@article{FoerstlSuessEnglertetal., author = {F{\"o}rstl, Nikolas and S{\"u}ß, Franz and Englert, Carsten and Dendorfer, Sebastian}, title = {Design of a reverse shoulder implant to measure shoulder stiffness during implant component positioning}, series = {Medical Engineering \& Physics}, volume = {121}, journal = {Medical Engineering \& Physics}, edition = {Journal Pre-proof}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.medengphy.2023.104059}, pages = {22}, abstract = {To avoid dislocation of the shoulder joint after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty, it is important to achieve sufficient shoulder stability when placing the implant components during surgery. One parameter for assessing shoulder stability can be shoulder stiffness. The aim of this research was to develop a temporary reverse shoulder implant prototype that would allow intraoperative measurement of shoulder stiffness while varying the position of the implant components. Joint angle and torque measurement techniques were developed to determine shoulder stiffness. Hall sensors were used to measure the joint angles by converting the magnetic flux densities into angles. The accuracy of the joint angle measurements was tested using a test bench. Torques were determined by using thin-film pressure sensors. Various mechanical mechanisms for variable positioning of the implant components were integrated into the prototype. The results of the joint angle measurements showed measurement errors of less than 5° in a deflection range of ±15° adduction/abduction combined with ±45° flexion/extension. The proposed design provides a first approach for intra-operative assessment of shoulder stiffness. The findings can be used as a technological basis for further developments.}, language = {en} } @article{BartschBurgerGradetal., author = {Bartsch, Alexander and Burger, Moritz and Grad, Marius and Esper, Lukas and Schultheiß, Ulrich and Noster, Ulf and Schratzenstaller, Thomas}, title = {Enhancement of laser cut edge quality of ultra-thin titanium grade 2 sheets by applying an in-process approach using modulated Yb:YAG continuous wave fiber laser}, series = {Discover Mechanical Engineering}, journal = {Discover Mechanical Engineering}, number = {10}, publisher = {Springer}, doi = {10.1007/s44245-023-00018-3}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-65647}, pages = {9}, abstract = {Titanium is used in many areas due to its excellent mechanical, biological and corrosion-resistant properties. Implants often have thin and filigree structures, providing an ideal application for fine cutting with laser. In the literature, the main focus is primarily on investigating and optimizing the parameters for titanium sheets with thicknesses greater than 1 mm. Hence, in this study, the basic manufacturing parameters of laser power, cutting speed and laser pulse of a 200 W modulated fiber laser are investigated for 0.15 mm thick grade 2 titanium sheets. A reproducible, continuous cut could be achieved using 90 W laser-power and 2 mm/s cutting-speed. Pulse pause variations between 85 and 335 μs in 50 μs steps and a fixed pulse width of 50 μs show that a minimum kerf width of 23.4 μm, as well as a minimum cut edge roughness Rz of 3.59 μm, is achieved at the lowest pulse pause duration. An increase in roughness towards the laser exit side, independent of the laser pulse pause duration, was found and discussed. The results provide initial process parameters for cutting thin titanium sheets and thus provide the basis for further investigations, such as the influence of cutting gas pressure and composition on the cut edge.}, language = {en} } @article{SieglJungbauerGebhardtetal., author = {Siegl, Marco and Jungbauer, Bastian and Gebhardt, Jakob and Judenmann, Anna and Ehrlich, Ingo}, title = {Winding process of fibre-reinforced thermoplastic tubes with integrated tape production through in-situ roving impregnation and infrared consolidation}, series = {The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology}, volume = {135}, journal = {The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology}, number = {5-6}, editor = {Baeten, Somayeh}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1007/s00170-024-14628-y}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-77827}, pages = {2847 -- 2870}, abstract = {This paper introduces a novel method for producing fibre-reinforced thermoplastic tubes by integrating tape production and consolidation into a single operation. This innovation diverges from conventional methods by combining processes to reduce costs by using raw materials instead of organotapes, allowing customised material combinations and utilising residual heat from tape production. The new process uses carbon roving and molten low-viscosity PA6 granulates, processed through a new direct impregnation setup in siphon design. Key advancements include a high-speed impregnation module capable of up to 1 m/s with high-performance extruders, cost-effective infrared emitters for winding, and a powered consolidation unit with adjustable winding angles between ±65° and ±90°. Experiments demonstrate operational speeds of approximately 471 mm/min, with an optimal cross-winding speed of 354 mm/min due to the technical limitations of the laboratory extruder and IR emitter used. Based on the technical limitations of the current system, future improvements and methodological changes will be discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{KravanjaBelyaevaHribaretal., author = {Kravanja, Gaia and Belyaeva, Inna A. and Hribar, Luka and Drevenšek-Olenik, Irena and Jezeršek, Matija and Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail}, title = {Tunable Drop Splashing on Magnetoactive Elastomers}, series = {Advanced Materials Interfaces}, volume = {8}, journal = {Advanced Materials Interfaces}, number = {11}, publisher = {Wiley}, doi = {10.1002/admi.202100235}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-24504}, pages = {1 -- 7}, abstract = {The significant effect of an external dc magnetic field on the splashing behavior of ethanol drops impacting on the unstructured (flat) surface of soft magnetoactive elastomers (MAEs) is reported. The Weber number corresponding to the transition between the deposition and the splashing regime is reduced by ≈20\% in a moderate magnetic field of ≈300 mT. Alongside this effect, a two-fold increase of the initial deceleration of the ejection sheet is observed for the softest sample. The main underlying mechanism for the observed phenomena is believed to be the magnetic-field-induced stiffening of the MAEs. Further possible mechanisms are magnetically induced changes in the surface roughness and magnetic-field-induced plasticity (magnetic shape memory effect). The potential application areas are magnetically regulable wetting and magneto-responsive surfaces for controlling the drop splashing.}, language = {en} } @misc{KrieglKravanjaHribaretal., author = {Kriegl, Raphael and Kravanja, Gaia and Hribar, Luka and Jezeršek, Matija and Drevenšek-Olenik, Irena and Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail}, title = {Characterization of Wetting Properties of Magnetoactive Elastomer Surfaces}, series = {Proceedings of the ASME Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems (SMASIS) - 2023, September 11-13, 2023 Austin, Texas, USA}, journal = {Proceedings of the ASME Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems (SMASIS) - 2023, September 11-13, 2023 Austin, Texas, USA}, publisher = {The American Society of Mechanical Engineers}, address = {New York, USA}, isbn = {978-0-7918-8752-3}, doi = {10.1115/SMASIS2023-110998}, abstract = {Commercially available contact angle (CA) measuring devices usually do not allow for the application of magnetic fields to the sample under test. A setup for measuring the CA of liquids on magnetosensitive surfaces has been developed specifically for investigating the surfaces of magnetoactive elastomers (MAEs). The addition of a programmable linear stage, which moves a permanent magnet, allows for fine control of the magnetic field applied to the MAE without the need for large and power-consuming electromagnets. Paired with a custom control and evaluation software, this measurement setup operates semiautomatically, limiting operator error and increasing precision, speed, as well as repeatability of static and dynamic CA measurements for different magnetoactive materials. The software is equipped with robust droplet fitting algorithms to avoid experimental challenges arising with soft magnetoactive materials, such as the curling of sample edges or diffuse non-reflective surfaces. Several application examples on MAE surfaces, both processed and unprocessed, are presented.}, language = {en} } @article{PangerlSukulRuecketal., author = {Pangerl, Jonas and Sukul, Pritam and R{\"u}ck, Thomas and Escher, Lukas and Miekisch, Wolfram and Bierl, Rudolf and Matysik, Frank-Michael}, title = {Photoacoustic trace-analysis of breath isoprene and acetone via interband- and Quantum Cascade Lasers}, series = {Sensors and Actuators: B. Chemical}, volume = {424}, journal = {Sensors and Actuators: B. Chemical}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.snb.2024.136886}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-77024}, pages = {12}, abstract = {This research presents two laser-based photoacoustic approaches for analyzing exhaled breath isoprene and acetone. The integration of a PTR-ToF-MS as a reference device ensured the reliability and accuracy of the photoacoustic systems that is based on an ICL for isoprene and a QCL for acetone detection. The calibration yielded limits of detection of 26.9 ppbV and 1.7 ppbV, respectively, and corresponding normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficients (NNEAs) of 5.0E-9 Wcm 1Hz 0.5 and 4.9E-9 Wcm 1Hz 0.5. Laboratory as well as real breath sample measurements from alveolar breath revealed a robust system performance, with only one outlier within the static isoprene measurements. However, discrepancies emerged under dynamic breath sampling conditions, emphasizing the need for further optimization. Especially by knowing the dynamic nature and endogenous origin of exhaled isoprene our findings highlight the potential of breath analysis for non-invasive physio-metabolic and pathophysiological monitoring towards point-of-care devices}, language = {en} } @article{FrankeWagner, author = {Franke, Markus and Wagner, Marcus}, title = {Transient surrogate modeling of modally reduced structures with discontinuous loads and damping}, series = {Archive of Applied Mechanics}, volume = {94}, journal = {Archive of Applied Mechanics}, number = {5}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1007/s00419-024-02601-w}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-72834}, pages = {20}, abstract = {In this work, a surrogate model for structural, transient and discontinuously excited finite element method simulations is developed. This allows to reduce the computational effort of repeated calculations of identical models under different load cases. The architecture of the surrogate combines fully connected neural network layers with long short-term memory layers. For the reproduction of different damping ratios, a categorical variable is added to the continuous input data. Based on a recursive flow of the predicted data back to the input layer, long-term dependencies do not vanish due to short-input sequences. The system dimension is reduced by applying the model-order reduction technique for modal decomposition. The high accuracy of the surrogate and the reduction of computational costs are shown on an academic example of a cantilever beam and a real-world example of a robot. The advantages of our approach are illustrated in comparison with state-of-the-art surrogates for transient finite element analysis. By using the surrogate proposed in this study, oscillations due to discontinuous excitation of mechanical structures can be reproduced. For this purpose, only short-input sequences are necessary since the excitation of the oscillations does not have to be part of the input sequence during the whole duration of the oscillations. Due to the categorical variable for the damping ratio, the surrogate can account for the influence of different damping in parameter studies.