@inproceedings{HofmannScharfenberg, author = {Hofmann, Gerhard and Scharfenberg, Georg}, title = {{\"U}berlegungen zur normativen Anpassung der ISO 26262 aufgrund des autonomen Fahrens}, series = {Automotive Software Kongress, 2015}, booktitle = {Automotive Software Kongress, 2015}, publisher = {WEKA Fachmedien}, address = {Haar}, pages = {1 -- 6}, abstract = {In der Automobilindustrie ist neben der Elektromobilit{\"a}t und dem Leichtbau auch das Gebiet der Fahrerassistenz ein Zukunftsfeld. Speziell Fahrerassistenzsysteme, wie z.B. der Stauassistent, sind in Hinblick auf das autonome Fahren als dessen Vorstufe zu sehen. Aktuelle Assistenzfunktionen basieren auf der Pr{\"a}senz des Fahrers. Die Fahrerassistenzsysteme sind nur durch Funktionen der Elektrik/Elektronik erm{\"o}glicht worden. Durch Maßnahmen der "Funktionalen Sicherheit" m{\"u}ssen Risiken, die durch Fehler der Elektrik/Elektronik zu Gefahren f{\"u}hren k{\"o}nnten, unter eine akzeptierte Grenze gesenkt werden. Die Diskussion {\"u}ber die gesetzlichen Grundlagen f{\"u}r das autonome Fahren ist erst am Anfang des {\"o}ffentlichen Interesses. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es sinnvoll, die Notwendigkeit der Anpassung der bestehenden normativen Anforderungen zur funktionalen Sicherheit in die Diskussion mit einzubeziehen. Im ersten Ansatz wird in diesem Paper untersucht, ob von anderen Anwendungen mit automatisiertem Fahrbetrieb, wie er bei Schienenfahrzeugen realisiert ist, Ableitungen m{\"o}glich sind. Im zweiten Ansatzpunkt wird konkret unter dem Gesichtspunkt des autonomen Fahrens zum Automobil auf die Gefahren-und Risikoanalyse, gem{\"a}ß ISO 26262 Teil 3 eingegangen. Im Rahmen dieser Diskussion werden die drei Bewertungskriterien der Gefahren- und Risikoanalyse (severity, probability of exposure and controllability) im Paper beleuchtet. Es wird gezeigt, dass f{\"u}r autonomes Fahren ein zus{\"a}tzliches Bewertungskriterium der Situationskomplexit{\"a}t sinnvoll ist, das das Umfeld einbezieht. Denn die Kontrollierbarkeit ist auf den Fahrer bezogen. Bei dem neuen Kriterium werden unter anderem der Einfluss durch die Verkehrsdichte sowie die Car-2-Car Kommunikation oder auch Fehler bzw. Ausf{\"a}lle in der Car-2-X Kommunikation (zur Infrastruktur) ber{\"u}cksichtigt.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KasparRabl, author = {Kaspar, Marcel and Rabl, Hans-Peter}, title = {Differenzierte Kohlenwasserstoffanalytik im Dieselabgas bei verschiedenen Motorbetriebszust{\"a}nden}, series = {12. FAD-Konferenz „Herausforderung - Agbasnachbehandlung f{\"u}r Dieselmotoren", 12, 2014, Dresden}, booktitle = {12. FAD-Konferenz „Herausforderung - Agbasnachbehandlung f{\"u}r Dieselmotoren", 12, 2014, Dresden}, publisher = {F{\"o}rderkreis Abgasnachbehandlungstechnologien f{\"u}r Verbrennungskraftmaschinen (FAD) e.V.}, pages = {45 -- 59}, abstract = {Die f{\"u}r Dieselfahrzeuge gesetzlich vorgeschriebenen Grenzwerte bez{\"u}glich der Schadstoffkomponenten Kohlenwasserstoffe und Kohlenmonoxid k{\"o}nnen nur durch den Einsatz eines Diesel-Oxidationskatalysators erf{\"u}llt werden. Um erh{\"o}hte Emissionen infolge eines gesch{\"a}digten Katalysators zu vermeiden, gilt es, dieses abgasrelevante Bauteil auch w{\"a}hrend des Betriebes zu {\"u}berwachen. Die zuk{\"u}nftigen gesetzlichen Anforderungen an die {\"U}berwachung erfordern ein Verfahren das eine zuverl{\"a}ssige und hochgenaue Diagnose zul{\"a}sst. Deshalb entwickelt eine Forschungsgemeinschaft aus Industrieunternehmen und Hochschulen einen neuartigen Kohlenwasserstoffsensor zur hochgenauen Analyse von unverbrannten Kohlenwasserstoffen im Abgasstrang. Hierf{\"u}r ist die Kohlenwasserstoffzusammensetzung des Dieselabgases bei verschiedenen Motorbetriebszust{\"a}nden zu ermitteln. Zur differenzierten Untersuchung der Kohlenwasserstoffkomponenten wurde in der Arbeit ein Massenspektrometer eingesetzt, das mit chemischer Ionisation arbeitet. Anhand eines Abgasscreenings konnte eine Reihe von Kohlenwasserstoffen (Alkane, Alkene, Alkine, Alkadiene und aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe) identifiziert werden, die typisch f{\"u}r das Dieselabgas stehen. Die Molek{\"u}le Ethin, Ethen und Propen wurden gezielt betrachtet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass bei kalten Betriebsbedingungen diese drei Komponenten etwa die H{\"a}lfte der Gesamtkohlenwasserstoffkonzentration ergeben. Ein weiterer Punkt der Untersuchungen war die Diesel-Partikelfilter-Regeneration. Wie erwartet, lassen sich Kohlenwasserstoffmolek{\"u}le mit h{\"o}heren Massen feststellen, die auf unverbrannten Dieselkraftstoff zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren sind. Anhand der Ergebnisse zeigte sich.dass sich das mit chemischer Ionisation arbeitende Massenspektrometer hervorragend f{\"u}r ein Abgasscreening eignet. Zahlreiche Kohlenwasserstoffe konnten identifiziert werden, die repr{\"a}sentativ f{\"u}r das Dieselabgas stehen. Es sollten Molek{\"u}le bei verschiedenen Motorbetriebsbedingungen untersucht werden, die einen m{\"o}glichst großen Anteil an der Gesamtkohlenwasserstoffkonzentration besitzen. Die Auswahl fiel aufgrund der gemessenen Massenspektren, vor und nach dem Diesel-Oxidationskatalysator, auf die Komponenten Ethin, Ethen und Propen. Zudem kann