<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>2619</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>19</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>November</issue>
    <volume>137</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Sulfate durability and leaching behaviour of dry- and wet-mix shotcrete mixes</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Shotcrete is a material frequently used in underground constructions such as tunnels, where Ca leaching and sulfate attack are important durability issues. In this study, two test methods were employed to investigate the sulfate resistance and leaching behaviour of dry- and wet-mix shotcretes in sulfate solutions on a time-resolved basis. Tests on powdered samples showed the dissolution of AFm, portlandite and C-A-S-H, subsequently followed by the precipitation of calcite and ettringite. The extent of sulfate expansion of drill cores corresponded to the chemical response of the powder materials, particularly on the reactivity of Ca- and Al-containing hydrated cement phases. The use of high-purity metakaolin (7-10 wt%) in the shotcrete binder significantly decreased the sulfate durability, while high amounts of other SCMs such as blast-furnace slag and silica fume (&gt; 20 wt%) had a positive effect on the durability of shotcrete.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Cement and Concrete Research</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106180</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2022-01-27T15:41:12+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.user">importuser</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Florian Roman Steindl</author>
    <author>Isabel Galan</author>
    <author>Andre Baldermann</author>
    <author>Marlene Sakoparnig</author>
    <author>Lukas G. Briendl</author>
    <author>Joachim Juhart</author>
    <author>Maria Thumann</author>
    <author>Martin Dietzel</author>
    <author>Rudolf Röck</author>
    <author>Wolfgang Kusterle</author>
    <author>Florian Mittermayr</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ADMIXTURES</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ALKALI-FREE</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ATTACK</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>BLAST-FURNACE SLAG</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>concrete</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Durability</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Leaching</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>MECHANISM</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>METAKAOLIN</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>RESISTANCE</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SCMs</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Shotcrete</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sulfate attack</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>TEMPERATURE</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>THAUMASITE FORM</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakBau">Fakultät Bauingenieurwesen</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16313">Gebäude und Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Hybrid Open Access - OA-Veröffentlichung in einer Subskriptionszeitschrift/-medium</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Labor für Baustoffe</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