}, language = {en} } @article{LindnerPipaKarpenetal., author = {Lindner, Matthias and Pipa, Andrei V. and Karpen, Norbert and Hink, R{\"u}diger and Berndt, Dominik and Foest, R{\"u}diger and Bonaccurso, Elmar and Weichwald, Robert and Friedberger, Alois and Caspari, Ralf and Brandenburg, Ronny and Schreiner, Rupert}, title = {Icing Mitigation by MEMS-Fabricated Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge}, series = {Applied Sciences}, volume = {11}, journal = {Applied Sciences}, number = {23}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/app112311106}, pages = {1 -- 17}, abstract = {Avoiding ice accumulation on aerodynamic components is of enormous importance to flight safety. Novel approaches utilizing surface dielectric barrier discharges (SDBDs) are expected to be more efficient and effective than conventional solutions for preventing ice accretion on aerodynamic components. In this work, the realization of SDBDs based on thin-film substrates by means of micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) technology is presented. The anti-icing performance of the MEMS SDBDs is presented and compared to SDBDs manufactured by printed circuit board (PCB) technology. It was observed that the 35 mu m thick electrodes of the PCB SDBDs favor surface icing with an initial accumulation of supercooled water droplets at the electrode impact edges. This effect was not observed for 0.3 mu m thick MEMS-fabricated electrodes indicating a clear advantage for MEMS-technology SDBDs for anti-icing applications. Titanium was identified as the most suitable material for MEMS electrodes. In addition, an optimization of the MEMS-SDBDs with respect to the dielectric materials as well as SDBD design is discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{GamischHuberGadereretal., author = {Gamisch, Bernd and Huber, Lea and Gaderer, Matthias and Dawoud, Belal}, title = {On the Kinetic Mechanisms of the Reduction and Oxidation Reactions of Iron Oxide/Iron Pellets for a Hydrogen Storage Process}, series = {Energies}, volume = {15}, journal = {Energies}, number = {21}, publisher = {MDPI}, doi = {10.3390/en15218322}, abstract = {This work aims at investigating the kinetic mechanisms of the reduction/oxidation (redox) reactions of iron oxide/iron pellets under different operating conditions. The reaction principle is the basis of a thermochemical hydrogen storage system. To simulate the charging phase, a single pellet consisting of iron oxide (90\% Fe2O3, 10\% stabilising cement) is reduced with different hydrogen (H2) concentrations at temperatures between 600 and 800 °C. The discharge phase is initiated by the oxidation of the previously reduced pellet by water vapour (H2O) at different concentrations in the same temperature range. In both reactions, nitrogen (N2) is used as a carrier gas. The redox reactions have been experimentally measured in a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) at a flow rate of 250 mL/min. An extensive literature review has been conducted on the existing reactions' kinetic mechanisms along with their applicability to describe the obtained results. It turned out that the measured kinetic results can be excellently described with the so-called shrinking core model. Using the geometrical contracting sphere reaction mechanism model, the concentration- and temperature-dependent reduction and oxidation rates can be reproduced with a maximum deviation of less than 5\%. In contrast to the reduction process, the temperature has a smaller effect on the oxidation reaction kinetics, which is attributed to 71\% less activation energy (Ea,Re=56.9 kJ/mol versus Ea,Ox=16.0 kJ/mol). The concentration of the reacting gas showed, however, an opposite trend: namely, to have an almost twofold impact on the oxidation reaction rate constant compared to the reduction rate constant.}, language = {en} } @article{KaessStrahringerWestner, author = {K{\"a}ss, Sebastian and Strahringer, Susanne and Westner, Markus}, title = {A Multiple Mini Case Study on the Adoption of Low Code Development Platforms in Work Systems}, series = {IEEE Access}, journal = {IEEE Access}, publisher = {IEEE}, issn = {2169-3536}, doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3325092}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-65634}, pages = {118762 -- 118786}, abstract = {Although adopting Low Code Development Platforms (LCDPs) promises significant efficiency and effectiveness improvements for application development, its adoption still needs further empirical research. This paper uses a combinatorial approach to research LCDP adoption and presents the results of a multiple mini case study with 36 cases on LCDP adoption. A combination of the Socio-Technical Systems theory and the Technology-Organisational-Environment model is used as a theoretical lens. In this paper, we show that LCDP adoption is a multifaceted phenomenon and identify three archetypes for LCDP adoption (i.e., IT Resource Shortage Mitigators, Application Development Democratisers, and Synergy Realisers) and one archetype for LCDP non-adoption (i.e., Intricacy Adversaries). Each archetype can be interpreted as an individual path towards LCDP (non-)adoption. Based on these archetypes, we derive seven starting points for practitioners to adopt LCDPs in work systems. Moreover, by using the theoretical lenses, the paper shows that for an LCDP adoption to occur, an optimisation of the social and technical sub-systems is required.}, language = {en} } @article{KrieglKravanjaHribaretal., author = {Kriegl, Raphael and Kravanja, Gaia and Hribar, Luka and Čoga, Lucija and Drevenšek-Olenik, Irena and Jezeršek, Matija and Kalin, Mitjan and Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail}, title = {Microstructured Magnetoactive Elastomers for Switchable Wettability}, series = {Polymers}, volume = {14}, journal = {Polymers}, number = {18}, publisher = {MDPI}, doi = {10.3390/polym14183883}, pages = {1 -- 21}, abstract = {We demonstrate the control of wettability of non-structured and microstructured magnetoactive elastomers (MAEs) by magnetic field. The synthesized composite materials have a concentration of carbonyl iron particles of 75 wt.\% (≈27 vol.\%) and three different stiffnesses of the elastomer matrix. A new method of fabrication of MAE coatings on plastic substrates is presented, which allows one to enhance the response of the apparent contact angle to the magnetic field by exposing the particle-enriched side of MAEs to water. A magnetic field is not applied during crosslinking. The highest variation of the contact angle from (113 ± 1)° in zero field up to (156 ± 2)° at about 400 mT is achieved in the MAE sample with the softest matrix. Several lamellar and pillared MAE structures are fabricated by laser micromachining. The lateral dimension of surface structures is about 50 µm and the depth varies between 3 µm and 60 µm. A systematic investigation of the effects of parameters of laser processing (laser power and the number of passages of the laser beam) on the wetting behavior of these structures in the absence and presence of a magnetic field is performed. In particular, strong anisotropy of the wetting behavior of lamellar structures is observed. The results are qualitatively discussed in the framework of the Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter models. Finally, directions of further research on magnetically controlled wettability of microstructured MAE surfaces are outlined. The obtained results may be useful for the development of magnetically controlled smart surfaces for droplet-based microfluidics.}, language = {en} } @article{LehrerKapsLepeniesetal., author = {Lehrer, Tobias and Kaps, Arne and Lepenies, Ingolf and Duddeck, Fabian and Wagner, Marcus}, title = {2S-ML: A simulation-based classification and regression approach for drawability assessment in deep drawing}, series = {International Journal of Material Forming}, volume = {16}, journal = {International Journal of Material Forming}, publisher = {Springer}, doi = {10.1007/s12289-023-01770-3}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-64664}, pages = {1 -- 17}, abstract = {New structural sheet metal parts are developed in an iterative, time-consuming manner. To improve the reproducibility and speed up the iterative drawability assessment, we propose a novel low-dimensional multi-fidelity inspired machine learning architecture. The approach utilizes the results of low-fidelity and high-fidelity finite element deep drawing simulation schemes. It hereby relies not only on parameters, but also on additional features to improve the generalization ability and applicability of the drawability assessment compared to classical approaches. Using the machine learning approach on a generated data set for a wide range of different cross-die drawing configurations, a classifier is trained to distinguish between drawable and non-drawable setups. Furthermore, two regression models, one for drawable and one for non-drawable designs are developed that rank designs by drawability. At instantaneous evaluation time, classification scores of high accuracy as well as regression scores of high quality for both regressors are achieved. The presented models can substitute low-fidelity finite element models due to their low evaluation times while at the same time, their predictive quality is close to high-fidelity models. This approach may enable fast and efficient assessments of designs in early development phases at the accuracy of a later design phase in the future.}, language = {en} } @article{MikhaeilNowakPalombaetal., author = {Mikhaeil, Makram and Nowak, Sebastian and Palomba, Valeria and Frazzica, Andrea and Gaderer, Matthias and Dawoud, Belal}, title = {Experimental and analytical investigation of applying an asymmetric plate heat exchanger as an evaporator in a thermally driven adsorption appliance}, series = {Applied Thermal Engineering}, journal = {Applied Thermal Engineering}, number = {228}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.120525}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-61115}, abstract = {This communication presents an experimental and analytical study on the evaporation mechanism in a closed-structured asymmetric plate heat exchanger (PHE) employed as a stagnant water evaporator for the application in an adsorption heat transformation appliance. To this aim, an experimental unit is constructed, which comprises two identical PHEs, one acting as an vaporator/condenser and the second, as an adsorber/desorber. Two endoscopes are mounted inside the investigated evaporator to visualize the evaporation mechanism when performing adsorption-evaporation processes under different boundary conditions. It turned out that the evaporation mechanism is a partially covered, thin film evaporation. A heat transfer analysis is performed to evaluate the heat transfer coefficient of the thin film evaporation () inside the investigated evaporator, resulting in -values between 1330 and 160 [W∙m-2∙K-1] over the investigated adsorption-evaporation time. Correlating the obtained () to the film thickness and the wetted area results in -values between 0.34 and 0.78 [mm] and wetted to total area ratios of 0.78 to 0.16. Besides, an analytical model has been developed and introduced to correlate the overall evaporator heat transfer coefficient with the adsorption potential and the time rate of change of the water uptake.