<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>2586</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>12</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>352,1</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Characterizing a sensitive compact mid-infrared photoacoustic sensor for methane, ethane and acetylene detection considering changing ambient parameters and bulk composition (N2, O2 and H2O)</title>
    <abstract language="eng">We present a sensitive and compact interband cascade laser (ICL) based photoacoustic setup for the detection of gaseous hydrocarbons and discuss its applicability towards trace gas analysis. We investigated the performance of the sensor for trace concentrations of methane, ethane and acetylene diluted in nitrogen. The excitation of methane and ethane was accomplished using one tunable diode laser, covering a range from 3360 to 3372 nm, which was replaced by a separate ICL at 3025 nm for acetylene detection. The influence of ambient parameters such as temperature, flow rate and pressure as well as potential cross-sensitivities towards O2 and H2O have been examined in terms of methane and acetylene detection. A series of simulations proved several of these influences to be attributed to relaxation effects. With a 3σ limit of detection (LoD) of 6.8 parts per billion (ppbV) in case of methane, 2.3 ppbV regarding ethane and 3.6 ppbV in terms of acetylene, the sensor demonstrates a great potential for applications in the field of trace gas analysis.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.snb.2021.130962</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-25868</identifier>
    <note>Corresponding author: Jonas Pangerl</note>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2022-01-27T15:33:58+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.user">importuser</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Jonas Pangerl</author>
    <author>Max Müller</author>
    <author>Thomas Rück</author>
    <author>Stefan Weigl</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Acetylene</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cross-sensitivities</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ethane</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Interband cascade laser</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Methane</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Photoacoustic spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Relaxation effects</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Hybrid Open Access - OA-Veröffentlichung in einer Subskriptionszeitschrift/-medium</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Corresponding author der OTH Regensburg</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-oth-regensburg/files/2586/Pangerl_photoacousticsensor.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>5583</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>519</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>523</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Hochschule Ansbach</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Ansbach</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Capacitive PCB sensor for the detection of insects in intelligent traps</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Reliable and fast detection of pest in the food processing and pharmaceutical industry is crucial to ensure hygienically safe, pure and healthy products. This is why intelligent traps, that are able to detect insects automatically are needed.&#13;
For this, a capacitive PCB sensor is developed and tested, which could be a simplistic, low power solution to the problem. This includes design, footprint generation and simulation as well as testing different types of capacitve sensing against noise immunity and sensitivity to Blattella germanica, the German cockroach. It is shown that a single specimen can very well and reliably be detected by the developed sensor.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Applied Research Conference 2022 Conference Proceedings: 4th July 2022, University of Applied Sciences Ansbach (Onsite Conference)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.25929/qbwt-zf40</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-55837</identifier>
    <enrichment key="OtherSeries">Konferenz im Forschungsmaster - Master of Applied Research, MAPRby</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="ConferenceStatement">ARC 2022</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Leo Scherer</author>
    <author>Thomas Vitzthumecker</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>PCB layout generation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>insect monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>pest detection</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Capacitive sensing</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-oth-regensburg/files/5583/Scherer_Capacitive_PCB_sensor_ARC_SS22-4.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1568</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2013</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferencepresentation</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-03-21</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A Conductivity Probe for Determination of the Carbon Dioxide Tension at the Oxygenator Exhaust Outlet during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the 9th ISC Modern Analytical Chemistry 2013, Prag</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.gdch.de/fileadmin/downloads/Veranstaltungen/Tagungen/2014_Tagungen/analytica/poster_abstracts/sens03_vanderweerd_5860.pdf</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Bastiaan van der Weerd</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <author>Frank-Michael Matysik</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1567</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2013</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferencepresentation</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-03-21</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Development of a miniaturized photoacoustic multigas sensing system for trace gas measurement</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">17th International Conference on Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena, Oct. 20-24, 2013, Suzhou China</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.gdch.de/fileadmin/downloads/Veranstaltungen/Tagungen/2014_Tagungen/analytica/poster_abstracts/sens05_rueck_5925.pdf</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Thomas Rück</author>
    <author>Matthias Hofmann</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1561</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferencepresentation</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-03-21</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Development of a miniaturized photoacoustic multigas sensing system for trace gas measurement</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">analytica conference 2014, 1. bis 4. April, München</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.gdch.de/fileadmin/downloads/Veranstaltungen/Tagungen/2014_Tagungen/analytica/poster_abstracts/sens05_rueck_5925.pdf</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Thomas Rück</author>
    <author>Frank-Michael Matysik</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>8007</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>16</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>43</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier BV</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Photodissociation-Driven Photoacoustic Spectroscopy with UV-LEDs for Ozone Detection</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This study presents the development and evaluation of a UV-LED based photoacoustic (PA) measurement system for ozone (O3) detection to demonstrate its potential for low-cost and accurate sensing while for the first time addressing the importance of photodissociation for PA signal generation for O3 in the UV range. With a detection limit of 7.9 ppbV, the system exhibits a significant advancement over state-of-the-art UV-PA O3 detection and is on par with laser-based setups. Following a novel discussion of the PA signal arising from photodissociation and its products, cross-sensitivity effects due to environmental factors such as temperature and gas composition were systematically analyzed. A digital twin driven compensation for these influences was implemented and evaluated. Despite the challenges associated with modeling the effects of H2O and CO2, the PA system shows considerable potential, though further studies in real world applications must be conducted.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Photoacoustics</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2213-5979</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100718</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-80076</identifier>
    <note>Corresponding author der OTH Regensburg: Lukas Escher</note>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">doi-import</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="CorrespondingAuthor">Lukas Escher</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Lukas Escher</author>
    <author>Thomas Rück</author>
    <author>Simon Jobst</author>
    <author>Jonas Pangerl</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <author>Frank-Michael Matysik</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Photoacoustic spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>UV-LED</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ozone</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Photodissociation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cross-sensitivity</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Hybrid Open Access - OA-Veröffentlichung in einer Subskriptionszeitschrift/-medium</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Corresponding author der OTH Regensburg</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
    <collection role="funding" number="">DEAL Elsevier</collection>
