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  <doc>
    <id>1312</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>402</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferencepresentation</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-02-07</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Der Gaze Relational Index als Indikator visueller Expertise</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Eye tracking is a powerful technique that helps reveal how people process visual information. This paper discusses a novel metric for indicating expertise in visual information processing. Named the Gaze Relational Index (GRI), this metric is defined as the ratio of mean fixation duration to fixation count. Data from two eye-tracking studies of professional vision and visual expertise in using 3D dynamic medical visualizations are presented as cases to illustrate the suitability and additional benefits of the GRI. Calculated values of the GRI were higher for novices than for experts, and higher in non-representative, semi-familiar / unfamiliar task conditions than in domain-representative familiar tasks. These differences in GRI suggest that, compared to novices, experts engaged in more knowledge-driven, top-down processing that was characterized by quick, exploratory visual search. We discuss future research aiming to replicate the GRI in professional domains with complex visual stimuli and to identify the moderating role of cognitive ability on GRI estimates.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">51. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie : 15. bis 20. September 2018, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Campus Westend</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2573-2773</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Andreas Gegenfurtner</author>
    <author>Jean-Michel Boucheix</author>
    <author>Hans Gruber</author>
    <author>Florian Hauser</author>
    <author>Erno Lehtinen</author>
    <author>Richard K. Lowe</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16315">Information und Kommunikation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1022</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-02-03</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Tutorial on Software Engineering Education in Co-Located Multi-User Eye-Tracking-Environments</title>
    <abstract language="eng">We briefly describe a tutorial on the application of Eye-Tracking technology for Software Engineering Education. We will showcase our setup of a large-scale Eye-Tracking-Classroom and its usage for real-time improvement of traditional learning scenarios in Software Engineering Education. We will focus on the integration of gaze data into modern integrated development environments (IDEs) and demonstrate a complete workflow for its usage in co-located multi-user Eye-Tracking-Environments.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the 32nd IEEE Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training: Munich, November 2020</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1109/CSEET49119.2020.9206170</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Hans Gruber</author>
    <author>Christian Wolff</author>
    <author>Jürgen Mottok</author>
    <author>Alexander Bazo</author>
    <author>Florian Hauser</author>
    <author>Stefan Schreistetter</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>eye-tracking</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>software engineering education</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>multi-user eye tracking</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>real-time learning scenarios</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1029</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>5</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-02-03</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Code reviews in C++: Preliminary results from an eye tracking study</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Code reviews are an essential part of quality assurance in modern software projects. But despite their great importance, they are still carried out in a way that relies on human skills and decisions. During the last decade, there have been several publications on code reviews using eye tracking as a method, but only a few studies have focused on the performance differences between experts and novices. To get a deeper understanding of these differences, the following experiment was developed: This study surveys expertise-related differences in experts’, advanced programmers’, and novices’ eye movements during the review of eight short C++ code examples, including correct and erroneous codes. A sample of 35 participants (21 novices, 14 advanced and expert programmers) were recruited. A Tobii Spectrum 600 was used for the data collection. Measures included participants’ eye movements during the code review, demographic background data, and cued retrospective verbal comments on replays of their own eye movement recordings. Preliminary results give proof for experience-related differences between participants. Advanced and expert programmers performed significantly better in case of error detection and the eye tracking data implies a more efficient reviewing strategy.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">ETRA '20 Short Papers: ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and ApplicationsJune 2020</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">ISBN 9781450371346</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1145/3379156.3391980</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Florian Hauser</author>
    <author>Stefan Schreistetter</author>
    <author>Rebecca Reuter</author>
    <author>Jürgen Mottok</author>
    <author>Hans Gruber</author>
    <author>Kenneth Holmqvist</author>
