<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>2538</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1633</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>1641</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>9</issue>
    <volume>150</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Investigations on the decomposition of AdBlue urea in the liquid phase at low temperatures by an electrochemically induced pH shift</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Ammonia-based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems are the most widely used technology for reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions from lean-burn engines such as diesel engines. However, at low exhaust temperatures, the SCR process is limited by difficulties in the decomposition of the ammonia precursor urea, which is carried on-board using an aqueous solution "AdBlue". In this study, the decomposition of AdBlue urea induced by electrical current and the resulting associated pH shifts were investigated in a divided cell configuration in the liquid phase. The decomposition was found to be favored in both electrochemical compartments, anodic and cathodic, at temperatures of 60-80 degrees C compared to a reference without electrochemical treatment. In addition to the determination of ammonia contents using an ammonia sensor, IC/HPLC analyses were carried out for each sample. Different side products such as biuret, nitrate, cyanuric acid, ammelide, and others were formed. In the anodic compartment, nitrate formation could be observed due to oxidation of ammonia at the electrode surface.&#13;
[GRAPHICS]&#13;
.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Monatshefte für Chemie</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s00706-019-02406-6</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2022-01-27T14:57:35+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.user">importuser</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Peter Braun</author>
    <author>Bernhard Durner</author>
    <author>Hans-Peter Rabl</author>
    <author>Frank-Michael Matysik</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ammonia</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Catalysis</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CONVERSION</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Diesel Engine</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DOPED MN/TIO2</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Electrochemistry</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>HYDROLYSIS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>In situ pH shift</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NOX</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>OXIDATION</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>PRODUCTS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>REMOVAL</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SCR</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SELECTIVE CATALYTIC-REDUCTION</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermochemistry</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FAKMB">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16312">Energie und Mobilität</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Combustion Engines and Emissions Control Laboratory (CEEC)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2539</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>961</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>968</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>7</issue>
    <volume>91</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Investigations on the Liquid-Phase Decomposition of AdBlue Urea for the Selective Catalytic Reduction Process</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Difficulties in decomposing AdBlue to ammonia limit the applicability of selective catalytic reduction systems at low exhaust temperatures. Investigations on the decomposition of AdBlue in the liquid phase under elevated pressure at temperatures up to 165 degrees C were carried out. Besides effects of inorganic catalysts, the impact of pH on urea decomposition was examined. After dissolution in aqueous phase, the compounds ZnO, WO3, and MoO3 were found to be effective in liquid-phase AdBlue decomposition. However, the efficiency was dropping significantly over few hours. Decomposition of AdBlue urea was also found to be favored for alkaline and acidic conditions.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Chemie Ingenieur Technik</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/cite.201800055</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2022-01-27T14:57:35+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.user">importuser</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Peter Braun</author>
    <author>Hans-Peter Rabl</author>
    <author>Frank-Michael Matysik</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>AdBlue urea</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ammonia</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DeNO(x)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>EMISSIONS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>HYDROLYSIS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>KINETICS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Liquid-phase decomposition</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LOW-TEMPERATURE SCR</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>MODEL</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NOX</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Selective catalytic reduction</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FAKMB">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16312">Energie und Mobilität</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Combustion Engines and Emissions Control Laboratory (CEEC)</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