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KaramaraBogdanskiZoelleretal., author = {Karamara, Merve and Bogdanski, Moritz-Ole and Z{\"o}ller, Raphael and Albrecht, Sophie Viktoria and Linner, Thomas and Bock, Thomas and Braml, Thomas}, title = {Increasing efficiency and sustainability: A comparative analysis of concrete 3D printing and traditional methods based on case studies}, series = {MATEC Web of Conferences}, volume = {409}, booktitle = {MATEC Web of Conferences}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, doi = {10.1051/matecconf/202540913005}, pages = {7}, abstract = {At the forthcoming Concrete Solutions 2025 conference, the subject of concrete 3D printing will be explored in the "Case Studies" category, with a comparison to traditional methods. Concrete 3D printing offers several significant advantages, including the ability to create complex geometries, increased material efficiency, faster build times and cost savings. These are particularly important in the context of the current skilled labour shortage and emphasis on resource efficiency in construction. Nevertheless, challenges persist in the areas of machine reliability, process integration, and material adaptation to meet the requirements of 3D printing. The case studies will present modular and design-engineering-based strategies for the development of efficient, scalable automation solutions that integrate 3D printing into existing processes and allow for project-specific customisation through selective automation. These findings provide a robust framework for industrial applications that enhance efficiency and adaptability. By comparing concrete 3D printing to conventional methods, the insights offer a foundation for advancing automated production in construction, promoting scalable, resource-efficient, and economically sustainable practices that address the industry's evolving demands.}, language = {en} } @article{FrankeWagnerKrause, author = {Franke, Markus and Wagner, Marcus and Krause, Tom Janis}, title = {Data-driven model order reduction with surrogate elements for transient simulations}, series = {Engineering Computations : International journal for computer-aided engineering and software}, volume = {2025}, journal = {Engineering Computations : International journal for computer-aided engineering and software}, publisher = {Emerald Publishing}, address = {Leeds}, doi = {10.1108/EC-06-2024-0511}, pages = {26}, abstract = {Purpose - The purpose of this study is to introduce surrogate elements for static and transient finite element simulations. These elements are designed to replace regions of several conventional solid elements with a single artificial element that possesses a reduced number of degrees of freedoms (dofs). A notable advantage of our surrogate elements is their seamless integration into standard finite element meshes. Design/methodology/approach - The construction of the surrogate elements stiffness and mass matrices is achieved through an optimization process wherein displacements serve as the optimization objective. Moreover, the matrices are designed to possess properties analogous to those of standard finite elements. A particular focus is placed on ensuring that the artificial stiffness matrices are positive semi-definite. Furthermore, artificial degrees of freedom are introduced. Findings - The efficacy of the proposed technique is demonstrated through its application to two different use cases. It is demonstrated that, despite being trained on examples comprising a single surrogate element, the surrogate elements can be employed multiple times within complex and practical models. The degree of accuracy achieved in these applications is noteworthy. Moreover, the proposed method is considerably faster than the fully discretized models. Originality/value - The study expands the field of substructuring and model order reduction by incorporating artificial surrogate elements built by neural networks, which enables seamless integration with standard finite element analysis via positive semi-definite matrices. Furthermore, the introduction of artificial degrees of freedom, which are detached from the computational domain, is proposed. Once trained, the surrogate elements can be utilised in load and support independent scenarios.}, language = {en} } @article{HillebrandWestnerMatschi, author = {Hillebrand, Patrick and Westner, Markus and Matschi, Markus}, title = {Schl{\"u}sselfaktoren erfolgreicher CIOs}, series = {HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik}, volume = {59}, journal = {HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1365/s40702-022-00867-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-33751}, pages = {762 -- 779}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Studie untersucht Schl{\"u}sselfaktoren erfolgrei- cher CIOs in deutschen Großunternehmen. Mit einer mittleren Verweildauer (Median) von 4,0 Jahren weisen deutsche CIOs, die mit 43 \% noch {\"u}berwiegend an den CFO berichten, im Vergleich zu anderen C-Level-Positionen eine deutlich k{\"u}rzere Verweildauer im Amt auf. Die Ergebnisse aus 60 Interviews mit erfolgreichen deutschsprachigen CIOs, die prim{\"a}r {\"u}ber eine {\"u}berdurchschnittlich lange Verweildauer verf{\"u}gen, lassen verschiedene Schl{\"u}sselfaktoren f{\"u}r den Erfolg erkennen: Grundvoraussetzung ist stets die Gew{\"a}hrleistung eines sicheren und effizienten IT-Betriebs. {\"U}ber effektive und innovative Change-Projekte machen die interviewten CIOs den IT-Mehrwert transparent und agieren als Br{\"u}ckenbauer zwischen IT und Fachbereichen. Dadurch wirken sie positiv auf die Firmenkultur ein und etablieren die IT nachhaltig in den Fachbereichen als Erfolgsfaktor. Erfolgreiche CIOs selbst sind keine „Techies", sondern zeichnen sich durch hohe F{\"u}hrungskompetenz und ein hohes Gesch{\"a}ftsverst{\"a}ndnis, gepaart mit vision{\"a}rem Denken aus. Dadurch gelingt es ihnen, die IT zukunftsorientiert auszurichten und Anforderungen und Potenziale f{\"u}r und aus den Fachbereichen fr{\"u}hzeitig zu antizipieren. Die zuk{\"u}nftige Entwicklung der CIO-Organisation und der Paradigmen in der IT wird durch die Studienteilnehmer hingegen teilweise kontrovers diskutiert - so gibt es beispielsweise bei der Beurteilung der Sinnhaftigkeit und Relevanz der CDO-Position noch kein einheitliches Meinungsbild.}, language = {de} } @article{ThumannBuchnerMarburgetal., author = {Thumann, Philipp and Buchner, Stefan and Marburg, Steffen and Wagner, Marcus}, title = {A comparative study of Glinka and Neuber approaches for fatigue strength assessment on 42CrMoS4-QT specimens}, series = {Strain}, volume = {2023}, journal = {Strain}, number = {e12470}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {1475-1305}, doi = {10.1111/str.12470}, pages = {21}, abstract = {In fatigue strength assessment, the methods based on ideal elastic stresses according to Basquin and the less established method based on elastic-plastic stress quantities according to Manson, Coffin and Morrow are applied. The former calculates loads using linear-elastic stresses, the latter requires elasticplastic evaluation parameters, such as stresses and strains. These can be determined by finite element analysis (FEA) with a linear-elastic constitutive law, and subsequent conversion to elastic-plastic loads, using the macro support formula by Neuber. In this contribution, an alternative approach to approximate elastic-plastic parameters proposed by Glinka is compared to the the strain-life method using Neuber's formula, as well as the stress-life method of Basquin. Several component tests on 42CrMoS4-QT specimens are investigated. To determine the input data for the fatigue strength evaluations, the entire test setup is computed by FEA. The nodal displacements from these validated full-model simulations are used as boundary conditions for a submodel simulation of a notch, whose results serve as input for the fatigue strength assessments. It is shown that all approaches provide a reliable assessment of components. Our key result is that the strain-life method using the concept by Glinka for notch stress computation, yields improved results in fatigue strength assessments.}, language = {en} } @article{SchuheggerKaraGalkaetal., author = {Schuhegger, Lukas and Kara, Sinan and Galka, Stefan and D{\"u}nnweber, Jan and Meißner, Sebastian}, title = {Umzugsplanung mit Fabrikdatenmodellen und Virtual Reality}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb}, volume = {119}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb}, number = {11}, publisher = {de Gruyter}, issn = {2511-0896}, doi = {10.1515/zwf-2024-1154}, pages = {799 -- 804}, abstract = {Angesichts eines dynamischen industriellen Umfelds m{\"u}ssen produzierende Unternehmen flexibel bleiben und sich kontinuierlich anpassen, um ihre Wettbewerbsf{\"a}higkeit zu erhalten. Eine effektive Planung von Restrukturierungen in Produktionssystemen, oft als Umzugsplanung bezeichnet, ist entscheidend, um Verz{\"o}gerungen zu vermeiden und Stillstandszeiten zu minimieren. Die Identifikation von Umzugsf{\"a}llen, welche den Umfang umzuziehender Ressourcen wie Maschinen, Anlagen, Ausr{\"u}stungen und Arbeitspl{\"a}tzen beschreiben und die Definition zugeh{\"o}riger Aufgaben sind essenzielle Schritte der Umzugsplanung. Dieser Beitrag stellt eine Vorgehensweise zur Bestimmung von Umzugsf{\"a}llen mittels eines Fabrikdatenmodells vor, erg{\"a}nzt durch eine Visualisierung in Virtual Reality, um Planende bei der Umzugsplanung zu unterst{\"u}tzen.}, language = {de} } @article{SchmidbauerBeckerHaug, author = {Schmidbauer, Simon and Becker, Maria and Haug, Sonja}, title = {Online Political Participation of Refugees in Germany: Analysis of a Survey in Bavaria}, series = {Sage Online}, journal = {Sage Online}, publisher = {Sage}, address = {Thousand Oaks}, doi = {10.1177/21582440241286303}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-77671}, abstract = {New media are an important resource for the political participation of marginalized groups. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the factors that influence whether this opportunity is used. Influencing factors emerge from both the Civic Voluntarism Model and previous research on migrants' political activity. Using data collected in 2019/2020 from 486 refugees living in Bavaria, we estimate linear probability models to investigate facilitating factors for the use of new media for political participation. The analysis shows that refugees in Germany who inform themselves about politics online tend to be predominantly male, higher educated, and politically involved. Language skills and the duration of stay also appear to be important. For the expression of one's political opinion online, gender and language skills have an impact, but informing oneself about German politics, political interest, and offline political activity in Germany are the most relevant factors. This indicates that there is a close link between on- und offline activity. However, using the internet requires particular resources, so that people with lower language skills, for example, are particularly disadvantaged.}, language = {de} } @article{GradSchultheissDiemaretal., author = {Grad, Marius and Schultheiß, Ulrich and Diemar, Andreas and Spieß, Lothar and Noster, Ulf}, title = {Preparation methodology for the microstructural characterization of diffusion layers in a titanium/steel composite}, series = {Practical Metallography}, volume = {61}, journal = {Practical Metallography}, number = {12}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, issn = {2195-8599}, doi = {10.1515/pm-2024-0087}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-78346}, pages = {938 -- 946}, abstract = {Hot pressing of titanium and carbon steel leads to the formation of a diffusion layer at the interface. Depending on the carbon content of the steel used, it either exclusively contains TiC or additional other phases. In the case of steel with a medium carbon concentration (0.67 wt.\% C), a pure TiC layer forms. A preparation methodology was developed to make statements about functional and microstructural properties of the respective layers such as layer thickness, porosity, or grain size. However, apart from the diffusion layer's microstructure, it also reveals the microstructure of the two base substrates. A comparison based on electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) examinations yields similar results in terms of microstructure. A micrograph analysis based on the new preparation methodology also allows confirming the element distribution measurement by glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES). The methodology therefore provides a way of quickly and reliably controlling the layer formation during the hot pressing process of titanium and carbon steel.