TY - CHAP A1 - Blahníková, Barbora A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Waas, M. A1 - Lechner, Alfred T1 - Multilyzer - Mikrofluidisches Echtzeitmesssystem für die Analyse umweltrelevanter Substanzen T2 - 7. MikroSystemTechnik Kongress "MEMS, Mikroelektronik, Systeme", 23.-25. Oktober 2017, München N2 - Die übermäßige Verwendung von stickstoffbasierten Düngemitteln in der Landwirtschaft stellt eine Gefährdung für die Umwelt und Lebewesen dar. So ist die Analyse von Boden- und Grundwasser zu einem wesentlichen Bestandteil der Nachhaltigkeit und der ökologischen Erhaltung geworden. Dafür bietet der Multilyzer eine passende Lösung. Der Multilyzer ist ein mikrofluidisches Analysesystem zur Bestimmung niedrigster Konzentrationen von Nitrat, Nitrit und Ammonium, die alle wesentliche Bestandteile des Stickstoffkreislaufs sind. Welche bei Übermäßiger Aufnahme im Körper krebserregend wirken und den Sauerstofftransport im Blutkreislauf stören. Der Aufbau ist eine Kombination aus Absorptions- und Fluoreszenzspektroskopie. Der Betrieb mit einer 12 Volt Batterie ermöglicht die Verwendung des Multilyzer-Systems zur Online-Messung im Feld. Somit können sehr kurze Analysezeiten realisiert und der Einfluss von Umwandlungs- bzw. Abbauprozessen vermieden werden. Das gesamte Messsystem wird im Kompetenzzentrum Nanochem an der OTH Regensburg entwickelt, inklusive Fertigungstechnologien, Software- und Hardwaresteuerung. N2 - Excessive use of nitrogen based fertilizers in agriculture represents an environmental hazard. Thus, analysis of soil water and groundwater has become an essential part of sustainability and ecological preservation. On this account, the Multilyzer provides a suitable solution. The Multilyzer is a microfluidic measuring system for the determination of lowest concentrations of nitrate, nitrite and ammonium, which are essential components of the nitrogen cycle. The measurement combines the principles of absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. As a transportable unit, online measurements can be carried out using a 12 Volts battery power supply. Consequently, the influence of conversion and degradation processes can be avoided. The complete device is developed at the Centre of Excellence Nanochem at OTH Regensburg including fabrication technologies, software and hardware control. T2 - Multilyzer - Microfluidic Online Measuring System for the Analysis of Environmentally Relevant Substances KW - Absorptionsspektroskopie KW - Ammonium KW - Analysensystem KW - Blutkreislauf KW - Bodenwasser KW - Düngemittel KW - Echtzeitsystem KW - Fluoreszenzspektroskopie KW - Messgerät KW - Messsystem KW - Mikrofluidik KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Nitrat KW - Nitrit KW - Online-Messung KW - Programmsteuerung KW - Stickstoff Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-3-8007-4491-6 SP - 382 EP - 385 PB - VDE-Verlag CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mäule, Paul A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter T1 - Correlation of Oil Emissions with Particulate Emissions of Gasoline Engines T2 - Internationales AVL-Forum Abgas- und Partikelemissionen, 20. und 21. Februar 2018, Ludwigsburg N2 - Recent developments in exhaust gas legislation make it necessary to focus the research at the particulate emissions from gasoline engines and technologies for their reduction. In addition to the particulates resulting from the combustion of the fuel, the oil emissions represent another possible source for particulate emissions. This paper presents a measurement method which can be used to quantify stationary as well as dynamic oil emissions of gasoline engines. Furthermore, the correlation between the oil emissions and the particulate emissions is the focus of the investigations. Conventional methods for the determination of the oil emissions, such as the gravimetric and the volumetric measurement, are unsuitable since they require long engine operation times to provide useful results. These methods therefore do not allow a fast online measurements during the dynamic operation. For this reason, a new measuring method was used, which allows for a time-resolved online measurement of the oil emissions. This measurement method is based on the sulfur tracer method, which uses the sulfur that is naturally contained in the engine oil as a tracer. The sulfur concentration in the exhaust gas is determined by using an Ion-Molecule-Reaction mass spectrometer. The determination of the particulate emissions corresponds to the PMP regulation. The studies carried out under steady state and dynamic conditions show a clear correlation between the oil consumption and the number of particulates in the exhaust gas. In the case of the dynamic measurements it could also be shown that time-resolved measurements of the oil consumption are possible with the used measurement setup. In addition, it was shown that the number of particulates does not influence the measurement of the SO2-concentration. Furthermore, the different effects of burned and unburned oil emissions have been evaluated by the dosing of the oil into the exhaust gas. The overall conclusion of the measurements shows a strong influence of the oil emissions on the particulate emissions. Therefore, it is crucial to reduce the oil emissions. Possible approaches for this reduction can be improved turbocharger sealing concepts, new piston ring designs or more efficient oil separators for the crankcase ventilation system. KW - Auspuffgas KW - Benzinmotor KW - dynamisches Messen KW - Kraftstoff KW - Maschinenbetrieb KW - Massenspektrometer KW - Messmethode KW - Messtechnik KW - Motorenöl KW - Ölverbrauch KW - Online-Messung KW - Partikelemission KW - Schwefel KW - Tracer-Technik KW - Volumenmessung KW - Zeitmessung Y1 - 2018 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - AVL Deutschland CY - Mainz ER -