<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>3164</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>10</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>6</issue>
    <volume>13</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>PLOS</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Life span of different extracorporeal membrane systems for severe respiratory failure in the clinical practice</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Over the past decade, veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vvECMO) has been increasingly utilized in respiratory failure in patients. This study presents our institution´s experience focusing on the life span of ECMO systems reflecting the performance of a particular system. A retrospective review of our ECMO database identified 461 adult patients undergoing vvECMO (2010-2017). Patients that required more than one system and survived the first exchange &gt;24 hours (n = 139) were included. Life span until the first exchange and exchange criteria were analyzed for all systems (PLS, Cardiohelp HLS-set, both Maquet Cardiopulmonary, Rastatt, Germany; Deltastream/Hilite7000LT, iLA-activve, Xenios/NovaLung, Heilbronn, Germany; ECC.O5, LivaNova, Mirandola, Italy). At our ECMO center, the frequency of a system exchange was 30%. The median (IQR) life span was 9 (6-12) days. There was no difference regarding the different systems (p = 0.145 and p = 0.108, respectively). However, the Deltastream systems were exchanged more frequently due to elective technical complications (e. g. worsened gas transfer, development of coagulation disorder, increased bleedings complications) compared to the other exchanged systems (p = 0.013). In summary, the used ECMO systems are safe and effective for acute respiratory failure. There is no evidence for the usage of a specific system. Only the increased predictability of an imminent exchange preferred the usage of a Deltastream system. However, the decision to use a particular system should not depend solely on the possible criteria for an exchange.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">PLOS ONE</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0198392</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2022-03-17T06:33:09+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.user">importuser</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Alois Philipp</author>
    <author>Filip de Somer</author>
    <author>Maik Foltan</author>
    <author>Andre Bredthauer</author>
    <author>Lars Krenkel</author>
    <author>Florian Zeman</author>
    <author>Karla Lehle</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Equipment Failure Analysis/statistics &amp; numerical data</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/instrumentation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Membrane/classification/standards/statistics &amp; numerical data</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Primary Health Care/statistics &amp; numerical data</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Retrospective Studies</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Severity of Illness Index</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Time factors</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>THROMBOTIC DEPOSITS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ECMO SYSTEMS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Flow</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>OXYGENATION</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="610">Medizin und Gesundheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FAKMB">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="RCBE">Regensburg Center of Biomedical Engineering - RCBE</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Gold Open Access- Erstveröffentlichung in einem/als Open-Access-Medium</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16314">Lebenswissenschaften und Ethik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Labor Biofluidmechanik</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="krenkellbfmpub">Krenkel, Lars (Prof. Dr.), Publikationen - Labor Biofluidmechanik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>3302</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>192</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>200</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>12</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Bentham</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Controllable Magnetoactive Polymer Conduit</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Objective: &#13;
Magneto-active Polymers (MAP) are smart materials whose mechanical characteristics, such as elastic and shear moduli, may be controllable by means of an externally applied magnetic field.&#13;
&#13;
Methods: &#13;
Various additives may be used to influence the characteristics of the polymer matrix whilst a suspension of soft and/or hard magnetic particles determine the magnetic properties of the composite. Both pre-cure and post-cure magnetization is possible.&#13;
&#13;
Results:&#13;
A range of control strategies have been investigated for evaluation of the system using fluids of differing kinematic viscosity.&#13;
&#13;
Conclusion: &#13;
Depending on the degree of magnetic field homogeneity, magneto-deformation and magnetostriction contribute to MAP actuation. This paper presents a novel application in the form of a peristaltic MAP tube system, applicable to flow control and pumping of hemorheological fluids in blood circulatory systems for biomedical research purposes.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">The Open Mechanical Engineering Journal</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.benthamopen.com/ABSTRACT/TOMEJ-12-192</identifier>
    <note>Corresponding authro: Gareth J. Monkman</note>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2022-03-29T06:25:40+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.user">importuser</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Andreas Diermeier</author>
    <author>Dirk Sindersberger</author>
    <author>Lars Krenkel</author>
    <author>X. C. Rosell</author>