}, language = {en} } @article{PangerlMoserMuelleretal., author = {Pangerl, Jonas and Moser, Elisabeth and M{\"u}ller, Max and Weigl, Stefan and Jobst, Simon and R{\"u}ck, Thomas and Bierl, Rudolf and Matysik, Frank-Michael}, title = {A sub-ppbv-level Acetone and Ethanol Quantum Cascade Laser Based Photoacoustic Sensor- Characterization and Multi-Component Spectra Recording in Synthetic Breath}, series = {Photoacoustics}, volume = {30}, journal = {Photoacoustics}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {2213-5979}, doi = {10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100473}, pages = {1 -- 12}, abstract = {Trace gas analysis in breath is challenging due to the vast number of different components. We present a highly sensitive quantum cascade laser based photoacoustic setup for breath analysis. Scanning the range between 8263 and 8270 nm with a spectral resolution of 48 pm, we are able to quantify acetone and ethanol within a typical breath matrix containing water and CO2. We photoacoustically acquired spectra within this region of mid-infra-red light and prove that those spectra do not suffer from non-spectral interferences. The purely additive behavior of a breath sample spectrum was verified by comparing it with the independently acquired single component spectra using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. A previously presented simulation approach is improved and an error attribution study is presented. With a 3σ detection limit of 6.5 ppbv in terms of ethanol and 250 pptv regarding acetone, our system is among the best performing presented so far.}, language = {en} } @article{RauchBrueckl, author = {Rauch, Johannes and Br{\"u}ckl, Oliver}, title = {Achieving Optimal Reactive Power Compensation in Distribution Grids by Using Industrial Compensation Systems}, series = {Electricity}, volume = {4}, journal = {Electricity}, number = {1}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/electricity4010006}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-59139}, pages = {78 -- 95}, abstract = {This paper presents a method for integrating industrial consumers owning compensation systems as alternative reactive power sources into grid operating processes. In remuneration, they receive a market-based provision of reactive power. The aim is to analyze the potential of reactive power compensation systems of industrial companies connected to medium-voltage (10 kV-30 kV) AC grids in order to increase the reactive power ability of distribution grids. Measurement methods and reactive power potential results of six industrial companies are presented to characterize the amount and temporal availability of their reactive power potential. The presented approach for using the decentralized reactive power potential is a centralized reactive power control method and is based on optimal power flow (OPF) calculations. An optimization algorithm based on linear programming is used to coordinate a reactive power retrieval tuned to the actual demand. The influencing quantities are the current grid status (voltage and load flow capacity reserves at grid nodes and power lines) and the current reactive power potential of the reactive power sources. The compensation impact of six measured industrial companies on an exemplary medium-voltage grid is shown by an application example.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PfahlerThielNeidhart, author = {Pfahler, Katharina and Thiel, Charlotte and Neidhart, Thomas}, title = {Einfluss der Probengeometrie auf die Mechanischen Eigenschaften von Stampflehm - Eine Literaturrecherche}, series = {ce/papers - Proceedings in Civil Engineering}, volume = {8}, booktitle = {ce/papers - Proceedings in Civil Engineering}, number = {1}, publisher = {Ernst \& Sohn, a Wiley Brand}, issn = {2509-7075}, doi = {10.1002/cepa.3291}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-80291}, pages = {57 -- 68}, abstract = {Der Klimawandel lenkt den Fokus im Bauwesen zunehmend auf die Reduktion von Treibhausgasen und die F{\"o}rderung nachhaltiger Materialien. Baustoffe wie Lehm gewinnen dank ihrer {\"o}kologischen und bauphysikalischen Vorteile an Bedeutung. Eine zentrale Herausforderung stellt die Definition standardisierter Pr{\"u}fmethoden f{\"u}r Stampflehm dar. Dieser Beitrag analysiert Forschungsergebnisse zur Geometrie von Stampflehmprobek{\"o}rpern mittels Literaturrecherche und vergleicht experimentelle Untersuchungen sowie relevante Normen und Testmethoden. Die Auswertung zeigt, dass {\"a}ußere Einfl{\"u}sse wie Mischungszusammensetzung, Verdichtungsenergie, Gesteinsk{\"o}rnung und Tonminerale eine zentrale Rolle spielen. Eine Vereinheitlichung von Probengeometrie, Lagerung und Pr{\"u}fverfahren ist essenziell, um reproduzierbare Ergebnisse zu erzielen und die mechanischen Kennwerte von Stampflehm vergleichbar zu machen. Ziel ist es, einheitliche Standards zu entwickeln, um die Stampflehmbauweise in der Praxis zu f{\"o}rdern.}, subject = {Lehmbau}, language = {de} } @article{RoehrlStauferBugertetal., author = {R{\"o}hrl, Simon and Staufer, Susanne and Bugert, Flemming and Nadimpalli, Vamsi Krishna and Hauser, Florian and Grabinger, Lisa and Bittner, Dominik and Ezer, Timur and Altweck, Ricardo and Graf, Sabine and Kriza, Thomas and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Ethical Considerations of AI in Education: A Case Study based on Pythia Learning Enhancement System}, series = {IEEE Access}, volume = {11}, journal = {IEEE Access}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)}, issn = {2169-3536}, doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3583975}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-83403}, pages = {1 -- 25}, abstract = {As the use of AI in education increases, addressing ethical concerns is essential for its responsible use and implementation. This study explores the ethical considerations of AI in education by analyzing a concrete application, the Pythia Learning Enhancement System, which enables personalized and adaptive educational experiences. In this case study, the concrete implementation of Pythia, contrary to high-level abstract analyses, provides practical insights into these ethical issues. To achieve this goal, we first define Pythia and outline its implementation. Using the various topics covered by Pythia, the ethical issues associated with each of these topics are outlined, resulting in a list of ten distinct ethical issues. Because there is overlap in issues covered by similar applications, they can benefit from this identification. An ethical (human rights) and didactic (constructivism) theoretical background is then provided as a basis for further discussion. This is used to build the arguments used in the main study. This consists of analyzing each of the issues and providing recommendations to mitigate potential harm arising from these issues. This helps to provide guidelines for future applications. In the analysis, the ethical discussion is mainly based on the human rights of the stakeholders involved, emphasizing human dignity. After the analysis, each of the issues is contextualized with the recent AI Act of the European Union, providing a novel mapping of the issues of AI in education to the AI Act. Finally, the limitations of the study are stated and a plan for future research is presented.}, language = {en} } @article{GaertnerRankHeberletal., author = {G{\"a}rtner, Sebastian and Rank, Daniel and Heberl, Michael and Gaderer, Matthias and Dawoud, Belal and Haumer, Anton and Sterner, Michael}, title = {Simulation and Techno-Economic Analysis of a Power-to-Hydrogen Process for Oxyfuel Glass Melting}, series = {Energies}, volume = {14}, journal = {Energies}, number = {24}, publisher = {MDPI}, doi = {10.3390/en14248603}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-22713}, abstract = {As an energy-intensive industry sector, the glass industry is strongly affected by the increasingly stringent climate protection targets. As established combustion-based production systems ensure high process stability and glass quality, an immediate switch to low greenhouse gas emission processes is difficult. To approach these challenges, this work investigates a step-by-step integration of a Power-to-Hydrogen concept into established oxyfuel glass melting processes using a simulation approach. This is complemented by a case study for economic analysis on a selected German glass industry site by simulating the power production of a nearby renewable energy park and subsequent optimization of the power-to-hydrogen plant performance and capacities. The results of this study indicate, that the proposed system can reduce specific carbon dioxide emissions by up to 60\%, while increasing specific energy demand by a maximum of 25\%. Investigations of the impact of altered combustion and furnace properties like adiabatic flame temperature (+25 °C), temperature efficiency (∆ξ = -0.003) and heat capacity flow ratio (∆zHL = -0.009) indicate that pure hydrogen-oxygen combustion has less impact on melting properties than assumed so far. Within the case study, high CO2 abatement costs of 295 €/t CO2-eq. were determined. This is mainly due to the insufficient performance of renewable energy sources. The correlations between process scaling and economic parameters presented in this study show promising potential for further economic optimization of the proposed energy system in the future.}, language = {en} } @article{ReichenederWestnerMatschi, author = {Reicheneder, Matthias and Westner, Markus and Matschi, Markus}, title = {IT-Near- und Offshoring in deutschen Großunternehmen: Aktueller Stand, Motive und Auswahlkriterien}, series = {HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik}, journal = {HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Wiesbaden}, issn = {1436-3011}, doi = {10.1365/s40702-025-01150-2}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-79582}, pages = {19}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die aktuelle IT-Near- und Offshoring-Praxis in deutschen Großunternehmen. Daf{\"u}r wurden 33 CIOs und IT-F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}fte mittels Interviews befragt. Haupttreiber der geografischen Verlagerung von IT-Services ins Ausland ist die Ressourcenverf{\"u}gbarkeit in anderen L{\"a}ndern, bedingt durch den Fachkr{\"a}ftemangel in Deutschland. Dies trifft auch auf die Auswahl geeigneter IT-Services f{\"u}r das Near- und Offshoring zu. W{\"a}hrend IT-Near- und Offshoring historisch prim{\"a}r aufgrund von Kosteneinsparungen initiiert wurde, spielt dieser Aspekt heute eine untergeordnete Rolle. Die Interviewteilnehmer und -teilnehmerinnen sehen in Kosteneinsparungen zwar immer noch einen positiven Effekt, erwarten aber, dass dieser in Zukunft aufgrund der Angleichung des Kostenniveaus schwinden wird. Die Unternehmen verlagern haupts{\"a}chlich Applikationsbetrieb und -entwicklung, erkennen jedoch zunehmend das Potenzial, auch h{\"o}herwertige Aufgaben, z. B. Projektmanagement und Unternehmensarchitekturmanagement, aus geografisch entfernteren L{\"a}ndern erbringen zu lassen. Unternehmen, die ausschließlich IT-Nearshoring betreiben, erbringen weniger als ein Drittel ihrer IT-Services aus nahegelegenen L{\"a}ndern. Firmen mit IT-Offshoring-Pr{\"a}senzen weisen einen h{\"o}heren IT-Near‑/Offshoringgrad auf und verlagern knapp die H{\"a}lfte der eigenen IT-Serviceerbringung ins Ausland. Die beliebtesten L{\"a}nder sind Portugal f{\"u}r das Nearshoring und Indien f{\"u}r das Offshoring.}, language = {de} } @article{MauererJoblinTamburrietal., author = {Mauerer, Wolfgang and Joblin, Mitchell and Tamburri, Damian and Paradis, Carlos and Kazman, Rick and Apel, Sven}, title = {In Search of Socio-Technical Congruence: A Large-Scale Longitudinal Study}, series = {IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (TSE)}, volume = {48}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (TSE)}, number = {8}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/TSE.2021.3082074}, pages = {3159 -- 3184}, abstract = {This paper describes a large-scale empirical study investigating the relevance of socio-technical congruence over key basic software quality metrics, namely, bugs and churn. That is, we explore whether alignment or misalignment of social communication structures and technical dependencies in large software projects influences software quality. To this end, we have defined a quantitative and operational notion of socio-technical congruence, which we call /socio-technical motif congruence/ (STMC). STMC is a measure of the degree to which developers working on the same file or on two related files, need to communicate. As socio-technical congruence is a complex and multi-faceted phenomenon, the interpretability of the results is one of our main concerns, so we have employed a careful mixed-methods statistical analysis. In particular, we provide analyses with similar techniques as employed by seminal work in the field to ensure comparability of our results with the existing body of work. The major result of our study, based on an analysis of 25 large open-source projects, is that STMC is /not/ related to project quality measures---software bugs and churn---in any temporal scenario. That is, we find no statistical relationship between the alignment of developer tasks and developer communications on one hand, and project outcomes on the other hand. We conclude that, wherefore congruence does matter as literature shows, then its measurable effect lies elsewhere.