    <author>Nick Schorr</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1028</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>42</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>46</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-02-03</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Deliberate Practice in Programming: How is it carried out by programmers?</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This work in progress study examines through which activities programmers perform deliberate practice to improve their own skills in coding and programming. For this reason, a qualitative questionnaire was developed and conducted with a sample of 22 participants. The results indicate that programmers perform formal and informal forms of training and learning. Typically, a classical programming training in the context of a university course or for work-related reasons is a first step in the acquisition of expertise. Building on these basic skills, non-formal and informal learning activities are carried out by the learners. Especially the social interaction and the collaborative work with other programmers is of great importance in this context. The activities mentioned by the test persons fulfil the characteristics of deliberate practice and will be examined more closely in a further study.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">ECSEE '20: Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Software Engineering Education, Seeon, Germany, June 2020</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">ISBN 9781450377522</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1145/3396802.3396815</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <author>Florian Hauser</author>
    <author>Theresa Stark</author>
    <author>Jürgen Mottok</author>
    <author>Hans Gruber</author>
    <author>Rebecca Reuter</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16315">Information und Kommunikation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>3033</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>458</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>480</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>5</issue>
    <volume>50</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Verlag neue praxis</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Interkulturelle Sensibilität. Erkenntnisse zum Erwerb eines typischen Lernziels für Studierende des Studiengangs Soziale Arbeit</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Rainer Schliermann, Irmgard Schroll-Decker, Julia Schuder und Hans Gruber unternehmen mit ihrer empirisch-quantitativen Studie den Versuch herauszufinden, welche Auswirkungen studien- und praxisbezogene Interkulturalitäts-Begegnungen auf den Erwerb Interkultureller Sensibilität der Studierenden der Studiengänge Soziale Arbeit haben. Die untersuchten Rahmenbedingungen wurden in personen-, ausbildungs- und berufsbezogene interkulturelle Erfahrungsbildung eingeteilt, wobei unterstellt wurde, dass diese Erfahrungsbildung den Erwerb Interkultureller Sensibilität fördert.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Neue Praxis</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2022-03-07T13:33:46+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.user">importuser</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Rainer Schliermann</author>
    <author>Irmgard Schroll-Decker</author>
    <author>Julia Schuder</author>
    <author>Hans Gruber</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakSoz">Fakultät Sozial- und Gesundheitswissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16314">Lebenswissenschaften und Ethik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>3388</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>32</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>40</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>March</issue>
    <volume>3</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Michigan State University</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">The gaze relational index as a measure of visual expertise</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Eye tracking is a powerful technique that helps reveal how people process visual information. This paper discusses a novel metric for indicating expertise in visual information processing. Named the Gaze&#13;
Relational Index (GRI), this metric is defined as the ratio of mean fixation duration to fixation count.&#13;
Data from two eye-tracking studies of professional vision and visual expertise in using 3D dynamic medical visualizations are presented as cases to illustrate the suitability and additional benefits of the&#13;
GRI. Calculated values of the GRI were higher for novices than for experts, and higher in non-representative, semi-familiar / unfamiliar task conditions than in domain-representative familiar tasks.&#13;
These differences in GRI suggest that, compared to novices, experts engaged in more knowledge-driven, top-down processing that was characterized by quick, exploratory visual search. We discuss future&#13;
research aiming to replicate the GRI in professional domains with complex visual stimuli and to identify the moderating role of cognitive ability on GRI estimates.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Expertise</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2573-2773</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.journalofexpertise.org/articles/volume3_issue1/JoE_3_1_Gegenfurtner.pdf</identifier>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Andreas Gegenfurtner</author>
    <author>Jean-Michel Boucheix</author>
    <author>Hans Gruber</author>
    <author>Florian Hauser</author>
    <author>Erno Lehtinen</author>
    <author>Richard K. Lowe</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>eye tracking</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>fixations</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>information processing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>professional vision</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>visual expertise</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16315">Information und Kommunikation</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Diamond Open Access - OA-Veröffentlichung ohne Publikationskosten (Sponsoring)</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