    <author>Gareth J. Monkman</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FAKMB">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Gold Open Access- Erstveröffentlichung in einem/als Open-Access-Medium</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16312">Energie und Mobilität</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Corresponding author der OTH Regensburg</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Labor Biofluidmechanik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Mechatronics Research Unit (MRU)</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="krenkellbfmpub">Krenkel, Lars (Prof. Dr.), Publikationen - Labor Biofluidmechanik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2457</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>283</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>289</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>30</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>IOS Press</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">2D numerical investigations derived from a 3D dragonfly wing captured with a high-resolution micro-CT</title>
    <abstract language="eng">BACKGROUND: &#13;
Due to their corrugated profile, dragonfly wings have special aerodynamic characteristics during flying and gliding. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to create a realistic 3D model of a dragonfly wing captured with a high-resolution micro-CT. To represent geometry changes in span and chord length and their aerodynamic effects, numerical investigations are carried out at different wing positions. METHODS: &#13;
The forewing of a Camacinia gigantea was captured using a micro-CT. After the wing was adapted an error-free 3D model resulted. The wing was cut every 5 mm and 2D numerical analyses were conducted in Fluent® 2020 R2 (ANSYS, Inc., Canonsburg, PA, USA). RESULTS: The highest lift coefficient, as well as the highest lift-to-drag ratio, resulted at 0 mm and an angle of attack (AOA) of 5∘. At AOAs of 10∘ or 15∘, the flow around the wing stalled and a Kármán vortex street behind the wing becomes&#13;
CONCLUSIONS:&#13;
The velocity is higher on the upper side of the wing compared to the lower side. The pressure acts vice versa. Due to the recirculation zones that are formed in valleys of the corrugation pattern the wing resembles the form of an airfoil.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Technology and health care : official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3233/THC-219010</identifier>
    <note>Corresponding author: Vera Stelzer</note>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2022-01-21T08:21:02+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.user">importuser</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="ConferenceStatement">Selected Papers From the 13th International Conference BIOMDLORE 2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Vera Stelzer</author>
    <author>Lars Krenkel</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>aerodynamics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>computational fluid dynamics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Dragonfly wing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>gliding flight</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>insect flight</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FAKMB">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="RCBE">Regensburg Center of Biomedical Engineering - RCBE</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="RCHST">Regensburg Center of Health Sciences and Technology - RCHST</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16314">Lebenswissenschaften und Ethik</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Hybrid Open Access - OA-Veröffentlichung in einer Subskriptionszeitschrift/-medium</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Corresponding author der OTH Regensburg</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Labor Biofluidmechanik</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="krenkellbfmpub">Krenkel, Lars (Prof. Dr.), Publikationen - Labor Biofluidmechanik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2598</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>10</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Nature</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Resting motor threshold and magnetic field output of the figure-of-8 and the double-cone coil</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The use of the double-cone (DC) coil in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is promoted with the notion that the DC coil enables stimulation of deeper brain areas in contrast to conventional figure-of-8 (Fo8) coils. However, systematic comparisons of these two coil types with respect to the spatial distribution of the magnetic field output and also to the induced activity in superficial and deeper brain areas are limited. Resting motor thresholds of the left and right first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and tibialis anterior (TA) were determined with the DC and the Fo8 coil in 17 healthy subjects. Coils were orientated over the corresponding motor area in an angle of 45 degrees for the hand area with the handle pointing in posterior direction and in medio-lateral direction for the leg area. Physical measurements were done with an automatic gantry table using a Gaussmeter. Resting motor threshold was higher for the leg area in contrast to the hand area and for the Fo8 in contrast to the DC coil. Muscle by coil interaction was also significant providing higher differences between leg and hand area for the Fo8 (about 27%) in contrast to the DC coil (about 15%). Magnetic field strength was higher for the DC coil in contrast to the Fo8 coil. The DC coil produces a higher magnetic field with higher depth of penetration than the figure of eight coil.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">scientific reports</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1038/s41598-020-58034-2</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2022-01-27T15:33:58+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.user">importuser</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Martin Schecklmann</author>
    <author>Maximilian Schmausser</author>
    <author>Felix Klinger</author>
    <author>Peter M. Kreuzer</author>
    <author>Lars Krenkel</author>