    <collection role="DFGFachsystematik" number="1">Ingenieurwissenschaften</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-oth-regensburg/files/8007/escher_photoacoustics_2025.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>7976</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>10</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>14</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>de Gruyter</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Evaluation of the creep strength of samples produced by fused deposition modeling</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Data sheets for 3D printing materials typically include softening temperature, impact strength, tensile strength, and stiffness. However, creep strength, an important parameter for components used over an extended period, is usually not included. Nevertheless, this parameter is of significant importance for components that are used over an extended period of time.This study compares the long-term creep behavior of a selection of materials that are commonly used in fused deposition modeling 3D printing. The materials under investigation are acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, acrylonitrile styrene acrylate, polylactic acid, and polycarbonate. In addition, the influence of fiber reinforcements on these materials is also examined. A simple, reproducible test procedure is proposed for users to determine and compare creep resistance of materials. This enables developers to select materials suitable for their own requirements on creep resistance and allows 3D-printing users to compare different materials. Results suggest that fiber reinforcement generally improves creep stability in 3D-printing materials, with GreenTEC Pro Carbon and add:north PC Blend HT LCF showing the most promise in this study.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Open Engineering</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1515/eng-2024-0084</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-79760</identifier>
    <note>Corresponding author der OTH Regensburg: Peter Hausler</note>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2025-03-17T20:19:32+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="CorrespondingAuthor">Peter Hausler</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Peter Hausler</author>
    <author>Lukas Holzner</author>
    <author>Matthias Ehrnsperger</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Gold Open Access- Erstveröffentlichung in einem/als Open-Access-Medium</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Corresponding author der OTH Regensburg</collection>
    <collection role="funding" number="">Publikationsfonds der OTH Regensburg</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-oth-regensburg/files/7976/Hausler_Open_Engineering_2024.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>5821</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>4</issue>
    <volume>23</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Basel</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Correlation of Acceleration Curves in Gravitational Direction for Different Body Segments during High-Impact Jumping Exercises</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Osteoporosis is a common disease of old age. However, in many cases, it can be very well prevented and counteracted with physical activity, especially high-impact exercises. Wearables have the potential to provide data that can help with continuous monitoring of patients during therapy phases or preventive exercise programs in everyday life. This study aimed to determine the accuracy and reliability of measured acceleration data at different body positions compared to accelerations at the pelvis during different jumping exercises. Accelerations at the hips have been investigated in previous studies with regard to osteoporosis prevention. Data were collected using an IMU-based motion capture system (Xsens) consisting of 17 sensors. Forty-nine subjects were included in this study. The analysis shows the correlation between impacts and the corresponding drop height, which are dependent on the respective exercise. Very high correlations (0.83–0.94) were found between accelerations at the pelvis and the other measured segments at the upper body. The foot sensors provided very weak correlations (0.20–0.27). Accelerations measured at the pelvis during jumping exercises can be tracked very well on the upper body and upper extremities, including locations where smart devices are typically worn, which gives possibilities for remote and continuous monitoring of programs.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">sensors</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/s23042276</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-58217</identifier>
    <note>Corresponding author: Lukas Reinker</note>
    <note>This work was supported by the Bavarian Academic Forum [BayWISS-Verbundkolleg Gesundheit] and the DHZK fond for behavioral cardiovascular diseases [Behaviorale kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen; grand number: 81Z0400105].</note>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="CorrespondingAuthor">Lukas Reinker</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Lukas Reinker</author>
    <author>Dominic Bläsing</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <author>Sabina Ulbricht</author>
    <author>Sebastian Dendorfer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>osteoporosis</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>inertial measurement units</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>wearable motion-tracking sensors</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>high-impact exercisess</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FAKMB">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="RCBE">Regensburg Center of Biomedical Engineering - RCBE</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="RCHST">Regensburg Center of Health Sciences and Technology - RCHST</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Gold Open Access- Erstveröffentlichung in einem/als Open-Access-Medium</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="dendorferlbm">Dendorfer, Sebastian (Prof. Dr.), Zeitschriftenbeiträge - Labor Biomechanik</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16314">Lebenswissenschaften und Ethik</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Corresponding author der OTH Regensburg</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Labor Biomechanik (LBM)</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-oth-regensburg/files/5821/reinker_sensors-23-02276-v2.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1097</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2010</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Vogel Business Media</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Würzburg</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-02-05</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">“Regensburger Modell zu den P-Seminaren” – Ein Konzept zur Gestaltung der Schnittstelle Gymnasium – Hochschule und zur Praxis einer kooperativen Lehr-Lern-Didaktik für Informationstechnik</title>
    <parentTitle language="deu">3rd Embedded Software Engineering Congress, 7. bis 9. Dezember, Sindelfingen</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">978-3834324047</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <author>M. Boehm</author>
    <author>Judith Fraunhoffer</author>
    <author>Armin Gardeia</author>
    <author>Jürgen Mottok</author>
    <author>Ralph Schneider</author>
    <author>J. Streubel</author>
    <collection role="ddc" number="378">Hochschulbildung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16314">Lebenswissenschaften und Ethik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>845</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>11</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>August</issue>
    <volume>316</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2020-08-01</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Photoacoustic detection of acetone in N2 and synthetic air using a high power UV LED</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The performance of a photoacoustic trace gas sensor for the detection of acetone in N2 and synthetic air is reported. The sensor system utilises an amplitude modulated UV LED. The light source has an emission maximum at 278 nm and a maximum CW output power of 300 mW according to the datasheet. Three different collimating and focusing approaches have been investigated to guide the highly divergent LED light into the acoustic resonator of the photoacoustic measurement cell. A 3D printed aluminium cell was designed to optimize light coupling by simultaneously minimizing the photoacoustic background signal generation. Hence, the diameter of the resonator was set to a comparable large diameter of 10 mm and the inner walls of the resonator were mirror polished. The additive manufacturing procedure allowed for integration of a spirally formed gas channel, enabling gas heating prior to detection. The sensor performance was investigated by measuring acetone in N2 and synthetic air at different concentrations. The UV LED current was set to 86 % of the maximum value according to the datasheet of the light source in order to increase the lifetime and thermal stability. An Allan-Werle deviation analysis validates a stable sensor performance. The limit of detection (LoD) was determined at a 3σ noise level with a 10 s lock-in amplifier time constant by sampling data points over 20 s with a data acquisition rate of 5 Hz. LoDs of 80.8 ppbV and 19.6 ppbV were obtained for acetone in N2 and synthetic air, respectively.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Sensors Actuators B Chemical</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.snb.2020.128109</identifier>
    <note>Corresponding author at: Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ) der Ostbayerischen Technischen Hochschule Regensburg</note>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Stefan Weigl</author>
    <author>Florian Feldmeier</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <author>Frank-Michael Matysik</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Acetone detection</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Photoacoustic spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High power UV LED</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>UV LED collimation system</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Acetone breath analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Hybrid Open Access - OA-Veröffentlichung in einer Subskriptionszeitschrift/-medium</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Corresponding author der OTH Regensburg</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>843</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>328</issue>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2020-10-04</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Effects of ambient parameters and cross-sensitivities from O2, CO2 and H2O on the photoacoustic detection of acetone in the UV region</title>