bei diesen Molek{\"u}len eine Masseninterferenz mit anderen Abgaskomponenten ausgeschlossen werden. Im unteren Teillastbereich und kaltem Motor machen diese Kohlenwasserstoffe bis zu 50\%, gemittelt {\"u}ber alle Messstellen vor, im und nach dem Diesel-Oxidationskatalysator, der Gesamtkohlenwasserstoffkonzentration aus. Bei betriebswarmem Motor reduziert sich ihr Anteil auf ein Drittel Die h{\"o}chste Konzentration unter den drei Komponenten besitzt dabei Propen. Mit steigendem Drehmoment nimmt der Anteil dieser drei Komponenten fortlaufend ab,was daf{\"u}r spricht, dass Molek{\"u}le mit h{\"o}heren Massen einen h{\"o}heren Anteil einnehmen. Die Kohlenwasserstoff-Emissionen bewegen sich bei diesen Motorbetriebspunkten mit betriebswarmem Katalysator jedoch bereits bei sehr niedrigen Werten. W{\"a}hrend der untersuchten Diesel-Partikelfilter-Regeneration mit sp{\"a}ten Nacheinspritzungen zur Abgastemperaturerh{\"o}hung lassen sich Molek{\"u}le mit h{\"o}heren Massen nachweisen. Diese sind typisch f{\"u}r die Reinkomponente Dieselkraftstoff. Der Anteil von Ethin, Ethen und Propen an der THC-Konzentration betr{\"a}gt dann ca. 40\%.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{MilaevRuiderSchlegl, author = {Milaev, Johannes and Ruider, Martin and Schlegl, Thomas}, title = {Entwicklung eines Experimentalsystems zur Validierung adaptiver Regelungen mit einem OEM-Steuerger{\"a}t}, series = {Tagungsband AALE 2014 : das Forum f{\"u}r Fachleute der Automatisierungstechnik aus Hochschulen und Wirtschaft ; 11. Fachkonferenz, Regensburg}, booktitle = {Tagungsband AALE 2014 : das Forum f{\"u}r Fachleute der Automatisierungstechnik aus Hochschulen und Wirtschaft ; 11. Fachkonferenz, Regensburg}, publisher = {Deutscher Industrieverlag}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-8356-7142-3}, pages = {241 -- 250}, abstract = {Im Rahmen des Kooperationsprojektes "ACES" (Integrated Adaption of Linear Controllers for Embedded Systems) ist ein Pr{\"u}fstand zur Validierung adaptiver Regelungen entwickelt und aufgebaut worden, der das dynamische Verhalten eines Kfz-Antriebstrangs aufweist. Ziel ist es, verschiedene Adaptionsverfahren auf ihre Einsetzbarkeit in OEM-Steuerger{\"a}ten, die im Automotive-Bereich auf breiter Basis verwendet werden, kosteng{\"u}nstig testen zu k{\"o}nnen. Das Problem der aktiven Schwingungsd{\"a}mpfung in Kfz-Antriebsstr{\"a}ngen mit unbekannten und ver{\"a}nderlichen mechanischen Parametern stellt eine Pilotanwendung dar. Ein leicht anpassbarer mechanischer Pr{\"u}fstand dient hierbei als vereinfachtes Modell eines Antriebstrangs. Dieser ist Bestandteil eitles Experimentalsystems mit einer informationstechnischen Architektur, die einen Betrieb engebetteter Regelungssysteme auf verschiedenen Plattformen gestattet. Das flexible mechanische und informationstechnische Design des Experimentalsystems gestattet die Variation von Parametern der zu regelnden Applikation durch leicht austauschbare mechanische Komponenten und gezielte Einbringung von St{\"o}rgr{\"o}ßen. Zudem kann die Berechnung der Regelungsarchitektur auf einem Industrie-PC oder einem Steuerger{\"a}t erfolgen. Weitere Vorteile des entwickelten Experimentalsystems sind die Ber{\"u}cksichtigung von Effekten, die aus dem Verhalten realer Sensoren und der CAN-basierten Signal{\"u}bertragung entstehen. Insbesondere der Einfluss von Wortbreite und Latenz {\"u}bertragener Signale auf die Adaption von Regelungen kann mit Hilfe des vorgestellten Experimentalsystems eingehend untersucht werden.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KetterlHeinrichReitmeieretal., author = {Ketterl, Hermann and Heinrich, Tobias and Reitmeier, Torsten and Hoelscher, Clemens}, title = {Emissionsabh{\"a}ngige Leistungsregelung f{\"u}r BHKW's}, series = {Tagungsband AALE 2020: Automatisierung und Mensch-Technik-Interaktion, 17. Fachkonferenz, 4. bis 6. M{\"a}rz 2020, Leipzig}, volume = {2020}, booktitle = {Tagungsband AALE 2020: Automatisierung und Mensch-Technik-Interaktion, 17. Fachkonferenz, 4. bis 6. M{\"a}rz 2020, Leipzig}, editor = {J{\"a}kel, Jens and Thiel, Robert}, publisher = {VDE-Verlag}, isbn = {978-3-8007-5180-8}, pages = {7}, language = {de} } @article{Roesel, author = {R{\"o}sel, Birgit}, title = {Just-in-Time Teaching f{\"u}r einen Grundkurs Regelungstechnik - Ergebnisse und Auswirkungen der Profistufe des Zertifikats Hochschullehre}, series = {Didaktiknachrichten}, journal = {Didaktiknachrichten}, number = {06}, publisher = {Zentrum f{\"u}r Hochschuldidaktik (DiZ)}, pages = {66 -- 71}, language = {de} } @article{EmbergerAltmannGebhardetal., author = {Emberger, Peter and Altmann, Robert and Gebhard, J{\"u}rgen and Thuneke, Klaus and Winkler, Markus and T{\"o}pfer, Georg and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Remmele, Edgar}, title = {Combustion characteristics of pure rapeseed oil fuel after injection in a constant volume combustion chamber with a non-road mobile machinery engine solenoid injector}, series = {Fuel}, journal = {Fuel}, number = {320}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123979}, abstract = {Pure rapeseed oil fuel (R100) according to standard DIN 51605 is a greenhouse gas saving option for the mobility sector. With its high energy density close to diesel fuel, R100 is suitable