgange in einem Ausschnitt der Schüttschicht simuliert, in dem die Kugelgeometrie detailliert modelliert ist. Die Ergebnisse der numerischen Simulation werden durch analytische Berechnungen aus der Literatur bestätigt. Eine Reihe von Parametervariationen zeigen die Einflüsse verschiedener Größen beispielsweise auf den Druckverlust sowie den Unterschied zwischen radialer und axialer Durchströmung einer Schüttschicht. Die Entstaubung partikelbeladener Gase innerhalb einer Schüttschicht wird zunächst anhand einer Einzelkugel untersucht; die Erweiterung auf die Entstaubung in einer Kugelpackung ist vorgesehen. Die Ergebnisse der numerischen Simulationen sollen mit den an einem Versuchsstand experimentell bestimmten Daten verglichen werden. KW - Abgas KW - Druckverlust KW - Durchströmung KW - Entstaubung KW - Festbett KW - hohe Dichte KW - Kugelschüttung KW - numerische Simulation KW - Rechenleistung KW - Schüttgut KW - thermische Energie KW - Wärmekapazität KW - Wärmespeicherung KW - Wärmetransport KW - Wärmeübertrager Y1 - 2014 VL - 66 IS - 9 SP - 40 EP - 43 PB - VDI-Verlag ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mühlbradt, Frank W. A1 - Stummer, Josef T1 - Keine Bedrohung JF - Versicherungswirtschaft Y1 - 2014 IS - 6 SP - 62 EP - 64 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brückl, Oliver A1 - Haslbeck, Matthias A1 - Portner, Olaf A1 - Hinz, Gerhard T1 - Kostenminimaler Netzanschluss einer 8-MW-PV-Anlage mithilfe regelbarer Ortsnetztransformatoren JF - Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen N2 - Die steigende Anzahl der Erzeugungsanlagen (EZA) in den Verteilnetzen zwingt viele Verteilnetzbetreiber zum kostenintensiven Netzausbau. Dabei sind die EZA gemäß EEG am technisch und wirtschaftlich günstigsten Verknüpfungspunkt anzuschließen. Zur Bestimmung dieses Punktes ist ein Vergleich sinnvoller Netzanschlussvarianten durchzuführen. Regelbare Ortsnetztransformatoren (RONT) erweitern seit Kurzem die Netzanschlussmöglichkeiten, auch auf Mittelspannungsebene. Das Beispiel eines Anschlusses für eine 8-MW-PV-Anlage zeigt, dass der optimale Netzanschluss eine Kombination zwischen RONT, Spannungsblindleistungsregelung, Trennstellenverlagerung und Leitungsverstärkung sein kann. In diesem Fall bemerkenswert ist, dass der RONT-Einsatz die Netzanschlusskosten um rd. 60 % gegenüber einer separaten Anbindung am Umspannwerk reduziert. Die Autoren beschreiben eingangs die Problematik hoher Netzausbaukosten beim Anschluss von Photovoltaik-Flächenanlagen. Das Vorgehen der durchgeführten Netzanalyse im konkreten Fall (Abb.: Grafische Darstellung des südlichen MS-Netzes der Stadtwerke Kehlheim mit angedeuteter Einspeiseleistung) und die 6 analysierten Netzanschlussvarianten werden beschrieben und diskutiert (Abb.: Gegenüberstellung der Investitionen der verschiedenen Netzausbauszenarien). Die oben genannte günstigste Anschlussvariante besteht aus folgender Kombination: Verlegung der vorhandenen Netztrennstelle zwischen zwei 20-kV-Stränge; Verstärkung einer bestehenden Freileitungsstrecke über 1 km; Einsatz von maximal 15RONT sowie Spannungsblindleistungsregelung durch die PV-Flächenanlage. KW - Blindleistungsregelung KW - elektrische Energieverteilung KW - Investitionskosten KW - Kostenanalyse KW - Mittelspannung (elektrisch) KW - Netzanschluss KW - Netztransformator KW - Ortsnetz (Energie) KW - Photovoltaikanlage KW - Szenarioanalyse KW - Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung Y1 - 2014 VL - 64 IS - 6 SP - 63 EP - 65 PB - Energiewirtschaft und Technik, Verl.-Ges. CY - Gräfelfing ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Frank T1 - Principles of Business Forecasting JF - Interfaces N2 - In Book Reviews, we review an extensive and diverse range of books. They cover theory and applications in operations research, statistics, management science, econometrics, mathematics, computers, and information systems. In addition, we include books in other fields that emphasize technical applications. The editor will be pleased to receive an e-mail from those willing to review a book, with an indication of specific areas of interest. If you are aware of a specific book that you would like to review, or that you think should be reviewed, please