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  <doc>
    <id>5876</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>46</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>55</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Conexio-PSE GmbH</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Pforzheim</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-02-04</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Q-Dynamik: Blindleistungsstellgeschwindigkeiten im Verteilnetz</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Mit der Energiewende geht eine starke Dezentralisierung der Energieeinspeisung einher. So sind im Deutschland des Jahres 2020 rund 31.000 Windenergieanlagen (WEA) in Betrieb, während bei der Solarenergie vor kurzem die zweimillionste Photovoltaik-Anlage (PVA) installiert wurde. Fast alle diese dezentralen Energieressourcen (DER) sind nach den Einspeiserichtlinien der Vergangenheit und der Gegenwart in der Lage, Blindleistung bereitzustellen, um die Spannung im Netz zu regeln und zum Blindleistungsausgleich beizutragen. Weitere potentielle dezentrale Blindleistungsquellen wie  Blockheizkraftwerke, Kompensationsanlagen und perspektivisch sogar Verbraucher und Speicher sind im Verteilnetz zu finden. Durch den stetigen Rückbau konventioneller Großkraftwerke, welche dem Übertragungsnetz bisher als Blindleistungsquellen zur Verfügung standen, bedarf es einer Untersuchung mit der Fragestellung, in welchem Maß die neue Erzeugungslandschaft auch in diesem Feld als Ersatz dienen kann. Ein mögliches Hindernis für einen breitangelegten Einsatz von DER zu Zwecken des spannungsebenenübergreifenden Blindleistungsmanagements ist mangelndes Wissen über die Regeldynamik dieser verteilten Blindleistungsquellen. Übertragungs- und Verteilnetzbetreiber, die DER aktiv für Blindleistungsausgleich oder statische Spannungsregelung einsetzen, geben in der Regel ihre Blindleistungsanforderungen in kleineren Stufen mit erheblichen Latenzzeiten zwischen zwei Schritten weiter. Befürchtet wird, dass schnellere Sprünge in der Blindleistungsvorgabe zu instabilen Betriebszuständen oder anderweitigen Fehlfunktionen im Netz führen können. Eine genauere Kenntnis der dynamischen Fähigkeiten vorhandener Blindleistungsquellen sowie der Auswirkungen auf die Netzstabilität und den Netzschutz könnte dazu beitragen, die Geschwindigkeit der Blindleistungsbereitstellung zu optimieren und somit temporäre Spannungsschwankungen und -verluste zu minimieren und die Spannungsstabilität insgesamt zu verbessern. Durch eine entsprechende Regelungs- und Einsatzstrategie kann ein optimales Zusammenspiel der verschiedenen Technologien zur Deckung der Blindleistungsbedarfe für unterschiedliche Zeitbereiche erzielt werden. Hierfür ist eine genaue Kenntnis der Blindleistungsstellgeschwindigkeiten und des dynamischen Regelverhaltens erforderlich. Dieser Beitrag stellt dazu Ergebnisse aus dem Forschungsprojekt „Q-Integral“ vor. Um die relevanten Zeitkonstanten der Blindleistungsbereitstellung vollständig aufzuführen, werden zunächst typische Kommunikationszeiten für die Übermittlung von Sollwerten diskutiert. Anschließend werden Untersuchungen zu theoretischen und praktischen Reaktionszeiten verschiedener Blindleistungsquellen vorgestellt. Dafür werden verschiedene Technologien wie Umrichter für PVA, Batteriespeicher und WEA sowie Synchrongeneratoren, die bei thermischen Kraftwerken die dominierende Technologie sind, betrachtet. Abschließend werden diese Werte mit realen Blindleistungsstellgeschwindigkeiten von ausgedehnten Wind- und Solarkraftwerken verglichen.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Zukünftige Stromnetze: 27.-28. Januar 2021, 03.-04. Februar 2021, Tagungsunterlagen</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-948176-12-9</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-58762</identifier>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">begutachtet</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="Kostentraeger">Q-Integral, FKZ: 0350061</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Robin Grab</author>
    <author>Johannes Rauch</author>
    <author>Rebekka Götz</author>
    <author>Oliver Brückl</author>
    <author>Stefan Eichner</author>
    <author>Bernd Engel</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blindleistung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blindleistungsmanagement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Q-Dynamik</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blindleistungsquellen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Verteilungsnetz</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16312">Energie und Mobilität</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bruecklfenes">Brückl, Oliver (Prof. Dr.) - FENES / Forschungsgruppe Energienetze</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Forschungsstelle für Energienetze und Energiespeicher (FENES) / Forschungsgruppe Energienetze</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-oth-regensburg/files/5876/Grab_Rauch_et_al_Q-Dynamik_Verteilungsnetz.