to operate non-road mobile machinery with a high power demand and long operating time, where electric drives reach their limits. Advantages are indicated for its use in environmentally sensitive areas like agriculture since R100 is highly biodegradable and non-toxic. However, R100 is characterised by differing physical and chemical properties compared to diesel. The objective of the research is to investigate the differences in the ignition and combustion behaviour of R100 compared to diesel fuel (DF). For this purpose, a constant volume combustion chamber is used, which is equipped with a modern solenoid injector for engines of non-road mobile machinery. The researched injector shows a different hydraulic behaviour when using R100 compared to DF in that the injected fuel mass is lower with R100 than with DF. In combination with the 14 \% by mass lower calorific value, less energy output is determined with R100. When varying the injection pressure, the impact on the ignition delay and combustion behaviour is much higher for R100 than for DF. Specifically, an increase of the injection pressure supports mixture preparation and thus partially compensates the differing physical properties of R100. The results of ignition delay measurements and net heat release analysis are as follows: At low load conditions with low injection pressure as well as a low combustion chamber temperature and pressure, R100 ignites later and shows a further delayed combustion compared to diesel. The opposite is observed for medium and high load conditions, where R100 ignites faster and without delayed combustion in comparison to DF. Thus, an adjustment of the heat release of R100 at the same level as for DF is possible by modifying the injection strategy. The research shows that for an optimised combustion of R100 the injection settings must be adjusted for every operation point separately. The results indicate how the injection parameters should be adjusted for different load conditions to realise a high-quality engine calibration for R100.}, language = {en} } @incollection{MuehlbauerRablRottengruber, author = {M{\"u}hlbauer, Christian and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Rottengruber, Hermann}, title = {Acoustic Optimization of Mechatronic Direct Injection Systems and Analysis of the Effects on Robustness in System Operation}, series = {SAE International Journal of Advances and Current Practices in Mobility}, volume = {4}, booktitle = {SAE International Journal of Advances and Current Practices in Mobility}, number = {1}, publisher = {SAE International, Warrendale, PA, United States}, issn = {2641-9645}, doi = {10.4271/2021-01-0671}, pages = {68 -- 77}, abstract = {The tightening of the emission legislation and political and social demands for sustainable mobility are forcing the automotive industry to develop complex, high precision mechatronic drive systems. The increasing precision of mechatronic components generally leads to an increase in structural excitation and thus to a rise in noise. The so-called ticking of the fuel injection system has a rather low sound pressure level compared to the residual engine noise. Nevertheless, the impulsive and high frequency noise character leads to a decline concerning the perception of comfort and sound quality. In order to identify the sound quality of fuel injection systems as a frontloading measure, a system test bench has been developed which represents the structure-borne and airborne sound radiation of the stand-alone injection system in a close to series configuration. In this paper, measures for the acoustic optimization of injection systems and their effects on the robustness of the system are discussed. The focus is on engine idling, since at this operating point the ticking of the injectors and high-pressure pump can be perceived most clearly due to the low masking effects of other noise sources. For this purpose, the injection parameters were measured during full engine operation and transferred to the system test bench. By using a special development control unit, it was possible to modify the parameters, quantify their influence on the acoustic behavior and, based on this, define NVH optimized control strategies. For the robustness evaluation of the NVH optimized control strategies, key functions of the injection system were analyzed under varying boundary conditions in system operation on an injection rate test bench.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchwanzerMieslingerRabletal., author = {Schwanzer, Peter and Mieslinger, Johann and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Dietrich, Markus and Haft, Gerhard and Walter, Stefanie and Hagen, Gunter and Moos, Ralf and Gaderer, Matthias}, title = {Monitoring of a Particulate Filter for Gasoline Direct Injection Engines with a Radio-Frequency-Sensor}, series = {11th International Exhaust Gas and Particulate Emissions Forum, 3.-4.3.2020, Ludwigsburg, Germany}, journal = {11th International Exhaust Gas and Particulate Emissions Forum, 3.