@incollection{BauerGawlikSterneretal., author = {Bauer, Franz and Gawlik, Julia and Sterner, Michael and Hamacher, Thomas}, title = {{\"U}bergreifende Energiesystemmodellierung}, series = {Optionen f{\"u}r ein nachhaltiges Energiesystem mit Power-to-X-Technologien: Transformation - Anwendungen - Potentiale. 3. Roadmap des Kopernikus-Projektes P2X, Phase II}, booktitle = {Optionen f{\"u}r ein nachhaltiges Energiesystem mit Power-to-X-Technologien: Transformation - Anwendungen - Potentiale. 3. Roadmap des Kopernikus-Projektes P2X, Phase II}, editor = {Ausfelder, Florian and Dura, Hanna Ewy}, publisher = {DECHEMA Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Chemische Technik und Biotechnologie e.V.}, address = {Frankfurt a.M.}, isbn = {978-3-89746-236-6}, pages = {19 -- 33}, language = {de} } @article{DahmenBogenbergerWeikl, author = {Dahmen, Victoria and Bogenberger, Klaus and Weikl, Simone}, title = {Modellierung des Verkehrsmittelwahlverhaltens mittels erkl{\"a}rbarem Maschinellem Lernen}, series = {Straßenverkehrstechnik}, volume = {69}, journal = {Straßenverkehrstechnik}, number = {2}, publisher = {Kirschbaum}, issn = {0039-2219}, doi = {10.53184/SVT2-2025-3}, pages = {96 -- 102}, abstract = {Die Modellierung der Verkehrsmittelwahl ist f{\"u}r die Vorhersage und das Verst{\"a}ndnis des Mobilit{\"a}tsverhaltens unerl{\"a}sslich. Hierbei wurden in den letzten Jahren mit maschinellem Lernen vielversprechende Ergebnisse erzielt, insbesondere f{\"u}r XGBoost- und Random-Forest-Modelle. Aufgrund der zunehmenden Verwendung von Tracking-basierten Smartphone-Apps zur Aufzeichnung des Mobilit{\"a}tsverhaltens, wenden wir diese Modelle auf einen solchen Datensatz an. Zudem analysieren wir eingehend deren Interpretierbarkeit. Wir kommen zu dem Schluss, dass das XGBoost-Modell am leistungsst{\"a}rksten und dennoch erkl{\"a}rbar ist. Die von solchen Modellen gewonnenen Erkenntnisse k{\"o}nnen beispielsweise genutzt werden, um die Verkehrsmittelwahl f{\"u}r beliebige Quelle-Ziel-Paare vorherzusagen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{ReichelGerstnerSchilleretal., author = {Reichel, Tobias and Gerstner, Mathias and Schiller, Leo and Attenberger, Andreas and Hackenberg, Rudolf and Dološ, Klara}, title = {A forensic analysis of GNSS spoofing attacks on autonomous vehicles}, series = {Cloud Computing 2025 : The Sixteenth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, 06.-10. April 2025, Valencia}, booktitle = {Cloud Computing 2025 : The Sixteenth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, 06.-10. April 2025, Valencia}, organization = {IARIA}, isbn = {978-1-68558-258-6}, issn = {2308-4294}, pages = {32 -- 39}, abstract = {Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) are essential for modern technology, enabling precise geographic positioning in aviation, maritime shipping, and automotive systems. In the future, their role will be even more critical for autonomous vehicles, which rely on accurate localization for navigation and decision-making. However, the increasing connectivity of autonomous vehicles exposes them to cyber threats, including GNSS spoofing attacks, which manipulate location data to mislead onboard systems. As reliance on GNSS grows, so does the risk posed by spoofing attacks, making it a critical security concern. This paper describes GNSS spoofing attacks on autonomous vehicles, focusing on their detection both during and after an attack. Furthermore, we analyze data storage strategies to facilitate effective forensic analysis. We highlight the importance of position, signal, and camera data, which should be preserved to ensure a comprehensive forensic investigation. Finally, we suggest a simulation setup that enables studying which data could be used for a forensic investigation. Additionally, we examine established data frameworks and decide whether they are suitable for detecting GNSS spoofing attacks.