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>5866</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>117</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>126</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Conexio-PSE GmbH</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Pforzheim</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2022-01-27</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Konzeptionierung netzplanerischer Prozessansätze zur Ermittlung von Blindleistungskapazitäten zum Ausgleich des Blindleistungsbedarfs in einer Netzregion</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Um einen sicheren und zuverlässigen Stromnetzbetrieb zu gewährleisten, muss die Spannung im Grundfall als auch bei ungeplanten Ausfällen in definierten Bereichen gehalten werden. Im Übertragungsnetz wird hierfür bisher Blindleistung hauptsächlich aus Blindleistungskompensationsanlagen und konventionellen Großkraftwerken eingesetzt. Zukünftig wird nach §12h EnWG eine marktgestützte Beschaffung dieser Dienstleistung zur Spannungsregelung vorgeschrieben. Zugleich verändert sich der Blindleistungsbedarf der Netzbetriebsmittel durch die Integration erneuerbarer Energieanlagen und der Elektromobilität sowie durch den Netzausbau bei Übertragungs- und Verteilungsnetzbetreibern. Es bedarf somit angepasster Netzbetriebs- und Netzplanungskonzepte für ein technisch effizientes und wirtschaftlich günstiges Blindleistungsmanagement. Dieser Beitrag  beschäftigt sich damit, Prozessansätze und Methodiken für ebendieses in der Netzplanung aufzuzeigen, um erforderliche Blindleistungskapazitäten unter minimalen Gesamtkostenaufwand und unter Berücksichtigung einer effizienten Blindleistungsbedarfsdeckung zu bestimmen. Dabei liegt der Fokus verstärkt in der Bedarfsanalyse.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Tagungsband Tagung Zukünftige Stromnetze 26./27. Januar 2022 (online)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-948176-16-7</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-58665</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.35096/othr/pub-5866</identifier>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">begutachtet</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="Kostentraeger">Q-Integral, FKZ: 0350061</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Johannes Rauch</author>
    <author>Oliver Brückl</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blindleistung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blindleistungsmanagement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Netzplanungsprozesse</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Spannungshaltung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Optimierungsverfahren</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16312">Energie und Mobilität</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bruecklfenes">Brückl, Oliver (Prof. Dr.) - FENES / Forschungsgruppe Energienetze</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Forschungsstelle für Energienetze und Energiespeicher (FENES) / Forschungsgruppe Energienetze</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-oth-regensburg/files/5866/Rauch_Netzplanungsprozesskonzepte_Paper.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>5871</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>224</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>230</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace>München</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2017-07-07</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Analysis of the correlation behavior between local available information to the overall reactive power of a medium-voltage grid group</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The initiated energy transition leads to extensive changes in the supply of energy. The increasing use of renewable energy causes a shift of the produced power from centralized conventional power plants to decentralized energy plants. Because of this redistribution and the related change of load-flows, new challenges and problems for distribution system operators appear. This includes the integration of new loads and plants into the existing power grid and the guarantee of a high supply security and quality. It also includes strengthened requirements for the use and provision of reactive power. The project “SyNErgie” (“Systemoptimierendes Netz- und Energiemanagement für Verteilungsnetze der Zukunft“) deals with the development of a new reactive power management, which gets embedded in grid planning and controlling processes. One focus of the project is on the integration of decentralized energy plants (DEPs) to the reactive power management. The aim is to develop a decentralized and self-sufficient reactive power control system, which only works with local available information (measures). Therefore is no necessity of a complex communication system to the grid control center. Self-controlled Q-controller in the DEPs get characteristic curves and control the reactive power sources with local measurements (e.g. current, voltage, effective power). This new reactive power control management aims for the reactive power compensation in order to increase the integration capacity of loads and plants in a grid [2]. In order to generate characteristic curves for DEPs, it is necessary to analyze the correlation behavior between the local available measurements at the DEPs and the overall-Q-behavior of the grid group at the transformer. In that regard, influencing quantities should be considered. The aim is to involve und evaluate all relevant influencing quantities in order to determine energy plants and certain operating points, in which the correlation behavior and the prediction for the overall-Q-behavior are sufficient. The next step is to develop a model that fits these correlation behaviors and generate characteristic curves. One method to generate characteristic curves for the Q-controllers is regression analysis. The developed Q-control-system with the characteristic curves will be tested, evaluated and optimized in a following field test in cooperation with distribution system operators.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Applied Research Conference - ARC 2017, 7 July 2017 München</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-58712</identifier>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">begutachtet</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="Kostentraeger">SyNErgie</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Johannes Rauch</author>