    <abstract language="eng">We present a sensitive UV LED photoacoustic setup for the detection of gaseous acetone and discuss its applicability towards breath analysis. We investigated the performance of the sensor for low acetone concentrations down to 0.1 parts per million (ppmV). The influences of temperature, flow, pressure, optical power and LED duty cycle on the measured signal have been examined. To gain a better understanding of the different effects on the photoacoustic signal, correlation analysis was applied and feature importance was determined using a large measured dataset. Furthermore, the cross-sensitivities towards O2, CO2 and H2O have been studied extensively. Finally, the sensor’s performance to detect acetone between 0.1–1 ppmV within gas mixtures simulating breath exhale conditions has been investigated, too. With a limit of detection (LoD) of 12.5 parts per billion (ppbV) (3σ) measured under typical breath exhale gas mixture conditions, the sensor demonstrated a high potential for the application of acetone detection in human breath analysis.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Sensors Actuators B Chemical</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.snb.2020.129001</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0925-4005</identifier>
    <note>Corresponding authors: Stefan Weigl, Elisabeth Wittmann, Thomas Rück, Rudolf Bierl, Frank-Michael Matysik</note>
    <note>Corrigendum to “Effects of ambient parameters and cross-sensitivities from O2, CO2 and H2O on the photoacoustic detection of acetone in the UV region” [Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 328 (February 2021) (2020) 129001]; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2020.129392</note>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Stefan Weigl</author>
    <author>Elisabeth Wittmann</author>
    <author>Thomas Rück</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <author>Frank-Michael Matysik</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Acetone detection</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Photoacoustic spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High power UV LED</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cross-sensitivities</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Acetone breath analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Hybrid Open Access - OA-Veröffentlichung in einer Subskriptionszeitschrift/-medium</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Corresponding author der OTH Regensburg</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>847</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>163</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>167</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2020-02-27</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Homogeneous Light Source for Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging</title>
    <abstract language="eng">We describe how to build a homogeneous light source for Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging (SPRi) which mainly finds its applications in pharmaceutical screening and biotechnology so far. SPR spectroscopy is a label-free, non-destructive and highly sensitive measurement principle for detecting changes in the refractive index in close vicinity of a gold surface. A transfer of this technology to a miniaturized sensor will broaden the range of possible applications. Commercial SPR assays are mainly working with a small number of sensing spots. In contrast, the SPR imaging system shown here will allow the use of an array of many sensing spots. In combination with chemical receptors designed as an artificial nose or an electronic tongue, the simultaneous detection of many analytes is envisioned. So far, lasers or other inhomogeneous light sources were used to illuminate the sensing surface, which is decreasing the systems sensitivity. We show a compact ( 300mm2) homogeneous top hat profile. The combination of a high bit-resolution camera with our new light source enables a reflectivity based surface plasmon resonance imaging system with a high refractive index unit (RIU) resolution.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">PHOTOPTICS 2020: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology, Valletta, Malta, February 27-29, 2020</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.5220/0009168701630167</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Peter Hausler</author>
    <author>Simon Jobst</author>
    <author>Johannes Fischer</author>
    <author>Carina Roth</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sensor</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SPR-imaging</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Miniaturization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Micro-opto-electro-mechanical Systems</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16316">Produktion und Systeme</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>858</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>153</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>157</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>VDE-Verlag</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2019-09-16</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A Measure of Confidence of Artificial Neural Network Classifiers</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Confidence in results of an Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is increased by preferring to reject data, that is not trustful, instead of risking a misclassification. For this purpose a model is proposed that is able to recognize data, which differs significantly from the training data, during inference. The proposed model observes all activations of the hidden layers, as well as input and output layers of an ANN in a grey-box view. To make ANNs more robust in safety critical applications, this model can be used to reject flawed data, that is suspected to decrease the accuracy of the model. If this information is logged during inference, it can be used to improve the model, by training it specifically with the missing information. An experiment on the MNIST dataset is conducted and its results are discussed.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">ARCS Workshop 2019; 32nd International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems,  20-21 May 2019, Copenhagen, Denmark</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8836211</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <author>Andreas Gschossmann</author>
    <author>Simon Jobst</author>
    <author>Jürgen Mottok</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <collection role="ddc" number="006">Spezielle Computerverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1193</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>665</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>679</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Experimental investigation of damping properties of unidirectionally and fabric reinforces plastics by the free decay method</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceeding of the 15th International Materials Symposium (IMSP´2014), Pamukkale University (Denizli, Turkey), 15./17. October 2014</parentTitle>
    <author>Marco Romano</author>
    <author>Matthias Micklitz</author>
    <author>Florian Olbrich</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <author>Ingo Ehrlich</author>
    <author>Norbert Gebbeken</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FAKMB">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="ehrlichlft">Ehrlich, Ingo (Prof. Dr.) - Labor Faserverbundtechnik</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16316">Produktion und Systeme</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Labor Faserverbundtechnik (LFT)</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1431</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>2462</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>2471</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>Part 3, February</issue>
    <volume>255</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">NO2 trace gas monitoring in air using off-beam quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) and interference studies towards CO2, H2O and acoustic noise</title>
    <abstract language="eng">We present the development and characterization as well as comprehensive interference studies of a photoacoustic NO2 trace gas detection system. The system is based on an off-beam quartz enhanced photoacoustic scheme (off-beam QEPAS) and signal generation was initiated by amplitude modulating a low-cost diode laser emitting at 450 nm. The QEPAS sensor element features double-resonant amplification, still it is only ∼ 5 × 5 × 2.5 mm in size. The individual and combined resonance characteristics were investigated and specified to 52 dB amplification, adding up 15 dB acoustic- and 37 dB mechanical-resonance amplification. The linearity of the photoacoustic signal dependency on the analyte concentration was verified from 200 ppbV to 100 ppmV NO2 in synthetic air. The detection limit (3σ) was determined to 1.8 ppbV using a lock-in time constant of 10 s and an averaging time of 20 s. The normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient was specified to 2.5·10−8 W cm−1 Hz−0.5. The stability of the signal was investigated over time and a slight drift by 1‰ was observed after 30 min without temperature stabilizing the photoacoustic cell (PAC). Noise analysis was performed by means of Allan deviation and the inverse dependency of response time and precision of the system on the lock-in time constant was outlined. We performed interference analyses towards N2, O2, CO2, H2O and acoustic noise, respectively. Although neither spectral interferences nor losses due to slow NO2 VT-relaxation were observed, O2 was identified to cause a 15% signal drop due to VVNO2-O2-relaxation. Changing H2O concentrations were found to cause acoustic detuning, which cannot be compensated by adjusting the frequency of modulation, because of the double-resonant feature of the PAC. However, alternative approaches of compensation were discussed. Finally, we carried out heavy traffic noise simulations and determined the QEPAS setup to be 46 times less susceptible towards ambient noise compared to standard microphone-based photoacoustic setups.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.snb.2017.09.039</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <author>Thomas Rück</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <author>Frank-Michael Matysik</author>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1432</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>193</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>200</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>258</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam, Niederlande</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2017-05-01</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Development and characterization of a laboratory setup for photoacoustic NO2 determination based on the excitation of electronic 2B2 and 2B1 states using a low-cost semiconductor laser</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This work gives a detailed characterization of a laboratory setup for photoacoustic NO2 trace gas detection at the ppb level. The signal generation is based on the excitation of electronic 2B2 and 2B1 states using a low-cost semiconductor laser emitting at 450 nm. An acoustic resonator was used for signal amplification and the modulation frequency of the laser was determined to 3395 Hz in order to gain maximum signal amplification. The quality of resonant amplification was determined to 7.9. The gas samples were NO2 calibration gases diluted with pure nitrogen. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) dependency on the flow rate Q and the lock-in time constant τLIA was investigated, respectively, and the optimum values were specified to Q = 500 mL/min and τLIA = 2 s. In case of ambient noise, increasing τLIA to 10 s was evaluated as sufficient for SNR preservation. The noise level was measured in the absence of NO2 and it was determined to be composed of 51% electronic noise and 49% gas flow noise. With the analyte concentration ranging from 300 ppbV to 100 ppmV, the linear dependency of the photoacoustic amplitude on the NO2 concentration was specified, the sensitivity was determined to 110 μV/ppmV and the maximum measurement error was calculated to ±0.8%. The detection limit was determined to 2.0 ppbV. Furthermore, the stability of the signal was investigated and a maximum drift of ±1% was observed within a measuring period of 30 min. The response time τ90 was specified to 58 s. All results considered, this photoacoustic measuring system, which is based on low-cost signal generation and detection units, provides an excellent basis in view of developing a portable device for photoacoustic trace gas detection.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Sensors and Actuators A: Physical</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.sna.2017.03.024</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <author>Thomas Rück</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <author>Frank-Michael Matysik</author>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1433</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>501</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>509</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>263</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam, Niederlande</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>2017-08-15</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Low-cost photoacoustic NO2 trace gas monitoring at the pptV-level</title>
    <abstract language="eng">We present the development and the characterization of a photoacoustic NO2 trace gas detection system. The system is based on the implementation of low-cost components, i.e. a mass-produced blue diode laser and a standard MEMS microphone which is commonly built into smartphones, for example. An optimized cell design was realized by means of 3D printing. The linearity of the photoacoustic signal dependency on the analyte concentration was verified from 200 ppbV to 100 ppmV NO2. The detection limit (1σ) was determined to 33 pptV and the normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient was calculated to 7.0 ∙ 10−10 W cm−1 Hz−1/2. The dynamic range of the system was verified to be linear over three magnitudes of order and the sensitivity was calculated to 814 μV/ppmV. The system was characterized in view of optimal operating parameters, i.e. lock-in time constant τLIA and total mass flow rate, optical performance and signal stability. The mass flow dependend response time of the system was specified to 19 s and an idealized step response to a quasi-Heaviside step function was quantified as a function of τLIA. The quality factor of acoustic resonance was determined to 21.9 and an empirical expression regarding acoustic node shifting is provided. The expression takes into account the radius of the resonator pipe and the radius of the hole, which was drilled into the pipe for microphone coupling. Furthermore, we studied the cross-sensitivity of the photoacoustic signal towards H2O and CO2, respectively.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Sensors and Actuators A: Physical</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.sna.2017.06.036</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <author>Thomas Rück</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <author>Frank-Michael Matysik</author>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1430</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferencesummary</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2018-09-01</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Development of a sensor system for analysis of human breath exhale</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Atemgasanalyse ist ein junges und vielversprechendes Feld im Bereich der diagnostischen Medizin. Der Ansatz verspricht einfach zugängliche und leicht wiederholbare Probennahme die zum einen non-invasiv ist und zugleich Rückschlüsse auf Vorgänge im menschlichen Körper und bspw. dessen Gesundheitszustand zulässt. Seit Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts gibt es Massenspektrometer die es ermöglicht haben mehrere Tausend verschiedene Stoffe in der Ausatemluft nachzuweisen. Diese Technologien verbessern sich stetig und ermöglichen es die Vorgänge und Zusammenhänge zwischen Zusammensetzung der Ausatemluft und systemischen Prozessen besser zu verstehen. Die bei Studien mit Massenspektrometern ermittelten Biomarker, deren qualitative und quantitative Detektion Gesundheitsdiagnosen ermöglichen, haben aber noch nicht den Weg in den klinischen Alltag gefunden. Das Problem sind meistens die hohen Anschaffungskosten, komplizierte Datenauswertung und zumeist geringe Verfügbarkeit und Immobilität dieser Messgeräte. Die photoakustische Spektroskopie ist eine selektive und hochsensitive Messmethode, die es ermöglichen soll den Biomarker „Aceton“, der grundsätzlich die Metabolisierung von Fetten widerspiegelt, schnell und reproduzierbar quantitativ zu detektieren. Dabei müssen Hindernisse wie Querempfindlichkeiten, ausgelöst durch die komplexe Zusammensetzung der Messmatrix Atemgas, bei gleichzeitig kleine Aceton Konzentrationen (200-800 parts-per-billion) überwunden werden. Verschiedene Wellenlängenbereiche mit unterschiedlichen Lichtquellen, akustisch resonante sowie innovative Messzellendesigns und anspruchsvolle Datenauswertung mittels komplexer Algorithmik sind nötig um das Ziel, die Entwicklung eines kompakten, günstigen und zuverlässigen Acetonsensors, zu erreichen.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">BayWISS Herbstakademie 2018, Plankstetten</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Stefan Weigl</author>
    <author>Frank-Michael Matysik</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1435</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2017-06-08</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Einbindung eines 2D-Photodetektors in einen hochintegrierten SPR-Imaging-Sensor</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Mit der Oberflächenplasmonenresonanzspektroskopie (SPR) können Brechungsindexänderungen eines Analyten von bis zu 10-6 RIU detektiert werden. Das SPR-Imaging bietet heute gegenüber der konventionellen SPR-Analyse die Möglichkeit, mehrere einzelne Messungen parallel durchführen zu können. Mit Hilfe eines zweidimensionalen Sensorchips und einer leistungsfähigen Boardlevelkamera können die Abbildungen des Chips direkt an einen Rechner übertragen und dort verarbeitet werden. Aufgrund unterschiedlicher Winkelstellungen und der Geometrie des Aufbaus entstehen Stauchungen und Streckungen des abgebildeten Sensorchips, die mit verschiedenen Ansätzen aus der Bildverarbeitung ausgeglichen werden, um die Bilder miteinander vergleichen zu können. Zudem wird die Güte der Referenz- und Messbereiche des Chips bestimmt. Diese Algorithmen sind nur möglich aufgrund der heutigen, leistungsfähigen Rechner und der immer größer werdenden Durchsatzraten der Kameras. Dabei kommt in dieser Anwendung der relativ neue Kamerastandard USB3 Vision zum Einsatz. Dieser zeichnet sich zusätzlich durch das Plug and Play und seinen Standardstecker, der an (fast) jedem Rechner vorhanden ist, aus.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">118. Jahrestagung der deutschen Gesellschaft für angewandte Optik (DGaO), 6.-10. Juni 2017, Dresden</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Carina Roth</author>
    <author>Peter Hausler</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bildverarbeitung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Messtechnik</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Optische Informationsverarbeitung</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1442</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>VDE-Verlag</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>2017-10-25</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Resonance frequency tuning and process design of a micromechanical capacitive cantilever in a photoacoustic trace-gas sensing device</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Photoacoustic spectroscopy is an efficient method to detect the concentration of trace gases with following advantages: short response time, high sensitivity, continuous and real-time monitoring and the option of miniaturization without the need of complex mirror-based multi-pass cell designs. A micromechanical cantilever is used as a key component in a two-part "Cantilever-Resonator" system that detects the weak photoacoustic signal. The resonance frequency of cantilever needs to be tuned to match the resonance frequency of resonator in order to achieve the maximum vibration amplitude of the "Cantilever-Resonator" system. This paper reports a post-fabrication method to tune the resonance frequency of cantilevers via focused ion beam (FIB) and a capacitive solution for the cantilever to transform the acoustic signal to electrical signal.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">7. MikroSystemTechnik Kongress "MEMS, Mikroelektronik, Systeme", 23.-25. Oktober 2017, München</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-8007-4491-6</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Qi Zhou</author>
    <author>Ferdinand Landgraf</author>
    <author>Thomas Rück</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1448</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2016</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>263</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>280</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>6</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2016-06-28</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Trends in Electrochemical Sensing of Blood Gases</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The monitoring of partial pressures of the blood gases carbon dioxide (pCO2) and oxygen (pO2) is of great importance in clinical diagnostics. The measure of pCO2 and pO2 provides essential information about the patient’s metabolism, gas exchange, ventilation, and acid–base homeostasis. The conventional electrochemical methods for clinical blood gas analysis are based on the potentiometric Severinghaus sensor for carbon dioxide and the amperometric Clark sensor for oxygen. These techniques are well established and are only shortly discussed in this overview. However, in recent years a variety of modifications of these classical sensor concepts and new approaches of electrochemical sensing of pCO2 and pO2 have been introduced. This review summarizes recent developments in this field and discusses the potential for future applications in clinical blood gas analysis.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Bioanalytical Reviews</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/11663_2016_1</identifier>