-4.3.2020, Ludwigsburg, Germany}, abstract = {In order to comply with future emission regulations, the use of particulate filters in vehicles with direct injection gasoline engines is essential. The current amount of soot and ash in the filter is calculated by a soot load model in the electronic control unit in combination with a differential pressure sensor determining the pressure drop over the particulate filter. Active regeneration is initiated if the calculated amount of soot or the measured differential pressure is too high. This is associated with additional fuel consumption. An on-board diagnosis for the particulate filter is currently not part of the Euro 6d emission standard. For future exhaust emission standards, on-board diagnosis or active monitoring of the particulate filter is conceivable. One of the benefits of monitoring is the fact that unnecessary active regenerations can be avoided. As a result, there is no additional fuel consumption due to misinterpretations of the amount of soot in the filter. For active monitoring of the particulate filter, a radiofrequency (RF-) sensor, that detects the soot loading of the filter with electromagnetic waves directly, can be used. Such a system has the advantage that by utilizing the filter as a sensor more precise information about the current state of the filter, e.g. a possible damage, can be provided. Worst-case considerations of filter damages, tested at an engine test bench show the advantages which are entailed by a system like that. By means of partial regeneration of the particulate filter it is demonstrated how the remaining amount of soot in the filter can be detected in a better way in comparison to the differential pressure sensor by using the RF-sensor.}, language = {en} } @article{BrockKoderRabletal., author = {Brock, Damian and Koder, Alexander and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Touraud, Didier and Kunz, Werner}, title = {Optimising the biodiesel production process: Implementation of glycerol derivatives into biofuel formulations and their potential to form hydrofuels}, series = {Fuel}, volume = {264}, journal = {Fuel}, number = {March}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116695}, abstract = {A new biofuel concept is developed, enabling the usage of vegetable oils and glycerol derivatives in mixtures with biodiesel. This concept significantly enhances the biodiesel production's profitability and thus strongly contributes to the sustainability of future biofuels. After simple addition reactions with building block chemicals, less hydrophilic glycerol derivatives are obtained, which are compatible with biofuels. Even more, the products of the reactions of glycerol with acetone or butyric acid, referred to as solketal and tributyrin, respectively, lead to promising biofuels in mixtures with rapeseed oil and its biodiesel. Due to their low freezing points, they act as cloud and freezing point depressants, when added to vegetable oil/biodiesel blends. Further, since their viscosity is close to common biodiesel, biofuels containing high amounts of vegetable oil and even more glycerol derivatives than they arise during the biodiesel production can be obtained. Thus, this new class of biofuels enables adaptable compositions depending on the application and also the usage as drop-in fuel without any or just few percent of further additives. After optimising the formulations, ignition delay, exhaust gas recirculation, fuel consumption and combustion process measurements were performed in an unmodified upto-date diesel engine. The experiments showed that the properties of the formulated biofuels are either similar to or even better than diesel. The hydrotropy of the glycerol derivatives in these mixtures enables the potential to implement water into biofuels, so-called hydrofuels, reducing nitrogen oxide emissions and leading to further optimised dropin fuels.}, language = {en} } @incollection{WalterSchwanzerHagenetal., author = {Walter, Stefanie and Schwanzer, Peter and Hagen, Gunter and Haft, Gerhard and Dietrich, Markus and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Moos, Ralf}, title = {Hochfrequenzsensorik zur direkten Beladungserkennung von Benzinpartikelfiltern}, series = {Automobil-Sensorik 3}, booktitle = {Automobil-Sensorik 3}, editor = {Tille, Thomas}, publisher = {Springer Vieweg}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-662-61259-0}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-61260-6_7}, pages = {185 -- 208}, abstract = {In Folge der Versch{\"a}rfung der gesetzlichen Abgasnormen wurden f{\"u}r direkt-einspritzende Benzinmotoren Partikelfilter notwendig. Zur Beladungs{\"u}berwachung k{\"o}nnen aufgrund stark unterschiedlicher Rahmenbedingungen die aus Dieselmotoren bekannten Systeme, wie dem Differenzdrucksensor, nur eingeschr{\"a}nkt {\"u}bernommen werden. Ein hochfrequenzbasiertes Verfahren koppelt mittels Antennen elektromagnetische Wellen in das Filtergeh{\"a}use ein, deren Ausbreitungsverhalten durch die dielektrischen Eigenschaften des eingelagerten Rußes beeinflusst wird. Hierdurch kann bei Auswertung von Transmissionsd{\"a}mpfung oder Resonanzfrequenzen die Rußbeladung direkt detektiert werden.