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  <doc>
    <id>3691</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
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    <type>conferencepresentation</type>
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    <title language="eng">Building Mixed Criticality Linux Systems with the Jailhouse Hypervisor</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The partitioning hypervisor Jaihouse allows us to run safety critical and uncritical applications in parallel on a single SoC. We present our experiences when porting a safety and real-time critical existing application as a Jailhouse guest. It shows a novel and promising approach for implementing mixed-criticality applications with real-time requirement while not loosing the benefits of Linux. This is done by static partitioning of hardware resources; guests do not interfere. We will present a multicopter platform running the real-time critical flight stack in an isolated Jailhouse guest. This proves the practicability of Jailhouse as well as the suitability for real-time safety critical systems by porting an existing application to a Jailhouse cell. We stress its concept and show up current hardware limitations, like undesired behaviour and present possible workarounds and solutions.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Embedded Lunux Conference + OpenIoTSummit, Portland, OR, 21.-23.02.2017</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvs0fv-gnvw</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2022-04-28T11:20:23+00:00</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="opus.import.user">importuser</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Ralf Ramsauer</author>
    <author>Jan Kiszka</author>
    <author>Wolfgang Mauerer</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakIM">Fakultät Informatik und Mathematik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Labor für Digitalisierung (LFD)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>3667</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
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    <type>conferencepresentation</type>
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    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
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    <title language="deu">Implementierung gemischt kritischer Systeme durch statische Hardwarepartitionierung</title>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Frühjahrstreffen der Fachgruppen Betriebssysteme, Hannover, 2. März 2018</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.betriebssysteme.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/fgbs18-169.pdf</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2022-04-28T11:11:46+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.user">importuser</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Ralf Ramsauer</author>
    <author>Jan Kiszka</author>
    <author>Daniel Lohmann</author>
    <author>Wolfgang Mauerer</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakIM">Fakultät Informatik und Mathematik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Labor für Digitalisierung (LFD)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>3690</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferencepresentation</type>
    <publisherName/>
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    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Spectre and Meltdown vs. Real-Time: How Much do Mitigations Cost?</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Embedded Linux Conference Europe 2018, October 22 - 24, 2018, Edinburgh, UK</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nqU4j2M_Ul4</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2022-04-28T11:20:23+00:00</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <author>Ralf Ramsauer</author>
    <author>Jan Kiszka</author>
    <author>Wolfgang Mauerer</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakIM">Fakultät Informatik und Mathematik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Labor für Digitalisierung (LFD)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2408</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>preprint</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Static Hardware Partitioning on RISC-V - Shortcomings, Limitations, and Prospects</title>
    <abstract language="eng">On embedded processors that are increasingly equipped with multiple CPU cores, static hardware partitioning is an established means of consolidating and isolating workloads onto single chips. This architectural pattern is suitable for mixed-criticality workloads that need to satisfy both, real-time and safety requirements, given suitable hardware properties. In this work, we focus on exploiting contemporary virtualisation mechanisms to achieve freedom from interference respectively isolation between workloads. Possibilities to achieve temporal and spatial isolation-while maintaining real-time capabilities-include statically partitioning resources, avoiding the sharing of devices, and ascertaining zero interventions of superordinate control structures. This eliminates overhead due to hardware partitioning, but implies certain hardware capabilities that are not yet fully implemented in contemporary standard systems. To address such hardware limitations, the customisable and configurable RISC-V instruction set architecture offers the possibility of swift, unrestricted modifications. We present findings on the current RISC-V specification and its implementations that necessitate interventions of superordinate control structures. We identify numerous issues adverse to implementing our goal of achieving zero interventions respectively zero overhead: On the design level, and especially with regards to handling interrupts. Based on micro-benchmark measurements, we discuss the implications of our findings, and argue how they can provide a basis for future extensions and improvements of the RISC-V architecture.</abstract>
