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  <doc>
    <id>3389</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferencepresentation</type>
    <publisherName>RWTH Aachen</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Heuristics in Software Modelling: An Eyetracking Study</title>
    <abstract language="eng">To investigate the role of heuristics in the domain of software engineering, an eye tracking study was conducted in which experts and novices were compared. The study focused on one of the most challenging parts in this domain: the generation of an object model for a software product based on a requirements specification. During their training, software engineers are taught different techniques to solve this task. One of these techniques is the noun/verb analysis.&#13;
However, it is still unclear to what extent novice and expert programmers are making use of it. Ideally, the noun/verb analysis works as a heuristic and helps programmers to make fast and accurate decisions. Participants in the study were 40 software programmers at four levels of expertise (novices, intermediates, experienced rogrammers, experts). They were presented with ten decision tasks. In each task, participants read a requirement specification and then had to choose one out of three presented class diagrams that they considered the best solution. During the task, their eye movements were recorded. Results show that all participants used the noun/verb analysis as a heuristic. Programmers with higher levels of expertise, however, outperformed programmers with lower levels of expertise. Interestingly, the more experienced programmers were not following the noun/verb analysis in a blindfolded way. They realised that the noun/verb analysis would produce diagrams, but a skilled software architect would not model them in this way. Instead they created their models in a way that they perceived as more logical and realistic</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Earli Book of Abstracts</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://earli.org/sites/default/files/2019-09/BOA-2019.pdf</identifier>
    <author>Florian Hauser</author>
    <author>Rebecca Reuter</author>
    <author>Andreas Gegenfurtner</author>
    <author>Hans Gruber</author>
    <author>Jürgen Mottok</author>
    <author>Ivonne Hutzler</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1039</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>VDE-Verlag</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-02-04</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Parallel Programming in Real-Time Systems</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The enormous amounts of data modern real-time systems have to process lead to expensive, long-lasting calculations. In order to manage those computations in a timely manner, parallel task models have gained a lot of popularity lately. However, parallel programming can be very cumbersome and verbose. Other computationally intensive sectors have dealt with parallel computing for decades and have accumulated their experience in the development of parallel frameworks. Examples of well known parallel runtime systems are OpenMP, Intel Threading Building Blocks (TBB) and Microsoft Parallel Pattern Library (PPL). These runtime systems allow developers to enhance parallelism in their applications in a straightforward fashion. However, those parallel frameworks and the patternbased interfaces they provide might not be easily applicable in real-time systems. In this paper, we investigate the use of parallel programming frameworks in time-critical systems. On that account, we discuss considerations for the design of real-time applications that make use of such parallel runtime systems. Furthermore, we evaluate three library-based frameworks from different computing sectors, namely Intel Threading Building Blocks, Embedded Multicore Building Blocks (EMBB) and High Performance ParalleX (HPX), by conducting benchmarks of various parallel algorithms on an embedded multicore architecture.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Architecture of computing systems - ARCS 2019, 32nd international conference, Copenhagen, Denmark, May 20-21, 2019, proceedings</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8836206</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">begutachtet</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Michael Schmid</author>
    <author>Florian Fritz</author>
    <author>Jürgen Mottok</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>858</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>153</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>157</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>VDE-Verlag</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2019-09-16</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A Measure of Confidence of Artificial Neural Network Classifiers</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Confidence in results of an Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is increased by preferring to reject data, that is not trustful, instead of risking a misclassification. For this purpose a model is proposed that is able to recognize data, which differs significantly from the training data, during inference. The proposed model observes all activations of the hidden layers, as well as input and output layers of an ANN in a grey-box view. To make ANNs more robust in safety critical applications, this model can be used to reject flawed data, that is suspected to decrease the accuracy of the model. If this information is logged during inference, it can be used to improve the model, by training it specifically with the missing information. An experiment on the MNIST dataset is conducted and its results are discussed.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">ARCS Workshop 2019; 32nd International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems,  20-21 May 2019, Copenhagen, Denmark</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8836211</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <author>Andreas Gschossmann</author>
    <author>Simon Jobst</author>