    <author>Oliver Brückl</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mittelspannungsnetz</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blindleistungsmanagement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blindleistung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Integration Erneuerbare Energien</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Potentialerschließung</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16312">Energie und Mobilität</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bruecklfenes">Brückl, Oliver (Prof. Dr.) - FENES / Forschungsgruppe Energienetze</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Forschungsstelle für Energienetze und Energiespeicher (FENES) / Forschungsgruppe Energienetze</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-oth-regensburg/files/5871/Rauch_Correlation-analysis_medium_voltage_grid.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>5870</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>224</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>233</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Conexio-PSE GmbH</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Pforzheim</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2022-01-27</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Entwicklung eines Regelkonzeptes für einen optimierten Blindleistungsabruf auf Basis von Blindleistungspotentialanalysen bei Industriebetrieben im Mittelspannungsnetz</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Im Zuge der Energiewende ergibt sich ein Wandel in der Struktur des Elektrizitätsversorgungsnetzes. Die Verschiebung der Erzeugungsleistung von konventionellen Großkraftwerken in höheren Netzebenen hin zu dezentralen erneuerbaren Energieanlagen in niedrigeren Netzebenen resultiert sowohl in bidirektionalen Lastflüssen als auch in schwankenden Einspeisecharakteristiken. Des Weiteren folgen durch den Wegfall von Großkraftwerken als Blindleistungsquellen Leistungsdefizite in der Übertragungsnetzebene, die kompensiert werden müssen. Daraus resultieren Herausforderungen an einen sicheren und zuverlässigen Betrieb der Verteil- und Übertragungsnetze. Neue Konzepte müssen für die Erbringung von Blindleistung entwickelt werden, es soll mehr Blindleistung aus dem Verteilungsnetz zur Verfügung gestellt werden, um die Systemstabilität zu wahren. Im Rahmen des Projektes Q-Integral wird das Thema „Blindleistung“ (Q) ganzheitlich untersucht. Es werden dazu verschiedene Erbringungsoptionen für Blindleistung hinsichtlich technischer und wirtschaftlicher Potentiale untersucht, die in ein funktionales und effizientes Blindleistungsmanagement eingebracht werden. Die Untersuchungsansätze dafür sind sowohl spannungsebenen-übergreifend als auch netzbetreiber-übergreifend. Ein Ansatzpunkt des Projektes ist die Betrachtung der Blindleistungsbereitstellung von Industriebetrieben. Dazu wird das Potential von Betrieben, die an das Verteilnetz angeschlossen sind und Blindleistung durch Kompensations- oder Erzeugungsanlagen bereitstellen können, untersucht. Ziel ist es, das gesicherte und maximale induktive sowie kapazitive Potential zu bestimmen. Das gesicherte kapazitive Potential kann genutzt werden, um Aussagen darüber zu treffen, wie stark dem Spannungsfall im vorgelagerten Netz zu Starklastzeiten entgegengewirkt werden kann. Anhand des gesicherten induktiven Potentials kann ein Spannungsanstieg während Schwachlastzeiten ausgeglichen werden kann. In diesem Beitrag werden Ergebnisse aus dem Projekt Q-Integral vorgestellt. Dazu werden zuerst die Berechnungsgrundlagen der induktiven und kapazitiven Blindleistungspotentiale aufgezeigt und die Ergebnisse der Berechnungen vorgestellt. Die gewonnen Ergebnisse entstammen aus Messungen an einem Industriebetrieb mit Blindleistungskompensationsanlagen (BKA), den entsprechenden Reglern der Anlagen und einer installierten Kompensationsleistung von 1600 kvar. Sowohl die Lastgänge als auch das Schaltverhalten der einzelnen Kompensationsanlagen liegen den Berechnungen zugrunde. Um den Austausch der Blindleistung an der Übergabestelle des Betriebs zum Mittelspannungsnetz netzdienlich einzustellen, bedarf es eines geeigneten Regelkonzepts, das neben den BKAs auch weitere Q-Quellen berücksichtigt. Deshalb wird abschließend ein Regelkonzept vorgestellt, das den technisch-optimierten Blindleistungsabruf unter Berücksichtigung mehrerer Blindleistungsquellen behandelt.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Tagungsband Tagung Zukünftige Stromnetze 26./27. Januar 2022 (online)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-948176-16-7</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-58704</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.35096/othr/pub-5870</identifier>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">begutachtet</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="Kostentraeger">Q-Integral, FKZ: 0350061</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Philipp Schweiberer</author>
    <author>Johannes Rauch</author>
