<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>4113</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>11</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>7</issue>
    <volume>10</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Modeling of Laser Beam Absorption in a Polymer Powder Bed</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In order to understand the absorption characteristic, a ray trace model is developed by taking into account the reflection, absorption and refraction. The ray paths are resolved on a sub-powder grid. For validation, the simulation results are compared to analytic solutions of the irradiation of the laser beam onto a plain surface. In addition, the absorptance, reflectance and transmittance of PA12 powder layers measured by an integration sphere setup are compared with the numerical results of our model. It is shown that the effective penetration depth can be lower than the penetration depth in bulk material for polymer powders and, therefore, can increase the energy density at the powder bed surface. The implications for modeling of the selective laser sintering (SLS) process and the processability of fine powder distributions and high powder bed densities are discussed.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Polymers</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/polym10070784</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2022-06-07T17:46:29+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.user">importuser</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Fuad Osmanlic</author>
    <author>Katrin Wudy</author>
    <author>Tobias Laumer</author>
    <author>Michael Schmidt</author>
    <author>Dietmar Drummer</author>
    <author>Carolin Körner</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>laser absorption</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>PA12</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>polyamide 12</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>powder bed</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FAKMB">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="othpublikationsherkunft" number="">Externe Publikationen</collection>
    <collection role="oaweg" number="">Gold Open Access- Erstveröffentlichung in einem/als Open-Access-Medium</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16316">Produktion und Systeme</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Labor Additive and Intelligent Manufacturing for Sustainability (AIMS)</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>4111</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>259</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>263</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>74</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Comparison between the optical properties of injection molded and additive manufactured components</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Fused Layer Manufacturing (FLM) is an additive technology based on polymer material extrusion. Due to variations in temperature during the manufacturing process and the resulting stress between the stacked layers, the final parts show anisotropic mechanical properties. One possible approach for their reduction is the immediate local preheating of the surface via laser radiation. At first, our research examines the influence of laser parameters as wavelength, power, velocity and area of impact for the preheating of the surface. In addition, an overview of possible parameter combinations is given based on the selection of raw materials, its colors, thicknesses and the manufacturing process. Initially, the absorption level of the materials regarding the emitted wavelength is detected using a spectrophotometer. Subsequently, preheating tests are conducted with different laser types while the temperature is determined by a thermal camera. The selected laser type is planned to get mounted on a prototype-machine for further in-situ preheating experiments on FLM parts during the manufacturing process.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Procedia CIRP</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.procir.2018.08.106</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.date">2022-06-07T17:46:29+00:00</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">sword</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.import.user">importuser</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BegutachtungStatus">peer-reviewed</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Cornelius Kuehn</author>
    <author>Oliver Mehl</author>
    <author>Tobias Laumer</author>
    <author>Gerd Witt</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>FLM-Printing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>injection molding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser assisted processes</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Optical properties</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Polymers</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Preheating</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="FAKMB">Fakultät Maschinenbau</collection>
    <collection role="othpublikationsherkunft" number="">Externe Publikationen</collection>
    <collection role="othforschungsschwerpunkt" number="16316">Produktion und Systeme</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Labor Additive and Intelligent Manufacturing for Sustainability (AIMS)</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
