@incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {New Methods in Human Subjects Research: Do We Need a New Ethics?}, series = {Building on Progress: Expanding the Research Infrastructure for the Social, Economic, and Behavioral Sciences, Band 2}, booktitle = {Building on Progress: Expanding the Research Infrastructure for the Social, Economic, and Behavioral Sciences, Band 2}, editor = {Rat f{\"u}r Sozial- und Wirtschaftsdaten,}, publisher = {Budrich UniPress}, address = {Opladen}, pages = {657 -- 672}, abstract = {Online surveys and interviews, the observations of chat rooms or online games, data mining, knowledge discovery in databases (KDD), collecting biomarkers, employing biometrics, using RFID technology - even as implants in the human body - and other related processes all seem to be more promising, cheaper, faster, and comprehensive than conventional methods of human subjects research. But at the same time these new means of gathering information may pose powerful threats to privacy, autonomy, and informed consent. Online research, particularly involving children and minors but also other vulnerable groups such as ethnic or religious minorities, is in urgent need of an adequate research ethics that can provide reasonable and morally justified constraints for human subjects research. The paper at hand seeks to provide some clarification of these new means of information gathering and the challenges they present to moral concepts like privacy, autonomy, informed consent, beneficence, and justice. Some existing codes of conduct and ethical guidelines are examined to determine whether they provide answers to those challenges and/or whether they can be helpful in the development of principles and regulations governing human subjects research. Finally, some conclusions and recommendations are presented that can help in the task of formulating an adequate research ethics for human subjects research.}, language = {en} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Bilder l{\"u}gen nicht}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kommunikations{\"o}kologie und Medienethik}, volume = {1}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kommunikations{\"o}kologie und Medienethik}, number = {8}, issn = {1861-2687}, pages = {45 -- 48}, abstract = {Current productions of motion pictures often include computer generated images which shortly are called CGI. In the cinema, spectators of such motion pictures are aware of the fact that they consume a kind a fantasy. Of course, even those fantasies can have the effect that spectators believe in the story and are immersed into the imagined world. However, when spectators leave the cinema almost all adult individuals with normal cognitive capacities know that they have consumed a fantasy. But there is a context of application of such CGIs that makes it quite difficult to draw the line between reality and imagination. If CGIs are used in media formats like documentations of past events, in scientific oriented programs, or in films which shall be used in school, computer generated images can have quite disturbing effects. For example, in 1999 the BBC featured a famous TV series on dinosaurs and massively used CGIs to visualize those creatures. However, a lot of the characteristics of dinosaurs which are presented as facts in the series are merely bold conjectures. Did dinosaurs make sounds, how did they behave: These are questions which cannot be answered with the tools of archaeology and by interpreting the remains of dinosaurs. Therefore, the CGIs in the series provide a view on reality which might be merely a sophisticated imagination. While experts in the field may recognize that, lay people, for instance children, do not have the cog-nitive capacities to see this problem. Therefore, they are likely to believe that dinosaurs were exactly the way they are shown in those series. This is not only an epistemological problem but a moral one. From (media) ethics point of view, it is necessary to make clear what is backed up by scientific evidence and what is merely a conjecture that can be visualized by computers. Particularly in news, scientific programs and the like the distinction of reality and imagination must be emphasized.}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Search Engine Bias}, series = {Handbuch Internet-Suchmaschinen, Band II}, booktitle = {Handbuch Internet-Suchmaschinen, Band II}, editor = {Lewandowski, Dirk}, publisher = {Akademische Verlagsanstalt}, address = {Heidelberg}, abstract = {Der Name ‚Google' wird heute synonym f{\"u}r ‚Suchmaschine' genutzt; das Verb ‚googeln' hat es zu einem Eintrag im Duden gebracht: Google ist allgegenw{\"a}rtig. Dies best{\"a}tigen Statistiken, die aufweisen, dass Google in vielen L{\"a}ndern andere Suchmaschinen v{\"o}llig marginalisiert hat. Außerdem zeigen Untersuchungen, dass sich viele Nutzerinnen und Nutzer auf die Ergebnisse einer einzigen Suchmaschine - oft eben Google - verlassen. Daher stellt sich die Frage, ob die tats{\"a}chliche Qualit{\"a}t der Suchergebnisse das Vertrauen in die angenommene Qualit{\"a}t einer Suchmaschine rechtfertigen kann. Nach einleitenden Bemerkungen zum Suchmaschinenmarkt und einer kurzen