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  <doc>
    <id>7389</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>12</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue>17 / 7</issue>
    <volume>2024</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI AG</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Basel, Switzerland</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2024-08-16</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Surface Modification of Magnetoactive Elastomers by Laser Micromachining</title>
    <abstract language="eng">It has been recently demonstrated that laser micromachining of magnetoactive elastomers is a very convenient method for fabricating dynamic surface microstructures with magnetically tunable properties, such as wettability and surface reflectivity. In this study, we investigate the impact of the micromachining process on the fabricated material’s structural properties and its chemical composition. By employing scanning electron microscopy, we investigate changes in size distribution and spatial arrangement of carbonyl iron microparticles dispersed in the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix as a function of laser irradiation. Based on the images obtained by a low vacuum secondary electron detector, we analyze modifications of the surface topography. The results show that most profound modifications occur during the low-exposure (8 J/cm^2) treatment of the surface with the laser beam. Our findings provide important insights for developing theoretical models of functional properties of laser-sculptured microstructures from magnetoactive elastomers.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/ma17071550</identifier>
    <note>This research was funded by the Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS): research programs P1-0192, P2-0392, and research project J1-3006. The work of R.K. and M.S. in Regensburg was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation), project number 437391117.</note>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Izidor Straus</author>
    <author>Gaia Kravanja</author>
    <author>Luka Hribar</author>
    <author>Raphael Kriegl</author>
    <author>Matija Jezeršek</author>
    <author>Mikhail Shamonin (Chamonine)</author>
    <author>Irena Drevenšek‐Olenik</author>
    <author>Gašper Kokot</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>magnetoactive elastomer</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>MAE</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>laser micromachining</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>particle distributions</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SEM</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Gold Open Access- Erstveröffentlichung in einem/als Open-Access-Medium</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16316">Produktion und Systeme</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Labor Intelligente Materialien und Strukturen</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>7998</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>American Society of Mechanical Engineers</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>New York, USA</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Characterization of Tunable Rebound Properties of Microstructured Magnetoactive Elastomers</title>
    <abstract language="eng">We present a novel method to control the rebounding behavior of small mm-sized solid balls by employing magnetoactive elastomers (MAEs) with microstructured surfaces. An MAE is a composite material consisting of μm-sized ferromagnetic particles dispersed in a soft elastomer (e.g., polydimethylsiloxane) matrix. In the act of rebounding, the ball hits an MAE surface and bounces back. The MAE samples contained 75 wt.% of iron. This composite material is known to respond to an applied magnetic field with increased stiffness (due to the magnetorheological effect) and plasticity. To adjust the rebound properties, the top layer of the MAE material was additionally modified by micromachining lamellar structures with different dimensions on the 100 μm scale via laser ablation. Due to the resulting high aspect ratio, these surface structures were sensitive to the magnetic field direction. The lamellas could stand up straight or lay down flat. The rebound behavior was evaluated by using a custom build apparatus that facilitates dropping of the balls in a precise and repeatable manner. A ball was dropped from different heights. The ball trajectory was captured with a high-speed camera to investigate the rebound properties. The recorded video was processed using a custom software written in Python. The experimental procedure and data processing algorithms are presented in detail. The results for the samples with different geometrical dimensions are provided as examples. It is made evident that the magnetic field influences the rebound properties of small non-magnetic balls impinging microstructured MAE surfaces. The change in surface topography is an effective way to control the ball rebound. The fabrication flexibility in geometrical dimensions of surface microstructures opens a convenient way to tune the desired response to magnetic fields. The presented idea may find applications in impact mitigation or small-scale sorting machinery, e.g. for recycling.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">ASME 2024 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems (SMASIS), September 9–11, 2024, Atlanta, Georgia, USA</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1115/SMASIS2024-139154</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-0-7918-8832-2</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">doi-import</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
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    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Raphael Kriegl</author>
    <author>Matija Jezeršek</author>
    <author>Gaia Kravanja</author>
    <author>Luka Hribar</author>
    <author>Gašper Kokot</author>
    <author>Irena Drevenšek‐Olenik</author>
    <author>Mikhail Shamonin (Chamonine)</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16316">Produktion und Systeme</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Labor Intelligente Materialien und Strukturen</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2581</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>24</issue>
    <volume>13</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Reconfigurable Surface Micropatterns Based on the Magnetic Field-Induced Shape Memory Effect in Magnetoactive Elastomers</title>
