@article{BrosigStrahringerWestner, author = {Brosig, Christoph and Strahringer, Susanne and Westner, Markus}, title = {From selling machinery to hybrid offerings}, series = {International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management}, volume = {10}, journal = {International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management}, number = {3}, publisher = {SciKA}, issn = {2182-7788}, doi = {10.12821/ijispm100301}, pages = {5 -- 27}, abstract = {The transition towards services has been imperative for manufacturing firms for years. The change from a productoriented to a more service-dominant business model affects the organizational structure of firms. However, literature provides limited insights into how manufacturing firms organize themselves in this transition. Even though digital technologies are critical for the transition, it is unclear how to orchestrate digital and traditional Information Technology (IT) resources in manufacturing firms accordingly. We analyze the case of a typical manufacturing firm that has adjusted its structure to reorganize for solution offerings based on product, service, and digital components. Our results describe a hybrid organizational structure that splits front- and back-end units. The back-end units are split along solution components. Digital IT resources are internalized and governed decentrally, with traditional IT resources being outsourced and steered centrally. Our findings contribute to digital servitization research by clarifying the overarching as well as the digital and traditional IT-related organization for manufacturing firms.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchindlerSkornia, author = {Schindler, Timo and Skornia, Christoph}, title = {Secure Parallel Processing of Big Data Using Order-Preserving Encryption on Google BigQuery}, series = {INFORMATIK 2016, Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik e.V., 2016 Proceedings}, volume = {259}, booktitle = {INFORMATIK 2016, Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik e.V., 2016 Proceedings}, publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Bonn}, isbn = {978-3-88579-653-4}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.1608.07981}, pages = {343 -- 352}, abstract = {With the increase of centralization of resources in IT-infrastructure and the growing amount of cloud services, database management systems (DBMS) will be more and more outsourced to Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) providers. The outsourcing of entire databases, or the computation power for processing Big Data to an external provider also means that the provider has full access to the information contained in the database. In this article we propose a feasible solution with Order-Preserving Encryption (OPE) and further, state of the art, encryption methods to sort and process Big Data on external resources without exposing the unencrypted data to the IaaS provider. We also introduce a proof-of-concept client for Google BigQuery as example IaaS Provider.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{JohannssenBiemannRemusetal., author = {Johannßen, Dirk and Biemann, Chris and Remus, Steffen and Baumann, Timo and Scheffer, David}, title = {GermEval 2020 Task 1 on the Classification and Regression of Cognitive and Motivational style from Text}, series = {Proceedings of the 5th SwissText \& 16th KONVENS Joint Conference 2020}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th SwissText \& 16th KONVENS Joint Conference 2020}, address = {Zurich, Switzerland}, pages = {1 -- 10}, abstract = {This paper describes the tasks, databases, baseline systems, and summarizes submissions and results for the GermEval 2020 Shared Task 1 on the Classification and Regression of Cognitive and Motivational Style from Text. This shared task is divided into two subtasks, a regression task, and a classification task. Subtask 1 asks participants to reproduce a ranking of students based on average aptitude indicators such as different high school grades and different IQ scores. The second subtask aims to classify so-called implicit motives, which are projective testing procedures that can reveal unconscious desires. Besides five implicit motives, the target labels of Subtask 2 also contain one of six levels that describe the type of self-regulation when acting out a motive, which makes this task a multiclass-classification with 30 target labels. 