}, language = {en} } @article{HofrichterRankHeberletal., author = {Hofrichter, Andreas and Rank, Daniel and Heberl, Michael and Sterner, Michael}, title = {Determination of the optimal power ratio between electrolysis and renewable energy to investigate the effects on the hydrogen production costs}, series = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy}, volume = {48}, journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy}, number = {5}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {0360-3199}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.09.263}, pages = {1651 -- 1663}, abstract = {Green hydrogen via renewable powered electrolysis has a high relevance in decarbonization and supply security. Achieving economically competitive hydrogen production costs is a major challenge in times of an energy price crisis. Our objective is to show the economically optimal installed capacity of electrolysers in relation to wind and solar power so swift and credible statements can be made regarding the system design. The ratio between renewable generation and electrolysis power as well as scaling effects, operating behaviour and development of costs are considered. Hydrogen production costs are calculated for four exemplary real PV and wind sites and different ratios of electrolysis to renewable power for the year 2020. The ideal ratio for PV systems is between 14\% and 73\% and for wind between 3.3\% and 143\% for low and high full load hours. The lowest hydrogen production costs are identified at 2.53 €/kg for 50 MW wind power and 72 MW electrolysis power. The results provide plant constructors the possibility to create a cost-optimized design via an optimum ratio of electrolysis to renewable capacity. Therefore, the procedures for planning and dimensioning of selected systems can be drastically simplified.}, language = {en} } @article{MuellerWeiglMuellerWilliamsetal., author = {M{\"u}ller, Max and Weigl, Stefan and M{\"u}ller-Williams, Jennifer and Lindauer, Matthias and R{\"u}ck, Thomas and Jobst, Simon and Bierl, Rudolf and Matysik, Frank-Michael}, title = {Comparison of photoacoustic spectroscopy and cavity ring-down spectroscopy for ambient methane monitoring at Hohenpeißenberg}, series = {Atmospheric Measurement Techniques}, volume = {16}, journal = {Atmospheric Measurement Techniques}, number = {18}, publisher = {Copernicus Publications}, issn = {1867-8548}, doi = {10.5194/amt-16-4263-2023}, pages = {4263 -- 4270}, abstract = {With an atmospheric concentration of approximately 2000 parts per billion (ppbV, 10-9), methane (CH4) is the second most abundant greenhouse gas (GHG) in the atmosphere after carbon dioxide (CO2). The task of long-term and spatially resolved GHG monitoring to verify whether climate policy actions are effective is becoming more crucial as climate change progresses. In this paper we report the CH4 concentration readings of our photoacoustic (PA) sensor over a 5 d period at Hohenpeißenberg, Germany. As a reference device, a calibrated cavity ring-down spectrometer, Picarro G2301, from the meteorological observatory of the German Weather Service (DWD) was employed. Trace gas measurements with photoacoustic instruments promise to provide low detection limits at comparably low costs. However, PA devices are often susceptible to cross-sensitivities related to fluctuating environmental conditions, e.g. ambient humidity. The obtained results show that for PA sensor systems non-radiative relaxation effects induced by varying humidity are a non-negligible factor. Applying algorithm compensation techniques, which are capable of calculating the influence of non-radiative relaxation effects on the photoacoustic signal, increase the accuracy of the photoacoustic sensor significantly. With an average relative deviation of 1.11 \% from the G2301, the photoacoustic sensor shows good agreement with the reference instrument.}, language = {en} } @article{KnoedlerDeanKnoedleretal., author = {Kn{\"o}dler, Leonard and Dean, Jillian and Knoedler, Samuel and Kauke-Navarro, Martin and Hollmann, Katharina and Alfertshofer, Michael and Helm, Sabrina and Prantl, Lukas and Schliermann, Rainer}, title = {Hard shell, soft core? Multi-disciplinary and multi-national insights into mental toughness among surgeons}, series = {Frontiers in Surgery}, volume = {11}, journal = {Frontiers in Surgery}, publisher = {Frontiers}, doi = {10.3389/fsurg.2024.1361406}, pages = {7}, abstract = {Background: With the prevalence of burnout among surgeons posing a significant threat to healthcare outcomes, the mental toughness of medical professionals has come to the fore. Mental toughness is pivotal for surgical performance and patient safety, yet research into its dynamics within a global and multi-specialty context remains scarce. This study aims to elucidate the factors contributing to mental toughness among surgeons and to understand how it correlates with surgical outcomes and personal well-being. Methods: Utilizing a cross-sectional design, this study surveyed 104 surgeons from English and German-speaking countries using the Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTQ-18) along with additional queries about their surgical practice and general life satisfaction. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were applied to investigate the variations in mental toughness across different surgical domains and its correlation with professional and personal factors. Results: The study found a statistically significant higher level of mental toughness in micro-surgeons compared to macro-surgeons and a positive correlation between mental toughness and surgeons' intent to continue their careers. A strong association was also observed between general life satisfaction and mental toughness. No significant correlations were found between the application of psychological skills and mental toughness. Conclusion: Mental toughness varies significantly among surgeons from different specialties and is influenced by professional dedication and personal life satisfaction. These findings suggest the need for targeted interventions to foster mental toughness in the surgical community, potentially enhancing surgical performance and reducing burnout. Future research should continue to explore these correlations, with an emphasis on longitudinal data and the development of resilience-building programs.}, language = {en} } @article{SavelevGlavanBelanetal., author = {Savelev, Dmitrii V. and Glavan, Gašper and Belan, Viktoria O. and Belyaeva, Inna A. and Fetisov, Leonid Y. and Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail}, title = {Resonant Magnetoelectric Effect at Low Frequencies in Layered Polymeric Cantilevers Containing a Magnetoactive Elastomer}, series = {Applied Sciences}, volume = {12}, journal = {Applied Sciences}, number = {4}, publisher = {MPDI}, doi = {10.3390/app12042102}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-30637}, pages = {1 -- 13}, abstract = {In this work, the resonance enhancement of magnetoelectric (ME) coupling at the two lowest bending resonance frequencies was investigated in layered cantilever structures comprising a magnetoactive elastomer (MAE) slab and a commercially available piezoelectric polymer multilayer. A cantilever was fixed at one end in the horizontal plane and the magnetic field was applied horizontally. Five composite structures, each containing an MAE layer of different thicknesses from 0.85 to 4 mm, were fabricated. The fundamental bending resonance frequency in the absence of a magnetic field varied between roughly 23 and 55 Hz. It decreased with the increasing thickness of the MAE layer, which was explained by a simple theory. The largest ME voltage coefficient of about 7.85 V/A was measured in a sample where the thickness of the MAE layer was ≈2 mm. A significant increase in the bending resonance frequencies in the applied DC magnetic field of 240 kA/m up to 200\% was observed. The results were compared with alternative designs for layered multiferroic structures. Directions for future research were also discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{GebhardtSchlampEhrlichetal., author = {Gebhardt, Jakob and Schlamp, Matthias and Ehrlich, Ingo and Hiermaier, Stefan}, title = {Low-velocity impact behavior of elliptic curved composite structures}, series = {International Journal of Impact Engineering}, volume = {180}, journal = {International Journal of Impact Engineering}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2023.104663}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-59304}, pages = {8}, abstract = {Although many composite structures are inconsistently curved, such as the leading edges of aircraft wings, the variety of research in impact engineering is almost limited to the impact performance of plates or cylindrically curved specimens. It is not known whether the findings obtained from standardized tests can be transferred to curved structures or which adaptions are required. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the deformation and damage behavior of inconsistently curved structures is essential to transfer the observed impact behavior of flat specimens to general curved structures and therefore to utilize the full lightweight potential of a load-specific design. An accurate description of the procedure as well as the results of the experimental and numerical study of the low-velocity impact behavior of differently single-curved elliptic specimens is presented. To close the research gap of the impact behavior of geometries with curvatures between the plates and simplified leading edges, novel specimens geometries have been derived from established impact test standards. Glassfiber-reinforced specimens are subjected to an instrumented impact test at constant impact energy. This is numerically investigated by a stacked-layer model, which used cohesive zone modeling to enable the simulation of matrix cracking, fiber fracture and delamination. The resulting projected damage areas, as well as the force and deflection histories, were evaluated and section cuts were examined to discuss the damage morphology, formation and propagation process. Significant effects on maximum deflection, compliance and dynamic behavior on the size and morphology of damage were found.}, language = {en} } @article{MarkovGlazerElbeSchliermann, author = {Markov-Glazer, Alon and Elbe, Anne-Marie and Schliermann, Rainer}, title = {From their eyes: Deaflympic athletes' and coaches' perspectives on mental training}, series = {Frontiers in sports and active living}, volume = {7}, journal = {Frontiers in sports and active living}, publisher = {Frontiers}, doi = {10.3389/fspor.2025.1613833}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-84183}, pages = {15}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION Sport psychology research has largely overlooked athletes with hearing impairments competing in Deaflympic sports, the designated elite sporting movement for this population. This study therefore explored Deaflympic athletes' and coaches' perspectives on mental training in the elite Deaf sports. METHODS A qualitative approach was used, involving six focus group interviews with 23 athletes (Mage = 33.09; 26.1\% female) and four coaches from individual and team Deaf sports. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS Three themes emerged: sport psychology consultation, the influence of visual orientation on psychological skills and demands, and Deaf sport culture and communication. While participants expressed strong interest in sport psychology, engagement with professionals was limited by accessibility issues, lack of sign language-fluent consultants, and structural barriers. Deaf athletes reported adapting some techniques to match their visual-spatial orientation and both advantages and challenges of visual reliance in sports. Distinct communication dynamics between native signers and spoken-language users within Deaf teams were also revealed. DISCUSSION These findings highlight the importance of culturally sensitive sport psychology frameworks that support the needs and preferences of Deaflympic athletes and promote equitable access to effective mental training resources.}, language = {en} } @article{SchulzVoglGeigeretal., author = {Schulz, Carsten and Vogl, Yannick and Geiger, Benjamin and Schaeffer, Thomas}, title = {Vor- und Nachteile einer Lumped-Mass-Modellierung von F{\"o}rderb{\"a}ndern am Beispiel eines Zwei-Walzensystems}, series = {Forschung im Ingenieurwesen}, volume = {88}, journal = {Forschung im Ingenieurwesen}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Vieweg}, address = {Belrin ; Heidelberg}, issn = {0015-7899}, doi = {10.1007/s10010-024-00736-4}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-72891}, pages = {9}, abstract = {Im Betrieb von F{\"o}rderb{\"a}ndern auftretende Ph{\"a}nomene sind das Bandwandern in Achsrichtung der Walzen und die Bandverformung in der Bandebene [1, S. 142]. Das Bandwandern ist bisher detailliert untersucht [2-4], w{\"a}hrend die Bandverformung Gegenstand weniger Ver{\"o}ffentlichungen ist. Deshalb wird in diesem Artikel eine Methode zur Berechnung der sich im dynamischen Betrieb einstellenden Verformung eines elastischen F{\"o}rderbandes vorgestellt. Dazu wird ein Mehrk{\"o}rpersimulations-Modell basierend auf der Lumped-Mass-Modellierung verwendet. Als Untersuchungsbeispiel dient ein Zwei-Walzensystem mit flexiblen und zylindrischen Walzen, sowie ein flexibles F{\"o}rderband. Es zeigt sich, dass mit der Lumped-Mass-Modellierung eine dynamische Bandverformung, die von der gew{\"a}hlten Diskretisierung abh{\"a}ngt, berechnet werden kann. Aufgrund dieser Abh{\"a}ngigkeit ist es notwendig eine Konvergenzanalyse durchzuf{\"u}hren. Zus{\"a}tzlich ist darauf zu achten, dass die k{\"u}nstliche Anregung aufgrund der Lumped-Mass-Modellierung nicht mit einer Eigenfrequenz des Modells zusammenf{\"a}llt.}, language = {de} } @article{FetisovChashinSavelevetal., author = {Fetisov, Yuri K. and Chashin, Dmitri V. and Savelev, Dmitrii V. and Fetisov, Leonid Y. and Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail}, title = {Anisotropic Magnetoelectric Effect in a Planar Heterostructure Comprising Piezoelectric Ceramics and Magnetostrictive Fibrous Composite}, series = {Materials}, volume = {12}, journal = {Materials}, number = {19}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/ma12193228}, pages = {1 -- 13}, abstract = {The direct magnetoelectric (ME) effect is investigated in a planar structure comprising mechanically coupled layers of a magnetostrictive fibrous composite (MFC) and a piezoelectric ceramics (lead zirconate titanate, PZT). The MFC is an array of Ni-wires with a diameter of 200 mu m that are aligned parallel to each other in a single layer. The wires are separated by a distance of 250 or 500 mu m and fixed in a polyamide matrix. The structure was placed in a tangential constant field H and was excited by an alternating magnetic field h parallel to H, while the voltage generated by the PZT layer was measured. The resulting field dependences of the magnetization M(H) and the magnetostriction lambda(H) were determined by the orientation of the field H in the plane of the structure and the distance between the Ni-wires. The ME coupling coefficient of the structure decreased from 4.8 to 0.25 V/A when the orientation of H was changed from parallel to perpendicular to Ni-wires. With an increase in the excitation field amplitude h, a nonlinear ME effect in the output voltage, namely frequency doubling, was observed. The frequency and field dependences of the efficiency of the ME transduction in the MFC-piezoelectric heterostructure are well described by the existing theory.}, language = {en} } @misc{SaffertMelznerDendorfer, author = {Saffert, Anne-Sophie and Melzner, Maximilian and Dendorfer, Sebastian}, title = {Biomechanical Analysis of the Right Elevated Glenohumeral Joint in Violinists during Legato-Playing}, series = {Biomdlore 2021: 21-23 October 2021 Vilnius/Trakai, Lithuania}, journal = {Biomdlore 2021: 21-23 October 2021 Vilnius/Trakai, Lithuania}, doi = {10.3233/THC-219001}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Many statistics reveal that violin players suffer most often from musculoskeletal disorders compared to musicians of other instrument groups. A common phenomenon, especially observed in violin beginners, is the tendency to elevate the right shoulder during playing the violin. This can probably lead to serious disorders in long-term practice with repetitive movements. OBJECTIVE: For this reason, this study investigated the relationship between the right shoulder elevation and the force in the right glenohumeral joint during violin playing. It was hypothesized that the forces in the right glenohumeral joint are higher during playing with the right shoulder raised compared to playing in normal posture. METHODS: Motion capture data from four experienced violinists was recorded and processed by means of musculoskeletal simulation to get the force and elevation angle while playing with raised shoulder and in normal position. RESULTS: The results indicate that the absolute values of the resulting force, as well as the forces in the mediolateral, inferosuperior, and anteroposterior directions, are higher in playing the violin with the shoulder raised than in a normal posture. CONCLUSIONS: Elevating the right shoulder while playing the violin may pose a potential problem.}, language = {en} } @article{GlavanBelyaevaRuwischetal., author = {Glavan, Gašper and Belyaeva, Inna A. and Ruwisch, Kevin and Wollschlaeger, Joachim and Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail}, title = {Magnetoelectric Response of Laminated Cantilevers Comprising a Magnetoactive Elastomer and a Piezoelectric Polymer, in Pulsed Uniform Magnetic Fields}, series = {Sensors}, volume = {21}, journal = {Sensors}, number = {19}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/s21196390}, pages = {1 -- 19}, abstract = {The voltage response to pulsed uniform magnetic fields and the accompanying bending deformations of laminated cantilever structures are investigated experimentally in detail. The structures comprise a magnetoactive elastomer (MAE) slab and a commercially available piezoelectric polymer multilayer. The magnetic field is applied vertically and the laminated structures are customarily fixed in the horizontal plane or, alternatively, slightly tilted upwards or downwards. Six different MAE compositions incorporating three concentrations of carbonyl iron particles (70 wt\%, 75 wt\% and 80 wt\%) and two elastomer matrices of different stiffness are used. The dependences of the generated voltage and the cantilever's deflection on the composition of the MAE layer and its thickness are obtained. The appearance of the voltage between the electrodes of a piezoelectric material upon application of a magnetic field is considered as a manifestation of the direct magnetoelectric (ME) effect in a composite laminated structure. The ME voltage response increases with the increasing total quantity of the soft-magnetic filler in the MAE layer. The relationship between the generated voltage and the cantilever's deflection is established. The highest observed peak voltage around 5.5 V is about 8.5-fold higher than previously reported values. The quasi-static ME voltage coefficient for this type of ME heterostructures is about 50 V/A in the magnetic field of approximate to 100 kA/m, obtained for the first time. The results could be useful for the development of magnetic field sensors and energy harvesting devices relying on these novel polymer composites.}, language = {en} } @article{SavelevBelyaevaChashinetal., author = {Savelev, Dmitrii V. and Belyaeva, Inna A. and Chashin, Dmitri V. and Fetisov, Leonid Y. and Romeis, Dirk and Kettl, Wolfgang and Kramarenko, Elena Yu and Saphiannikova, Marina and Stepanov, Gennady V. and Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail}, title = {Giant extensional strain of magnetoactive elastomeric cylinders in uniform magnetic fields}, series = {Materials}, volume = {13}, journal = {Materials}, number = {15}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1996-1944}, doi = {10.3390/ma13153297}, pages = {1 -- 17}, abstract = {Elongations of magnetoactive elastomers (MAEs) under ascending-descending uniform magnetic fields were studied experimentally using a laboratory apparatus specifically designed to measure large extensional strains (up to 20\%) in compliant MAEs. In the literature, such a phenomenon is usually denoted as giant magnetostriction. The synthesized cylindrical MAE samples were based on polydimethylsiloxane matrices filled with micrometer-sized particles of carbonyl iron. The impact of both the macroscopic shape factor of the samples and their magneto-mechanical characteristics were evaluated. For this purpose, the aspect ratio of the MAE cylindrical samples, the concentration of magnetic particles in MAEs and the effective shear modulus were systematically varied. It was shown that the magnetically induced elongation of MAE cylinders in the maximum magnetic field of about 400 kA/m, applied along the cylinder axis, grew with the increasing aspect ratio. The effect of the sample composition is discussed in terms of magnetic filler rearrangements in magnetic fields and the observed experimental tendencies are rationalized by simple theoretical estimates. The obtained results can be used for the design of new smart materials with magnetic-field-controlled deformation properties, e.g., for soft robotics.}, language = {en} } @article{SchudererRillSchaefferetal., author = {Schuderer, Matthias and Rill, Georg and Schaeffer, Thomas and Schulz, Carsten}, title = {Friction modeling from a practical point of view}, series = {Multibody System Dynamics}, journal = {Multibody System Dynamics}, publisher = {Springernature}, issn = {1384-5640}, doi = {10.1007/s11044-024-09978-0}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-72513}, pages = {18}, abstract = {AbstractRegularized static friction models have been used successfully for many years. However, they are unable to maintain static friction in detail. For this reason, dynamic friction models have been developed and published in the literature. However, commercial multibody simulation packages such as Adams, RecurDyn, and Simpack have developed their own specific stick-slip models instead of adopting one of the public domain approaches. This article introduces the fundamentals of these commercial models and their behavior from a practical point of view. The stick-slip models were applied to a simple test model and a more sophisticated model of a festoon cable system using their standard parameters.}, language = {en} } @article{PutzSchirmerSattleretal., author = {Putz, Christoph and Schirmer, Maximilian and Sattler, Robert and Monkman, Gareth J.