Beschreibung der generellen Funktionsweise heute verbreiteter Suchmaschinen wird evaluiert, welche Faktoren die Ergebnisse einer Suchmaschine determinieren. Dabei wird sich zeigen, dass Suchergebnisse durch vielf{\"a}ltige Faktoren beeinflusst werden, so bspw. durch das Nutzerverhalten auf verschiedenen Ebenen, durch die verwendeten Indexierungs- und Suchalgorithmen oder durch die Inhalte des Netzes selbst. Diese und weitere Faktoren f{\"u}hren zu Verzerrungen der Suchergebnisse gegen{\"u}ber einem unterstellten Idealergebnis. Es zeigt sich, dass es in vielen Situationen sinnvoll ist, sich nicht nur auf eine Suchmaschine zu verlassen bzw. den Ergebnissen einer Suchmaschine nicht blind zu vertrauen. So ist im wissenschaftlichen oder journalistischen Kontext dringend die Nutzung von bereichsspezifischen Suchmaschinen und anderer Rechercheformen angeraten.}, language = {de} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Simulationen in den Sozialwissenschaften}, series = {Journal for General Philosophy of Science}, volume = {38}, journal = {Journal for General Philosophy of Science}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1007/s10838-006-9011-8}, pages = {111 -- 126}, abstract = {Computer simulation—hereafter just called 'simulation'— more and more is getting an important tool in scientific research and development. Simulations provide powerful means for quite different scientific disciplines, for instance for cosmology as well as for economics, and it seems that they can help to extend the borderline of science. However, from a methodological point of view, besides their benefits one can identify several theoretical problems which can occur in the process of scientific research. Some of these problems shall be discussed and consequences of these problems for the use of simulations shall be outlined.}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Suchmaschinen und die Repr{\"a}sentation von Kultur: Zwischen Markt und Gerechtigkeit}, series = {Kulturelle Diversit{\"a}t und Neue Medien}, booktitle = {Kulturelle Diversit{\"a}t und Neue Medien}, publisher = {Trafo}, address = {Berlin}, pages = {33 -- 52}, language = {de} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {The Next Step: Privacy Invasions by Biometrics and ICT Implants}, series = {Ubiquity. An ACM IT Magazine and Forum}, volume = {7}, journal = {Ubiquity. An ACM IT Magazine and Forum}, number = {45}, doi = {10.1145/1195937.1187567}, language = {en} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Editorial: Konflikte der Zukunft - Antworten der Ethik}, series = {Ethcia}, volume = {14}, journal = {Ethcia}, number = {1}, pages = {1 -- 3}, language = {de} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Privacy Invasion}, series = {EMBO Reports / Science and Society}, volume = {7}, journal = {EMBO Reports / Science and Society}, number = {Special Issue „Science and Security"}, doi = {10.1038/sj.embor.7400684}, pages = {536 -- 539}, language = {en} } @incollection{KleineUlbrichtWeberetal., author = {Kleine, Nadine and Ulbricht, Max-R. and Weber, Karsten and Pallas, Frank}, title = {Participatory Sensing und Wearable Technologies als partizipative Formen der Datengenerierung im Internet of Things}, series = {'Grand Challenges' meistern - der Beitrag der Technikfolgenabsch{\"a}tzung}, booktitle = {'Grand Challenges' meistern - der Beitrag der Technikfolgenabsch{\"a}tzung}, editor = {Decker, Michael and Lindner, Ralf and Lingner, Stephan and Scherz, Constanze and Sotoudeh, Mahshid}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, doi = {10.5771/9783845283562-245}, pages = {245 -- 257}, subject = {Wearable Computer}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Computer als omnipotente Herrschaftsinstrumente}, series = {Technik als Motor der Modernisierung}, booktitle = {Technik als Motor der Modernisierung}, editor = {Zoglauer, Thomas and Weber, Karsten and Friesen, Hans}, publisher = {Verlag Karl Alber}, address = {Freiburg}, isbn = {978-3-495-48973-4}, pages = {183 -- 204}, subject = {Technischer Fortschritt}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Roboter und K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz in Science Fiction-Filmen: Vom Werkzeug zum Akteur}, series = {Technik und Gesellschaft in der Science Fiction}, booktitle = {Technik und Gesellschaft in der Science Fiction}, editor = {Fuhse, J.}, publisher = {LIT}, address = {M{\"u}nster}, pages = {34 -- 54}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Filme und Internet - Marktchancen und soziale Konsequenzen}, series = {Film und Internet. {\"U}ber die Nutzung von Film- und Videocontent im Web 2.0}, booktitle = {Film und Internet. {\"U}ber die Nutzung von Film- und Videocontent im Web 2.0}, editor = {Langewitz, Oliver}, publisher = {Cuvillier}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, pages = {19 -- 24}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{AltenbuchnerWeberFuchs, author = {Altenbuchner, Amelie and Weber, Karsten and Fuchs, Dominik}, title = {N{\"u}tzlichkeit und Nutzung}, series = {Assistive Technik f{\"u}r selbstbestimmtes Wohnen, 6. Ambient Medicine® Forum 19.-20. Februar 2019}, booktitle = {Assistive Technik f{\"u}r selbstbestimmtes Wohnen, 6. Ambient Medicine® Forum 19.