    <identifier type="doi">10.48550/arXiv.2208.02703</identifier>
    <identifier type="arxiv">arXiv:2208.02703v1</identifier>
    <enrichment key="ConferenceStatement">IEEE 8th World Forum on the Internet of Things (WF-IoT), Nov. 03 - 18, 2022, Yokohama, Japan</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Ralf Ramsauer</author>
    <author>Stefan Huber</author>
    <author>Konrad Schwarz</author>
    <author>Jan Kiszka</author>
    <author>Wolfgang Mauerer</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakIM">Fakultät Informatik und Mathematik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Labor für Digitalisierung (LFD)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>3673</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>121</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>128</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Springer International Publishing</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Cham</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A Novel Software Architecture for Mixed Criticality Systems</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The advent of multi-core CPUs in nearly all embedded markets has prompted an architectural trend towards combining safety critical and uncritical software on single hardware units. We present a novel architecture for mixed criticality systems based on Linux that allows us to consolidate critical and uncritical parts onto a single hardware unit. CPU virtualisation extensions enable strict and static partitioning of hardware by direct assignment of resources, which allows us to boot additional operating systems or bare metal applications running aside Linux. The hypervisor Jailhouse is at the core of the architecture and ensures that the resulting domains may serve workloads of different criticality and can not interfere in an unintended way. This retains Linux’s feature-richness in uncritical parts, while frugal safety and real-time critical applications execute in isolated domains. Architectural simplicity is a central aspect of our approach and a precondition for reliable implementability and successful certification. While standard virtualisation extensions provided by current hardware seem to suffice for a straight forward implementation of our approach, there are a number of further limitations that need to be worked around. This paper discusses the arising issues, and evaluates the suitability of our approach for real-world safety and real-time critical scenarios.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Digital Transformation in Semiconductor Manufacturing: Proceedings of the 1st and 2nd European Advances in Digital Transformation Conference, EADTC 2018, Zittau, Germany and EADTC 2019, Milan, Italy</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/978-3-030-48602-0_11</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2022-04-28T11:11:46+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.user">importuser</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="OtherSeries">Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering ; 670</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Ralf Ramsauer</author>
    <author>Jan Kiszka</author>
    <author>Wolfgang Mauerer</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakIM">Fakultät Informatik und Mathematik</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Gold Open Access- Erstveröffentlichung in einem/als Open-Access-Medium</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Labor für Digitalisierung (LFD)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>3677</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
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    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
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    <creatingCorporation/>
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    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Look Mum, no VM Exits! (Almost)</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Multi-core CPUs are a standard component in many modern embedded systems. Their virtualisation extensions enable the isolation of services, and gain popularity to implement mixed-criticality or otherwise split systems. We present Jailhouse, a Linux-based, OS-agnostic partitioning hypervisor that uses novel architectural approaches to combine Linux, a powerful general-purpose system, with strictly isolated special-purpose components. Our design goals favour simplicity over features, establish a minimal code base, and minimise hypervisor activity. Direct assignment of hardware to guests, together with a deferred initialisation scheme, offloads any complex hardware handling and bootstrapping issues from the hypervisor to the general purpose OS. The hypervisor establishes isolated domains that directly access physical resources without the need for emulation or paravirtualisation. This retains, with negligible system overhead, Linux's feature-richness in uncritical parts, while frugal safety and real-time critical workloads execute in isolated, safe domains.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the 13th Annual Workshop on Operating Systems Platforms for Embedded Real-Time Applications (OSPERT '17)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.48550/arXiv.1705.06932</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">https://ospert2017.uni.lu/</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2022-04-28T11:11:46+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.user">importuser</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Ralf Ramsauer</author>