    <author>Berthold Langguth</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CONNECTIVITY</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Depression</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>FRONTAL-CORTEX</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>PREDICTOR</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>RTMS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>STIMULATION</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>TMS</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FAKMB">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="RCBE">Regensburg Center of Biomedical Engineering - RCBE</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="RCHST">Regensburg Center of Health Sciences and Technology - RCHST</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16314">Lebenswissenschaften und Ethik</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Hybrid Open Access - OA-Veröffentlichung in einer Subskriptionszeitschrift/-medium</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Labor Biofluidmechanik</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="krenkellbfmpub">Krenkel, Lars (Prof. Dr.), Publikationen - Labor Biofluidmechanik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>6482</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>12</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>18</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>PAGEPress</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Pavia, Italy</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Experimental studies and mathematical modeling of the viscoelastic rheology of tracheobronchial mucus from respiratory healthy patients</title>
    <abstract language="deu">BACKGROUND: &#13;
Tracheobronchial mucus plays a crucial role in pulmonary function by providing protection against inhaled pathogens. Due to its composition of water, mucins, and other biomolecules, it has a complex viscoelastic rheological behavior. This interplay of both viscous and elastic properties has not been fully described yet. In this study, we characterize the rheology of human mucus using oscillatory and transient tests. Based on the transient tests, we describe the material behavior of mucus under stress and strain loading by mathematical models. &#13;
METHODS: &#13;
Mucus samples were collected from clinically used endotracheal tubes. For rheological characterization, oscillatory amplitude-sweep and frequency-sweep tests, and transient creep-recovery and stress-relaxation tests were performed. The results of the transient test were approximated using the Burgers model, the Weibull distribution, and the six-element Maxwell model. The three-dimensional microstructure of the tracheobronchial mucus was visualized using scanning electron microscope imaging.&#13;
RESULTS: &#13;
Amplitude-sweep tests showed storage moduli ranging from 0.1 Pa to 10000 Pa and a median critical strain of 4 %. In frequency-sweep tests, storage and loss moduli increased with frequency, with the median of the storage modulus ranging from 10 Pa to 30 Pa, and the median of the loss modulus from 5 Pa to 14 Pa. The Burgers model approximates the viscoelastic behavior of tracheobronchial mucus during a constant load of stress appropriately (R2 of 0.99), and the Weibull distribution is suitable to predict the recovery of the sample after the removal of this stress (R2 of 0.99). The approximation of the stress-relaxation test data by a six-element Maxwell model shows a larger fit error (R2 of 0.91).&#13;
CONCLUSIONS: &#13;
This study provides a detailed description of all process steps of characterizing the rheology of tracheobronchial mucus, including sample collection, microstructure visualization, and rheological investigation. Based on this characterization, we provide mathematical models of the rheological behavior of tracheobronchial mucus. These can now be used to simulate mucus flow in the respiratory system through numerical approaches.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.4081/mrm.2023.923</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2049-6958</identifier>
    <identifier type="pmid">37908973</identifier>
    <note>Corresponding author: Sandra Melina Tauwald</note>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="CorrespondingAuthor">Sandra Melina Tauwald</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-ND - Namensnennung - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Sandra Melina Tauwald</author>
    <author>Johanna Michel</author>
    <author>Marie Brandt</author>
    <author>Veronika Vielsmeier</author>
    <author>Christian Stemmer</author>
    <author>Lars Krenkel</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>tracheobronchial mucus</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>rheological model</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>viscoelasticity</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FAKMB">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="RCBE">Regensburg Center of Biomedical Engineering - RCBE</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="RCHST">Regensburg Center of Health Sciences and Technology - RCHST</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Gold Open Access- Erstveröffentlichung in einem/als Open-Access-Medium</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16314">Lebenswissenschaften und Ethik</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Corresponding author der OTH Regensburg</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Labor Biofluidmechanik</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="krenkellbfmpub">Krenkel, Lars (Prof. Dr.), Publikationen - Labor Biofluidmechanik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>5803</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>922</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>928</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>8</issue>
    <volume>66</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2023-02-13</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Analysis of Thrombotic Deposits in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenators by High-resolution Microcomputed Tomography: A Feasibility Study</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Coagulative disorders, especially clotting during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, are frequent complications. Direct visualization and analysis of deposits in membrane oxygenators using computed tomography (CT) may provide an insight into the underlying mechanisms causing thrombotic events. However, the already established multidetector CT1 (MDCT) method shows major limitations. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of applying industrial micro-CT (μCT) to circumvent these restrictions. Three clinically used membrane oxygenators were investigated applying both MDCT and μCT.&#13;