-20. Februar 2019}, editor = {Friedrich, Petra and Fuchs, Dominik}, publisher = {Cuvillier}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, pages = {149 -- 156}, subject = {AAL-Technik}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Wer bestimmt {\"u}ber die technische Selbstmodifikation der Person?}, series = {Gehirne und Personen. Beitr{\"a}ge zum 8. Internationalen Kongress der {\"O}sterreichischen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Philosophie in Graz}, booktitle = {Gehirne und Personen. Beitr{\"a}ge zum 8. Internationalen Kongress der {\"O}sterreichischen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Philosophie in Graz}, editor = {F{\"u}rst, M. and Gombocz, W. and Hiebaum, C.}, publisher = {Ontos}, address = {Frankfurt/Main}, pages = {187 -- 194}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Ethics in the Assessment of Technological Consequences}, series = {Applied Ethics: Economy, Science-Technology and Culture}, booktitle = {Applied Ethics: Economy, Science-Technology and Culture}, editor = {Shan, J. and Shaaoping, G. and Jung, W.}, publisher = {Renmin}, address = {Peking}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Grounds for Information Ethics}, series = {Applied Ethics: Economy, Science-Technology and Culture}, booktitle = {Applied Ethics: Economy, Science-Technology and Culture}, editor = {Shan, J. and Shaaoping, G. and Jung, W.}, publisher = {Renmin}, address = {Peking}, language = {en} } @incollection{OhlyWeber, author = {Ohly, Heinz Peter and Weber, Karsten}, title = {Informationsquellen und Informationsaustausch}, series = {Handbuch Methoden der empirischen Sozialforschung}, booktitle = {Handbuch Methoden der empirischen Sozialforschung}, editor = {Blasius, J{\"o}rg and Baur, Nina}, publisher = {Springer VS}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-531-18939-0}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-531-18939-0_5}, pages = {103 -- 116}, abstract = {Bereits im Planungsstadium eines Forschungsvorhabens ist es wichtig, dass man die Forschungsergebnisse auf dem untersuchten Gebiet kennt. Zum einen sollten bereits gekl{\"a}rte Fragestellungen nicht erneut aufgegriffen werden, andererseits muss, gerade in den Sozialwissenschaften, das bereits Erforschte oft in anderen zeitlichen und r{\"a}umlichen Settings erneut abgesichert werden. Auch um Wissen zu produzieren, ben{\"o}tigt man selbst bereits Wissen, z.B. Theorien, Werkzeuge zur Auswertung von Daten und nat{\"u}rlich Informationen, Daten und Statistiken {\"u}ber soziale Ph{\"a}nomene. Mit der zunehmenden internationalen und interdisziplin{\"a}ren Ausrichtung der Forschung ist eine professionelle Recherche in und die Zulieferung zu fachlichen Informationsdatenbanken unabdingbar (siehe Abb. 5.1; Kaminsky 1977, Kuhlen 1989).}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Soziale, anthropologische, technikwissenschaftliche und normative Voraussetzungen f{\"u}r den Technikeinsatz in der Pflege}, series = {Aktuelle Technik im Haushalt. Perspektiven und Chancen f{\"u}r Hauswirtschaft und Haushaltswissenschaft}, booktitle = {Aktuelle Technik im Haushalt. Perspektiven und Chancen f{\"u}r Hauswirtschaft und Haushaltswissenschaft}, editor = {Schlich, Manuela}, publisher = {Shaker}, address = {Aachen}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {MEESTAR: Ein Modell zur ethischen Evaluierung sozio-technischer Arrangements in der Pflege- und Gesundheitsversorgung}, series = {Technisierung des Alltags - Beitrag f{\"u}r ein gutes Leben?}, booktitle = {Technisierung des Alltags - Beitrag f{\"u}r ein gutes Leben?}, editor = {Weber, Karsten and Frommeld, Debora and Manzeschke, Arne and Fangerau, Heiner}, publisher = {Steiner}, address = {Stuttgart}, pages = {247 -- 262}, subject = {AAL-Technik}, language = {de} } @incollection{HaugWeber, author = {Haug, Sonja and Weber, Karsten}, title = {Vertrauen, Kontrolle und Privatsph{\"a}re in engen sozialen Beziehungen und die Wirkungen moderner Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie}, series = {Anonymit{\"a}t und Transparenz in der digitalen Gesellschaft}, booktitle = {Anonymit{\"a}t und Transparenz in der digitalen Gesellschaft}, editor = {Grimm, Petra and Keber, Tobias O. and Z{\"o}llner, Oliver}, publisher = {Steiner}, address = {Stuttgart}, isbn = {978-3-515-11226-0}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {(Alp)Traum und Wirklichkeit: Bilder des Menschen und Technikvisionen des Enhancement}, series = {Verbesserte Menschen}, booktitle = {Verbesserte Menschen}, editor = {Weber, Karsten and Zoglauer, Thomas}, publisher = {Alber}, address = {M{\"u}nster}, pages = {15 -- 68}, language = {de} } @incollection{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Ist da jemand? {\"U}ber unsere Bereitschaft und die Unvermeidbarkeit Maschinen zu vermenschlichen}, series = {K{\"u}nstliche Menschen. Transgressionen zwischen K{\"o}rper, Kultur und Technik}, booktitle = {K{\"u}nstliche Menschen. Transgressionen zwischen K{\"o}rper, Kultur und Technik}, editor = {Liebert, W.-A. and Neuhaus, St. and Paulus, D. and Schaffers, U.}, publisher = {K{\"o}nigshausen \& Neumann}, address = {W{\"u}rzburg}, pages = {19}, language = {de} }