3 participants submitted multiple systems. Subtask 1 was solved (best r = .3701) mainly with non-neural systems and statistical language representations, submissions for Subtask 2 utilized neural approaches and word embeddings (best macro F1 = 70.40). Not only were the tasks solvable, analyses by the participants even showed connections to the implicit psychometrics theory and behavioral observations made by psychologists. This paper describes the tasks, databases, baseline systems, and summarizes submissions and results for the GermEval 2020 Shared Task 1 on the Classification and Regression of Cognitive and Motivational Style from Text. This shared task is divided into two subtasks, a regression task, and a classification task. Subtask 1 asks participants to reproduce a ranking of students based on average aptitude indicators such as different high school grades and different IQ scores. The second subtask aims to classify so-called implicit motives, which are projective testing procedures that can reveal unconscious desires. Besides five implicit motives, the target labels of Subtask 2 also contain one of six levels that describe the type of self-regulation when acting out a motive, which makes this task a multiclass-classification with 30 target labels. 3 participants submitted multiple systems. Subtask 1 was solved (best r =.3701) mainly with non-neural systems and statistical language representations, submissions for Subtask 2 utilized neural approaches and word embeddings (best macro F1 = 70.40). Not only were the tasks solvable, analyses by the participants even showed connections to the implicit psychometrics theory and behavioral observations made by psychologists.}, language = {en} } @article{GegenfurtnerBoucheixGruberetal., author = {Gegenfurtner, Andreas and Boucheix, Jean-Michel and Gruber, Hans and Hauser, Florian and Lehtinen, Erno and Lowe, Richard K.}, title = {The gaze relational index as a measure of visual expertise}, series = {Journal of Expertise}, volume = {3}, journal = {Journal of Expertise}, number = {March}, publisher = {Michigan State University}, issn = {2573-2773}, pages = {32 -- 40}, abstract = {Eye tracking is a powerful technique that helps reveal how people process visual information. This paper discusses a novel metric for indicating expertise in visual information processing. Named the Gaze Relational Index (GRI), this metric is defined as the ratio of mean fixation duration to fixation count. Data from two eye-tracking studies of professional vision and visual expertise in using 3D dynamic medical visualizations are presented as cases to illustrate the suitability and additional benefits of the GRI. Calculated values of the GRI were higher for novices than for experts, and higher in non-representative, semi-familiar / unfamiliar task conditions than in domain-representative familiar tasks. These differences in GRI suggest that, compared to novices, experts engaged in more knowledge-driven, top-down processing that was characterized by quick, exploratory visual search. We discuss future research aiming to replicate the GRI in professional domains with complex visual stimuli and to identify the moderating role of cognitive ability on GRI estimates.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HusseinMeyerSickendiekBaumann, author = {Hussein, Hussein and Meyer-Sickendiek, Burkhard and Baumann, Timo}, title = {Free Verse and Beyond: How to Classify Post-modern Spoken Poetry}, series = {Proceedings of Speech Prosody: Tokyo, Japan, 25-28 May 2020}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Speech Prosody: Tokyo, Japan, 25-28 May 2020}, publisher = {ISCA}, doi = {10.21437/SpeechProsody.2020-141}, pages = {690 -- 694}, abstract = {This paper presents the classification of rhythmical patterns detected in post-modern spoken poetry by means of machine learning algorithms that use manually engineered features or automatically learnt representations. We used the world's largest corpus of spoken poetry from our partner lyrikline. We identified nine rhythmical patterns within a spectrum raging from a more fluent to a more disfluent poetic style. The text data analyzed by a statistical parser. Prosodic features of rhythmical patterns are identified by using the parser information. For the classification of rhythmical patterns, we used a neural networks-based approach which use text, audio, and pause information between poetic lines as features. Different combinations of features as well as the integration of feature engineering in the neural networks-based approach are tested. We compared the performance of both approaches (feature-based and neural network-based) using combinations of different features. The results show - by using the weighted average of f-measure for the evaluation - that the neural networks-based approach performed much better in classification of rhythmical patterns. The important improvement of the classification results lies in the use of the audio information. The integration of feature engineering in the neural networks-based approach yielded a very small result improvement.