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GrothmannPoelsterlGerling, author = {Grothmann, Benjamin and Poelsterl, Thomas and Gerling, Dieter}, title = {Online compensation of current sensor gain-faults for safety-relevant IPM-drives}, series = {2017 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC), 22-24 June 2017, Chicago, IL, USA}, booktitle = {2017 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC), 22-24 June 2017, Chicago, IL, USA}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/ITEC.2017.7993355}, pages = {701 -- 706}, abstract = {Detection and compensation of current sensor gain-faults regardless of the operating-point is a crucial aspect for safety-relevant servo-drives. This paper presents and investigates a new direct phase-gain re-balancing methodology, especially suited for interior permanent magnet machine (IPM) drives mostly operating at low speed-ranges including standstill. The proposed model-based approach utilizes high-frequency signal-injection (HFI) to facilitate fast and persistent sensor monitoring for any operating state of the drive. No additional sensing hardware is required. Extraction of the HFI-phase-current response enables detection and immediate compensation of sensor gain-faults. Implementation aspects of the proposed concept are discussed thoroughly. Experimental results are presented to prove and investigate robustness, reliability and fault-tolerant performance.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchmidtFuchsFuchs, author = {Schmidt, Hans-Peter and Fuchs, Andreas and Fuchs, Stefan}, title = {Simultaneous contact less charging of multiple electric vehicles: Contact less power and data transfer for multiple distributed loads}, series = {2014 4th International Electric Drives Production Conference ( 30 Sept.-1 Oct. 2014, Nuremberg, Germany}, booktitle = {2014 4th International Electric Drives Production Conference ( 30 Sept.-1 Oct. 2014, Nuremberg, Germany}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/EDPC.2014.6984435}, pages = {1 -- 3}, abstract = {A design of a 3-phase inductive power and data transfer for multiple stationary loads is proposed. It focuses on stable load voltages while minimizing electromagnetic interference. Loads are contactless charging units of electric vehicles at car parks. Physical properties of the inductive couplers are modelled via 3-D FEM and lumped parameters are used for system studies. Design principles are verified at laboratory scale with a purpose built test stand.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchorrBoehmZentneretal., author = {Schorr, Philipp and B{\"o}hm, Valter and Zentner, Lena and Zimmermann, Klaus}, title = {Dynamical Investigation of Crawling Motion System based on a Multistable Tensegrity Structure}, series = {Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics : Porto, Portugal, 29.07.2018 - 31.07.2018}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics : Porto, Portugal, 29.07.2018 - 31.07.2018}, publisher = {SCITEPRESS}, isbn = {978-989-758-321-6}, doi = {10.5220/0006852701220130}, pages = {122 -- 130}, abstract = {The basic idea of this article is the utilization of the multistable character of a compliant tensegrity structure to control the direction of motion of a crawling motion system. A crawling motion system basing on a two-dimensional tensegrity structure with multiple stable equilibrium states is considered. This system is in contact with a horizontal plane due to gravity. For a selected harmonic actuation of the system small oscillations around the given equilibrium state of the tensegrity structure occur and the corresponding uniaxial motion of the system is evaluated. A change of the equilibrium state of the tensegrity structure yields to novel configuration of the entire system. Moreover, the motion behavior of the novel configuration is totally different although the actuation strategy is not varied. In particular, the direction of motion changes. Therefore, this approach enables a uniaxial bidirectional crawling motion with a controllable direction of motion using only one actuat or with a selected excitation frequency.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HofmannScharfenberg, author = {Hofmann, Gerhard and Scharfenberg, Georg}, title = {Applicability of the ISO 26262 for functional safety for motorbikes}, series = {2014 International Conference on Applied Electronics, 9-10 Sept. 2014, Pilsen, Czech Republic}, booktitle = {2014 International Conference on Applied Electronics, 9-10 Sept. 2014, Pilsen, Czech Republic}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/AE.2014.7011679}, pages = {107 -- 112}, abstract = {This article deals with the question to what extent the automotive standard for functional safety ISO 26262 is also applicable to motorbikes. It examines thereby, on the one hand where to find comparable criteria between cars and motorbikes from the standpoint of functional safety, and, on the other hand, where differences between the automobile and the motorbike must be considered. It shows the extent to which the safety-related automotive standard is applicable to motorbikes. Furthermore, the differences are determined, which must lead to the consequence of a new "state of the art" and to a new standard for motorbikes. On the example of a light function the new MSIL classification gets applied. In this article, the motorbike is viewed as a whole. For the most parts the standard is also valid for scooters.