}, title = {Fabrication of Bisphenol-free Boron-Siloxane Polymers}, series = {Materials Chemistry and Physics}, journal = {Materials Chemistry and Physics}, edition = {Journal Pre-proof}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.130567}, abstract = {Interest in the preparation of magnetoactive boron-siloxane polymers (MBP) has been stimulated by recent scientific developments. However, recent regulations have prohibited the inclusion of Bisphenol-A normally employed in the manufacture of commercially available products. In the following publication, two different routes for the preparation of magnetoactive borosiloxane polymers have been taken. First, the possibilities of obtaining homogeneous mixtures of magnetoactive polymers by mixing the magnetic particles with the polymer using solid CO2 (dry ice) and stirring (shearing) are investigated. In the course of the work, an approach for the preparation of reference materials of different viscosities was made to prove the transferability to other elastomers. This is then followed by a brief review of the reaction of the polymer with different solvents in relation to the mixing with particles. In manually kneaded compounds, dispersions ranging from 0.00004 to 0.004 particles per mm3 are common. The process described in this work resulted in agglomerations of no greater than 0.00004 particles per mm3 A possible synthesis route for bisphenol-free boron-siloxanes is then considered, in which for the polymer matrix, polydimethylsilanes (dichloro(methyl)silane), boric acid and iron(III)chloride are used for this purpose by polycondensation.}, language = {en} } @article{RillSchaefferSchuderer, author = {Rill, Georg and Schaeffer, Thomas and Schuderer, Matthias}, title = {LuGre or not LuGre}, series = {Multibody System Dynamics}, journal = {Multibody System Dynamics}, publisher = {Springer}, doi = {10.1007/s11044-023-09909-5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-65653}, pages = {28}, abstract = {The LuGre model is widely used in the analysis and control of systems with friction. Recently, it has even been made available in the commercial multibody dynamics simulation software system Adams. However, the LuGre model exhibits well-known drawbacks like too low and force rate-dependent break-away forces, drift problems during sticking periods, and significant differences in non-stationary situations between the pre-defined friction law and the one produced by the LuGre model. In the present literature, these problems are supposed to come from the model dynamics or its nonlinear nature. However, most of these drawbacks are not simple side effects of a dynamic friction model but are caused in the LuGre approach, as shown here, by a too simple and inconsistent model of the bristle dynamics. Standard examples and a more practical application demonstrate that the LuGre model is not a "what you see is what you get" approach. A dynamic friction model with accurate bristle dynamics and consistent friction force is set up here. It provides insight into the physical basis of the LuGre model dynamics. However, it results in a nonlinear and implicit differential equation, whose solution will not be easy because of the ambiguity of the friction characteristics. The standard workaround, a static model based on simple regularized characteristics, produces reliable and generally satisfactory results but definitely cannot maintain a stick. The paper presents a second-order dynamic friction model, which may serve as an alternative. It can maintain a stick and produces realistic and reliable results.}, language = {en} } @article{RillSchuderer, author = {Rill, Georg and Schuderer, Matthias}, title = {A Second-Order Dynamic Friction Model Compared to Commercial Stick-Slip Models}, series = {Modelling}, volume = {4}, journal = {Modelling}, number = {3}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2673-3951}, doi = {10.3390/modelling4030021}, pages = {366 -- 381}, abstract = {Friction has long been an important issue in multibody dynamics. Static friction models apply appropriate regularization techniques to convert the stick inequality and the non-smooth stick-slip transition of Coulomb's approach into a continuous and smooth function of the sliding velocity. However, a regularized friction force is not able to maintain long-term stick. That is why dynamic friction models were developed in recent decades. The friction force depends herein not only on the sliding velocity but also on internal states. The probably best-known representative, the LuGre friction model, is based on a fictitious bristle but realizes a too-simple approximation. The recently published second-order dynamic friction model describes the dynamics of a fictitious bristle more accurately. It is based on a regularized friction force characteristic, which is continuous and smooth but can maintain long-term stick due to an appropriate shift in the regularization. Its performance is compared here to stick-slip friction models, developed and launched not long ago by commercial multibody software packages. The results obtained by a virtual friction test-bench and by a more practical festoon cable system are very promising. Thus, the second-order dynamic friction model may serve not only as an alternative to the LuGre model but also to commercial stick-slip models.}, language = {en} } @article{HausladenSchelsAsgharzadeetal., author = {Hausladen, Matthias and Schels, Andreas and Asgharzade, Ali and Buchner, Philipp and Bartl, Mathias and Wohlfartsst{\"a}tter, Dominik and Edler, Simon and Bachmann, Michael and Schreiner, Rupert}, title = {Investigation of Influencing Factors on the Measurement Signal of a CMOS Image Sensor for Measuring Field Emission Currents}, series = {Sensors}, volume = {25}, journal = {Sensors}, number = {5}, publisher = {MDPI}, doi = {10.3390/s25051529}, pages = {17}, language = {en} } @article{MarkovGlazerElbeSchliermann, author = {Markov-Glazer, Alon and Elbe, Anne-Marie and Schliermann, Rainer}, title = {The use of psychological skills in deaflympic sport}, series = {European Journal of Adapted Physical Activity}, volume = {17}, journal = {European Journal of Adapted Physical Activity}, number = {15}, publisher = {European Federation of Adapted Physical Activity}, address = {Olomouc}, doi = {10.5507/euj.2024.012}, pages = {13}, abstract = {This study explores the use of psychological skills among Deaflympic athletes and aims to provide initial insights into sport psychology practices in this overlooked population. To this end, the frequency of psychological skills' usage, usage patterns, and differences between subgroups were examined within this population. The Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS) was administered to 84 German Deaflympic athletes (mean age = 28; 27\% female) along with biographical questions (e.g., hearing status). The findings indicate that Deaflympic athletes regularly utilize psychological skills in training and competition, displaying similar usage to that of Olympic athletes. However, only a minority of Deaflympic athletes train their skills with professional consultants. Additionally, relaxation techniques were employed rarely in comparison to the other investigated skills. This study's findings contribute to the foundation of sport psychology research with Deaflympic athletes and underscore the need for a differentiated approach in tailoring interventions for this population.}, language = {en} } @article{SchwarzPastoetterTranetal., author = {Schwarz, Tobias and Past{\"o}tter, Angelina and Tran, T. H. and Schlosser, Marc and Kaulen, Corinna and Lechner, Alfred and Slabon, A. and Kammler, Martin}, title = {Effect of temperature on the growth of Cupric and Cuprous Nanoparticles in a wet chemical synthesis}, series = {Materials Letters}, volume = {381}, journal = {Materials Letters}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1016/j.matlet.2024.137672}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-79279}, abstract = {Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) and cupric oxide (CuO) particles were synthesized using a wet chemical surfactant free method at different synthesis temperatures from 25 °C to 60 °C. Morphology, size, and chemical composition of the prepared Cu2O particles were analyzed by FESEM, PXRD, and UV-vis. We discovered that the chemical composition of the Cu2O particles remained unaffected by the synthesis temperature. However, morphology and size of the particles showed a strong temperature dependency. This could be attributed to the temperature induced formation of CuO species from the copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) precursor which also functions as copper precursor for the Cu2O particle growth. The cupric oxide species was determined to be the main cause for the formation of micrometer sized particles, whereas with the Cu(OH)2 precursor species for the Cu2O particles nanocubes with smaller edge lengths as well as octahedrons were obtained.}, language = {en} } @article{VoglSchulzSchaefferetal., author = {Vogl, Yannick and Schulz, Carsten and Schaeffer, Thomas and Geiger, Benjamin}, title = {Prediction of the wear behavior of a conveyor belt with flexible rollers}, series = {Multibody System Dynamics}, journal = {Multibody System Dynamics}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, issn = {1384-5640}, doi = {10.1007/s11044-025-10097-7}, pages = {16}, abstract = {This paper introduces a method to predict wear behavior in conveyor belt systems using a lumped mass modeling approach. While previous research has focused primarily on lateral belt walking, this study shifts attention to belt deformation and its associated wear. Both significantly affect system efficiency and component lifespan. The authors propose using local frictional power as a wear indicator, leveraging its direct relation to frictional work in established wear models. To solely demonstrate the method, the study simulates a conveyor belt with three flexible rollers and a deformable belt modeled through rigid spheres connected by spring-damper elements. The authors visualize frictional power density across the belt width, distinguishing between running and transverse directions. The results demonstrate that the frictional power distribution depends heavily on discretization quality, particularly due to the polygon effect inherent in the lumped mass approach. A convergence analysis reveals the minimum necessary discretization of the belt, ensuring reliable qualitative results. To support the credibility of the work, this study compares theoretical expectations and initial wear observations from a real belt with the results from the shown approach. The plausibility check already shows promising results. The proposed methodology provides an adaptable framework to evaluate wear in belt-like structures. It can be readily adapted to a variety of multibody dynamics applications and integrated into larger MBS models that include the overall drivetrain and engine control. Future work will focus on refining discretization strategies and contact models, as well as validation of the wear model to enable quantitative predictions.}, language = {en} } @article{MendelRauberSouzaJretal., author = {Mendel, Robert and Rauber, David and Souza Jr., Luis Antonio de and Papa, Jo{\~a}o Paulo and Palm, Christoph}, title = {Error-Correcting Mean-Teacher: Corrections instead of consistency-targets applied to semi-supervised medical image segmentation}, series = {Computers in Biology and Medicine}, volume = {154}, journal = {Computers in Biology and Medicine}, number = {March}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {0010-4825}, doi = {10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106585}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-57790}, pages = {13}, abstract = {Semantic segmentation is an essential task in medical imaging research. Many powerful deep-learning-based approaches can be employed for this problem, but they are dependent on the availability of an expansive labeled dataset. In this work, we augment such supervised segmentation models to be suitable for learning from unlabeled data. Our semi-supervised approach, termed Error-Correcting Mean-Teacher, uses an exponential moving average model like the original Mean Teacher but introduces our new paradigm of error correction. The original segmentation network is augmented to handle this secondary correction task. Both tasks build upon the core feature extraction layers of the model. For the correction task, features detected in the input image are fused with features detected in the predicted segmentation and further processed with task-specific decoder layers. The combination of image and segmentation features allows the model to correct present mistakes in the given input pair. The correction task is trained jointly on the labeled data. On unlabeled data, the exponential moving average of the original network corrects the student's prediction. The combined outputs of the students' prediction with the teachers' correction form the basis for the semi-supervised update. We evaluate our method with the 2017 and 2018 Robotic Scene Segmentation data, the ISIC 2017 and the BraTS 2020 Challenges, a proprietary Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection dataset, Cityscapes, and Pascal VOC 2012. Additionally, we analyze the impact of the individual components and examine the behavior when the amount of labeled data varies, with experiments performed on two distinct segmentation architectures. Our method shows improvements in terms of the mean Intersection over Union over the supervised baseline and competing methods. Code is available at https://github.com/CloneRob/ECMT.