<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>2586</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>12</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>352,1</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Characterizing a sensitive compact mid-infrared photoacoustic sensor for methane, ethane and acetylene detection considering changing ambient parameters and bulk composition (N2, O2 and H2O)</title>
    <abstract language="eng">We present a sensitive and compact interband cascade laser (ICL) based photoacoustic setup for the detection of gaseous hydrocarbons and discuss its applicability towards trace gas analysis. We investigated the performance of the sensor for trace concentrations of methane, ethane and acetylene diluted in nitrogen. The excitation of methane and ethane was accomplished using one tunable diode laser, covering a range from 3360 to 3372 nm, which was replaced by a separate ICL at 3025 nm for acetylene detection. The influence of ambient parameters such as temperature, flow rate and pressure as well as potential cross-sensitivities towards O2 and H2O have been examined in terms of methane and acetylene detection. A series of simulations proved several of these influences to be attributed to relaxation effects. With a 3σ limit of detection (LoD) of 6.8 parts per billion (ppbV) in case of methane, 2.3 ppbV regarding ethane and 3.6 ppbV in terms of acetylene, the sensor demonstrates a great potential for applications in the field of trace gas analysis.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.snb.2021.130962</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-25868</identifier>
    <note>Corresponding author: Jonas Pangerl</note>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2022-01-27T15:33:58+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.user">importuser</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Jonas Pangerl</author>
    <author>Max Müller</author>
    <author>Thomas Rück</author>
    <author>Stefan Weigl</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Acetylene</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cross-sensitivities</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ethane</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Interband cascade laser</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Methane</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Photoacoustic spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Relaxation effects</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Hybrid Open Access - OA-Veröffentlichung in einer Subskriptionszeitschrift/-medium</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Corresponding author der OTH Regensburg</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-oth-regensburg/files/2586/Pangerl_photoacousticsensor.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>5933</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>378</issue>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Digital Twin of a Photoacoustic Trace Gas Sensor for Monitoring Methane in Complex Gas Compositions</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The digitalization of industrial processes requires smart sensor systems. Photoacoustic spectroscopy is well suited for this purpose as it allows for small-sized and low-cost trace gas analysis. However, the method is susceptible to changes in measurement conditions and standard calibration routines often fail to correct for all changes. We therefore created a Digital Twin (DT) of a photoacoustic trace gas sensor for methane and evaluated it regarding variations in gas composition (CH4, N2, O2, CO2, H2O), temperature and pressure. With a mean absolute percentage error of 0.8 % the accuracy of the sensor after DT compensation significantly exceeds the 24 % achieved based on standard calibration in nitrogen. For the first time, we can fully analytically compute the photoacoustic signal under moderate ambient conditions with an error in the ppbV range by taking a holistic approach. Assuming knowledge of the underlying energy transfer processes, the model of this Digital Twin can be adapted to any microphone based photoacoustic sensor for monitoring any analyte species.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.snb.2022.133119</identifier>
    <note>Preprint unter: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4215170 ; https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-oth-regensburg/frontdoor/index/index/docId/5417</note>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Thomas Rück</author>
    <author>Max Müller</author>
    <author>Simon Jobst</author>
    <author>Stefan Weigl</author>
    <author>Jonas Pangerl</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <author>Frank-Michael Matysik</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digital Twin</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Photoacoustic spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Smart sensor</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Acoustic resonance monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CoNRad</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Calibration-free method</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>5937</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>12</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>30</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A sub-ppbv-level Acetone and Ethanol Quantum Cascade Laser Based Photoacoustic Sensor– Characterization and Multi-Component Spectra Recording in Synthetic Breath</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Trace gas analysis in breath is challenging due to the vast number of different components. We present a highly sensitive quantum cascade laser based photoacoustic setup for breath analysis. Scanning the range between 8263 and 8270 nm with a spectral resolution of 48 pm, we are able to quantify acetone and ethanol within a typical breath matrix containing water and CO2. We photoacoustically acquired spectra within this region of mid-infra-red light and prove that those spectra do not suffer from non-spectral interferences. The purely additive behavior of a breath sample spectrum was verified by comparing it with the independently acquired single component spectra using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. A previously presented simulation approach is improved and an error attribution study is presented. With a 3σ detection limit of 6.5 ppbv in terms of ethanol and 250 pptv regarding acetone, our system is among the best performing presented so far.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Photoacoustics</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100473</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2213-5979</identifier>
    <note>Corresponding author: Jonas Pangerl</note>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2023-04-11T12:12:35+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.user">importuser</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="CorrespondingAuthor">Jonas Pangerl</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Jonas Pangerl</author>
    <author>Elisabeth Moser</author>
    <author>Max Müller</author>
    <author>Stefan Weigl</author>
    <author>Simon Jobst</author>
    <author>Thomas Rück</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <author>Frank-Michael Matysik</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Acetone</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Breath analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Photoacoustic spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Quantum cascade laser</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Spectral simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Gold Open Access- Erstveröffentlichung in einem/als Open-Access-Medium</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Corresponding author der OTH Regensburg</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>6146</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>preprint</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A Highly Sensitive Acetone and Ethanol Quantum Cascade Laser Based Photoacoustic Sensor: Characterization and Multi-Component Spectra Recording in Synthetic Breath</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Trace gas analysis in breath is challenging due to the vast number of different components. We present a highly sensitive quantum cascade laser based photoacoustic setup for breath analysis. Scanning the range between 8260 and 8270 nm with a spectral resolution of 48 pm, we are able to quantify acetone and ethanol within a typical breath matrix containing water and CO2. We photoacoustically acquired spectra within this region of mid-infra-red light and prove that those spectra do not suffer from non-spectral interferences. The purely additive behavior of a breath sample spectrum was verified by comparing it with the independently acquired single component spectra using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. A previously presented simulation approach is improved and an error attribution study is presented. With a 3σ detection limit of 6.5 ppbV in terms of ethanol and 250 pptV regarding acetone, our system is among the best performing presented so far.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">SSRN Electronic Journal</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.2139/ssrn.4305376</identifier>
    <enrichment key="CorrespondingAuthor">Jonas Pangerl</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Jonas Pangerl</author>
    <author>Elisabeth Moser</author>
    <author>Max Müller</author>
    <author>Stefan Weigl</author>
    <author>Simon Jobst</author>
    <author>Thomas Rück</author>
    <author>Rudolf Bierl</author>
    <author>Frank-Michael Matysik</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Photoacoustic spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>quantum cascade laser</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>spectral simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>breath analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>acetone</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakANK">Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bierlsappz">Bierl, Rudolf (Prof. Dr.) - Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16317">Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Sensorik-Applikationszentrum (SappZ)</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