    <author>Jürgen Mottok</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <collection role="ddc" number="006">Spezielle Computerverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2702</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>6</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>University of West Bohemia</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Towards Translation of Semantics of Automotive Interface Description Models from Franca to AUTOSAR Frameworks</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The automotive industry is eventually evolving into a complex network of services. The heterogeneous and distributed nature of automotive software systems demands flexible software components which can operate in different environments. Because of heterogeneous automotive development environments, the domain experts, must cope with too many diversities, adaption layers, and incompatibilities to design applications for the current generation of autonomous driving vehicles. In this context, interface adaptation is a promising approach to achieve flexibility without directly changing the respective components. AUTOSAR, which is the de-facto standard for describing automotive system architecture and is a hugely comprehensive standard allowing designers full control from abstract system description to bare metal level deployment. However, the vehicle subsystems have still evolved to include multifarious high-level domains not covered by AUTOSAR e.g. Infotainment, Telematics etc. Therefore, it seems beneficial to bridge the semantic gaps between AUTOSAR applications and other standards of automotive application domains. The goal of this paper is to investigate interface semantic mapping and achieve transparent integration of domain-specific applications using the translation of semantics among the AUTOSAR platform software component models and other software components models of open source development platforms e.g. GENIVI. A key goal of such a modelling approach is the reuse of existing interface description languages and respective code generators. This will enhance future interoperability and decrease in incompatibility among these platforms.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">2019 International Conference on Applied Electronics (AE), 10-11 Sept. 2019, Pilsen, Czech Republic</parentTitle>
    <subTitle language="deu">An Approach using Semantic Synergies</subTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.23919/AE.2019.8867018</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2022-02-04T08:58:18+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.user">importuser</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Sangita De</author>
    <author>Michael Niklas</author>
    <author>Brian Rooney</author>
    <author>Jürgen Mottok</author>
    <author>Premek Brada</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Adaptation models</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ARXML</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Automotive engineering</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>component model</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Connectors</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>FRAMEWORK</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Franca IDL</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>interface</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Receivers</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>semantic</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>synergy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>traits</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16312">Energie und Mobilität</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1288</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>7798</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>7807</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-02-07</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Using augmented reality in software engineering education? First insights to a comparative study of 2D and AR UML modeling</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Although there has been much speculation about the potential of Augmented Reality (AR) in teaching for learning material, there is a significant lack of empirical proof about its effectiveness and implementation in higher education. We describe a software to integrate AR using the Microsoft Hololens into UML (Unified Modeling Language) teaching. Its user interface is laid out to overcome problems of existing software. We discuss the design of the tool and report a first evaluation study. The study is based upon effectiveness as a metric for students performance and components of motivation. The study was designed as control group experiment with two groups. The experimental group had to solve tasks with the help of the AR modeling tool and the control group used a classic PC software. We identified tendencies that participants of the experimental group showed more motivation than the control group. Both groups performed equally well</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) and 31st Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training (CSEE&amp;T), January 8 - 11, 2019 Grand Wailea, Hawaii</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.24251/HICSS.2019.938</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <author>Rebecca Reuter</author>
    <author>Florian Hauser</author>
    <author>Daniel Muckelbauer</author>
    <author>Theresa Stark</author>
    <author>Erika Antoni</author>
    <author>Jürgen Mottok</author>
    <author>Christian Wolff</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1310</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
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    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-02-07</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Supporting Abstraction Skills Using Augmented Reality?</title>
    <abstract language="eng">We investigated the potential of augmented reality (AR) to enable visualization of abstract concepts and present the first iteration of a teaching experiment that evaluates the use of AR as support for abstraction skills. Students were confronted with the task to present and explain information to different groups of stakeholders at the example of a coffee machine. Results show that students find it helpful to have a visual app-prototype and especially one that can be disassembled in different levels. The main goal was to sensitize students for the need to think about and to abstract information for certain roles and perspectives.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">ITiCSE '19, Proceedings of the 2019 ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, July 2019, Aberdeen Scotland UK</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1145/3304221.3325562</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Rebecca Reuter</author>
    <author>Marco Knietzsch</author>
    <author>Florian Hauser</author>
    <author>Jürgen Mottok</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1376</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>6087</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>6096</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
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    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-02-08</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Using Eye Tracking Data to analyze students’ tasks solving behavior in classroom contexts</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">12th International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI 2019), Conference Proceedings, 2019, Seville (Spain)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-84-09-14755-7</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2340-1095</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.21125/iceri.2019.1473</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Stefan Schreistetter</author>
    <author>Florian Hauser</author>
    <author>Rebecca Reuter</author>
    <author>Sabrina Jahn</author>