}, language = {en} } @article{GrassmannMengelkampBrandletal., author = {Graßmann, Felix and Mengelkamp, Judith and Brandl, Caroline and Harsch, Sebastian and Zimmermann, Martina E. and Linkohr, Birgit and Peters, Annette and Heid, Iris M. and Palm, Christoph and Weber, Bernhard H. F.}, title = {A Deep Learning Algorithm for Prediction of Age-Related Eye Disease Study Severity Scale for Age-Related Macular Degeneration from Color Fundus Photography}, series = {Ophtalmology}, volume = {125}, journal = {Ophtalmology}, number = {9}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.02.037}, pages = {1410 -- 1420}, abstract = {Purpose Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common threat to vision. While classification of disease stages is critical to understanding disease risk and progression, several systems based on color fundus photographs are known. Most of these require in-depth and time-consuming analysis of fundus images. Herein, we present an automated computer-based classification algorithm. Design Algorithm development for AMD classification based on a large collection of color fundus images. Validation is performed on a cross-sectional, population-based study. Participants. We included 120 656 manually graded color fundus images from 3654 Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) participants. AREDS participants were >55 years of age, and non-AMD sight-threatening diseases were excluded at recruitment. In addition, performance of our algorithm was evaluated in 5555 fundus images from the population-based Kooperative Gesundheitsforschung in der Region Augsburg (KORA; Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg) study. Methods. We defined 13 classes (9 AREDS steps, 3 late AMD stages, and 1 for ungradable images) and trained several convolution deep learning architectures. An ensemble of network architectures improved prediction accuracy. An independent dataset was used to evaluate the performance of our algorithm in a population-based study. Main Outcome Measures. κ Statistics and accuracy to evaluate the concordance between predicted and expert human grader classification. Results. A network ensemble of 6 different neural net architectures predicted the 13 classes in the AREDS test set with a quadratic weighted κ of 92\% (95\% confidence interval, 89\%-92\%) and an overall accuracy of 63.3\%. In the independent KORA dataset, images wrongly classified as AMD were mainly the result of a macular reflex observed in young individuals. By restricting the KORA analysis to individuals >55 years of age and prior exclusion of other retinopathies, the weighted and unweighted κ increased to 50\% and 63\%, respectively. Importantly, the algorithm detected 84.2\% of all fundus images with definite signs of early or late AMD. Overall, 94.3\% of healthy fundus images were classified correctly. Conclusions Our deep learning algoritm revealed a weighted κ outperforming human graders in the AREDS study and is suitable to classify AMD fundus images in other datasets using individuals >55 years of age.}, subject = {Senile Makuladegeneration}, language = {en} } @article{MaierPerretSimonetal., author = {Maier, Johannes and Perret, Jerome and Simon, Martina and Schmitt-R{\"u}th, Stephanie and Wittenberg, Thomas and Palm, Christoph}, title = {Force-feedback assisted and virtual fixtures based K-wire drilling simulation}, series = {Computers in Biology and Medicine}, volume = {114}, journal = {Computers in Biology and Medicine}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.103473}, pages = {1 -- 10}, abstract = {One common method to fix fractures of the human hand after an accident is an osteosynthesis with Kirschner wires (K-wires) to stabilize the bone fragments. The insertion of K-wires is a delicate minimally invasive surgery, because surgeons operate almost without a sight. Since realistic training methods are time consuming, costly and insufficient, a virtual-reality (VR) based training system for the placement of K-wires was developed. As part of this, the current work deals with the real-time bone drilling simulation using a haptic force-feedback device. To simulate the drilling, we introduce a virtual fixture based force-feedback drilling approach. By decomposition of the drilling task into individual phases, each phase can be handled individually to perfectly control the drilling procedure. We report about the related finite state machine (FSM), describe the haptic feedback of each state and explain, how to avoid jerking of the haptic force-feedback during state transition. The usage of the virtual fixture approach results in a good haptic performance and a stable drilling behavior. This was confirmed by 26 expert surgeons, who evaluated the virtual drilling on the simulator and rated it as very realistic. To make the system even more convincing, we determined real drilling feed rates through experimental pig bone drilling and transferred them to our system. Due to a constant simulation thread we can guarantee a precise drilling motion. Virtual fixtures based force-feedback calculation is able to simulate force-feedback assisted bone drilling with high quality and, thus, will have a great potential in developing medical applications.}, subject = {Handchirurgie}, language = {en} } @article{RueckertRueckertPalm, author = {R{\"u}ckert, Tobias and R{\"u}ckert, Daniel and Palm, Christoph}, title = {Methods and datasets for segmentation of minimally invasive surgical instruments in endoscopic images and videos: A review of the state of the art}, series = {Computers in Biology and Medicine}, volume = {169}, journal = {Computers in Biology and Medicine}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, doi = {10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.107929}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-69830}, pages = {24}, abstract = {In the field of computer- and robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery, enormous progress has been made in recent years based on the recognition of surgical instruments in endoscopic images and videos. In particular, the determination of the position and type of instruments is of great interest. Current work involves both spatial and temporal information, with the idea that predicting the movement of surgical tools over time may improve the quality of the final segmentations. The provision of publicly available datasets has recently encouraged the development of new methods, mainly based on deep learning. In this review, we identify and characterize datasets used for method development and evaluation and quantify their frequency of use in the literature. We further present an overview of the current state of research regarding the segmentation and tracking of minimally invasive surgical instruments in endoscopic images and videos. The paper focuses on methods that work purely visually, without markers of any kind attached to the instruments, considering both single-frame semantic and instance segmentation approaches, as well as those that incorporate temporal information. The publications analyzed were identified through the platforms Google Scholar, Web of Science, and PubMed. The search terms used were "instrument segmentation", "instrument tracking", "surgical tool segmentation", and "surgical tool tracking", resulting in a total of 741 articles published between 01/2015 and 07/2023, of which 123 were included using systematic selection criteria. A discussion of the reviewed literature is provided, highlighting existing shortcomings and emphasizing the available potential for future developments.}, subject = {Deep Learning}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HoengWiedererEderetal., author = {H{\"o}ng, Simon K. and Wiederer, Jonas and Eder, Friedrich and Obergriesser, Mathias and Linner, Thomas}, title = {Towards AI-enhanced facade planning : integrating human expertise with machine learning-driven parametric modeling}, series = {EC³ \& CIB W78 : 2025 European Conference on Computing in Construction \& 42nd CIB W78 IT in Construction Conference}, volume = {6}, booktitle = {EC³ \& CIB W78 : 2025 European Conference on Computing in Construction \& 42nd CIB W78 IT in Construction Conference}, publisher = {European Council for Computing in Construction}, isbn = {978-9-083451-31-2}, issn = {2684-1150}, doi = {10.35490/EC3.2025.320}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-84862}, pages = {192 -- 199}, abstract = {Planning modern facade systems is complex, requiring optimization across multiple domains.This paper proposes an AI-enhanced workflow for facade planning, harnessing computer vision and human input via a Large Language Model.A generative AI system then guides a parametric model to produce 3D facade designs. Automated checks provide feedback to a Reinforcement Learning system, to iteratively determine optimal solutions.These solutions are verified and finalized by human expertise, ensuring improved outcomes with reduce planning time and effort.The approach illustrates how combining advanced AI methods with human expertise can address the multifactorial challenges of facade design within current industry practices.}, language = {en} } @article{MaerklRueckertRauberetal., author = {Maerkl, Raphaela and Rueckert, Tobias and Rauber, David and Gutbrod, Max and Weber Nunes, Danilo and Palm, Christoph}, title = {Enhancing generalization in zero-shot multi-label endoscopic instrument classification}, series = {International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery}, volume = {20}, journal = {International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1007/s11548-025-03439-5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-85674}, pages = {1577 -- 1587}, abstract = {Purpose Recognizing previously unseen classes with neural networks is a significant challenge due to their limited generalization capabilities. This issue is particularly critical in safety-critical domains such as medical applications, where accurate classification is essential for reliability and patient safety. Zero-shot learning methods address this challenge by utilizing additional semantic data, with their performance relying heavily on the quality of the generated embeddings. Methods This work investigates the use of full descriptive sentences, generated by a Sentence-BERT model, as class representations, compared to simpler category-based word embeddings derived from a BERT model. Additionally, the impact of z-score normalization as a post-processing step on these embeddings is explored. The proposed approach is evaluated on a multi-label generalized zero-shot learning task, focusing on the recognition of surgical instruments in endoscopic images from minimally invasive cholecystectomies. Results The results demonstrate that combining sentence embeddings and z-score normalization significantly improves model performance. For unseen classes, the AUROC improves from 43.9\% to 64.9\%, and the multi-label accuracy from 26.1\% to 79.5\%. Overall performance measured across both seen and unseen classes improves from 49.3\% to 64.9\% in AUROC and from 37.3\% to 65.1\% in multi-label accuracy, highlighting the effectiveness of our approach. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that sentence embeddings and z-score normalization can substantially enhance the generalization performance of zero-shot learning models. However, as the study is based on a single dataset, future work should validate the method across diverse datasets and application domains to establish its robustness and broader applicability.}, language = {en} }