@article{DotterHaugWeberetal., author = {Dotter, Caroline and Haug, Sonja and Weber, Karsten and Schnell, Rainer and Scharf, Anna and Altenburcher, Amelie}, title = {Analyzing factors determining vaccination willingness against COVID-19 in Germany 2020}, series = {Vaccine: X}, volume = {14}, journal = {Vaccine: X}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100342}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-62900}, pages = {6}, abstract = {The study is based on a German single-topic population survey on vaccination willingness against COVID-19 (VWC) by the authors (2020, n = 2014). The single-topic survey allowed us to test several competing explanations for VWC, as discussed in the literature. The VWC in the sample was 67.3\%. Logistic regression was used to identify factors affecting VWC. Being at high risk from COVID-19 and having received flu vaccination have a positive impact on VWC. Perceived VWC of friends has a strong positive effect on respondents' VWC. Bivariate relationships of gender, age, and level of education with VWC were no longer significant in a multivariate analysis. Trust in alternative medicine and belief in conspiracy theories have a negative effect on VWC.}, language = {en} } @article{MilewskiHaug, author = {Milewski, Nadja and Haug, Sonja}, title = {At risk of reproductive disadvantage? Exploring fertility awareness among migrant women in Germany}, series = {Reproductive Biomedicine \& Society Online}, volume = {14}, journal = {Reproductive Biomedicine \& Society Online}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.rbms.2021.11.007}, pages = {226 -- 238}, abstract = {This study examined awareness about fertility among immigrant women and non-migrants in Germany. The social relevance of infertility and fertility treatment is increasing in Western countries due to continually low overall birth rates, a high rate of childlessness, and a gap between the desired and actual numbers of children. While there is growing interest in infertility and reproductive medicine in general, previous studies have rarely included immigrant or ethnic minorities in Europe. This study investigated whether knowledge on the age-related fertility decline (ARFD) varies between migrant groups and the majority group, and the role of education. Working hypotheses were drawn from theoretical considerations on frameworks of migrant assimilation. The analysis was based on data collected in a social science pilot study on reproductive medicine, representative of the general population ('NeWiRe' 2014-2015). The sample included 962 women aged 18-50 years living in Germany. Approximately 81\% of the sample were immigrants who originated from Turkey, Poland, the Balkan countries or countries of the (post-Soviet) Commonwealth of Independent States. While rather poor overall, knowledge on ARFD was found to be significantly lower in the migrant groups compared with the majority group. This minority-group disadvantage cannot be explained by sociodemographic or cultural variables. Future research should include minority groups in empirical studies on awareness about fertility in order to better understand the causes of this disadvantage, and the potential reproductive needs of migrants.}, language = {en} } @article{HaugSchnellRaptisetal., author = {Haug, Sonja and Schnell, Rainer and Raptis, Georgios and Dotter, Caroline and Weber, Karsten}, title = {Wissen und Einstellung zur Speicherung und Nutzung von Gesundheitsdaten: Ergebnisse einer Bev{\"o}lkerungsbefragung}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Evidenz, Fortbildung und Qualit{\"a}t im Gesundheitswesen}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Evidenz, Fortbildung und Qualit{\"a}t im Gesundheitswesen}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {1865-9217}, doi = {10.1016/j.zefq.2023.11.001}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-67461}, pages = {50 -- 58}, abstract = {Hintergrund/Zielsetzung Der Beitrag befasst sich mit dem Wissenstand und der Einstellung der Bev{\"o}lkerung. Betrachtet werden die {\"U}bermittlung und Verf{\"u}gbarkeit von Gesundheitsdaten, Gesundheitsregister, die elektronische Patientenakte, Einwilligungsverfahren f{\"u}r die {\"U}bermittlung von Daten und der Zugriff auf Gesundheitsdaten zu Forschungszwecken. Methoden Die Studie basiert auf einer computergest{\"u}tzten Telefonbefragung (Dual-Frame) bei einer Zufallsstichprobe der Bev{\"o}lkerung in Deutschland im Zeitraum 01.