    <author>Jan Kiszka</author>
    <author>Daniel Lohmann</author>
    <author>Wolfgang Mauerer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>FOS: Computer and information sciences</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Operating Systems (cs.OS)</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakIM">Fakultät Informatik und Mathematik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Labor für Digitalisierung (LFD)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1383</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>periodicalpart</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace>Regensburg</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Forschungsbericht 2017</title>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-9818209-3-5</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-13835</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.35096/othr/pub-1383</identifier>
    <author>Karsten Weber</author>
    <author>Sebastian Dendorfer</author>
    <author>Franz Süß</author>
    <author>Simone Kubowitsch</author>
    <author>Thomas Schratzenstaller</author>
    <author>Sonja Haug</author>
    <author>Christa Mohr</author>
    <author>Hans Kiesl</author>
    <author>Jörg Drechsler</author>
    <author>Markus Westner</author>
    <author>Jörn Kobus</author>
    <author>Martin J. W. Schubert</author>
    <author>Stefan Zenger</author>
    <author>Alexander Pietsch</author>
    <author>Josef Weiß</author>
    <author>Sebastian Hinterseer</author>
    <author>Roland Schieck</author>
    <author>Stefanie Scherzinger</author>
    <author>Meike Klettke</author>
    <author>Andreas Ringlstetter</author>
    <author>Uta Störl</author>
    <author>Tegawendé F. Bissyandé</author>
    <author>Achim Seeburger</author>
    <author>Timo Schindler</author>
    <author>Ralf Ramsauer</author>
    <author>Jan Kiszka</author>
    <author>Andreas Kölbl</author>
    <author>Daniel Lohmann</author>
    <author>Wolfgang Mauerer</author>
    <author>Johannes Maier</author>
    <author>Ulrike Scorna</author>
    <author>Christoph Palm</author>
    <author>Alexander Soska</author>
    <author>Jürgen Mottok</author>
    <author>Andreas Ellermeier</author>
    <author>Daniel Vögele</author>
    <author>Stefan Hierl</author>
    <author>Ulrich Briem</author>
    <author>Knut Buschmann</author>
    <author>Ingo Ehrlich</author>
    <author>Christian Pongratz</author>
    <author>Benjamin Pielmeier</author>
    <author>Quirin Tyroller</author>
    <author>Gareth J. Monkman</author>
    <author>Franz Gut</author>
    <author>Carina Roth</author>
    <author>Peter Hausler</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <author>Christian Prommesberger</author>
    <author>Robert Damian Ławrowski</author>
    <author>Christoph Langer</author>
    <author>Rupert Schreiner</author>
    <author>Yifeng Huang</author>
    <author>Juncong She</author>
    <author>Andreas Ottl</author>
    <author>Walter Rieger</author>
    <author>Agnes Kraml</author>
    <author>Thomas Poxleitner</author>
    <author>Simon Hofer</author>
    <author>Benjamin Heisterkamp</author>
    <author>Maximilian Lerch</author>
    <author>Nike Sammer</author>
    <author>Olivia Golde</author>
    <author>Felix Wellnitz</author>
    <author>Sandra Schmid</author>
    <author>Claudia Muntschick</author>
    <author>Wolfgang Kusterle</author>
    <author>Ivan Paric</author>
    <author>Oliver Brückl</author>
    <author>Matthias Haslbeck</author>
    <author>Ottfried Schmidt</author>
    <author>Peter Schwanzer</author>
    <author>Hans-Peter Rabl</author>
    <author>Michael Sterner</author>
    <author>Franz Bauer</author>
    <author>Sven Steinmann</author>
    <author>Fabian Eckert</author>
    <author>Andreas Hofrichter</author>
    <series>
      <title>Forschungsberichte der OTH Regensburg</title>
      <number>2017</number>
    </series>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>swd</type>
      <value>Forschung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>swd</type>
      <value>Forschungsbericht</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="HL">Hochschulleitung/Hochschulverwaltung</collection>
    <collection role="othpublikationsherkunft" number="">Von der OTH Regensburg herausgegeben</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="weberlate">Weber, Karsten (Prof. Dr.) - Labor für Technikfolgenabschätzung und Angewandte Ethik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="IAFW">Zentrum für Forschung und Transfer (ZFT ab 2024; vorher: IAFW)</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="sternerfenes">Sterner, Michael (Prof. Dr.) - FENES / Forschungsgruppe Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bruecklfenes">Brückl, Oliver (Prof. Dr.) - FENES / Forschungsgruppe Energienetze</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="hauglasofo">Haug, Sonja (Prof. Dr.) - Labor Empirische Sozialforschung</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-oth-regensburg/files/1383/Forschungsbericht_OTHR_2017.pdf</file>
  </doc>
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