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  <doc>
    <id>3391</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
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    <type>conferencepresentation</type>
    <publisherName>RWTH Aachen</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
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    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Automatic generation of areas of interest in eye tracking: The case of software engineering</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Earli Book of Abstracts</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://earli.org/sites/default/files/2019-09/BOA-2019.pdf</identifier>
    <author>Rebecca Reuter</author>
    <author>Thomas Langer</author>
    <author>Florian Hauser</author>
    <author>Daniel Muckelbauer</author>
    <author>Andreas Gegenfurtner</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1312</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>402</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferencepresentation</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-02-07</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Der Gaze Relational Index als Indikator visueller Expertise</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Eye tracking is a powerful technique that helps reveal how people process visual information. This paper discusses a novel metric for indicating expertise in visual information processing. Named the Gaze Relational Index (GRI), this metric is defined as the ratio of mean fixation duration to fixation count. Data from two eye-tracking studies of professional vision and visual expertise in using 3D dynamic medical visualizations are presented as cases to illustrate the suitability and additional benefits of the GRI. Calculated values of the GRI were higher for novices than for experts, and higher in non-representative, semi-familiar / unfamiliar task conditions than in domain-representative familiar tasks. These differences in GRI suggest that, compared to novices, experts engaged in more knowledge-driven, top-down processing that was characterized by quick, exploratory visual search. We discuss future research aiming to replicate the GRI in professional domains with complex visual stimuli and to identify the moderating role of cognitive ability on GRI estimates.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">51. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie : 15. bis 20. September 2018, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Campus Westend</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2573-2773</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Andreas Gegenfurtner</author>
    <author>Jean-Michel Boucheix</author>
    <author>Hans Gruber</author>
    <author>Florian Hauser</author>
    <author>Erno Lehtinen</author>
    <author>Richard K. Lowe</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16315">Information und Kommunikation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>3389</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferencepresentation</type>
    <publisherName>RWTH Aachen</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Heuristics in Software Modelling: An Eyetracking Study</title>
    <abstract language="eng">To investigate the role of heuristics in the domain of software engineering, an eye tracking study was conducted in which experts and novices were compared. The study focused on one of the most challenging parts in this domain: the generation of an object model for a software product based on a requirements specification. During their training, software engineers are taught different techniques to solve this task. One of these techniques is the noun/verb analysis.&#13;
However, it is still unclear to what extent novice and expert programmers are making use of it. Ideally, the noun/verb analysis works as a heuristic and helps programmers to make fast and accurate decisions. Participants in the study were 40 software programmers at four levels of expertise (novices, intermediates, experienced rogrammers, experts). They were presented with ten decision tasks. In each task, participants read a requirement specification and then had to choose one out of three presented class diagrams that they considered the best solution. During the task, their eye movements were recorded. Results show that all participants used the noun/verb analysis as a heuristic. Programmers with higher levels of expertise, however, outperformed programmers with lower levels of expertise. Interestingly, the more experienced programmers were not following the noun/verb analysis in a blindfolded way. They realised that the noun/verb analysis would produce diagrams, but a skilled software architect would not model them in this way. Instead they created their models in a way that they perceived as more logical and realistic</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Earli Book of Abstracts</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://earli.org/sites/default/files/2019-09/BOA-2019.pdf</identifier>
    <author>Florian Hauser</author>
    <author>Rebecca Reuter</author>
    <author>Andreas Gegenfurtner</author>
    <author>Hans Gruber</author>
    <author>Jürgen Mottok</author>
    <author>Ivonne Hutzler</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1322</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>6064</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>6070</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-02-07</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Eye movements in software modelling – what do they tell us about heuristics</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">12th International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI 2019), Conference Proceedings, 2019, Seville (Spain)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-84-09-14755-7</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.21125/iceri.2019.1469</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Florian Hauser</author>
    <author>Rebecca Reuter</author>
    <author>Andreas Gegenfurtner</author>
    <author>Hans Gruber</author>
    <author>Jürgen Mottok</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1313</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-02-07</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Eye movement patterns in source code review</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This study is based on the work of Uwano, Nakamura, Monden and Matsumoto (2006) who tried to identify programmers’ eye movements in source code reviews by using eye tracking technology. The researchers were able to identify certain eye movement patterns but due to the technical limitations of earlier eye tracking systems and a small sample they could not find a valid proof for their existence. Now, twelve years later, the eye tracking technology has made significant improvements and is able to capture programmers’ reading behavior in an unobtrusive and precise way. Now the goal is to verify the described patterns by using eye tracking data from expert and novice programmers. In the experiment they have to detect errors in six different codes and take part in a retrospective interview. At the moment, data collections are ongoing. At the time of the conference, we will present the results of our analyses.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">EARLI SIG 17 and 25 Biennial Conference 2018, Cambridge, United Kingdom</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Florian Hauser</author>
    <author>Andreas Gegenfurtner</author>
    <author>Ivonne Hutzler</author>
    <author>Rebecca Reuter</author>
    <author>Jürgen Mottok</author>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16311">Digitalisierung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>3388</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>32</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>40</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>March</issue>
    <volume>3</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Michigan State University</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">The gaze relational index as a measure of visual expertise</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Eye tracking is a powerful technique that helps reveal how people process visual information. This paper discusses a novel metric for indicating expertise in visual information processing. Named the Gaze&#13;
Relational Index (GRI), this metric is defined as the ratio of mean fixation duration to fixation count.&#13;
Data from two eye-tracking studies of professional vision and visual expertise in using 3D dynamic medical visualizations are presented as cases to illustrate the suitability and additional benefits of the&#13;
GRI. Calculated values of the GRI were higher for novices than for experts, and higher in non-representative, semi-familiar / unfamiliar task conditions than in domain-representative familiar tasks.&#13;
These differences in GRI suggest that, compared to novices, experts engaged in more knowledge-driven, top-down processing that was characterized by quick, exploratory visual search. We discuss future&#13;
research aiming to replicate the GRI in professional domains with complex visual stimuli and to identify the moderating role of cognitive ability on GRI estimates.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Expertise</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2573-2773</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.journalofexpertise.org/articles/volume3_issue1/JoE_3_1_Gegenfurtner.pdf</identifier>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Andreas Gegenfurtner</author>
    <author>Jean-Michel Boucheix</author>
    <author>Hans Gruber</author>
    <author>Florian Hauser</author>
    <author>Erno Lehtinen</author>
    <author>Richard K. Lowe</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>eye tracking</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>fixations</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>information processing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>professional vision</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>visual expertise</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16315">Information und Kommunikation</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Diamond Open Access - OA-Veröffentlichung ohne Publikationskosten (Sponsoring)</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Laboratory for Safe and Secure Systems (LAS3)</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