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BaumannMeyerSickendiek, author = {Baumann, Timo and Meyer-Sickendiek, Burkhard}, title = {Deep Learning meets Post-modern Poetry}, series = {TwinTalks 2020: Understanding and Facilitating Collaboration in Digital Humanities 2020, proceedings of the Twin Talks 2 and 3 workshops at DHN 2020 and DH 2020, Ottawa Canada and Riga Latvia, July 23 and October 20, 2020}, booktitle = {TwinTalks 2020: Understanding and Facilitating Collaboration in Digital Humanities 2020, proceedings of the Twin Talks 2 and 3 workshops at DHN 2020 and DH 2020, Ottawa Canada and Riga Latvia, July 23 and October 20, 2020}, editor = {Krauwer, Steven and Fišer, Darja}, publisher = {RWTH Aachen}, issn = {1613-0073}, pages = {30 -- 36}, abstract = {We summarize our project Rhythmicalizer in which we analyze a corpus of post-modern poetry in a combination of qualitative hermeneutical and computational methods, as we have run the project over the course of the past three years (and preparing it for some time before that). Interdisciplinary work is always challenging and we here focus on some of the highlights of our collaboration.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Baumann, author = {Baumann, Timo}, title = {How a Listener Influences the Speaker}, series = {Proceedings of Speech Prosody: Tokyo, Japan, 25-28 May 2020}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Speech Prosody: Tokyo, Japan, 25-28 May 2020}, publisher = {ISCA}, doi = {10.21437/SpeechProsody.2020-198}, pages = {970 -- 974}, abstract = {Listeners typically provide feedback while listening to a speaker in conversation and thereby engage in the co-construction of the interaction. We analyze the influence of the listener on the speaker by investigating how her verbal feedback signals help in modeling the speaker's language. We find that feedback from the listener may help in modeling the speaker's language, whether through the listener's feedback as transcribed, or the acoustic signal directly. We find the largest positive effects for end of sentence as well as for pauses mid-utterance, but also effects that indicate we successfully model elaborations of ongoing utterances that may result from the presence or absence of listener feedback.}, language = {en} } @article{BaumannKoehnHennig, author = {Baumann, Timo and K{\"o}hn, Arne and Hennig, Felix}, title = {The Spoken Wikipedia Corpus collection: Harvesting, alignment and an application to hyperlistening}, series = {Language Resources and Evaluation}, volume = {53}, journal = {Language Resources and Evaluation}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1007/s10579-017-9410-y}, pages = {303 -- 329}, abstract = {Spoken corpora are important for speech research, but are expensive to create and do not necessarily reflect (read or spontaneous) speech 'in the wild'. We report on our conversion of the preexisting and freely available Spoken Wikipedia into a speech resource. The Spoken Wikipedia project unites volunteer readers of Wikipedia articles. There are initiatives to create and sustain Spoken Wikipedia versions in many languages and hence the available data grows over time. Thousands of spoken articles are available to users who prefer a spoken over the written version. We turn these semi-structured collections into structured and time-aligned corpora, keeping the exact correspondence with the original hypertext as well as all available metadata. Thus, we make the Spoken Wikipedia accessible for sustainable research. We present our open-source software pipeline that downloads, extracts, normalizes and text-speech aligns the Spoken Wikipedia. Additional language versions can be exploited by adapting configuration files or extending the software if necessary for language peculiarities. We also present and analyze the resulting corpora for German, English, and Dutch, which presently total 1005 h and grow at an estimated 87 h per year. The corpora, together with our software, are available via http://islrn.org/resources/684-927-624-257-3/. As a prototype usage of the time-aligned corpus, we describe an experiment about the preferred modalities for interacting with information-rich read-out hypertext. We find alignments to help improve user experience and factual information access by enabling targeted interaction.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SabooBaumann, author = {Saboo, Ashutosh and Baumann, Timo}, title = {Integration of Dubbing Constraints into Machine Translation}, series = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Machine Translation, Volume 1: Research Papers}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Machine Translation, Volume 1: Research Papers}, editor = {Bojar, Ondřej and Chatterjee, Rajen and Federmann, Christian and Fishel, Mark and Graham, Yvette and Haddow, Barry and Huck, Matthias and Yepes, Antonio Jimeno and Koehn, Philipp and Martins, Andr{\´e} and Monz, Christof and Negri, Matteo and N{\´e}v{\´e}ol, Aur{\´e}lie and Neves, Mariana and Post, Matt and Turchi, Marco and Verspoor, Karin}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, address = {Stroudsburg, PA, USA}, doi = {10.18653/v1/W19-5210}, pages = {94 -- 101}, abstract = {Translation