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HaumerKral, author = {Haumer, Anton and Kral, Christian}, title = {Enhancements of Electric Machine Models: The EMachines Library}, series = {Proceedings of the 11th International Modelica Conference, Versailles, France, September 21-23, 2015}, volume = {118}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th International Modelica Conference, Versailles, France, September 21-23, 2015}, publisher = {Link{\"o}ping University Electronic Press}, doi = {10.3384/ecp15118509}, pages = {509 -- 515}, abstract = {Transient models of multi phase electric machines are already implemented in the Modelica Standard Library (MSL). However, advanced effects like saturation and skin effect are not taken into account. As an extension to the MSL models, the new EMachines library is presented. This package will be released as a supplemental library to the commercial EDrives library. The particular focus of this paper is on the deep bar effect of induction machines. A comparison of simulation results demonstrates the influence of the skin effect on the operational behavior of the machines. At the end of this publication further developments of the EMachines library will be outlined.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BeckeSchlegl, author = {Becke, Mark and Schlegl, Thomas}, title = {Least squares pose estimation of cylinder axes from multiple views using contour line features}, series = {IECON 2015 - 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 9-12 Nov. 2015, Yokohama, Japan}, booktitle = {IECON 2015 - 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 9-12 Nov. 2015, Yokohama, Japan}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/IECON.2015.7392371}, pages = {1855 -- 1861}, abstract = {In this paper, a new method for a minimum-error pose estimation of cylinder axes based on apparent contour line features from multiple views is presented. Novel model equations for both single and particularly multiple views are derived, and based upon these, an iterative algorithm for least squares fitting the model to imaged cylinder contour line features is introduced. The good performance and fast convergence of the proposed algorithm is shown by solving exemplary fitting problems.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RoeselKoehler, author = {R{\"o}sel, Birgit and K{\"o}hler, Thomas}, title = {First results of a new digitalized concept for teaching control theory as minor subject at a university of applied science}, series = {2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 17-20 April 2018, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain}, booktitle = {2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 17-20 April 2018, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/EDUCON.2018.8363217}, pages = {118 -- 125}, abstract = {This paper presents a digitalized concept for teaching control theory as minor subject with an integrated approach for lectures, exercises and practical sessions and first results of the implementation at the department of electrical engineering at the OTH Regensburg. The concept uses activating methods like blended learning and possibilities of digitalization of teaching implementing Just in Time Teaching and Peer Instruction. The base of the new concept is the idea of constructive alignment. Furthermore this paper presents the feedback of the students along with an accompanying scientific research over several semesters. The data obtained from the presented module are compared with the data from other blended learning approaches in Germany.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Schiek, author = {Schiek, Roland}, title = {Self-phase modulation in lithium niobate waveguides}, series = {2014 International Conference Laser Optics, title=Self-phase modulation in lithium niobate waveguides, 30 June-4 July 2014, St. Petersburg, Russia}, booktitle = {2014 International Conference Laser Optics, title=Self-phase modulation in lithium niobate waveguides, 30 June-4 July 2014, St. Petersburg, Russia}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/LO.2014.6886403}, abstract = {Self-phase modulation in lithium niobate wave-guides with cascaded quadratic and cubic nonlinearities is characterized by comparison of amplitude and phase of input and output pulse envelopes and spectra. Cubic nonlinear susceptibility coefficients of lithium niobate were determined from the measured nonlinear phase shifts.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DessortChucholowskiRill, author = {Dessort, Ronnie and Chucholowski, Cornelius and Rill, Georg}, title = {Parametrical approach for modeling of tire forces and torques in TMeasy 5}, series = {16. Internationales Stuttgarter Symposium, Automobil- und Motorentechnik, Bd. 1}, booktitle = {16. Internationales Stuttgarter Symposium, Automobil- und Motorentechnik, Bd. 1}, editor = {Bargende, Michael and Reuss, Hans-Christian and Wiedemann, Jochen}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-13254-5}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-13255-2_31}, pages = {435 -- 449}, abstract = {For the dynamic simulation of on-road vehicles, the model-element "tire/road" is of special importance, according to its influence on the achievable results. Sufficient description of the interaction between tire and road is one of the most challenging tasks of vehicle modeling. Two groups of tire models can be classified: handling models and structural or high-frequency models. Usually, various assumptions are made in modeling vehicles as multibody systems. Therefore, in the interest of balanced modeling, the precision of the complete vehicle model should stand in reasonable relation to the performance of the applied tire model. Handling tire models are characterized by a useful compromise between user friendliness, model complexity, and efficiency in computation time on the one hand, and precision in representation on the other hand.