}, language = {en} } @article{LindnerPipaKarpenetal., author = {Lindner, Matthias and Pipa, Andrei V. and Karpen, Norbert and Hink, R{\"u}diger and Berndt, Dominik and Foest, R{\"u}diger and Bonaccurso, Elmar and Weichwald, Robert and Friedberger, Alois and Caspari, Ralf and Brandenburg, Ronny and Schreiner, Rupert}, title = {Icing Mitigation by MEMS-Fabricated Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge}, series = {Applied Sciences}, volume = {11}, journal = {Applied Sciences}, number = {23}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/app112311106}, pages = {1 -- 17}, abstract = {Avoiding ice accumulation on aerodynamic components is of enormous importance to flight safety. Novel approaches utilizing surface dielectric barrier discharges (SDBDs) are expected to be more efficient and effective than conventional solutions for preventing ice accretion on aerodynamic components. In this work, the realization of SDBDs based on thin-film substrates by means of micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) technology is presented. The anti-icing performance of the MEMS SDBDs is presented and compared to SDBDs manufactured by printed circuit board (PCB) technology. It was observed that the 35 mu m thick electrodes of the PCB SDBDs favor surface icing with an initial accumulation of supercooled water droplets at the electrode impact edges. This effect was not observed for 0.3 mu m thick MEMS-fabricated electrodes indicating a clear advantage for MEMS-technology SDBDs for anti-icing applications. Titanium was identified as the most suitable material for MEMS electrodes. In addition, an optimization of the MEMS-SDBDs with respect to the dielectric materials as well as SDBD design is discussed.}, language = {en} } @techreport{SternerBauerHofrichteretal., author = {Sterner, Michael and Bauer, Franz and Hofrichter, Andreas and Heberl, Michael}, title = {Systemanalyse und -integration Power-to-X im Kontext von erneuerbarer Elektrizit{\"a}t als Prim{\"a}renergie (SPIKE)}, pages = {87}, abstract = {Durch das in Paris beschlossene Ziel, die globale mittlere Temperatur auf deutlich unter 2 Grad Celsius gegen{\"u}ber dem vorindustriellen Niveau zu begrenzen, ist ein Ausstieg aus der Nutzung fossiler Energietr{\"a}ger und Rohstoffe bis zum Jahr 2050 notwendig (WBGU 2016). Daher hat sich die Bundesregierung das Ziel gesetzt, bis zur Mitte des Jahrhunderts eine weitgehende Treibhausgasneutralit{\"a}t zu erreichen. Hierzu ist neben einer Steigerung der Energieeffizienz in allen Sektoren ein Ausbau erneuerbaren Energien notwendig. Dies beinhaltet haupts{\"a}chlich den Zubau von Wind- und Solarstromanlagen. Somit gewinnt die Sektorkopplung immer mehr an Bedeutung und wird in Zukunft eine tragende Rolle f{\"u}r die Defossilisierung des Energiesystems spielen (BMUB 2016). Als zentrales Element der Sektorkopplung gilt Strom, der {\"u}ber Power-to-X (PtX) sowohl energetisch im W{\"a}rme-, und Verkehrssektor als auch stofflich in der Industrie und vor allem im Chemiesektor eingesetzt werden kann (Ausfelder et al. 2018a). Im Rahmen des P2X-Vorhabens der Kopernikus Forschungsinitiative wird die Sektorkopplung durch die Umwandlung von Strom mittels elektrochemischer Prozesse in stoffliche Ressourcen wie Wasserstoff, Synthesegas oder Kohlenstoffmonoxid untersucht. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Betrachtung der Kopplung von Strom und Verkehr sowie Strom und Chemie und der Untersuchung von Prozessen und Pfaden, die aus {\"o}kologischer, {\"o}konomischer und gesellschaftlicher Sicht vorteilhaft sind. Eine vergleichende Einordnung in den Gesamtkontext der Energiewende mit Abw{\"a}gung zahlreicher Alternativen und Konkurrenztechnologien ist dort allerdings nicht vorgesehen. Zudem werden einige relevante PtX-Technologien wie Power-to-Heat nicht betrachtet. Aus diesem Grund wurden in SPIKE erg{\"a}nzende PtX-Technologiepfade aus systemanalytischer Sicht untersucht. Dies sind Power-to-Heat (PtH) und Power-to-Gas (PtG) {\"u}ber Elektrolyse und optionaler anschließender Methanisierung sowie die Herstellung ausgew{\"a}hlter Pfade der strombasierten Herstellung von Produkten der energieintensiven Industrie. Ziel des Forschungsvorhabens war die Analyse von PtX-Technologien und Pfaden, deren vergleichende Einordnung im Gesamtkontext der Energiewende sowie die Unterst{\"u}tzung des P2X Roadmapping Prozesses und die Ableitung von Handlungsempfehlungen. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt lag auf dem Einsatz von PtX im Industriesektor. F{\"u}r das Vorhaben wurden Arbeitspakete (AP) erstellt, die Untersuchungen zu Technologie, Potenzial, {\"O}konomie und {\"O}kologie von PtH (AP 1), PtG (AP 2), Power-to-Ammoniak, Power-to-Ethen und Power-to-Propen (AP 3) umfassten. Daraus wurde in AP 4 ein Systemvergleich mit Einordnung von PtX in die Energiewende durchgef{\"u}hrt. Auf dieser Basis und der Identifizierung regulatorischer Rahmenbedingungen f{\"u}r PtX (AP 5) wurde das deutsche Energiesystem samt PtX-Pfaden in einem Energiesystemmodell abgebildet (AP 6). Die Ergebnisse flossen in das Roadmapping ein (AP 7). Zudem erfolgte ein Austausch mit den Projektpartnern und das Verfassen wissenschaftlicher Abhandlungen (AP 8).}, language = {de} } @incollection{SternerBauerHofrichter, author = {Sterner, Michael and Bauer, Franz and Hofrichter, Andreas}, title = {Systemanalyse von Power-to-X-Pfaden - Ergebnisse des Satellitenprojektes "SPIKE"}, series = {Optionen f{\"u}r ein nachhaltiges Energiesystem mit Power-to-X Technologien : Nachhaltigkeitseffekte - Potenziale Entwicklungsm{\"o}glichkeiten; 2. Roadmap des Kopernikus-Projektes "Power-to-X": Flexible Nutzung erneuerbarer Ressourcen (P2X)}, booktitle = {Optionen f{\"u}r ein nachhaltiges Energiesystem mit Power-to-X Technologien : Nachhaltigkeitseffekte - Potenziale Entwicklungsm{\"o}glichkeiten; 2. Roadmap des Kopernikus-Projektes "Power-to-X": Flexible Nutzung erneuerbarer Ressourcen (P2X)}, editor = {Ausfelder, Florian and Dura, Hanna Ewy}, publisher = {DECHEMA Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Chemische Technik und Biotechnologie e.V}, address = {Frankfurt am Main}, isbn = {978-3-89746-218-2}, pages = {145 -- 153}, language = {de} } @article{GamischHuberGadereretal., author = {Gamisch, Bernd and Huber, Lea and Gaderer, Matthias and Dawoud, Belal}, title = {On the Kinetic Mechanisms of the Reduction and Oxidation Reactions of Iron Oxide/Iron Pellets for a Hydrogen Storage Process}, series = {Energies}, volume = {15}, journal = {Energies}, number = {21}, publisher = {MDPI}, doi = {10.3390/en15218322}, abstract = {This work aims at investigating the kinetic mechanisms of the reduction/oxidation (redox) reactions of iron oxide/iron pellets under different operating conditions. The reaction principle is the basis of a thermochemical hydrogen storage system. To simulate the charging phase, a single pellet consisting of iron oxide (90\% Fe2O3, 10\% stabilising cement) is reduced with different hydrogen (H2) concentrations at temperatures between 600 and 800 °C. The discharge phase is initiated by the oxidation of the previously reduced pellet by water vapour (H2O) at different concentrations in the same temperature range. In both reactions, nitrogen (N2) is used as a carrier gas. The redox reactions have been experimentally measured in a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) at a flow rate of 250 mL/min. An extensive literature review has been conducted on the existing reactions' kinetic mechanisms along with their applicability to describe the obtained results. It turned out that the measured kinetic results can be excellently described with the so-called shrinking core model. Using the geometrical contracting sphere reaction mechanism model, the concentration- and temperature-dependent reduction and oxidation rates can be reproduced with a maximum deviation of less than 5\%. In contrast to the reduction process, the temperature has a smaller effect on the oxidation reaction kinetics, which is attributed to 71\% less activation energy (Ea,Re=56.9 kJ/mol versus Ea,Ox=16.0 kJ/mol). The concentration of the reacting gas showed, however, an opposite trend: namely, to have an almost twofold impact on the oxidation reaction rate constant compared to the reduction rate constant.}, language = {en} } @article{HirschbergRillWeinfurter, author = {Hirschberg, Wolfgang and Rill, Georg and Weinfurter, H.