-27.06.2022 (n = 1.308). Ergebnisse Der Wissensstand zur {\"U}bermittlung von Gesundheitsdaten an Krankenkassen ist hoch, wohingegen das Vorhandensein zentraler Sterbe-, Impf- und Gesundheitsregister sowie der Zugriff auf Gesundheitsdaten durch behandelnde {\"A}rztinnen und {\"A}rzte {\"u}bersch{\"a}tzt werden. Die Akzeptanz medizinischer Register ist sehr hoch. Die elektronische Patientenakte ist bei der H{\"a}lfte der Bev{\"o}lkerung unbekannt, die Nutzungsbereitschaft ist eher gering ausgepr{\"a}gt; bei der {\"U}bertragung von Daten wird eine Zustimmungsoption bevorzugt, und {\"u}ber achtzig Prozent w{\"u}rden die Daten der elektronischen Patientenakte zur Forschung freigeben. Drei Viertel w{\"u}rden ihre Gesundheitsdaten allgemein zur Forschung freigeben, insbesondere an Universit{\"a}ten in Deutschland, wobei meist Anonymit{\"a}t Bedingung ist. Die Bereitschaft zur Datenfreigabe steigt mit der H{\"o}he des Vertrauens in die Presse sowie in Universit{\"a}ten und Hochschulen, und sie sinkt, wenn ein Datenleck als schwerwiegend erachtet wird. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung In Deutschland besteht, wie in anderen europ{\"a}ischen L{\"a}ndern, eine große Bereitschaft zur Freigabe von Gesundheitsdaten zu Forschungszwecken. Dagegen ist der Wunsch zur Nutzung der elektronischen Patientenakte eher gering. Ebenso niedrig ist die Akzeptanz einer Widerspruchsoption, die jedoch als Voraussetzung f{\"u}r eine erfolgreiche Einf{\"u}hrung einer elektronischen Patientenakte gilt. Vertrauen in die Forschung und staatliche Stellen, die Gesundheitsdaten verarbeiten, sind zentrale Faktoren.}, language = {en} } @incollection{AltenbuchnerWeber, author = {Altenbuchner, Amelie and Weber, Karsten}, title = {Geriatric trauma patients as research subjects in a technology-driven research project}, series = {Aging between Participation and Simulation}, booktitle = {Aging between Participation and Simulation}, editor = {Haltaufderheide, Joschka and Hovemann, Johanna and Vollmann, Jochen}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Berlin u.a.}, isbn = {9783110677485}, doi = {10.1515/9783110677485-006}, pages = {87 -- 104}, abstract = {This article highlights methodological and ethical challenges in research with adults of older and oldest age, by presenting field experiences of the current research project "Motion Monitoring of Geriatric Trauma Patients - Explorative Study on the Rehabilitation Process after Hip Fracture Using Sensor-based Data". Depiction of the survey situation, with regard to the subjects in particular, can serve as practical examples for designing future research projects. The group of older adults is a rather large and growing group for which research is required, especially concerning their heterogeneity, their individual autonomy and quality of life. It is assumed, that research designs of studies on the target group must be specifically adjusted, in particular when considering the attribution of vulnerability of the group members. At the same time, it is not clear yet what exact specifics of the subjects and target group must be considered in research designs, as surprisingly little is known about the target group as subjects and corresponding theories have been insufficiently tested. The exploratory long-term design of the research project presented in the second section of this chapter has a positive evaluation of an ethics committee. Still ethical challenges occurred in the field situation, that are illustrated in the third section of this chapter, by providing information on the patients, their role as research subjects, how they were recruited, how an informed consensus was reached, and in some cases how participation was rejected or abandoned. After a summary, the end of the paper is marked by recommendations on how to design future research projects. Cumulatively it must always be expected that interaction between researchers and research subjects of this target group can become very intensive, what requires to follow clearly defined procedures and at the same time to be prepared to act flexibly.}, language = {en} } @article{WeberPallasUlbricht, author = {Weber, Karsten and Pallas, Frank and Ulbricht, Max-R.