    <author>Jürgen Mottok</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1373</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>6825</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>6834</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-02-08</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Secure Software Engineering in academic education: students’ sreconceptions of it security</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">12th International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI2019), 11-13 November 2019, Seville, Spain</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.21125/iceri.2019.1624</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Sabrina Jahn</author>
    <author>Carolin Gold-Veerkamp</author>
    <author>Rebecca Reuter</author>
    <author>Jürgen Mottok</author>
    <author>Jörg Abke</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16315">Information und Kommunikation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1322</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>6064</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>6070</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-02-07</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Eye movements in software modelling – what do they tell us about heuristics</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">12th International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI 2019), Conference Proceedings, 2019, Seville (Spain)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-84-09-14755-7</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.21125/iceri.2019.1469</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Florian Hauser</author>
    <author>Rebecca Reuter</author>
    <author>Andreas Gegenfurtner</author>
    <author>Hans Gruber</author>
    <author>Jürgen Mottok</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1304</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>15</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>27</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Cham</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-02-07</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">S 3DES - Scalable Software Support for Dependable Embedded Systems</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Scalable Software Support for Dependable Embedded Systems (S3DES) achieves fault tolerance by utilizing spatial software-based triple modular redundancy for computational and voter processes on application level. Due to the parallel execution of the replicas on distinct CPU cores it makes a step towards software-based fault tolerance against transient and permanent random hardware errors. Additionally, the compliance with real-time requirements in terms of response time is enhanced compared to similar approaches. The replicated voters, the introduced mutual voter monitoring and the optimized arithmetic encoding allow the detection and compensation of voter failures without the utilization of backward recovery. Fault injection experiments on real hardware reveal that S3DES can detect and mask all injected data and program flow errors under a single fault assumption, whereas an uncoded voting scheme yields approx. 12% silent data corruptions in a similar experiment.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Architecture of Computing Systems - ARCS 2019, 32nd International Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark, May 20-23, 2019, Proceedings</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/978-3-030-18656-2_2</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="OtherSeries">Lecture Notes in Computer Science ; 11479</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">begutachtet</enrichment>
    <author>Lukas Osinski</author>
    <author>Jürgen Mottok</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1294</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>8</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-02-07</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Software-Based Triple Modular Redundancy with Fault-Tolerant Replicated Voters</title>
    <abstract language="eng">New computing-intensive applications such as assisted or highly automated driving are rapidly expanding the domain of safety-critical embedded systems, driven by the vision of the driverless car. This development makes it necessary to use high performance multi-core systems which are commercially available and provide more parallelism in terms of redundant execution units, however, at the cost of being less reliable. With the continuous down-scaling of semiconductor technology, computing hardware exhibits an increasing vulnerability against random hardware faults. Since these high-performance controller provide less or no hardware redundancy to ensure a safe execution of the application, software-only fault tolerance approaches are under current investigation. Our Scalable Software Support for Dependable Embedded Systems (S3DES) approach achieves fault tolerance by utilizing software-based triple modular redundancy for computational and optimized arithmetic encoded voter processes to ensure fault detection and error handling on application level. In S3DES voters are replicated to allow the compensation of voting failures. However, new challenges with regard to error propagation and multiple voting result outputs are introduced by this extension. We describe how mutual voter monitoring and threshold value checks could be used to establish a hierarchy among the replicated voters without re-introducing a reliability bottleneck in the sense of a single point of failure and resolve the aforementioned challenges.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">32nd International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, ARCS Workshop 2019, 20-21 May 2019, Copenhagen, Denmark</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8836210</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Kerstin Weiherer</author>
    <author>Lukas Osinski</author>
    <author>Jürgen Mottok</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
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  <doc>
    <id>1321</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
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    <completedDate>2021-02-07</completedDate>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Escape Rooms for teaching IT-Security</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">12th International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI2019), 11-13 November 2019, Seville, Spain</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.21125/iceri.2019.1623</identifier>
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    <author>Stefan Seebauer</author>
    <author>Sabrina Jahn</author>
    <author>Jürgen Mottok</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16314">Lebenswissenschaften und Ethik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
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  <doc>
    <id>1295</id>
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    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