    <abstract language="eng">A surface relief grating with a period of 30 mu m is embossed onto the surface of magnetoactive elastomer (MAE) samples in the presence of a moderate magnetic field of about 180 mT. The grating, which is represented as a set of parallel stripes with two different amplitude reflectivity coefficients, is detected via diffraction of a laser beam in the reflection configuration. Due to the magnetic-field-induced plasticity effect, the grating persists on the MAE surface for at least 90 h if the magnetic field remains present. When the magnetic field is removed, the diffraction efficiency vanishes in a few minutes. The described effect is much more pronounced in MAE samples with larger content of iron filler (80 wt%) than in the samples with lower content of iron filler (70 wt%). A simple theoretical model is proposed to describe the observed dependence of the diffraction efficiency on the applied magnetic field. Possible applications of MAEs as magnetically reconfigurable diffractive optical elements are discussed. It is proposed that the described experimental method can be used as a convenient tool for investigations of the dynamics of magnetically induced plasticity of MAEs on the micrometer scale.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Polymers</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/polym13244422</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2022-01-27T15:33:58+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.user">importuser</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Matija Lovšin</author>
    <author>Dominik Brandl</author>
    <author>Gašper Glavan</author>
    <author>Inna A. Belyaeva</author>
    <author>Luka Cmok</author>
    <author>Lucija Coga</author>
    <author>Mitjan Kalin</author>
    <author>Mikhail Shamonin (Chamonine)</author>
    <author>Irena Drevenšek‐Olenik</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ADHESION</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>friction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>magnetoactive elastomers</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>magnetorheological elastomer</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>optical diffraction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>shape memory effect</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>surface microstructuring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>TEMPERATURE</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Gold Open Access- Erstveröffentlichung in einem/als Open-Access-Medium</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16316">Produktion und Systeme</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Labor Intelligente Materialien und Strukturen</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>5524</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>21</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>18</issue>
    <volume>14</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Microstructured Magnetoactive Elastomers for Switchable Wettability</title>
    <abstract language="eng">We demonstrate the control of wettability of non-structured and microstructured magnetoactive elastomers (MAEs) by magnetic field. The synthesized composite materials have a concentration of carbonyl iron particles of 75 wt.% (≈27 vol.%) and three different stiffnesses of the elastomer matrix. A new method of fabrication of MAE coatings on plastic substrates is presented, which allows one to enhance the response of the apparent contact angle to the magnetic field by exposing the particle-enriched side of MAEs to water. A magnetic field is not applied during crosslinking. The highest variation of the contact angle from (113 ± 1)° in zero field up to (156 ± 2)° at about 400 mT is achieved in the MAE sample with the softest matrix. Several lamellar and pillared MAE structures are fabricated by laser micromachining. The lateral dimension of surface structures is about 50 µm and the depth varies between 3 µm and 60 µm. A systematic investigation of the effects of parameters of laser processing (laser power and the number of passages of the laser beam) on the wetting behavior of these structures in the absence and presence of a magnetic field is performed. In particular, strong anisotropy of the wetting behavior of lamellar structures is observed. The results are qualitatively discussed in the framework of the Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter models. Finally, directions of further research on magnetically controlled wettability of microstructured MAE surfaces are outlined. The obtained results may be useful for the development of magnetically controlled smart surfaces for droplet-based microfluidics.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Polymers</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/polym14183883</identifier>
    <identifier type="pmid">36146027</identifier>
    <note>Corresponding authors: Raphael Kriegl und Mikhail Shamonin</note>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2022-10-28T17:12:32+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="CorrespondingAuthor">Raphael Kriegl und Mikhail Shamonin</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Raphael Kriegl</author>
    <author>Gaia Kravanja</author>
    <author>Luka Hribar</author>
    <author>Lucija Čoga</author>
    <author>Irena Drevenšek‐Olenik</author>
    <author>Matija Jezeršek</author>
    <author>Mitjan Kalin</author>
    <author>Mikhail Shamonin (Chamonine)</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Gold Open Access- Erstveröffentlichung in einem/als Open-Access-Medium</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16316">Produktion und Systeme</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Corresponding author der OTH Regensburg</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Labor Intelligente Materialien und Strukturen</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>7291</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>6</issue>
    <volume>33</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>IOP Publishing</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2024-05-26</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Tunable rebound of millimeter-sized rigid balls by magnetic actuation of elastomer-based surface microstructures</title>