The scans were analyzed in terms of clot volume and local clot distribution. As validation, the clot volume was also determined from the fluid volume, which could be filled into the respective used oxygenator compared to a new device. In addition, cross-sectional CT images were compared with crosscut oxygenators. Based on the μCT findings, a morphological measure (sphericity) for assessing clot structures in membrane oxygenators is introduced. Furthermore, by comparing MDCT and μCT results, an augmentation of the MDCT method is proposed, which allows for improved clot volume determination in a clinical setting.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">ASAIO Journal / American Society for Artificial Internal Organs</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1097/MAT.0000000000001089</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1538-943X</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Clemens Birkenmaier</author>
    <author>Christian Dornia</author>
    <author>Karla Lehle</author>
    <author>Thomas Müller</author>
    <author>Michael Gruber</author>
    <author>Alois Philipp</author>
    <author>Lars Krenkel</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FAKMB">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="RCBE">Regensburg Center of Biomedical Engineering - RCBE</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16314">Lebenswissenschaften und Ethik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Labor Biofluidmechanik</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="krenkellbfmpub">Krenkel, Lars (Prof. Dr.), Publikationen - Labor Biofluidmechanik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>6744</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1720</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>1731</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>11</issue>
    <volume>47</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Clinical relevance of cell-free DNA during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation</title>
    <abstract language="eng">BACKGROUND: Thrombosis remains a critical complication during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO). The involvement of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in thrombogenesis has to be discussed. The aim was to verify NETs in the form of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the plasma of patients during ECMO. &#13;
&#13;
METHODS: A fluorescent DNA-binding dye (QuantifFluor®, Promega) was used to detect cell-free DNA in plasma samples. cfDNA concentrations from volunteers (n = 21) and patients (n = 9) were compared and correlated with clinical/technical data before/during support, ECMO end and time of a system exchange. &#13;
&#13;
RESULTS: Before ECMO, patients with a median (IQR) age of 59 (51/63) years, SOFA score of 11 (10/15), and ECMO run time of 9.0 (7.0/19.5) days presented significantly higher levels of cfDNA compared to volunteers (6.4 (5.8/7.9) ng/μL vs. 5.9 (5.4/6.3) ng/μL; p = 0.044). Within 2 days after ECMO start, cfDNA, inflammatory, and hemolysis parameters remained unchanged, while platelets decreased (p = 0.005). After ECMO removal at the end of therapy, cfDNA, inflammation, and coagulation data (except antithrombin III) remained unchanged. The renewal of a system resulted in known alterations in fibrinogen, d-dimers, and platelets, while cfDNA remained unchanged. &#13;
&#13;
CONCLUSION: Detection of cfDNA in plasma of ECMO patients was not an indicator of acute and circuit-induced thrombogenesis.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Artificial organs</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1111/aor.14616</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1525-1594</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2023-11-20T07:29:48+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.user">importuser</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Maximilian P. Lingel</author>
    <author>Moritz Haus</author>
    <author>Lukas Paschke</author>
    <author>Maik Foltan</author>
    <author>Matthias Lubnow</author>
    <author>Michael Gruber</author>
    <author>Lars Krenkel</author>
    <author>Karla Lehle</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>blood</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>cell- free DNA</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>coagulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ECMO</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>inflammation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>neutrophil extracellular traps</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FAKMB">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="RCBE">Regensburg Center of Biomedical Engineering - RCBE</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="RCHST">Regensburg Center of Health Sciences and Technology - RCHST</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16314">Lebenswissenschaften und Ethik</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Hybrid Open Access - OA-Veröffentlichung in einer Subskriptionszeitschrift/-medium</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Labor Biofluidmechanik</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="krenkellbfmpub">Krenkel, Lars (Prof. Dr.), Publikationen - Labor Biofluidmechanik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>7930</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Incidence of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in different membrane oxygenators: pilot in vitro experiments in commercially available coated membranes</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were detected in blood samples and in cellular deposits of oxygenator membranes during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy and may be responsible for thrombogenesis. The aim was to evaluate the effect of the base material of gas fiber (GF, polymethylpentene) and heat exchange (HE) membranes and different antithrombogenic coatings on isolated granulocytes from healthy volunteers under static culture conditions. Contact of granulocytes with membranes from different ECMO oxygenators (with different surface coatings) and uncoated-GFs allowed detection of adherent cells and NETotic nuclear structures (normal, swollen, ruptured) using nuclear staining. Flow cytometry was used to identify cell activation (CD11b/CD62L, oxidative burst) of non-adherent cells. Uncoated-GFs were used as a reference. Within 3 h, granulocytes adhered to the same extent on all surfaces. In contrast, the ratio of normal to NETotic cells was significantly higher for uncoated-GFs (56-83%) compared to all coated GFs (34-72%) (p &lt; 0.001) with no difference between the coatings. After material contact, non-adherent cells remained vital with unchanged oxidative burst function and the proportion of activated cells remained low. The expression of activation markers was independent of the origin of the GF material. In conclusion, the polymethylpentene surfaces of the GFs already induce NET formation. Antithrombogenic coatings can already reduce the proportion of NETotic nuclei. However, it cannot be ruled out that NET formation can induce thrombotic events. Therefore, new surfaces or coatings are required for future ECMO systems and long-term implantable artificial lungs.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of artificial organs : the official journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Organs</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s10047-024-01486-4</identifier>