contact the editor. KW - BUSINESS forecasting KW - FILDES KW - Keith KW - NONFICTION KW - ORD KW - PRINCIPLES of Business Forecasting (Book) KW - Robert Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1287/inte.2014.0734 VL - 44 IS - 2 SP - 244 EP - 245 PB - Institute for Operations Research ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Sterner, Michael A1 - Thema, Martin A1 - Eckert, Fabian A1 - Moser, Albert A1 - Schäfer, Andreas A1 - Drees, Tim A1 - Christian Rehtanz, A1 - Ulf Häger, A1 - Kays, Jan A1 - Seack, André A1 - Dirk Uwe Sauer, A1 - Matthias Leuthold, A1 - Philipp Stöcker, T1 - Stromspeicher in der Energiewende - Untersuchung zum Bedarf an neuen Stromspeichern in Deutschland für den Erzeugungsausgleich, Systemdienstleistungen und im Verteilnetz BT - Studie N2 - Wie groß ist der Speicherbedarf in Deutschland in der weiteren Umsetzung der Energiewende? Welche Rolle spielen Batteriespeicher, Pumpspeicher, Power-to-Gas etc. im Kontext anderer Flexibilitätsoptionen auf den verschiedenen Netzebenen? Wie entwickelt sich der Markt für Batterien und Wasserstoff? In unserer Agora-Speicherstudie haben wir auch erstmalig den Begriff Power-to-X definiert und damit die bis dato entstandenen Begriffe Power-to-Gas, Power-to-Liquids, Power-to-Products, Power-to-Chemicals etc. zusammengefasst. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.31804.56964 PB - Agora Energiewende CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Retief, Johan Verster A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Barnardo-Viljoen, Celeste A1 - van der Klashorst, Etienne T1 - Extreme actions and climate change: experience gained in South Africa and Germany JF - Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems N2 - The results of a survey of climate change developments in South Africa and Germany from the perspective of its relevance to extreme actions on infrastructure are presented in this paper. It is concluded that the importance of climate change is broad and varied. However incorporation into practice is mostly nominal. Although general trends of climate change are confirmed, proper information on changes in extreme conditions is limited. Coastal engineering seems to be the field which is most active in providing for climate change. It is concluded that risk-based methodologies developed to treat the variability and uncertainties of extreme actions and consequences in present practice provide a sound basis for treating the effects of climate change in a rational and optimal manner. It is also clear that there is strong motivation for extensive research as the best action to be taken presently, anticipating appropriate adjustment of re-optimised design methodologies. KW - climate change KW - extreme actions KW - infrastructure KW - risk-based methodologies KW - optimised design Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10286608.2014.912640 SN - 1029-0249 SN - 1028-6608 VL - 31 IS - 2 SP - 179 EP - 188 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thor, Andreas A1 - Scherzinger, Stefanie A1 - Specht, Günther T1 - Editorial JF - Datenbank-Spektrum Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13222-014-0162-1 VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 81 EP - 84 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, Stefanie A1 - McCabe, Louise A1 - Law, Shirley T1 - DAS DEMENTIA SERVICE DEVELOPMENT CENTRE dsdc JF - Heilberufe : Das Pflegemagazin KW - Demenz KW - Transfer Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00058-014-1012-0 VL - 66 IS - 10 SP - 27 PB - Springer Medizin CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, Stefanie T1 - Menschen mit Demenz integriert versorgen. Mehr Kompetenz – weniger Überforderung JF - Heilberufe : Das Pflegemagazin N2 - Über geeignete Konzepte zur Versorgung von Menschen mit Demenz haben sich schon viele Fachleute aus Medizin und Pflege die Köpfe zerbrochen. In der Stralsunder Memo Clinic® versucht man, die Betroffenen und ihre Angehörigen in ein Versorgungsmodell einzubinden, das verschiedene Akteure, ambulante und teilstationäre Strukturen sowie Betreutes Wohnen integriert. So gelingt es, Betroffene umfassend zu unterstützen und zu begleiten. Das Modell fordert aber auch