    <enrichment key="OtherSeries">Trends in Bioelectroanalysis</enrichment>
    <author>Bastiaan van der Weerd</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <author>Frank-Michael Matysik</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blood gas analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Noninvasive blood gas sensor</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Electrochemical sensor</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Clinical analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1441</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>VDE-Verlag</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2017-11-03</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Photoakustische Spurengasanalytik von NO2 im ppt-Bereich (10^-12) bei Verwendung kostengünstiger Einzelkomponenten</title>
    <parentTitle language="deu">7. MikroSystemTechnik Kongress "MEMS, Mikroelektronik, Systeme", 23.-25. Oktober 2017, München</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-8007-4491-6</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Thomas Rück</author>
    <author>I. Läpple</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Elektroniksystem</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Industrie 4.0</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mikrosystemtechnik</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mikrofluidik</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mikroaktorik</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1438</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>VDE-Verlag</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2017-10-25</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Entwicklung eines mikromechanischen kapazitiven Schalldetektors im resonanten Betrieb für die photoakustische Spurengasanalyse</title>
    <parentTitle language="deu">7. MikroSystemTechnik Kongress "MEMS, Mikroelektronik, Systeme", 23.-25. Oktober 2017, München</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Andreas Zagler</author>
    <author>Ferdinand Landgraf</author>
    <author>Thomas Rück</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1446</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>VDE-Verlag</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2017-10-25</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Portable photoakustische Messeinheit zur NO2 Detektion im Spurenbereich</title>
    <parentTitle language="deu">7. MikroSystemTechnik Kongress "MEMS, Mikroelektronik, Systeme", 23.-25. Oktober 2017, München</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-8007-4491-6</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Peter Gaida</author>
    <author>Stefan Weigl</author>
    <author>Thomas Rück</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1444</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>VDE-Verlag</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2017-10-25</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Miniaturisierter plasmonischer Sensor für das Monitoring von Weichmachern in Gewässerproben</title>
    <parentTitle language="deu">7. MikroSystemTechnik Kongress "MEMS, Mikroelektronik, Systeme", 23.-25. Oktober 2017, München</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-8007-4491-6</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Johannes Fischer</author>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1440</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferencesummary</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2018-05-28</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Motionless SPR-angle scan with a miniaturized device</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Europtrode XIV, Naples, 25-28 March 2018</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Peter Hausler</author>
    <author>Carina Roth</author>
    <author>Thomas Vitzthumecker</author>
    <author>Johannes Fischer</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1439</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2018-01-27</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Portable Measurement Unit for NO2 Trace Gas Detection</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">PHOTOPTICS 2018, 6th International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology, 25 - 27 January 2018, Funchal Madeira</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Stefan Weigl</author>
    <author>Peter Gaida</author>
    <author>Thomas Rück</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1453</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2015</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>report</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2015-01-01</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Herstellung und Analyse der Resonanzfrequenz eines MEMS Cantilever für das CEPAS Verfahren</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Diese Abhandlung beschreibt das Konzept eines mikroeletromechanischen Systems (MEMS), das im Messverfahren der cantilever enhanced  photoacoustic spectroscopy (CEPAS) Verwendung finden soll. &#13;
Es wird die Herstellung eines einseitig eingespannten Biegebalkens aus Silizium mittels deep reactiv ion etching (DRIE) beschrieben. Des Weiteren wird die Resonanzfrequenz dieses Cantilevers mit Hilfe Laservibrometertechnik untersucht. Die resultierenden resonanten Schwingungen 0.Ordnung werden mit den Ergebnissen einer vereinfachten theoretischen Näherung verglichen. Die Messergebnisse stehen in gutem Zusammenhang mit den theoretischen Werten. Solche Cantilever, die aus silicon on insula tor (SOI) Wafer angefertigt wurden, weisen bei einer Zielfrequenz ein mittlere Abweichung von Δf = 118±26Hz (bzw.Δf =0,76±0,17%) auf.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>J. Unger</author>
    <author>Thomas Rück</author>
    <author>Ferdinand Landgraf</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1449</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2016</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>192</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>198</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Fachhochschule Landshut</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Landshut</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2016-03-09</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Gestapelte Au-Al-Au und Au-Ag-Au Schichten als aktive Schichten für die Oberflächenplasmonenresonanzspektroskopie</title>
    <parentTitle language="deu">5. Landshuter Symposium Mikrosystemtechnik, März 2016</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-9812696-9-7</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Sven Holler</author>
    <author>Peter Hausler</author>
    <author>Carina Roth</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1450</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2016</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>200</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>205</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Fachhochschule Landshut</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Landshut</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2016-03-09</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Einbindung eines CMOS-Detektors in einen hochintegrierten SPR-Sensor</title>
    <parentTitle language="deu">5. Landshuter Symposium Mikrosystemtechnik, März 2016</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">78-3-9812696-9-7</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Carina Roth</author>
    <author>Peter Hausler</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1562</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>65</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>80</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <volume>63</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-03-21</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Experimental investigation of damping properties of unidirectionally and fabric reinforced plastics by the free decay method</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Purpose: &#13;
of this paper is experimental investigation of damping properties of unidirectionally and fabric reinforced plastics by the free decay method. &#13;
Design/methodology/approach: &#13;
For the evaluation of the presumed effect experimental structural dynamic investigations comparing unidirectionally and fabric reinforced plastics are carried out. In detail the free decay behaviour of flat beamlike specimens under fixed-free boundary conditions and relatively constant and reproducible displacement excitation is investigated. Findings: The vibrating structure has been measured by a laser scanning vibrometer PSV 400 from POLYTEC. In both cases evaluation of the results yields enhanced damping properties of the specimens with fabric reinforcement compared to the unidirectionally reinforced specimens. The results justify the presumed acting of a mesomechanic kinematic. &#13;
Research limitations/implications:&#13;
 The results show that in either case the material damping in terms of the logarithmic decrement of the fabric reinforced material is higher than the material damping in of the unidirectionally reinforced material. Additionally, when the fabric reinforced specimens are addressed, in each case the plain weave reinforced specimens exhibited higher values of the material damping as the twill weave 2/2 reinforced ones. &#13;
Originality/value: &#13;
Ondulations in fabrics as a textile semi-finished product are caused by the alternating crossing of warp and fill yarns. In the mesoscopic scale the acting of a mesomechanic kinematic is presumed to enhance the damping properties under cyclic elastic deformation. For the evaluation of the presumed effect experimental structural dynamic investigations comparing unidirectionally and fabric reinforced plastics are carried out.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Marco Romano</author>
    <author>Matthias Micklitz</author>
    <author>Florian Olbrich</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <author>Ingo Ehrlich</author>