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    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-02-07</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Control Flow Errors: A Discussion of Different Injection Strategies</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Among the available dependability assessment techniques, fault injection (FI) is widely adopted and strongly recommended by safety standards for the validation that functional and technical safety mechanisms are implemented correctly and effectively. The main challenge in fault injection assessments is the increasing complexity of system-on-chips as well as the increasing size of memory, which leads to enormous efforts to test every possible fault introduced to the system. Therefore, a number of publicly available fault injection frameworks utilize fault space pruning techniques to reduce the overall fault space and consequently the overall experiment duration. Most of the fault space pruning techniques mainly discuss the reduction of the number of data errors which have to be injected into registers and memory locations. However, control flow errors represent a further domain of possible errors on the application level. Usually for the evaluation of effectiveness of fault tolerance mechanisms against data errors, a single fault assumption at microarchitectural level (e.g. bit-flips) is assumed. In most cases, this assumption is equivalently applied to the program counter to investigate possible control flow errors. Due to this approach, the error space is consciously or unconsciously reduced to the possible erroneous jump targets that can be reached by a specific set of bit-flips in the program counter at a specified time during the program execution. This approach is considered valid regarding the corresponding fault assumption, but leads to negative effects on the significance of the injection and the resulting effectiveness of the tested fault tolerance mechanism. In this paper, we discuss different strategies for the analysis and injection of control flow errors and the resulting differences by considering the single fault assumption at microarchitectural and application level.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">32nd International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, ARCS Workshop 2019, 20-21 May 2019, Copenhagen, Denmark</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&amp;arnumber=8836207&amp;isnumber=8836190</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Lukas Osinski</author>
    <author>Jürgen Mottok</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16315">Information und Kommunikation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
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  <doc>
    <id>1292</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>8</pageLast>
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    <volume/>
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    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-02-07</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">On Solving Task Allocation and Schedule Generation for Time-Triggered LET Systems using Constraint Programming</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The amount of safety-critical embedded systems in automotive development is heavily growing. Ensuring their reliability not only increases the complexity of functions but also requires determinism at design and execution time, which is considerably challenging to fulfill and verify for multi-core processors. The Logical Execution Time (LET) is recently recognized in automotive industry as an approach for ensuring deterministic functional behavior. However, to decrease the manual design effort and time for deploying such complex systems to multi-core platforms and for ensuring their strict timing and safety requirements, automatic solutions are needed. This work presents a solution for allocating tasks to multi-core processors and generating a time-triggered schedule for embedded systems considering safety, timing, and LET semantics. The approach we propose solves both challenges by defining them as a Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP). To examine our CSP formulation, we use MiniZinc, which is a solver-independent constraint modeling language that can employ a variety of solvers. In a case study, we explore optimizations of an industrial system that are enabled by scheduling and task allocation design decisions. Further, the performance of the proposed solutions is evaluated based on large set of synthetically generated system models.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">32nd International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, ARCS Workshop 2019, 20-21 May 2019, Copenhagen, Denmark</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8836201</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Erjola Lalo</author>
    <author>Raphael Weber</author>
    <author>Andreas Sailer</author>
    <author>Jürgen Mottok</author>
    <author>Christian Siemers</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
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  <doc>
    <id>1293</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>8</pageLast>
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    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>IEEE</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-02-07</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Synchronization Techniques for Parallel Redundant Execution of Applications</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In fault tolerant systems, applications are replicated and executed to enable error detection and recovery. If one replica application fails, another is able to take its place and provide the correct results. This concept can benefit from parallel execution on separate execution units. The rise of multicore platforms supports the development of parallel software, by providing the adequate hardware. However, this raises challenges regarding the synchronization of the redundant strings of execution. Replica determinism means that given the same input, identical programs provide the same output. To ensure replica determinism, requirements regarding the synchronization can be split in two domains: data and time. This paper examines the state of the art of synchronization techniques for parallel replicated execution in the context of fault tolerant systems. We analyze the requirements regarding synchronization within the time and data domain and compare different concepts of hardware (multicore, multiprocessor and multi-PCB) and software (processes, threads).</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">32nd International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, ARCS Workshop 2019, 20-21 May 2019, Copenhagen, Denmark</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&amp;arnumber=8836209&amp;isnumber=8836190</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Christian Nagengast</author>
    <author>Lukas Osinski</author>
    <author>Jürgen Mottok</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16315">Information und Kommunikation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
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