    <author>Oliver Brückl</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blindleistung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blindleistungsmanagement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blindleistungsquellen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blindleistungspotentiale</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Industriebetriebe</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16312">Energie und Mobilität</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bruecklfenes">Brückl, Oliver (Prof. Dr.) - FENES / Forschungsgruppe Energienetze</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Forschungsstelle für Energienetze und Energiespeicher (FENES) / Forschungsgruppe Energienetze</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-oth-regensburg/files/5870/Schweiberer_Rauch_Betriebliches_Q-Management.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>5844</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>175</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>182</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>VDE-Verlag</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2023-02-17</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Analysis and optimization of the steady state voltage deviation demand for reactive power planning using installed reactive power sources</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The provision of reactive power is one option for maintaining the grid voltage, that is defined as an ancillary service in Germany. This paper presents an approach for determining deficient voltage deviation demands within an electrical grid for long term reactive power planning investigations. In contrast to previous approaches, which evaluate the Q-behavior of extended ward elements or grid assets, voltage deviations are analyzed bus-specifically. So further reactive power planning investigations are able to scale and optimize additional reactive power sources directly on planning voltage limits using load flow sensitivity techniques. The focus lies on the analysis of the steady state demand at base case conditions. Therefore, a grid planning process is conceptualized. An optimal power flow algorithm based on Differential Evolution is used for an optimal reactive power dispatch of installed reactive power sources, e. g. reactive power compensation systems or (renewable) energy sources to minimize the total voltage deviation according to voltage limits of Transmission System Operators planning principles. Methodological and processuals specifications as well as an application use case with an exemplary transmission system are presented in this paper.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">NEIS 2022; Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems, 26-27 September 2022, Hamburg</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10048083</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-8007-5983-5</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2510-6902</identifier>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="Kostentraeger">Q-Integral, FKZ: 0350061</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Johannes Rauch</author>
    <author>Oliver Brückl</author>
    <author>Bernd Engel</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reactive Power</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reactiver Power Planning</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Voltage Control</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Optimal Power Flow</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Differential Evolution</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="629">Andere Fachrichtungen der Ingenieurwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16312">Energie und Mobilität</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bruecklfenes">Brückl, Oliver (Prof. Dr.) - FENES / Forschungsgruppe Energienetze</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Forschungsstelle für Energienetze und Energiespeicher (FENES) / Forschungsgruppe Energienetze</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>5845</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>51</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>56</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
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    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
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    <completedDate>2023-02-17</completedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Long-term analysis of industrial reactive power potentials with consideration of plant-internal grid restrictions using the example of an industrial plant in a distribution grid</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Since conventional generation plants provide a considerable share of reactive power but are gradually being shut down due to energy transition, leading to power deficits at the transmission grid level, new concepts for the supply of reactive power must be developed. As one possibility for the latter, industrial plants in the distribution grid are considered suitable, as their reactive power potentials can contribute to voltage maintenance and thus to a grid- or system-serving behavior. In this paper, the determination of reactive power potentials provided by industrial compensation systems (ICS) is presented. An industrial plant in the medium voltage grid, with three installed ICSs, is investigated. The potentials are determined and described based on their time characteristics, which provide information about the occurrence and distribution of inductive and capacitive potentials. A grid simulation of the investigated industrial grid is used to analyze the effects of retrieving the reactive power potentials regarding equipment utilizations and voltage limits.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">NEIS 2022; Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems, 26-27 September 2022, Hamburg</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10048065</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-8007-5983-5</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2510-6902</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="Kostentraeger">Q-Integral, FKZ: 0350061</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Philipp Schweiberer</author>
    <author>Johannes Rauch</author>