    <author>Norbert Gebbeken</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>structural vibration</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>damping</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>fibre reinforced plastics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>mesomechanic scale</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>fabric reinforced layer</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FAKMB">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="ehrlichlft">Ehrlich, Ingo (Prof. Dr.) - Labor Faserverbundtechnik</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16316">Produktion und Systeme</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Labor Faserverbundtechnik (LFT)</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1563</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-03-21</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A Comparison of Correlation and Zero-Crossing Based Techniques in Ultrasonic Measurement</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Ultrasound measurement technology has advancedin previous decades due to positive developments in computing power and lower cost for the  necessary  hardware. Correlation-based processing can be advantageous  for high-accuracy measurements, especially in noisy environments.   Higher computational load makes correlation less attractive for   industrialapplications, though, favouring traditional processing techniques. A platform for comparing various processing techniques  hasbeen developed. It was found that both zero-crossing detectionas well as correlation can achieve very high accuracy over a hightemperature range but that correlation-based processing can lead to a significant  precision bias depending on system bandwidth.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">10th International Symposium on Applied Reconfigurable Computing (ARC'2014), Vilamoura, Algarve, Portugal, 14 - 16 April, 2014</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Simon Jobst</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1569</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2012</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-03-21</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Implementation of a dual-phase lock-in amplifier on a TMS320C5515 digital signal processor</title>
    <abstract language="deu">A digital dual-phase lock-in amplifier that is capable to run on a low-cost, low-power platform comprising a 16-bit fixed-point digital signal processor was developed. This is achieved by a set of optimised digital filters including an exponential averager to adjust the time constant of the overall filter. The reference frequency is generated using a direct digital synthesis source utilising angle decomposition with a resolution of 1 Hz. The digital lock-in algorithm is described and the performance of the algorithm is analysed. The experimental results show that the developed lock-in amplifier achieves similar performance to a commercially available lock-in amplifier.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the 5th European DSP Education and Research Conference (EDERC), 13-14 Sept. 2012, Amsterdam</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1109/EDERC.2012.6532217</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Matthias Hofmann</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <author>Thomas Rück</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16316">Produktion und Systeme</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1559</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2015</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-03-21</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Specification of an improved photoacoustic setup for high-sensitive, low-cost NO2 trace gas detection</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">18th International Conference on Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena (ICPPP18), 2015, September 6-10, Novi Sad, Serbia</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Thomas Rück</author>
    <author>Ferdinand Landgraf</author>
    <author>I. Läpple</author>
    <author>J. Unger</author>
    <author>Frank-Michael Matysik</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1565</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-03-21</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A Conductivity Probe for the Determination of Carbon Dioxide Tension at the Oxygenator Exhaust Outlet during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">analytica Conference 2014, 1. bis 4. April, München</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Bastiaan van der Weerd</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <author>Frank-Michael Matysik</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1566</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-03-21</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A Conductivity Probe for the Determination of Carbon Dioxide Tension at the Oxygenator Exhaust Outlet during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Electrochemistry 2014, September 22 - 24, Mainz</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Bastiaan van der Weerd</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <author>Frank-Michael Matysik</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1564</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-03-21</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A Planar Conductivity Probe for CO2 Determination at the Oxygenator Outlet</title>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Doktorandenseminar GDCh Prozessanalytik 2014, Berlin</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Bastiaan van der Weerd</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <author>Frank-Michael Matysik</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2628</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>9</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>7</issue>
    <volume>9</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Nanoparticle Determination in Water by LED-Excited Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The increasing popularity of nanoparticles in many applications has led to the fact that these persistent materials pollute our environment and threaten our health. An online sensor system for monitoring the presence of nanoparticles in fresh water would be highly desired. We propose a label-free sensor based on SPR imaging. The sensitivity was enhanced by a factor of about 100 by improving the detector by using a high-resolution camera. This revealed that the light source also needed to be improved by using LED excitation instead of a laser light source. As a receptor, different self-assembled monolayers have been screened. It can be seen that the nanoparticle receptor interaction is of a complex nature. The best system when taking sensitivity as well as reversibility into account is given by a dodecanethiol monolayer on the gold sensor surface. Lanthanide-doped nanoparticles, 29 nm in diameter and with a similar refractive index to the most common silica nanoparticles were detected in water down to 1.5 mu g mL(-1). The sensor can be fully regenerated within one hour without the need for any washing buffer. This sensing concept is expected to be easily adapted for the detection of nanoparticles of different size, shape, and composition, and upon miniaturization, suitable for long-term applications to monitor the quality of water.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Chemosensors</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/chemosensors9070175</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2227-9040</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2022-01-27T15:41:12+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.user">importuser</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Lukas Wunderlich</author>
    <author>Peter Hausler</author>
    <author>Susanne Maerkl</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <author>Thomas Hirsch</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>imaging</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>nanoparticle</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>plasmon resonance</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>REFRACTIVE-INDEX</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>sensor</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>surface</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Gold Open Access- Erstveröffentlichung in einem/als Open-Access-Medium</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2755</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>169</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>195</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Springer Nature</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Cham</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Miniaturized Surface Plasmon Resonance Based Sensor Systems</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) is a well-known and established technology in bioanalysis and pharmaceutical sciences. Due to the expensive instrumentation and the need of trained people, it is mainly limited to applications in laboratories. However, there are some areas like environmental monitoring, chemical processing and civil infrastructure, which urgently need new sensor technologies. SPR has the potential to serve these fields. In order to be qualified for a use in these areas SPR has to overcome some hurdles. The instrumentation has to be robust, small in size and cheap. A device, which fits these needs, will be a micro-opto-electro-mechanical system (MOEMS) with integrated intelligent algorithms. In this book chapter, examples of miniaturized SPR devices are introduced, the limitations which have to be overcome as well as the possibilities for future applications are proposed. Due to the manifold advantages of this technology and the dropping prices for imaging sensors, Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging (SPRi) might become one of the leading technologies for SPR smart sensor systems.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Optics, Photonics and Laser Technology 2018</parentTitle>
    <subTitle language="deu">Opportunities and Challenges</subTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-030-30112-5</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/978-3-030-30113-2_8</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2022-02-09T06:20:59+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.user">importuser</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="OtherSeries">Springer Series in Optical Sciences ; 223</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Peter Hausler</author>
    <author>Carina Roth</author>
    <author>Thomas Vitzthumecker</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>5442</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Optica Publishing Group</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Creating a Digital Twin of a Photoacoustic Gas Sensor for Methane Detection in Complex Gas Matrices</title>