    <abstract language="eng">A novel method for controlling the rebound behavior of small balls made of Al2O3 with a radius of 2.381 mm is presented. It uses different types of micro-structured surfaces of soft magnetoactive elastomers. These surfaces were fabricated via laser micromachining and include fully ablated surfaces as well as micrometer-sized lamellas with a fixed width of 90 µm, height of 250 µm and three different gap sizes (15, 60 and 105 µm). The lamellas can change their orientation from edge-on to face-on configuration according to the direction of the external magnetic field from a permanent magnet. The orientation of the external magnetic field significantly influences the rebound behavior of the balls, from a coefficient of restitution e of to &lt; 0.1. The highest relative change in the coefficient of restitution between zero field and face-on configuration of is observed for lamellas with a gap of 60 µm. Other characteristics of the ball rebound such as the penetration depth into an Magnetoactive elastomer and the maximum deceleration are investigated as well. The proposed method does not require a constant power supply due to the use of permanent magnets. It may find novel applications in the field of impact engineering.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Smart Materials and Structures</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1088/1361-665X/ad41a9</identifier>
    <note>Zugehöriges Datenset: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10419411</note>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Raphael Kriegl</author>
    <author>Matija Jezeršek</author>
    <author>Gaia Kravanja</author>
    <author>Luka Hribar</author>
    <author>Soham Mukhi</author>
    <author>Gašper Kokot</author>
    <author>Irena Drevenšek‐Olenik</author>
    <author>Mikhail Shamonin (Chamonine)</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16316">Produktion und Systeme</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>8535</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>15</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>JoVE</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Laser Micromachining for Polymer Surface Topography Designt</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Soft magnetoactive elastomers (MAEs) are smart materials that respond to external magnetic fields by dynamically altering their mechanical properties. They are composed of magnetically responsive microparticles embedded within a soft polymer matrix, exhibiting an effective shear modulus of up to 100 kPa. In recent decades, MAEs' bulk properties have been successfully exploited for applications such as dynamic vibration damping, vibration sensing, and actuation in soft robotics. Recent research has shifted to their surface properties, revealing promising results on tunable surface features such as roughness, adhesion, and wetting. Even the transport of small solid and fluid objects was demonstrated. The associated surface effects can be significantly enhanced through the precise engineering of surface topography. In this article, an efficient laser micromachining technique, with a resolution of 15 µm, is presented, which enables rapid prototyping of MAE surfaces. It allows the creation of various complex shapes and offers functionality beyond the one achievable with traditional molding techniques. Additionally, the approach is versatile and can be applied to any polymer that sufficiently absorbs the laser light. As an example, a lamellar surface micro-pattern fabrication process and its characterization by optical and scanning electron microscopies are shown. Its response to a magnetic field is demonstrated. The technique provides a flexible and fast solution for optimizing polymer surface design across a wide range of applications.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">JoVE journal : engineering</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3791/68126</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <author>Izidor Straus</author>
    <author>Gaia Kravanja</author>
    <author>Raphael Kriegl</author>
    <author>Mikhail Shamonin (Chamonine)</author>
    <author>Irena Drevenšek-Olenik</author>
    <author>Matija Jezeršek</author>
    <author>Gašper Kokot</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="DFGFachsystematik" number="1">Ingenieurwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="">Materialien und Produktion</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>9030</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2026</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>9</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue>6</issue>
    <volume>28</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Transfer of Energy and Momentum Between Magnetoactive Surface Microstructure and a Solid Object</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Transport systems utilizing magnetic materials are very promising for applications that require contactless operation and compatibility with biological processes. A critical parameter in these systems is the efficiency of energy and momentum transfer between the transporting platform and the objects being transported. We investigate the physical mechanisms driving directional transport of solid objects by microlamellar structures laser-inscribed on the surface of a magnetoactive elastomer (MAE). When subjected to a rotating magnetic field with a magnitude of 175 mT and a time period of 0.4 s, the lamellas reorient within a few milliseconds, reaching angular velocities up to 1100 rad s−1. This rapid motion is crucial for efficient momentum and energy transfer to objects in contact with the lamellas. The analysis of collisions of a single lamella with a lead ball with a 2.2 mm diameter shows that the lamella can transfer around 50 nJ of energy, propelling the ball to a speed of around 35 mm s−1. We show how this value sets the upper limit for the ball's transport speed on microlamellar structures. We also explain the background of three distinct transport regimes (kicking, pushing, and bouncing modes) observed on these magnetically driven “conveyor belts”.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Advanced Engineering Materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/adem.202502369</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2026-04-01T13:58:42+00:00</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Arne Geldof</author>
    <author>Jan Kopačin</author>
    <author>Izidor Straus</author>
    <author>Raphael Kriegl</author>
    <author>Gaia Kravanja</author>
    <author>Luka Hribar</author>
    <author>Matija Jezeršek</author>
    <author>Mikhail Shamonin</author>
    <author>Gašper Kokot</author>
    <author>Irena Drevenšek‐Olenik</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Hybrid Open Access - OA-Veröffentlichung in einer Subskriptionszeitschrift/-medium</collection>
    <collection role="funding" number="">DEAL Wiley</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Labor Intelligente Materialien und Strukturen</collection>
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    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="">Materialien und Produktion</collection>
  </doc>
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