    <author>Oliver Brückl</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reactive Power</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reactive Power Potentials</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Industrial plant</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Voltage Stability</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Long term analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="629">Andere Fachrichtungen der Ingenieurwissenschaften</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16312">Energie und Mobilität</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bruecklfenes">Brückl, Oliver (Prof. Dr.) - FENES / Forschungsgruppe Energienetze</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Forschungsstelle für Energienetze und Energiespeicher (FENES) / Forschungsgruppe Energienetze</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>8885</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>218</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>223</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>VDE Verlag</publisherName>
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    <completedDate>2026-02-16</completedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Methodology for long-term reactive power forecasts of medium-voltage grids</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Understanding and assessing the long-term behavior of reactive power is crucial for power system planning and invest-ment decisions. This is particularly growing relevant for the lower voltage-grid levels, which are gaining importance due to significant changes in grid behavior, operational strategies, energy generation and consumption patterns. Currently, standardized methodologies for forecasting reactive power in medium-voltage grids are lacking, creating a gap in research and practical applications. To optimize grid investments and expansions, informed decisions based on reliable research and accurate forecasts are essential. This paper presents a methodology for long-term reactive power forecasting in me-dium-voltage grids, introducing a new approach to account for low- and medium-voltage grid interactions while address-ing common challenges like limited available grid data and scenario framework definition. The aim of the forecast is the future reactive power behaviour of a medium-voltage-grid at the high-voltage side of the high-voltage to medium-voltage transformer. The medium-voltage-level is modelled using a grid model approach, while low-voltage grids are being mod-elled using generic distribution grids. A 209-bus medium-voltage-grid model is used as an application example and to provide two exemplary use cases for a reactive power forecast for 2045.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">NEIS 2025 : Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems, Hamburg, September 15 – 16, 2025</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-8007-6633-8</identifier>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
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    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Marion Hinterreiter</author>
    <author>Oliver Brückl</author>
    <author>Johannes Rauch</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>reactive power</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>forecasting</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>long-term</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>medium-voltage level</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>grid level interaction</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16312">Energie und Mobilität</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Forschungsstelle für Energienetze und Energiespeicher (FENES) / Forschungsgruppe Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="DFGFachsystematik" number="1">Ingenieurwissenschaften</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>8886</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>97</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>102</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>VDE</publisherName>
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    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2025-10-09</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Proposing an Optimization Model for a techno-economic Evaluation of Energy Storage Systems</title>
    <abstract language="eng">During the global energy crisis in 2022, electricity prices increased drastically. This lead, together with an overall higher price volatility to possibly higher electrical energy &#13;
storage system (ESS) profitability. To test if the investment in an ESS can now be more profitable, an approach for a techno-economic evaluation of ESS is presented in this paper, using an optimization algorithm to determine the optimal way of covering a load flow profile with electricity trading products on the electricity market with and without the use of an energy storage system. The cost differences between using or not using &#13;
the storage system are assumed to be the profits of the ESS, which must exceed the (interest-bearing) investment costs over its lifetime. The correct way of operation of the optimization model is validated and several storage sizes and capacities as well as several years of the electricity market data was analyzed, once with a perfect forecast of all prices of the electricity trading products and once with a forecast based on the previous years purchasing strategy. &#13;
The results show that, using the prognosis and a 2 % p.a. interest rate, only the storage combinations for 2.5 MWh/ 2.5 MW and 1 MWh/ 1 MW show profitability in 2023, whereas 2017 and 2020 show no profitability.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">PESS 2025 – IEEE Power and Energy Student Summit, October 08 – 10, 2025 in Munich, Germany</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-8007-6656-7</identifier>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="Kostentraeger">Projekt STROM, FENES</enrichment>