    <identifier type="pmid">39775204</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2025-01-20T09:16:32+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.user">importuser</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Maik Foltan</author>
    <author>D. Dinh</author>
    <author>Michael Gruber</author>
    <author>Thomas Müller</author>
    <author>C. Hart</author>
    <author>Lars Krenkel</author>
    <author>C. Schmid</author>
    <author>Karla Lehle</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FAKMB">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="RCBE">Regensburg Center of Biomedical Engineering - RCBE</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="RCHST">Regensburg Center of Health Sciences and Technology - RCHST</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16314">Lebenswissenschaften und Ethik</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Hybrid Open Access - OA-Veröffentlichung in einer Subskriptionszeitschrift/-medium</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Labor Biofluidmechanik</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="krenkellbfmpub">Krenkel, Lars (Prof. Dr.), Publikationen - Labor Biofluidmechanik</collection>
    <collection role="DFGFachsystematik" number="1">Ingenieurwissenschaften</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>8030</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>April 03</issue>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wolters Kluwer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Clinical Relevance of Platelet-Leukocyte Aggregates and Platelet P-Selectin Expression During Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Thrombosis continues to be a significant complication during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO). Platelet activation markers might serve as indicators of inflammation and thrombogenesis. The aim was to identify these markers in ECMO patients. Blood from 10 ECMO patients (before, during, after ECMO) and 11 healthy volunteers were collected to determine platelet-neutrophil-aggregates (PNAs), platelet-monocyte-aggregates (PMAs), fibrinogen-binding, and P-selectin-expression on platelets by flow cytometry. Critical illness was associated with significantly elevated levels of PNAs and PMAs, increased P-selectin expression, reduced fibrinogen-binding, and restricted activation of platelets. Although PNAs and PMAs decreased significantly within 2 hours after the initiation of ECMO and remained at those levels, ECMO did not affect basal P-selectin expression and fibrinogen-binding. These results correlated with coagulation activation. Platelet markers before ECMO were not indicators for an imminent system exchange and end of therapy. In conclusion, platelet dysfunction during ECMO was mainly attributed to the critical illness. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support strengthened the restricted response of platelets to exogenous agonists (P-selectin). Furthermore, a decrease in PNAs/PMAs after ECMO started identified a reduced inflammatory response. There was no correlation of analyzed platelet parameters with the incidence of thrombotic complications.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">ASAIO Journal</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1058-2916</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1097/MAT.0000000000002421</identifier>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Lukas Paschke</author>
    <author>Maik Foltan</author>
    <author>Maria S. Wagner</author>
    <author>Matthias Lubnow</author>
    <author>Michael Gruber</author>
    <author>Lars Krenkel</author>
    <author>Karla Lehle</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FAKMB">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16314">Lebenswissenschaften und Ethik</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Hybrid Open Access - OA-Veröffentlichung in einer Subskriptionszeitschrift/-medium</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="krenkellbfmpub">Krenkel, Lars (Prof. Dr.), Publikationen - Labor Biofluidmechanik</collection>
    <collection role="DFGFachsystematik" number="1">Ingenieurwissenschaften</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>5790</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1065</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>1076</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>11</issue>
    <volume>43</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Hoboken</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2023-02-13</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Accumulations of von Willebrand factor within ECMO oxygenators: Potential indicator of coagulation abnormalities in critically ill patients?</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Clot formation within membrane oxygenators (MOs) remains a critical problem during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The composition of the clots-in particular, the presence of von Willebrand factor (vWF)-may be an indicator for prevalent nonphysiological flow conditions, foreign body reactions, or coagulation abnormalities in critically ill patients. Mats of interwoven gas exchange fibers from randomly collected MOs (PLS, Maquet, Rastatt, Germany) of 21 patients were stained with antibodies (anti-vWF and anti-P-selectin) and counterstained with 4 ',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. The extent of vWF-loading was correlated with patient and technical data. While 12 MOs showed low vWF-loadings, 9 MOs showed high vWF-loading with highest accumulations close to crossing points of adjacent gas fibers. The presence and the extent of vWF-fibers/"cobwebs," leukocytes, platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLAs), and P-selectin-positive platelet aggregates were independent of the extent of vWF-loading. However, the highly loaded MOs were obtained from patients with a significantly elevated SOFA score, severe thrombocytopenia, and persistent liver dysfunction. The coagulation abnormalities of these critically ill patients may cause an accumulation of the highly thrombogenic and elongated high-molecular-weight vWF multimers in the plasma which will be trapped in the MOs during the ECMO therapy.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Artificial Organs</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1111/aor.13513</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1525-1594</identifier>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Tamara Steiger</author>
