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<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>1209</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2012</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>151</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>156</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-02-06</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Reliability analysis of real-time scheduling by means of stochastic simulation</title>
    <abstract language="eng">We present a simulation-based approach to reliability analysis combined with a schedulability analysis of software intensive embedded real-time systems. In such a system not only does the software execution have to be hardened against soft errors, e.g., by means of coded processing or diverse execution, but also the real-time requirements have still to be met in the presence of such error to guarantee a safe operation of the system. For that reason, the influence regarding the real-time characteristics of a given sporadic error with a certain error rate is analyzed by means of a Monte Carlo simulation. Different safety design patterns are introduced and compared. Furthermore, the impact on the schedulability of an embedded system is discussed.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">2012 International Conference on Applied Electronics (AE 2012), Pilsen, Czech Republic, 5 - 7 September 2012</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Stefan Krämer</author>
    <author>Peter Raab</author>
    <author>Jürgen Mottok</author>
    <author>Stanislav Racek</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1211</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2012</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>84</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>89</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-02-06</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Reliability of Task Execution during Safe Software Processing</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This paper presents the reliability evaluation of task execution during safe software processing. The standard method of duplication in a safety-critical application can also be applied for tasks in a software system. But in addition to this, there is also the possibility for coded task processing to increase the reliability and availability of software. The presented analysis covers the reliability analysis of a single, a duplicated and a coded task by the technique of continuous time Markov processes. Markov processes are often used for the reliability evaluation of safety-critical systems. We introduce a method to describe the execution time of tasks by means of enhanced Markov models and their solution by numerical methods.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">15th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design, Cesme, Turkey</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1109/DSD.2012.110</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Peter Raab</author>
    <author>Stanislav Racek</author>
    <author>Stefan Krämer</author>
    <author>Jürgen Mottok</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>reliability analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>continuous-time Markov process</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>error probability</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Erlang-distribution</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1238</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2016</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>102</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>112</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>Februar</issue>
    <volume>40</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-02-06</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Reliability of data processing and fault compensation in unreliable arithmetic processors, Microprocessors and Microsystems</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In logical circuits, like arithmetic operations in a processor system, arbitrary faults become a more tremendous aspect in future. Modern manufacturing processes lead to less reliability and higher vulnerability of software execution to soft-errors. The correctness of certain results is important especially for safety–critical applications whose reliability depends on the fault-free execution of each single instruction and the dependencies between them. The more complex a software is the more unreliable the outcome is. But, there is a contrary effect. If the probability for multiple faults increases, there is also the chance that two faults compensate each other and the result is correct again. This paper presents the basic ideas for such a reliability evaluation of a software's data flow with arbitrary soft-errors and the effect of fault compensation. Further, this evaluation provides a possibility to compare different implementations of a data flow with respect to the reliability. This is shown by the comparison of two different error codes as alternatives for coded data processing.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Microprocessors and Microsystems</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.micpro.2015.07.014</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Peter Raab</author>
    <author>Stefan Krämer</author>
    <author>Jürgen Mottok</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1239</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2015</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>88</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>93</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-02-06</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Proportionate fair based multicore scheduling for fault tolerant multicore real-time systems</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In this paper we present a scheduling approach for safety critical, fault tolerant, multicore real-time embedded systems. For this kind of systems, not only the correctness of a computed result but also the strict adherence to timing requirements of computation is essential to avoid any kind of damage. To react to unpredictable, arbitrary hardware faults suitable error detection mechanisms have to be applied. The caused error itself and the detection and correction have great impact on the system's timing behavior. To still keep the real-time requirements, the used scheduling algorithm has to ensure maximum flexibility to disturbances of the timing. The group of Proportionate Fair (Pfairness) multicore scheduling algorithms has been proven to create an optimal schedule in polynomial time. The contribution of this paper is a Pfair-based algorithm that uses tight coupling between the error detection mechanisms and the scheduler of the real-time operating system to establish a loop-back connection.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">International Conference on Electrical and Information Technologies (ICEIT), 25-27 March 2015, Marakesch, Morocco</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1109/EITech.2015.7162952</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Stefan Krämer</author>
    <author>Jürgen Mottok</author>
    <author>Stanislav Racek</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Multicore processing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Time factors</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Safety</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Schedules</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Scheduling algorithms</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Real-time systems</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1325</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>70</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>74</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Shaker</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Aachen</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-02-07</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Improving the reliability of an embedded real-time system by applying coded processing</title>
    <parentTitle language="deu">4th Applied Research Conference, 5th July 2014, Ingolstadt</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-8440-2875-1</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>M. Seidl</author>
    <author>Stefan Krämer</author>
    <author>Jürgen Mottok</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>4743</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>6</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>IEEE</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Estimation of Worst Case Response Time Boundaries in Multi-Core Real-Time Systems</title>
    <abstract language="eng">We address a novel probabilistic approach to estimate the Worst Case Response Time boundaries of tasks. Multi-core real-time systems process tasks in parallel on two or more cores. Tasks in our contribution may preempt other tasks, block tasks with semaphores to access global shared resources, or migrate to another core. The depicted task behavior is random. The shape of collected response times of a task within a processing time is multimodal. Extreme Value approaches need unimodal response time distributions to estimate the Worst Case Response Time of tasks. The new proposed method derives a set of three task set shapes from the source task set. It is used to minimize the uncertainty of random task behavior by maximizing the coverage of possible Worst Case Response Times. The case study evaluates the new proposed estimation method by the use of dynamically generated random tasks with varying task properties.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">2017 International Conference on Applied Electronics (AE), 5-6 Sept. 2017, Pilsen</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.23919/ae.2017.8053598</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-80-261-0641-8</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1803-7232</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2022-07-06T16:27:45+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.user">importuser</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Matthias Mucha</author>
    <author>Jürgen Mottok</author>
    <author>Stefan Krämer</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16312">Energie und Mobilität</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