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    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Andreas Stadler</author>
    <author>Hermann Kraus</author>
    <author>Oliver Brückl</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>energy storage systems</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>techno economic  evaluation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>electricity trading</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>optimization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ess profitability</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16312">Energie und Mobilität</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Forschungsstelle für Energienetze und Energiespeicher (FENES) / Forschungsgruppe Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="DFGFachsystematik" number="1">Ingenieurwissenschaften</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>8884</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>109</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>114</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>VDE Verlag</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2026-02-16</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Challenges and Approaches for Long-Term Reactive Power Forecasting in Power Systems</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources is driving profound changes across all voltage levels of the electrical grid, altering active power (P) as well as reactive power (Q) behavior. This transformation involves a shift from predominantly top-down, unidirectional electricity flows to bidirectional and increasingly complex flow patterns, fundamentally altering the operation and utilization of power systems. Many countries are already reporting notable changes in their transmission grid Q. This can lead to increased costs for grid expansion and compensation equipment, as well as grid losses. To minimize these losses and ensure grid stability and efficiency, understanding and forecasting Q long-term becomes essential. This paper addresses the challenges of long-term (1-20 years) Q forecasting in general by analyzing Q behavior in grids, the main influencing grid parameters, and reviewing existing forecasting approaches. It evaluates the applicability of these approaches and highlights current research gaps and trends. By focusing on this underexplored area, the paper aims to support the development of more advanced and reliable long-term Q forecasting techniques.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">PESS 2025 – IEEE Power and Energy Student Summit, October 08 – 10, 2025 in Munich, Germany</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-8007-6656-7</identifier>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
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    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Marion Hinterreiter</author>
    <author>Oliver Brückl</author>
    <author>Johannes Rauch</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>reactive power</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>forecasting</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>long-term</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>network models</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16312">Energie und Mobilität</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Forschungsstelle für Energienetze und Energiespeicher (FENES) / Forschungsgruppe Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="DFGFachsystematik" number="1">Ingenieurwissenschaften</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>8883</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>223</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>230</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>VDE Verlag</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2026-02-16</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Optimal Reactive Power Planning by covering deficient voltage demands with additional reactive power sources using a sensitivity approach</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The determination of the optimal location, types and size of additional required reactive power sources is a main interest of Reactive Power Planning (RPP) investigations and of this paper. The planning problem addresses the maintenance of voltage stability, which is an ancillary service in Germany, and can be formulated as a mixed-integer optimization prob-lem. The aim of this work is a techno-economically efficient coverage of the deficient steady state voltage deviation demands (VDD) by placing new reactive power sources with adequate size or extending the reactive power potential of existing sources. An optimization model is set up to solve the planning problem by using load flow voltage sensitivities, which quantify and evaluate the technical efficiency of new reactive power sources in relation to the present voltage deviation demands. Operating and investment costs are used as economic decision parameters. Within an application example, which is carried out with an exemplary transmission system, the solution of the planning problem is discussed.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">NEIS 2023 : Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems, Hamburg, September 4 – 5, 2023</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10556672</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-8007-6134-0</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Johannes Rauch</author>
    <author>Oliver Brückl</author>