    <author>Maik Foltan</author>
    <author>Alois Philipp</author>
    <author>Thomas Müller</author>
    <author>Michael Gruber</author>
    <author>Andre Bredthauer</author>
    <author>Lars Krenkel</author>
    <author>Clemens Birkenmaier</author>
    <author>Karla Lehle</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ECMO</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>PLATELET ACTIVATION</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>THROMBOSIS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>BLOOD FLOW</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>INFLAMMATION</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="6">Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FAKMB">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="RCBE">Regensburg Center of Biomedical Engineering - RCBE</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16314">Lebenswissenschaften und Ethik</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Hybrid Open Access - OA-Veröffentlichung in einer Subskriptionszeitschrift/-medium</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Labor Biofluidmechanik</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="krenkellbfmpub">Krenkel, Lars (Prof. Dr.), Publikationen - Labor Biofluidmechanik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>8155</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>14</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>167</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>2025-03-03</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Fast simulation of hemodynamics in intracranial aneurysms for clinical use</title>
    <abstract language="eng">BACKGROUND: A widely accepted tool to assess hemodynamics, one of the most important factors in aneurysm pathophysiology, is Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). As current workflows are still time consuming and difficult to operate, CFD is not yet a standard tool in the clinical setting. There it could provide valuable information on aneurysm treatment, especially regarding local risks of rupture, which might help to optimize the individualized strategy of neurosurgical dissection during microsurgical aneurysm clipping.&#13;
METHOD: We established and validated a semi-automated workflow using 3D rotational angiographies of 24 intracranial aneurysms from patients having received aneurysm treatment at our centre. Reconstruction of vessel geometry and generation of volume meshes was performed using AMIRA 6.2.0 and ICEM 17.1. For solving ANSYS CFX was used. For validational checks, tests regarding the volumetric impact of smoothing operations, the impact of mesh sizes on the results (grid convergence), geometric mesh quality and time tests for the time needed to perform the workflow were conducted in subgroups.&#13;
RESULTS: Most of the steps of the workflow were performed directly on the 3D images requiring no programming experience. The workflow led to final CFD results in a mean time of 22 min 51.4 s (95%-CI 20 min 51.562 s-24 min 51.238 s, n = 5). Volume of the geometries after pre-processing was in mean 4.46% higher than before in the analysed subgroup (95%-CI 3.43-5.50%). Regarding mesh sizes, mean relative aberrations of 2.30% (95%-CI 1.51-3.09%) were found for surface meshes and between 1.40% (95%-CI 1.07-1.72%) and 2.61% (95%-CI 1.93-3.29%) for volume meshes. Acceptable geometric mesh quality of volume meshes was found.&#13;
CONCLUSIONS: We developed a semi-automated workflow for aneurysm CFD to benefit from hemodynamic data in the clinical setting. The ease of handling opens the workflow to clinicians untrained in programming. As previous studies have found that the distribution of hemodynamic parameters correlates with thin-walled aneurysm areas susceptible to rupture, these data might be beneficial for the operating neurosurgeon during aneurysm surgery, even in acute cases.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Acta Neurochirurgica</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s00701-025-06469-9</identifier>
    <identifier type="pmid">40029490</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2025-06-03T21:32:12+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.user">importuser</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Daniel Deuter</author>
    <author>Amer Haj</author>
    <author>Alexander Brawanski</author>
    <author>Lars Krenkel</author>
    <author>Nils Ole Schmidt</author>
    <author>Christian Doenitz</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FAKMB">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="RCBE">Regensburg Center of Biomedical Engineering - RCBE</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="RCHST">Regensburg Center of Health Sciences and Technology - RCHST</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16314">Lebenswissenschaften und Ethik</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Hybrid Open Access - OA-Veröffentlichung in einer Subskriptionszeitschrift/-medium</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Labor Biofluidmechanik</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="krenkellbfmpub">Krenkel, Lars (Prof. Dr.), Publikationen - Labor Biofluidmechanik</collection>
    <collection role="DFGFachsystematik" number="1">Ingenieurwissenschaften</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>7946</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wolters Kluwer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Thrombocytopenia During Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Adult Patients With Bacterial, Viral, and COVID-19 Pneumonia</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Contact of blood with artificial surfaces triggers platelet activation. The aim was to compare platelet kinetics after venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) start and after system exchange in different etiologies of acute lung failure. Platelet counts and coagulation parameters were analyzed from adult patients with long and exchange-free (≥8 days) ECMO runs (n = 330) caused by bacterial (n = 142), viral (n = 76), or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (n = 112) pneumonia. A subpopulation requiring a system exchange and with long, exchange-free runs of the second oxygenator (≥7 days) (n = 110) was analyzed analogously. Patients with COVID-19 showed the highest platelet levels before ECMO implantation. Independent of the underlying disease and ECMO type, platelet counts decreased significantly within 24 hours and reached a steady state after 5 days. In the subpopulation, at the day of a system exchange, platelet counts were lower compared with ECMO start, but without differences between underlying diseases. Subsequently, platelets remained unchanged in the bacterial pneumonia group, but increased in the COVID-19 and viral pneumonia groups within 2–4 days, whereas D-dimers decreased and fibrinogen levels increased. Thus, overall platelet counts on V-V ECMO show disease-specific initial dynamics followed by an ongoing consumption by the ECMO device, which is not boosted by new artificial surfaces after a system exchange.