<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>1962</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>May 2021</issue>
    <volume>Volume 12</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Frontiers Media</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-06-01</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Happy Enough to Relax? How Positive and Negative Emotions Activate Different Muscular Regions in the Back - an Explorative Study</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Embodiment theories have proposed a reciprocal relationship between emotional state and bodily reactions. Besides large body postures, recent studies have found emotions to affect rather subtle bodily expressions, such as slumped or upright sitting posture. This study investigated back muscle activity as an indication of an effect of positive and negative emotions on the sitting position. The electromyography (EMG) activity of six back muscles was recorded in 31 healthy subjects during exposure to positive and negative affective pictures. A resting period was used as a control condition. Increased muscle activity patterns in the back were found during the exposure to negative emotional stimuli, which was mainly measured in the lumbar and thorax regions. The positive emotion condition caused no elevated activity. The findings show that negative emotions lead to increased differential muscle activity in the back and thus corroborate those of previous research that emotion affects subtle bodily expressions.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Frontiers in Psychology</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3389/fpsyg.2021.511746</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1664-1078</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Clara Scheer</author>
    <author>Simone Kubowitsch</author>
    <author>Sebastian Dendorfer</author>
    <author>Petra Jansen</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>electromyography</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>muscle activity</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>emotion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>sadness</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>happiness</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>embodiment</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="610">Medizin und Gesundheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FAKMB">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="RCBE">Regensburg Center of Biomedical Engineering - RCBE</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Gold Open Access- Erstveröffentlichung in einem/als Open-Access-Medium</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="dendorferlbm">Dendorfer, Sebastian (Prof. Dr.), Zeitschriftenbeiträge - Labor Biomechanik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16314">Lebenswissenschaften und Ethik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Labor Biomechanik (LBM)</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