    <author>Bernd Engel</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>reactive power planning</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>voltage control</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>optimal power flow</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>sensitivity analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>system planning</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16312">Energie und Mobilität</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Forschungsstelle für Energienetze und Energiespeicher (FENES) / Forschungsgruppe Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="DFGFachsystematik" number="1">Ingenieurwissenschaften</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>8910</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>21</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>20</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Assessing the techno-economic impact of district heating on electrical distribution grid reinforcements</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Enhanced sector coupling across electricity, mobility, and heating sectors leads to higher efforts for distribution grid upgrades. Based on a case study, this paper evaluates the role of district heating networks in reducing electrical distribution grid reinforcements and compares their economic viability against a building-specific heat supply using heat pumps. A detailed energy system model is used to analyze two building energy renovation scenarios: a business-as-usual scenario with a 1 % annual renovation rate and an ambitious scenario with a rate of 2 %. Using a two-step optimization, the impact of different district heating network penetration levels on the distribution grid is evaluated, followed by an ex-post analysis to incorporate a simultaneity factor into district heating networks. Overall, district heating networks can reduce distribution grid reinforcements, but the associated savings alone do not justify their construction, particularly in the ambitious renovation scenario. In the business-as-usual scenario, a district heating network can reduce reinforcement costs by up to 71 %. However, in the ambitious scenario, grid reinforcements are already reduced due to lower heat peak demand, and the maximal reinforcement cost savings only amount to 35 %. Compared economically, district heating networks are cost-competitive with building-specific heating only in the business-as-usual scenario, up to a heat supply share of 70 % and in the ambitious scenario, up to 40 %. In both scenarios, a district heating network can be a robust solution to lower macroeconomic costs for a carbon-neutral heat supply.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Advances in Applied Energy</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2666-7924</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100251</identifier>
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    <author>Amedeo Ceruti</author>
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    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16312">Energie und Mobilität</collection>
    <collection role="persons" number="bruecklfenes">Brückl, Oliver (Prof. Dr.) - FENES / Forschungsgruppe Energienetze</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Forschungsstelle für Energienetze und Energiespeicher (FENES) / Forschungsgruppe Energienetze</collection>
    <collection role="DFGFachsystematik" number="1">Ingenieurwissenschaften</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>8936</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber>6</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2026-03-16</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Interpretation von P-Q-Wolken als Hilfsmittel zur Bewertung von Mittelspannungsnetzen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Zwischen Übertragungs-/Verteilungsnetzbetreibern bestehen Vereinbarungen in&#13;
Form von Verträgen und Richtlinien (z.B. DCC), die das zulässige Wirk- und&#13;
Blindleistungs-Verhalten (P-Q-Verhalten) beschreiben. Beim Blindleistungsverhalten&#13;
werden i. d. R. zulässige cosφ-Bereiche definiert. Typische Werte sind hierfür&#13;
cosφ ≤ 0,95 für den I. und II. Quadranten sowie cosφ ≤ 0,925 für den III. Quadranten.&#13;
Der IV. Quadrant ist unzulässig. Netzstruktur, Verbraucher und Erzeuger&#13;
beeinflussen das P-Q-Verhalten, weshalb die Einhaltung der cosφ-Grenzwerte bei&#13;
sich ändernden Faktoren zu prüfen und ggf. Gegenmaßnahmen (z. B. Installation&#13;
von Kompensationsdrosseln) zu ergreifen sind.&#13;
Ziel dieser Veröffentlichung ist es, geeignete Parameter zu identifizieren und zu&#13;
beschreiben, die einen Einfluss auf das P-Q-Verhalten und damit auf die Form der PQ-&#13;
Wolke einer MS-Netzgruppe (MS-NG) aufweisen. Abbildung 1 zeigt eine&#13;
beispielhafte P-Q-Wolke. Um die P-Q-Wolken verschiedener MS-Netze vergleichbar&#13;
zu machen, wurden die P- und Q-Werte auf die jeweilige Bemessungsleistung der&#13;
versorgenden Umspannwerktransformatoren (UWT) normiert (diese beträgt&#13;
einheitlich 40 MVA). Die P-Q-Wolke besteht dabei aus allen ¼-h-Messwerten der&#13;
Summenlast am UWT innerhalb eines Jahres. Als Linien angedeutet sind beispielhaft&#13;
zulässige cosφ-Grenzen je Quadrant.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">4. OTTI Konferenz: Zukünftige Stromnetze 31.01- 01.02.2017, Berlin</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">begutachtet</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="Kostentraeger">SyNErgie</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <licence>Keine Lizenz - Es gilt das deutsche Urheberrecht: § 53 UrhG</licence>
    <author>Oliver Brückl</author>
    <author>Matthias Haslbeck</author>
    <author>Bettina Vogl</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blindleistung, P-Q-Wolke, Mittelspannungsnetz</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FakEI">Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16312">Energie und Mobilität</collection>
    <collection role="DFGFachsystematik" number="1">Ingenieurwissenschaften</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