    <abstract language="deu">We present the calculation results from a digital twin (DT) of our photoacoustic (PA) sensor for methane detection, regarding gas composition, temperature and pressure variations.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings Optical Sensors and Sensing Congress 2022 (AIS, LACSEA, Sensors, ES): 11–15 July 2022, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1364/LACSEA.2022.LW4D.2</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-1-957171-10-4</identifier>
    <enrichment key="OtherSeries">Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 2022), paper LW4D.2.</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Max Müller</author>
    <author>Thomas Rück</author>
    <author>Simon Jobst</author>
    <author>Jonas Pangerl</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <author>Frank-Michael Matysik</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>6555</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>33</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Multivariate analysis and digital twin modelling: Alternative approaches to evaluate molecular relaxation in photoacoustic spectroscopy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">A comparative analysis of two different approaches developed to deal with molecular relaxation in photoacoustic spectroscopy is here reported. The first method employs a statistical analysis based on partial least squares regression, while the second method relies on the development of a digital twin of the photoacoustic sensor based on the theoretical modelling of the occurring relaxations. Methane detection within a gas matrix of synthetic air with variable humidity level is selected as case study. An interband cascade laser emitting at 3.345 µm is used to target methane absorption features. Two methane concentration ranges are explored targeting different absorptions, one in the order of part-per-million and one in the order of percent, while water vapor absolute concentration was varied from 0.3 % up to 2 %. The results achieved employing the detection techniques demonstrated the possibility to efficiently retrieve the target gas concentrations with accuracy &gt; 95 % even in the case of strong influence of relaxation effects.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Photoacoustics</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100564</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2213-5979</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2023-10-16T20:23:06+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.user">importuser</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Andrea Zifarelli</author>
    <author>Aldo Francesco Pio Cantatore</author>
    <author>Angelo Sampaolo</author>
    <author>Max Mueller</author>
    <author>Thomas Rueck</author>
    <author>Christine Hoelzl</author>
    <author>Hubert Rossmadl</author>
    <author>Pietro Patimisco</author>
    <author>Vincenzo Spagnolo</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>digital twin model</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>methane detection over a wide concentration range</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>multivariate analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Partial Least Squares Regression</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>QEPAS sensor</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>relaxation effects photoacoustic spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>water vapor influence on relaxation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Hybrid Open Access - OA-Veröffentlichung in einer Subskriptionszeitschrift/-medium</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>6538</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Optica Publishing Group</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Using a Modulated Quantum Cascade Laser for Photoacoustic Spectra Recording of Exhaled Acetone and Main Breath Components</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Photoacoustic spectra of main breath components together with acetone are presented demonstrating spectral linearity towards different concentrations and compositions. The acetone 3σ detection limit at 1209 cm−1 is 0.28 ppbV</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Optical Sensors and Sensing Congress 2022 (AIS, LACSEA, Sensors, ES)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1364/AIS.2022.ATu3G.1</identifier>
    <enrichment key="OtherSeries">Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 2022), paper ATu3G.1.</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Jonas Pangerl</author>
    <author>Elisabeth Wittmann</author>
    <author>Stefan Weigl</author>
    <author>Max Müller</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <author>Frank-Michael Matysik</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>5404</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Optica Publishing Group</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Design and Characterization of a Low-Cost Photoacoustic Sensor for NO2 Using Lateral Illumination and Background Suppression</title>
    <abstract language="eng">We introduce a low-cost photoacoustic NO2 sensor based on lateral LED illumination and optical background signal compensation. The 3σ limit of detection (LOD) was identified to be 24 ppbV.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Imaging and Applied Optics Congress 2022 (3D, AOA, COSI, ISA, pcAOP): 11–15 July 2022, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1364/3D.2022.JTu2A.10</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-1-957171-09-8</identifier>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Lukas Escher</author>
    <author>Thomas Rück</author>
    <author>Simon Jobst</author>
    <author>Martin König</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>7330</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>preprint</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier / SSRN</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Photoacoustic Trace-Analysis of Breath Isoprene and Acetone Via Interband- and Quantum Cascade Lasers</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This research presents two laser-based photoacoustic approaches for analyzing exhaled breath isoprene and acetone. The integration of a PTR-ToF-MS as a reference device ensured the reliability and accuracy of the PAS systems that is based on an ICL for isoprene and a QCL for acetone detection. The calibration yielded limits of detection of 26.9 ppbV and 1.7 ppbV, respectively, and corresponding normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficients (NNEAs) of 5.0E-9 Wcm-1Hz-0.5 and 4.9E-9 Wcm-1Hz-0.5. Laboratory as well as real breath sample measurements from alveolar breath revealed a robust system performance, with only one outlier within the static isoprene measurements. However, discrepancies emerged under dynamic breath sampling conditions, emphasizing the need for further optimization. Especially by knowing the dynamic nature and endogenous origin of exhaled isoprene our findings highlight the potential of breath analysis for non-invasive physio-metabolic and pathophysiological monitoring towards point-of-care devices.</abstract>
    <identifier type="doi">10.2139/ssrn.4834735</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Jonas Pangerl</author>
    <author>Pritam Sukul</author>
    <author>Thomas Rück</author>
    <author>Lukas Escher</author>
    <author>Wolfram Miekisch</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <author>Frank-Michael Matysik</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>photoacoustic spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>breath analysis/profiling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>real-time mass spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>isoprene</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>acetone</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>7702</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>12</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>424</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Photoacoustic trace-analysis of breath isoprene and acetone via interband- and Quantum Cascade Lasers</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This research presents two laser-based photoacoustic approaches for analyzing exhaled breath isoprene and acetone. The integration of a PTR-ToF-MS as a reference device ensured the reliability and accuracy of the photoacoustic systems that is based on an ICL for isoprene and a QCL for acetone detection. The calibration yielded limits of detection of 26.9 ppbV and 1.7 ppbV, respectively, and corresponding normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficients (NNEAs) of 5.0E-9 Wcm 1Hz 0.5 and 4.9E-9 Wcm 1Hz 0.5. Laboratory as well as real breath sample measurements from alveolar breath revealed a robust system performance, with only one outlier within the static isoprene measurements. However, discrepancies emerged under dynamic breath sampling conditions, emphasizing the need for further optimization. Especially by knowing the dynamic nature and endogenous origin of exhaled isoprene our findings highlight the potential of breath analysis for non-invasive&#13;
physio-metabolic and pathophysiological monitoring towards point-of-care devices</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Sensors and Actuators: B. Chemical</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.snb.2024.136886</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-77024</identifier>
    <note>Corresponding author der OTH Regensburg: Jonas Pangerl</note>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="CorrespondingAuthor">Jonas Pangerl</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Jonas Pangerl</author>
    <author>Pritam Sukul</author>
    <author>Thomas Rück</author>
    <author>Lukas Escher</author>
    <author>Wolfram Miekisch</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <author>Frank-Michael Matysik</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Photoacoustic spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Breath analysis/profiling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Real-time mass spectrometry</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Isoprene</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Acetone</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Hybrid Open Access - OA-Veröffentlichung in einer Subskriptionszeitschrift/-medium</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Corresponding author der OTH Regensburg</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
    <collection role="funding" number="">DEAL Elsevier</collection>