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HacklHirschbergLexetal., author = {Hackl, Andreas and Hirschberg, Wolfgang and Lex, Cornelia and Rill, Georg}, title = {Parameterization Process of the Maxwell Model to Describe the Transient Force Behavior of a Tire}, series = {WCX 17: SAE World Congress Experience 2017}, booktitle = {WCX 17: SAE World Congress Experience 2017}, publisher = {SAE}, doi = {10.4271/2017-01-1505}, abstract = {The present technical article deals with the modeling of dynamic tire forces, which are relevant during interactions of safety relevant Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). Special attention has been paid on simple but effective tire modeling of semi-physical type. In previous investigations, experimental validation showed that the well-known first-order Kelvin-Voigt model, described by a spring and damper element, describes good suitability around fixed operation points, but is limited for a wide working range. When aiming to run vehicle dynamics models within a frequency band of excitation up to 8 Hz, these models deliver remarkable deviations from measured tire characteristics. To overcome this limitation, a nonlinear Maxwell spring-damper element was introduced which is qualified to model the dynamic hardening of the elastomer materials of the tire. However, the advantage of a more realistic description of the transient behavior leads to a more complex parametrization process. Therefore, in the proposed article attention is paid to describe the identification process including defined maneuvers to parameterize the tire model, where the accuracy of the parameter strongly depends on the quality of the available input data from measurement. In order to study this important aspect of parameterization, the reference data from simulation of the full physical tire model FTire is applied like a "virtual measurement" of specified testing maneuvers. The procedure of simulation by means of the enhanced first order dynamics model is implemented by the semi-physical tire model TMeasy. Finally, the improvements of the extended model are discussed and an outlook for future work is given.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{CroceDiamantidisSykora, author = {Croce, Valeria and Diamantidis, Dimitris and S{\´y}kora, Miroslav}, title = {Planning post earthquake surveys: assessments and reconstruction of small historical centres}, series = {1st IABSE Online Symposium 2020, Synergy of culture and civil engineering - history and challenges: Wrocław, Poland, 7-9 October 2020, Proceedings}, booktitle = {1st IABSE Online Symposium 2020, Synergy of culture and civil engineering - history and challenges: Wrocław, Poland, 7-9 October 2020, Proceedings}, editor = {Bien, Jan}, publisher = {Curran Associates Inc}, address = {Red Hook, NY}, isbn = {978-1-7138-2387-2}, pages = {332 -- 339}, abstract = {The contribution presents a methodological procedure for the management and planning of interventions after earthquake events in small historic centres. Reference is made to the case study of Castelluccio di Norcia, a village in the Apennine Mountains affected by the seismic sequence that hit Central Italy in 2016. The earthquake risk of the area and the damaging events of 2016 are critically reviewed. The implementation of cognitive analysis and the application of advanced survey techniques involving the use of nmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for the purposes of emergency management and monitoring of damaged areas are analysed. The outcomes, combined with the direct involvement of the local population, represent a complete and integrated approach allowing the definition of a) possible intervention strategies, b) related decision criteria and c) practical recommendations for the reconstruction and regeneration of Castelluccio, and, in general, of small historic centres damaged by catastrophic events.