}, title = {Tire model TMeasy}, series = {Vehicle System Dynamics}, volume = {45}, journal = {Vehicle System Dynamics}, number = {sup1}, publisher = {Taylor\&Francis}, doi = {10.1080/00423110701776284}, pages = {101 -- 119}, abstract = {This paper describes the semi-physical tire model TMeasy for vehicle dynamics and handling analyses, as it was applied in the 'low frequency tire models' section of the research programme tire model performance test (TMPT). Despite more or less weak testing input data, the effort for the application of TMeasy remains limited due to its consequent 'easy to use' orientation. One particular feature of TMeasy is the wide physical meaning of its smart parameter set, which allows to sustain the identification process even under uncertain conditions. After a general introduction, the modelling concept of TMeasy is compactly described in this paper. Taking the standard tire interface (STI) to multibody simulation system (MBS) software into account, the way to apply TMeasy is briefly shown. This includes three selected examples of application. The final comments of the authors on TMPT describe the experiences and earnings received during the participation in that programme.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BaeumlHaumerKapelleretal., author = {B{\"a}uml, T. and Haumer, Anton and Kapeller, Hansj{\"o}rg and Starzinger, J. and Farzi, P.}, title = {Impact of inverter pulse inhibition on the high-voltage supply system of an electric vehicle — A simulative approach}, series = {2011 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC 2011) : Powering sustainable transportation ; Chicago, Illinois, USA, 06. - 09.09.2011}, booktitle = {2011 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC 2011) : Powering sustainable transportation ; Chicago, Illinois, USA, 06. - 09.09.2011}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, isbn = {978-1-61284-248-6}, doi = {10.1109/VPPC.2011.6043159}, pages = {1 -- 5}, abstract = {This paper deals with a simulative approach for investigating the impact of inverter pulse inhibition during field weakening operation of permanent magnet synchronous machines and asynchronous induction machines. The modelling and simulation language Modelica is used to design models for the vehicle, the electric machine and the inverter in different abstraction levels. It is shown that when using a permanent magnet synchronous machine, a sudden breakdown of the field weakening current causes induction of high voltages in the stator windings. Hence, the electric system of the vehicle has to be protected against the resulting high currents. Furthermore precautions have to be taken to avoid dangerous driving conditions because of high braking torques in an inverter fault operation mode. In the case of the asynchronous induction machine an inverter pulse inhibition poses no big problem, neither for the electric system of the vehicle, nor the driver.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{JungreuthmayerBaumlWinteretal., author = {Jungreuthmayer, C. and Bauml, T. and Winter, O. and Ganchev, M. and Kapeller, Hansj{\"o}rg and Haumer, Anton and Kral, Christian}, title = {Heat and fluid flow analysis of an internal permanent magnet synchronous machine by means of computational fluid dynamics}, series = {2011 IEEE International Electric Machines \& Drives Conference (IEMDC 2011) ; Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, 15 - 18 May 2011}, booktitle = {2011 IEEE International Electric Machines \& Drives Conference (IEMDC 2011) ; Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, 15 - 18 May 2011}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, isbn = {978-1-4577-0060-6}, doi = {10.1109/IEMDC.2011.5994651}, pages = {515 -- 520}, abstract = {This paper presents a comprehensive computational fluid (CFD) model of a radial flux permanent magnet synchronous machine with interior magnets. In the CFD model the water jacket cooling and a simplified model of the topology of the distributed stator winding are considered. The heat sources of the CFD model are determined from a finite element analysis of the machine. The numerically determined temperature distributions of the machine are compared with measurement results from sensors located both in the stator and rotor. The particular focus of this paper is the analysis of the temperatures and the heat flow in the air gap and from the stator winding head and the rotor to the inner air.}, language = {en} }