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">ASAIO Journal</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1058-2916</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1097/MAT.0000000000002383</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1538-943X</identifier>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Karla Lehle</author>
    <author>Alois Philipp</author>
    <author>Lars Krenkel</author>
    <author>Michael Gruber</author>
    <author>Karl-Anton Hiller</author>
    <author>Thomas Müller</author>
    <author>Matthias Lubnow</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FAKMB">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="RCBE">Regensburg Center of Biomedical Engineering - RCBE</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Gold Open Access- Erstveröffentlichung in einem/als Open-Access-Medium</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16314">Lebenswissenschaften und Ethik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Labor Biofluidmechanik</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="krenkellbfmpub">Krenkel, Lars (Prof. Dr.), Publikationen - Labor Biofluidmechanik</collection>
    <collection role="DFGFachsystematik" number="1">Ingenieurwissenschaften</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>8857</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2026</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>21</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>13</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Frontiers</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Lausanne</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Polymer embedding of membrane lungs for histological investigations of intra-device clot formation</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an invasive but potentially lifesaving treatment option for severe cardiac or respiratory failure. Despite its beneficial effect, coagulation-related complications, mainly due to clot formation, excessive bleeding and the accumulation of deposits in the membrane lung (ML) remain common, causing higher mortality. In this context, the formation of clots and other deposits in the ML is of particular interest. Previous histological examinations of the polymethylpentene fiber mats inside the ML could only be performed in a top view, prohibiting valid quantification and examination of the multi-layered deposits or fiber mat spanning structures. Our objective was the establishment of a polymer embedding to increase the mechanical stability of the deposits and thus enable cross-sectional microtome cutting through the ML hollow-fibers. Clinically used MLs (PLS, Getinge, Rastatt, Germany) were stabilized with a polymer resin (HistoCURE 8100). Specimens were cut out of the embedded MLs and microtome sections with a thickness of 10 µm were performed. In addition to standard histological staining with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Pappenheim (May-Grunwald-Giemsa), fluorescence DNA staining for nucleated cells with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and SYTOX™ Green as well as immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining for the lysosomal enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) were established. The protocol provides a method for large volume embedding (400 mL). The cellular and extracellular deposits were securely fixed by the polymer scaffold allowing the examination of clots in MLs in native position which was not possible with conventional paraffin embedding. Multi-layered deposits and fiber mat spanning structures are no longer disrupted during specimen extraction and can now be quantified. Staining with HE, Pappenheim, DAPI, SYTOX™ Green, MPO, and vWF was successfully tested with this protocol. This method may be the foundation for new insights into the complex clotting phenomena observed in MLs</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Cardiovascular Medicine</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3389/fcvm.2026.1650978</identifier>
    <enrichment key="Kostentraeger">Labor für Biofluidmechanik</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="CorrespondingAuthor">Lars Krenkel</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Michael Kranz</author>
    <author>Maria Stella Wagner</author>
    <author>Daniel Pointner</author>
    <author>Moritz Haus</author>
    <author>Matthias Lubnow</author>
    <author>Karla Lehle</author>
    <author>Lars Krenkel</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>clot formation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ECMO</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>HistoCURE 8100</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>histology</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>membrane lungs</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>polymer embedding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Technovit 8100</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FAKMB">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Gold Open Access- Erstveröffentlichung in einem/als Open-Access-Medium</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="krenkellbfmpub">Krenkel, Lars (Prof. Dr.), Publikationen - Labor Biofluidmechanik</collection>