systems aim to perform a meaning-preserving conversion of linguistic material (typically text but also speech) from a source to a target language (and, to a lesser degree, the corresponding socio-cultural contexts). Dubbing, i.e., the lip-synchronous translation and revoicing of speech adds to this constraints about the close matching of phonetic and resulting visemic synchrony characteristics of source and target material. There is an inherent conflict between a translation's meaning preservation and 'dubbability' and the resulting trade-off can be controlled by weighing the synchrony constraints. We introduce our work, which to the best of our knowledge is the first of its kind, on integrating synchrony constraints into the machine translation paradigm. We present first results for the integration of synchrony constraints into encoder decoder-based neural machine translation and show that considerably more 'dubbable' translations can be achieved with only a small impact on BLEU score, and dubbability improves more steeply than BLEU degrades.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BrunthalerWaasKucera, author = {Brunthaler, Sebastian and Waas, Thomas and Kucera, Markus}, title = {On Verify and Validate a Next Generation Automotive Communication Network}, series = {Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Pervasive and Embedded Computing and Communication Systems - PECCS, 121-127, 2019, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Pervasive and Embedded Computing and Communication Systems - PECCS, 121-127, 2019, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications}, isbn = {978-989-758-385-8}, doi = {10.5220/0008191601210127}, pages = {121 -- 127}, abstract = {As a result of the enormous growth in data traffic for autonomous driving, the conventional in-vehicle network is no longer sufficient and requires new types of network concepts in a vehicle. This part of the automobile is known as the next generation communication network. Since the new car-systems can be extended by various services at any time, the network must adapt dynamically to new requirements wherever possible. For example, data flow must be configured dynamically between new services. Also data rates will be much higher in the future than today. This is one of the main reasons why we need to search for new technologies for data transfer in vehicles. This is based on an in-vehicle ethernet network. The process of configuring networks automatically has been discussed several times in recent years. One of the next steps is verifying and validating the automatic configuration process during the development of the new communication network. This research paper identifies several ways to ensure the automatically generated network configuration leads to a secure system. To achieve that, other parts of the company's enterprise IT architecture and network technologies, the conventional vehicle network and other options for verification and validation are analysed}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HusseinMeyerSickendiekBaumann, author = {Hussein, Hussein and Meyer-Sickendiek, Burkhard and Baumann, Timo}, title = {Identification of Concrete Poetry within a Modern-Poetry Corpus using Neural Networks}, series = {Proceedings of the Quantitative Approaches to Versification Conference}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Quantitative Approaches to Versification Conference}, address = {Prague, Czech Republic}, pages = {95 -- 104}, abstract = {This work aims to discern the poetics of concrete poetry by using a corpus-based classification focusing on the two most important techniques used within concrete poetry: semantic decomposition and syntactic permutation. We demonstrate how to identify concrete poetry in modern and postmodern free verse. A class contrasting to concrete poetry is defined on the basis of poems with complete and correct sentences. We used the data from lyrikline, which contain both the written as well as the spoken form of poems as read by the original author. We explored two approaches for the identification of concrete poetry. The first is based on the definition of concrete poetry in literary theory by the extraction of various types of features derived from a parser, such as verb, noun, comma, sentence ending, conjunction, and asemantic material. The second is a neural network-based approach, which is theoretically less informed by human insight, as it does not have access to features established by scholars. This approach used the following inputs: textual information and the spoken recitation of poetic lines as well as information about pauses between lines. The results based on the neural network are more accurate than the feature-based approach. The best results, calculated by the weighted F-measure, for the classification of concrete poetry vis-{\`a}-vis the contrasting class is 0.96}, language = {en} }