}, title = {Challenges of Citizen Science: Commons, Incentives, Organizations, and Regulations}, series = {American Journal of Bioethics}, volume = {19}, journal = {American Journal of Bioethics}, number = {8}, doi = {10.1080/15265161.2019.1619862}, pages = {52 -- 54}, language = {en} } @article{WeberLoiChristenetal., author = {Weber, Karsten and Loi, Michele and Christen, Markus and Kleine, Nadine}, title = {Digital Medicine, Cybersecurity, and Ethics}, series = {American Journal of Bioethics}, volume = {18}, journal = {American Journal of Bioethics}, number = {9}, publisher = {Taylor\&Francis}, doi = {10.1080/15265161.2018.1498935}, pages = {52 -- 53}, language = {en} } @article{SchneiderWeber, author = {Schneider, Diana and Weber, Karsten}, title = {AI for decision support: What are possible futures, social impacts, regulatory options, ethical conundrums and agency constellations?}, series = {TATuP - Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Technikfolgenabsch{\"a}tzung in Theorie und Praxis}, volume = {33}, journal = {TATuP - Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Technikfolgenabsch{\"a}tzung in Theorie und Praxis}, number = {1}, publisher = {oekom verlag}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {2567-8833}, doi = {10.14512/tatup.33.1.08}, pages = {8 -- 13}, abstract = {Although artificial intelligence (AI) and automated decision-making systems have been around for some time, they have only recently gained in importance as they are now actually being used and are no longer just the subject of research. AI to support decision-making is thus affecting ever larger parts of society, creating technical, but above all ethical, legal, and societal challenges, as decisions can now be made by machines that were previously the responsibility of humans. This introduction provides an overview of attempts to regulate AI and addresses key challenges that arise when integrating AI systems into human decision-making. The Special topic brings together research articles that present societal challenges, ethical issues, stakeholders, and possible futures of AI use for decision support in healthcare, the legal system, and border control.}, language = {en} } @article{SchneiderWeber, author = {Schneider, Diana and Weber, Karsten}, title = {AI‑based decision support systems and society: An opening statement}, series = {TATuP - Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Technikfolgenabsch{\"a}tzung in Theorie und Praxis}, volume = {33}, journal = {TATuP - Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Technikfolgenabsch{\"a}tzung in Theorie und Praxis}, number = {1}, publisher = {Oekom}, doi = {10.14512/tatup.33.1.9}, pages = {9 -- 13}, abstract = {Although artificial intelligence (AI) and automated decision-making systems have been around for some time, they have only recently gained in importance as they are now actually being used and are no longer just the subject of research. AI to support decision-making is thus affecting ever larger parts of society, creating technical, but above all ethical, legal, and societal challenges, as decisions can now be made by machines that were previously the responsibility of humans. This introduction provides an overview of attempts to regulate AI and addresses key challenges that arise when integrating AI systems into human decision-making. The Special topic brings together research articles that present societal challenges, ethical issues, stakeholders, and possible futures of AI use for decision support in healthcare, the legal system, and border control.}, language = {en} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Promoting Individual Well-Being, Increasing Social Welfare, and Securing Genetic Diversity Simultaneously}, series = {American Journal of Bioethics}, volume = {15}, journal = {American Journal of Bioethics}, number = {6}, doi = {10.1080/15265161.2015.1028660}, pages = {36 -- 37}, language = {en} } @article{Weber, author = {Weber, Karsten}, title = {Is there really a concept called "inherent ethical concern"?}, series = {American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience}, volume = {5}, journal = {American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1080/21507740.2013.868377}, pages = {39 -- 40}, language = {en} }