    <collection role="DFGFachsystematik" number="1">Ingenieurwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="">Gesundheit und Soziales</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>8912</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2026</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>125</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>134</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Cham</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">High-Resolution Flow Investigations in Membrane-Lungs for Understanding Shear-Induced Blood Clot Formation</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Complex blood flow phenomena in membrane lungs (MLs) play a crucial role in intra-device clot formation and the occurrence of thromboembolic events. At present, however, the local flow conditions within an ML are not yet sufficiently known. The aim was to gain a deeper understanding of local flow regimes inside MLs by performing highly resolved computational fluid dynamics (CFD) of generic and native fiber mat bundles. Straight cylinders with a diameter of 380 μm in parallel arrangement were the foundation of the generic model. For validation, a method for reconstructing a native geometry from a microcomputed tomography (μCT) scan was established, with both models used for CFD. While the generic model showed a symmetrical flow regime without indicating any pathological flow, the native model did show an irregular fiber arrangement and no symmetrical flow regime. In conclusion, the fiber arrangement significantly affects the local flow regimes inside MLs.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">New Results in Numerical and Experimental Fluid Mechanics XV : Contributions to the 24th STAB/DGLR Symposium, Regensburg, Germany, 2024</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/978-3-032-11115-9_12</identifier>
    <enrichment key="Kostentraeger">DFG SPP 2024 "Towards an Implantable Lung"</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Michael Kranz</author>
    <author>Daniel Pointner</author>
    <author>Maria Stella Wagner</author>
    <author>Matthias Lubnow</author>
    <author>Karla Lehle</author>
    <author>Lars Krenkel</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CFD</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ECMO</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>membrane lung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ML</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>µCT</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="RCBE">Regensburg Center of Biomedical Engineering - RCBE</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="krenkellbfmpub">Krenkel, Lars (Prof. Dr.), Publikationen - Labor Biofluidmechanik</collection>
    <collection role="DFGFachsystematik" number="1">Ingenieurwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="">Gesundheit und Soziales</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>9043</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2026</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>18</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>6</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Frontiers</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Automated deep learning based detection of cellular deposits on clinically used ECMO membrane lungs</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Introduction:&#13;
&#13;
Despite the promising application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the treatment of critically ill patients, coagulation-associated technical complications, primarily clot formation and critical bleeding, remain a major challenge during ECMO therapy. The deposition of nucleated cells on the surface has been shown, yet the role of these cells towards complication development is still matter of ongoing research. In particular, the membrane lung (MemL) is prone to clot formation. Therefore, the investigation of nuclear deposits on its hollow-fibers may provide insights for a better understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in the development of ECMO complications.&#13;
&#13;
Methods:&#13;
&#13;
To support current research, this study aimed to develop a deep learning–based tool for the automated detection and quantitative analysis of nuclear depositions on MemL hollow-fiber mats. A customized fluorescence microscopy workflow, combined with a semi-automated iterative labeling strategy, was used to generate a high-quality dataset for model training.&#13;
&#13;
Results:&#13;
&#13;
Six configurations of instance segmentation models were evaluated, with a Mask R-CNN with ResNet 101 backbone using dilated convolution providing the most balanced performance in both nuclei count and area accuracy. Compared with U-Net–based approaches such as Cellpose or StarDist, the proposed model demonstrated superior segmentation of overlapping and low-intensity nuclei, maintaining accuracy even in densely packed cellular regions.&#13;
&#13;
Discussion:&#13;
&#13;
We present an automated image analysis tool for clinically used MemLs, which exhibit complex three-dimensional hollow-fiber architectures and irregular cellular deposits that challenge conventional tools. A dedicated graphical user interface enables streamlined detection, morphometric analysis, and spatial clustering of nuclei, establishing a reproducible workflow for high-throughput analysis of fluorescence microscopy images. This approach eliminates labor-intensive manual counting and facilitates large-scale studies on cell-fiber interactions and disease-related correlations.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Frontiers in Bioinformatics</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3389/fbinf.2026.1771574</identifier>
    <note>Corresponding author der OTH Regensburg: Daniel Pointner, Lars Krenkel</note>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2026-04-01T15:49:56+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="CorrespondingAuthor">Pointner, Daniel ; Krenkel, Lars</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Daniel Pointner</author>
    <author>Michael Kranz</author>
    <author>Maria Stella Wagner</author>
    <author>Moritz Haus</author>
    <author>Karla Lehle</author>
    <author>Lars Krenkel</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FAKMB">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="RCBE">Regensburg Center of Biomedical Engineering - RCBE</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Gold Open Access- Erstveröffentlichung in einem/als Open-Access-Medium</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="krenkellbfmconf">Krenkel, Lars (Prof. Dr.), Präsentationen - Labor Biofluidmechanik</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Corresponding author der OTH Regensburg</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Labor Biofluidmechanik</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="krenkellbfmpub">Krenkel, Lars (Prof. Dr.), Publikationen - Labor Biofluidmechanik</collection>
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  </doc>
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