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    <title language="eng">Advancing Negative Variability in Model-Driven Software Product Line Engineering</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Model-driven software product line engineering aims at increasing the productivity of development of variational software. The principle of negative variability is realized by a multi-variant domain model, from which elements not needed for specific product variants are removed. The application of negative variability is impeded by two factors: First, metamodel restrictions lead to limited expressiveness of the multi-variant domain model. Second, unintended information loss may occur during product derivation. In this paper, we present two conceptual extensions to model-driven product line engineering based on negative variability, being alternative mappings and surrogates. Alternative mappings virtually extend the multi-variant domain model. Surrogates repair unintended information loss by context-sensitive analyses. Both extensions have been implemented in FAMILE, a model-driven product line tool that is based on EMF. Alternative mappings are defined in a dedicated mapping model. Surrogate rules may be defined in a declarative domain-specific language and are taken into account during product derivation. The added value of alternative mappings and surrogates is demonstrated by a running example, a UML-based graph library.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Communications in Computer and Information Science</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">9783319563893</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1865-0929</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/978-3-319-56390-9_1</identifier>
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    <author>Thomas Buchmann</author>
    <author>Felix Schwägerl</author>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Unify Modeling Language</value>
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      <value>Alternative Mapping</value>
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      <value>Eclipse Modeling Framework</value>
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      <value>Feature Configuration</value>
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      <value>Surrogate Rule</value>
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    <title language="eng">White-box LLM-supported Low-code Engineering: A Vision and First Insights</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Low-code development (LCD) platforms promise to empower citizen developers to define core domain models and rules for business applications. However, as domain rules grow complex, LCD platforms may fail to do so effectively. Generative AI, driven by large language models (LLMs), offers source code generation from natural language but suffers from its non-deterministic black-box nature and limited explainability. Therefore, rather than having LLMs generate entire applications from single prompts, we advocate for a&#13;
white-box approach allowing citizen developers to specify domain models semi-formally, attaching constraints and operations as natural language annotations. These annotations are fed incrementally into an LLM contextualized with the generated application stub. This results in deterministic and better explainable generation of static application components, while offering citizen developers an appropriate level of abstraction. We report on a case study in manufacturing execution systems, where the implementation of&#13;
the approach provides first insights.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE 27th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1145/3652620.368780</identifier>
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    <author>Thomas Buchmann</author>
    <author>René Peinl</author>
    <author>Felix Schwägerl</author>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Model-driven engineering</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>large language models</value>
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      <value>low-code</value>
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      <value>semiformal</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>artificial intelligence</value>
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    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
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  <doc>
    <id>8394</id>
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    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
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    <title language="eng">To Model, to Prompt, or to Code? The Choice Is Yours: A Multi-Paradigmatic Approach to Software Development</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This paper considers three fundamental approaches to software development, namely manual coding, model-driven software engineering, and code generation by large language models. All of these approaches have their individual pros and cons, motivating the desire for an integrated approach. We present MoProCo, a technical solution to integrate the three approaches into a single tool chain, allowing the developer to split a software engineering task into modeling, prompting or coding sub-tasks. From a single input file consisting of static model structure, natural language prompts and/or source code fragments, Java source code is generated using a two-stage approach. A case study demonstrates that the MoProCo approach combines the desirable properties of the three development approaches by offering the appropriate level of abstraction, determinism, and dynamism for each specific software engineering sub-task.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Software Technologies, 10-12.Juni 2025, Bilbao</parentTitle>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Thomas Buchmann</author>
    <author>Felix Schwägerl</author>
    <author>René Peinl</author>
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    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
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  <doc>
    <id>7378</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2012</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>37</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>44</pageLast>
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    <title language="eng">Ensuring well-formedness of configured domain models in model-driven product lines based on negative variability</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Model-driven development is a well-known practice in modern software engineering. Many tools exist which allow developers to build software in a model-based or even model-driven way, but they do not provide dedicated support for software product line development. Only recently some approaches combined model-driven engineering and software product line engineering. In this paper we present an approach that allows for combining feature models and Ecore-based domain models and provides extensive support to keep the mapping between the involved models consistent. Our key contribution is a declarative textual language which allows to phrase domain-specific consistency constraints which are preserved during the configuration process in order to ensure context-sensitive syntactical correctness of derived domain models.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">FOSD '12: Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Feature-Oriented Software Development, 24. + 25. September 2012, Dresden</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1145/2377816.2377822</identifier>
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    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Thomas Buchmann</author>