    <collection role="DFGFachsystematik" number="1">Ingenieurwissenschaften</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-oth-regensburg/files/7702/Pangerl_Sensors_Actuators_2025.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>5752</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>AMA (Association for Sensors + Measurement)</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation>DECHEMA, Gesellschaft für Chemische Technik und Biotechnologie</contributingCorporation>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Digitaler Zwilling photoakustischer Spurengassensoren zur Prozessüberwachung</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Stickstoffdioxid (NO2) wird hauptsächlich durch anthropogene Verbrennungsprozesse in Verkehr und Industrie in die Umgebungsluft eingebracht [1]. Die stark reaktive, oxidative Wirkung von NO2 kann bei Exposition mit höheren Konzentrationen Reizungen und allergische Reaktionen in den Atemwegen hervorrufen. Weiter führt NO2 zur Bildung von saurem Regen, Smog und Ozon (O3) die sich ebenso negativ auf die menschliche Gesundheit und Umwelt auswirken [2,3]. Aufgrund dieser Effekte wird die Spurengaskonzentration von NO2 in der Luft in Deutschland an ausgewählten, verkehrsreichen Orten gemessen.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">16. Dresdner Sensor-Symposium 2022: Vorträge</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.5162/16dss2022/3.3</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-9819376-7-1</identifier>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Lukas Escher</author>
    <author>Max Müller</author>
    <author>Thomas Rück</author>
    <author>Simon Jobst</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>7737</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>40</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Kinetic cooling in mid-infrared methane photoacoustic spectroscopy: A quantitative analysis via digital twin verification</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This study presents a detailed quantitative analysis of kinetic cooling in methane photoacoustic spectroscopy, leveraging the capabilities of a digital twin model. Using a quantum cascade laser tuned to 1210.01 cm⁻¹, we investigated the effects of varying nitrogen-oxygen matrix compositions on the photoacoustic signals of 15 ppmV methane. Notably, the photoacoustic signal amplitude decreased with increasing oxygen concentration, even falling below the background signal at oxygen levels higher than approximately 6 %V. This phenomenon was attributed to kinetic cooling, where thermal energy is extracted from the surrounding gas molecules rather than added, as validated by complex vector analysis using a previously published digital twin model. The model accurately reproduced complex signal patterns through simulations, providing insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms by quantifying individual collision contributions. These findings underscore the importance of digital twins in understanding the fundamentals of photoacoustic signal generation at the molecular level.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Photoacoustics</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.pacs.2024.100652</identifier>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Thomas Rück</author>
    <author>Jonas Pangerl</author>
    <author>Lukas Escher</author>
    <author>Simon Jobst</author>
    <author>Max Müller</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <author>Frank-Michael Matysik</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Gold Open Access- Erstveröffentlichung in einem/als Open-Access-Medium</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>6464</id>
    <completedYear>2023</completedYear>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>3530</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>3537</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>9</issue>
    <volume>8</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>American Chemical Society</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Semi-Selective Array for the Classification of Purines with Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging and Deep Learning Data Analysis</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In process analytics or environmental monitoring, the real-time recording of the composition of complex samples over a long period of time presents a great challenge. Promising solutions are label-free techniques such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. They are, however, often limited due to poor reversibility of analyte binding. In this work, we introduce how SPR imaging in combination with a semi-selective functional surface and smart data analysis can identify small and chemically similar molecules. Our sensor uses individual functional spots made from different ratios of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide, which generate a unique signal pattern depending on the analyte due to different binding affinities. These patterns allow four purine bases to be distinguished after classification using a convolutional neural network (CNN) at concentrations as low as 50 μM. The validation and test set classification accuracies were constant across multiple measurements on multiple sensors using a standard CNN, which promises to serve as a future method for developing online sensors in complex mixtures.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">ACS sensors</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1021/acssensors.3c01114</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2023-08-21T08:29:45+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.user">importuser</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Simon Jobst</author>
    <author>Patrick Recum</author>
    <author>Ángela Écija-Arenas</author>
    <author>Elisabeth Moser</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <author>Thomas Hirsch</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>surface plasmon resonance imaging</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>functional surface</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>graphene oxide</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>reduced graphene oxide</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>2D materials</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>pattern recognition</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>small-molecule sensing</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>851</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>11</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>Vol. 11028</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2019-04-11</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Surface plasmon resonance imaging for detection of drug metabolites in water</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The analysis of surface water, groundwater, drinking water as well as sewage is important to get information about the contamination of the water cycle. Currently, these time-consuming investigations require special equipment, like for example hyphenated mass spectrometry. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a faster alternative as it is highly sensitive to changes in the dielectric medium next to a thin metal layer and makes it a quasi-universal detector. Therefore, and due to the labelfree nature, SPR is a widely used sensing tool for real‐time monitoring of molecular interactions of various analytes. SPR imaging (SPRi) has several advantages to standard surface plasmon resonance, as it allows to observe many analytes in parallel as well as the integration of referencing technologies. However, the homogenous illumination of a large area (several millimeters) with a small light source is challenging and demands new approaches. Allopurinol, a drug used to lower the blood concentration of urate and hence decrease the affection of gout, gets metabolized to oxipurinol in the body and dropped out almost entirely by urinary excretion. After wastewater treatment, concentrations of oxipurinol up to 21.7 μg•L-1 are detected. Further tracking of oxipurinol in the urban water cycle showed its presence in rivers and streams or even in groundwater. Therefore, the high biological stability of oxipurinol allows this molecule to be used as a marker for domestic wastewater in the environment. For the detection of oxipurinol by SPR graphene was used as receptive layer, as the analyte can bind via π-stacking to this surface. An SPRi technique was developed and compared to conventional SPR system for the detection of oxipurinol.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of SPIE, Optical Sensors 2019, 1 - 4 April 2019, Prague, Czech Republic</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1117/12.2522324</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0277-786X</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Peter Hausler</author>
    <author>Lukas Wunderlich</author>
    <author>Johannes Fischer</author>
    <author>Christina Pfab</author>
    <author>Simon Heckscher</author>
    <author>Thomas Hirsch</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1434</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2017-06-08</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Miniaturisiertes Sensorsystem zur Oberflächenplasmonenresonanzspektroskopie</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Die Oberflächenplasmonenresonanzspektroskopie (SPR) wird aufgrund ihrer Vorzüge der zerstörungs- und markierungsfreien Messung, sowie der hohen Sensitivität sehr erfolgreich im Labormaßstab eingesetzt. Aufgrund der hohen Kosten geschieht dies bislang hauptsächlich in der Bioanalytik und dem Wirkstoffscreening. Gezeigt wird ein Ansatz, mit dem diese Technologie auf ein ultrakompaktes, kostengünstiges Sensorsystem übertragen wird, welches in der Lage ist, hoch-sensitiv Änderungen im Brechungsindex von 10-6 Einheiten (RIU) zu detektieren. Für Wasser bewirkt eine Temperaturschwankung von 1 K bereits eine Änderung von 1 mRIU. Daher wird durch ein integriertes Referenzsystem, sowie die Miniaturisierung erreicht, dass das System gegenüber Temperaturschwankungen, weitestgehend stabil ist. In dem MOEMS wird anstatt der konventionellen 1-Punkt bzw. 2-Punkt Messung ein bildgebendes Verfahren angewendet. Die Sensorfläche von 15 x 15 mm wird dabei mit einem handelsüblichen 4 Mio. Pixel CMOS Sensor ausgewertet. Um verlässliche Datenpunkte zu erhalten benötigt man eine Fläche von 10 x 10 Pixel. Demzufolge können auf dem Sensor theoretisch bis zu 40.000 Sensorspots parallel ausgewertet werden.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">118. Jahrestagung der deutschen Gesellschaft für angewandte Optik (DGaO), 6.-10. Juni 2017, Dresden</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Peter Hausler</author>
    <author>Carina Roth</author>
    <author>F. Aumer</author>
    <author>Thomas Vitzthumecker</author>
    <author>Christa Genslein</author>
    <author>Thomas Hirsch</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Messtechnik</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Optische Systeme</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Spektroskopie</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
