<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>5119</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2004</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>667</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>674</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>27</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Dordrecht</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A haptic system for virtual reality applications based on ultrasound elastography and electrorheological fluids</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Mechanical properties of biological tissue represent important diagnostic information and are of histological and pathological relevance. Malignant tumors are significantly stiffer and more immobile than surrounding healthy tissue. Hard calcifications in vessels occur due to arteriosclerosis. The problem is, that such information is usually not available or can only be obtained by manual palpation, which is subjective and limited in sensitivity. It requires intuitive assessment and does not allow quantitative documentation. Unfortunately, none of the established medical imaging equipment such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or X-ray computed tomography (CT) can provide direct measure of tissue elasticity. On the one hand a suitable sensor is required for quantitative measurement of mechanical tissue properties. On the other hand there is also some need for a realistic haptic display of such tissue properties. Suitable actuator arrays with high spatial resolution acting in real time are required. A haptic sensor actuator system is presented in this paper including a sensitive sensor part and an actuator array for different applications. The mechanical consistency of an object is to be locally specified using a sensor system and represented perceptibly in a remote position on an actuator system for the user. The sensor system uses ultrasound (US) elastography, whereas the actuator array is based on electrorheological (ER) fluids.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Acoustical Imaging (ACIM)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/978-1-4020-2402-3_85</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-90-481-6652-7</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-1-4020-2402-3</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0270-5117</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2215-1869</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2022-08-10T04:04:43+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.user">importuser</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="ConferenceStatement">27th International Symposium on Acoustical Imaging (AI27), Saarbrücken, Germany, March 24th to March 27th 2003</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>W. Khaled</author>
    <author>Otto T. Bruhns</author>
    <author>S. Reichling</author>
    <author>Holger Böse</author>
    <author>Michael Baumann</author>
    <author>Gareth J. Monkman</author>
    <author>Stefan Egersdörfer</author>
    <author>Alexander Meier</author>
    <author>Dagmar Klein</author>
    <author>Herbert Freimuth</author>
    <author>Helmut Ermert</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Minimal Invasive Surgery</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Manual Palpation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Tactile Display</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Virtual Reality Application</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultrasound ELASTOGRAPHY</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16316">Produktion und Systeme</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Mechatronics Research Unit (MRU)</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