    <author>Felix Schwägerl</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakIM">Fakultät Informatik und Mathematik</collection>
    <collection role="othpublikationsherkunft" number="">Externe Publikationen</collection>
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  <doc>
    <id>7365</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2016</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>203</pageFirst>
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    <title language="eng">Multi-variant model transformations - a problem statement</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Model Transformations are a key element of Model-Driven Software Engineering. As soon as variability is involved, transformations become increasingly complicated. The lack of support for variability in model transformations impairs the acceptance of approaches to organized reuse such as software product lines. In this position paper, the general problem of multi-variant model transformations is formulated for MOF-based, XMI-serialized models. A simplistic case study is presented to specify the input and the expected output of such a transformation. Furthermore, requirements for tool support are defined, including a standardized representation of both multi-variant model instances and variability information, as well as an execution specification for multi-variant transformations. A literature review reveals that the problem is weakly identified and often solved using ad-hoc solutions; there exists no tool providing a general solution to the proposed problem statement. The observation s presented here may serve for the future development of standards and tools.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Software Approaches to Software Engineering</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.5220/0005878702030209</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-989-758-189-2</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2184-4895</identifier>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Felix Schwägerl</author>
    <author>Thomas Buchmann</author>
    <author>Bernhard Westfechtel</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Model-Driven Software Engineering</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Software Product Lines</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Model Transformations</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Code Generation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakIM">Fakultät Informatik und Mathematik</collection>
    <collection role="othpublikationsherkunft" number="">Externe Publikationen</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
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  <doc>
    <id>7376</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2013</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>536</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>541</pageLast>
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    <publisherName>SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications</publisherName>
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    <title language="eng">Using Meta-code Generation to Realize Higher-order Model Transformations</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Model-driven engineering is a wide-spread paradigm in modern software engineering. During the last couple of years, many tools and languages have been developed, which are especially designed for model transformations — a discipline which is needed in many model-driven engineering approaches. While most of the existing model-to-model tools and languages are tailored towards batch transformations for specific model instances, they lack support for generic transformation problems, where the metamodel is unknown beforehand. In this paper we present a two-step meta-code generation approach that derives a metamodel-specific modelto- model transformation from a model-to-text transformation. The approach has been successfully applied to the problem of product derivation in model-driven software product lines.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Software Technologies, July 29-31, 2013, in Reykjavík, Iceland, Vol. 1</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">https://doi.org/10.5220/0004522305360541</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-989-8565-68-6</identifier>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Thomas Buchmann</author>
    <author>Felix Schwägerl</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Model-driven Development</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>M2M Transformations</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Model Transformations</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Higher-order Transformations</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Software Product Lines</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakIM">Fakultät Informatik und Mathematik</collection>
    <collection role="othpublikationsherkunft" number="">Externe Publikationen</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
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  <doc>
    <id>7364</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2016</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>83</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>73</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications</publisherName>
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    <title language="eng">Breaking the Boundaries of Meta Models and Preventing Information Loss in Model-Driven Software Product Lines</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Model-driven software product line engineering is an integrating discipline for which tool support has become available recently. However, existing tools are still immature and have several weaknesses. Among others, limitations in variability, caused by meta model restrictions, and unintended information loss are not addressed. In this paper, we present two conceptual extensions to model-driven product line engineering based on negative variability, being alternative mappings and surrogates. Alternative mappings allow for unconstrained variability, mitigating meta model restrictions by virtually extending the underlying multi-variant domain model. Surrogates prevent unintended information loss during product derivation based on a contextsensitive product analysis, which can be controlled by a declarative OCL-based language. Both extensions have been implemented in FAMILE, a model-driven product line tool that is based on EMF, provides dedicated consistency repair mechanisms, and completely automates application engineering. The added value of alternative mappings and surrogates is demonstrated by a running example.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Software Approaches to Software Engineering, Vol 1, 2016, Rome, Italy</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.5220/0005789100730083</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Thomas Buchmann</author>
    <author>Felix Schwägerl</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Software Product Lines</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Model-Driven Development</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Unconstrained Variability</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Information Loss</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Negative Variability</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Application Engineering</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakIM">Fakultät Informatik und Mathematik</collection>
    <collection role="othpublikationsherkunft" number="">Externe Publikationen</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
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