die Pflegekräfte heraus. KW - Integrierte Versorgung KW - Demenz KW - Pflege Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00058-014-1012-0 VL - 66 IS - 10 SP - 22 EP - 26 PB - Berlin CY - Springer Medizin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ławrowski, Robert Damian A1 - Langer, Christoph A1 - Prommesberger, Christian A1 - Dams, Florian A1 - Serbun, Pavel A1 - Müller, Günter A1 - Schreiner, Rupert T1 - Spitzen- und Kantenemitter aus Silizium mit einem hohen Aspektverhältnis für Ionisationsgassensoren T2 - Mikrosystemtechnik als Schlüsseltechnologie der Systemintegration : 4. Landshuter Symposium Mikrosystemtechnik ; Tagungsband zum Symposium ; 12./13. März 2014, Hochschule Landshut N2 - Durch die Optimierung von reaktivem Ionenätzen mit induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma ist die Herstellung von verschiedenen Siliziumkathoden mit hoher Anisotropie und hohem Aspektverhältnis für Feldemissionsanwendungen möglich. Simulationen mit COMSOL Multiphysics untermauern das Potential von solchen Spitzen- und Kantenfeldemittern. Die Ergebnisse der Simulation zeigen einen zwei- bis sechsfach höheren Feldüberhöhungsfaktor der tiefgeätzten Strukturen im Vergleich zu identischen Emittern ohne zusätzliche Tiefenätzung. Feldemissionsmessungen bestätigen die Simulationsergebnisse. Der modifizierte Herstellungsprozess der Feldemitter ermöglicht somit einen zuverlässigen Betrieb von Feldemissionselektronenquellen bei kleineren makroskopischen Feldstärken. Außerdem weisen die Messungen des Emissionsstroms im Sättigungsbereich eine weitgehende Unabhängigkeit vom elektrischen Feld auf. Lokale Feldemissionsmessungen ergeben dadurch eine deutliche Stromstabilisierung, welche über große Feldstärkenbereiche konstant bleibt. Die Nutzung der HAR-Emitter (high aspect ratio) ist damit eine gute Voraussetzung für einen zuverlässigen Betrieb der Emissionskathoden bei kleinen Feldstärken für die Anwendung in Ionisationsgassensoren. KW - Emitter KW - Feldelektronenemission KW - Gassensor KW - Herstellung KW - Ionenemission KW - Silicium Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-9812696-5-9 SP - 28 EP - 35 PB - Cluster Mikrosystemtechnik CY - Landshut ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Baumann, Timo T1 - Coordinating Speech Delivery to Gesture Progress for Deictic Expressions with Incremental Speech Synthesis T2 - Proceedings of the Timing in Human-Robot Interaction Workshop held in conjunction with the 9th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI 2014), Bielefeld, 3. March 2014 N2 - This paper presents ongoing work in incremental speech synthesis that enables a system to adapt speech delivery to unforeseen changes in the timing of motor events (e. g. a robot actuator working faster or slower than anticipated) in order to improve the coordination of speech and gestures for deictic expressions. KW - Incremental processing KW - speech synthesis KW - online adaptation KW - Inkrementelle Verarbeitung, KW - Sprachsynthese KW - Zeigegesten KW - Echtzeitadaptierung KW - Sprachverarbeitung Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:18-228-7-1991 UR - https://edoc.sub.uni-hamburg.de/informatik/volltexte/2014/199/pdf/timo_baumann_coordinating_speech_delivery.pdf ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schroll-Decker, Irmgard A1 - Burkard, Klaus T1 - Vom Monopol zum Marktplatz JF - Blätter der Wohlfahrtspflege N2 - Organisationen lernen schneller, wenn sie neben planbaren Lernprozessen auch unplanbare Verbindungen von Menschen, Themen und Information zulassen. Ein traditioneller Ort dieser internen Marktplätze ist beispielsweise die Kaffeeküche, in der Begegnung, Austausch und Meinungsbildung in einfachster Weise erfolgen. Soziale Medien bieten sich als zeitgemäße Weiterentwicklung und für eine spätere Öffnung an. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/0340-8574-2014-3-94 VL - 161 IS - 3 SP - 94 EP - 96 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anderson, Philip T1 - MigrantInnen und die Freizeit T2 - Handbuch Migrationsarbeit N2 - Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit dem Freizeitverständnis und -verhalten von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund. Für ein umfassendes Verständnis des Freizeitverhaltens in der Migration ist es sinnvoll, sich mit kulturbedingten Vorstellungen von der Freizeit zu befassen. In diesem Aufsatz bilden deswegen solche Überlegungen den Einstieg in die Thematik. Eine kurze historische Betrachtung der Rolle der Freizeit für die erste "Gastarbeitergeneration" folgt diesen einleitenden Anmerkungen. Dann werden der Zusammenhang zwischen Schule und Bildung für junge MigrantInnen und der daraus hergeleitete Einfluss auf das Freizeitverhalten sowie auf die Rolle von MigrantInnensportvereinen betrachtet. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-19945-0_22 SP - 229 EP - 240 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Rill, Georg A1 - Schaeffer, Thomas T1 - Grundlagen und Methodik der Mehrkörpersimulation : Vertieft in Matlab-Beispielen, Übungen und Anwendungen N2 - Dieses Lehrbuch vermittelt nicht nur Grundlagen, sondern stellt auch die Methoden der Mehrkörpersimulation anschaulich dar und erläutert an einfachen Beispielen die Vor- und Nachteile bei der praktischen Anwendung. In den Text integrierte Matlab-Skripte und -Funktionen verdeutlichen die einzelnen Methoden und ermöglichen es, Aufwand und Problematik bei der Umsetzung der Theorie innerhalb von Simulationsprogrammen einzuschätzen. Die Modellbildung, die mathematische Beschreibung und die numerische Simulation von Systemen starrer Körper bilden dabei die Schwerpunkte. Konkret behandelte Beispiele sind die Eigendynamik eines Traktors mit gefederter Vorderachse, das Rotorblatt eines Hubschraubers sowie die Vorderachse eines Pkws. Die entsprechenden Matlab-Skripte und Lösungen zu den Übungsaufgaben können auf der Springer-Homepage beim Buch heruntergeladen werden. Der Inhalt Dynamik des starren Körpers - Bewegungsgleichungen - Starre Körper mit elastischen und kinematischen Verbindungselementen - Integrationsverfahren - Rekursiver Algorithmus - Differential-Algebraische Gleichungen - Analyse von Mehrkörpersystemen - Anwendungs- und Übungsbeispiele aus der Technik Die Zielgruppen Studenten des Maschinenbaus, der Elektrotechnik und Mechatronik sowie der Biomechanik an Hochschulen und Universitäten Ingenieure in der Praxis, die sich mit Fragestellungen der Mehrkörpersimulation (MKS) befassen Entwickler aus der Kfz-Technik sowie Fachleute aus F+E Die Autoren Dr.-Ing. Georg Rill ist Professor mit den Lehrgebieten Technische Mechanik, Ingenieurinformatik, Fahrdynamik, Mehrkörperdynamik sowie Laborleiter Fahrdynamik. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Schaeffer ist Professor mit den Lehrgebieten Konstruktion, CAD, Maschinenelemente und Getriebetechnik, Mehrkörpersysteme und Bewegungstechnik sowie Laborleiter Mehrkörpersimulation, beide an der Ostbayerischen Technischen Hochschule (OTH) Regensburg. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06084-8 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stichel, Thomas A1 - Laumer, Tobias A1 - Baumüller, Tobias A1 - Amend, Philipp A1 - Roth, Stephan T1 - Powder Layer Preparation Using Vibration-controlled Capillary Steel Nozzles for Additive Manufacturing JF - Physics Procedia N2 - In this report, the dry delivery of polyamide 12 powders by vibrating capillary steel nozzles is investigated and discussed regarding its potential for powder layer preparation in Laser Beam Melting. Therefore, a setup including a steel nozzle assembled on a piezoelectric actuator is presented, which enables the precise control over very small powder quantities by vibration excitation. An analysis reveals that the mass flow through the nozzle can be adjusted by the vibration modes in a certain range depending on the nozzle's specifications, whereas the vibration modes themselves show a complicated behaviour. Using a positioning system in combination with the vibrating nozzle, single-layer patterns consisting of polyamide 12 are produced and characterized regarding surface homogeneity and selectivity using a laser stripe sensor. KW - additive manufacturing KW - dry powder delivery KW - multi-material deposition KW - polyamide 12 KW - vibrating nozzle Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2014.08.158 SN - 1875-3892 SN - 1875-3884 VL - 56 SP - 157 EP - 166 PB - Elsevier ER -