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Roesel, author = {R{\"o}sel, Birgit}, title = {A concept of a mainly digitalized course on control theory including problembased practical units and digital supported exams}, series = {HEAd'20: Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances, June 2 - June 5 2020, Valencia (Spain)}, booktitle = {HEAd'20: Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances, June 2 - June 5 2020, Valencia (Spain)}, doi = {10.4995/HEAd20.2020.11112}, abstract = {This paper decribes the concept of a course on control theory as a minor subject in the department of electrical engineering at the OTH Regensburg. The basis for a new concept is the idea of contructive alignment. The whole teaching module is devided in two blocks. The first block contains the teaching of the knowledge about control theory with an integrated approach for lectures, exercises and practical sessions. In the second block the students attent a practical work package to have the possibility to applicate and deepen their knowledge. To foster active participation the students are asked to document and reflect their work with the course context in an electronic portfolio. The exam of this module consists of three parts with respect to the different competencies obtained during the module. This concept develops not only the knowledge on control theory but personal and social competencies which are of growing interest. The aim of the paper is to present the idea of the concept. Following papers will illustrate the development process and the results obtained later on.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DiamantidisSykora, author = {Diamantidis, Dimitris and S{\´y}kora, Miroslav}, title = {Reliability Differentiation and Uniform Risk in Standards}, series = {Scientific Symposium Future Trends in Civil Engineering, Zagreb,Croatia, 17 October 2029}, booktitle = {Scientific Symposium Future Trends in Civil Engineering, Zagreb,Croatia, 17 October 2029}, doi = {10.5592/CO/FTCE.2019.11}, pages = {241 -- 260}, abstract = {Reliability of structures and infrastructures is a major issue in structural engineering. Structural standards have traditionally been mainly concerned with public safety preventing loss of life or injury; this view has been shifting in recent years towards minimisation of economic loss. This contribution discusses the reliability differentiation principle in modern standards. Its aim is to achieve uniform risk levels for the various classes of structures. Codified criteria for reliability differentiation and risk informed decisions inherent in standards and especially in the Eurocodes are critically reviewed. It is shown that the classification of structures based on consequences of failure is an approach that has not been widely implemented in everyday design. Practical rules for the classification and implementation in design are needed and related proposals are presented.}, language = {en} } @article{FrazzicaPalombaDawoud, author = {Frazzica, Andrea and Palomba, Valeria and Dawoud, Belal}, title = {Thermodynamic Performance of Adsorption Working Pairs for Low-Temperature Waste Heat Upgrading in Industrial Applications}, series = {Applied Sciences}, volume = {11}, journal = {Applied Sciences}, number = {8}, publisher = {MDPI}, doi = {10.3390/app11083389}, abstract = {The present work aims at the thermodynamic analysis of different working pairs in adsorption heat transformers (AdHT) for low-temperature waste heat upgrade in industrial processes. Two different AdHT configurations have been simulated, namely with and without heat recovery between the adsorbent beds. Ten working pairs, employing different adsorbent materials and four different refrigerants, have been compared at varying working boundary conditions. The effects of heat recovery and the presence of a temperature gradient for heat transfer between sinks/sources and the AdHT components have been analyzed. The achieved results demonstrate the possibility of increasing the overall performance when internal heat recovery is implemented. They also highlight the relevant role played by the existing temperature gradient between heat transfer fluids and components, that strongly affect the real operating cycle of the AdHT and thus its expected performance. Both extremely low, i.e., 40-50 degrees C, and low (i.e., 80 degrees C) waste heat source temperatures were investigated at variable ambient temperatures, evaluating the achievable COP and specific energy. The main results demonstrate that optimal performance can be achieved when 40-50 K of temperature difference between waste heat source and ambient temperature are guaranteed. Furthermore, composite sorbents demonstrated to be the most promising adsorbent materials for this application, given their high sorption capacity compared to pure adsorbents, which is reflected in much higher achievable specific energy.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{AltmannGebhardTroegeretal., author = {Altmann, Robert and Gebhard, J{\"u}rgen and Troeger, Adrian and Winkler, Markus and T{\"o}pfer, Georg and Remmele, Edgar and Gaderer, Matthias and Rabl, Hans-Peter}, title = {Engine performance and emission analysis of a NRMM CI engine with common rail injection system operated with diesel fuel and rapeseed oil fuel}, series = {Proceedings of the 6th Commercial Vehicle Technology Symposium 2020/2021}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th Commercial Vehicle Technology Symposium 2020/2021}, editor = {Berns, Karsten and Dressler, Klaus and Kalmar, Ralf and Stephan, Nicole and Teutsch, Roman and Thul, Martin}, publisher = {Springer Vieweg}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-29716-9}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-29717-6_16}, pages = {231 -- 242}, abstract = {The use of alternative fuels in high-power non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) combustion engines is a possible way to substitute fossil fuel. By using pure vegetable oil fuels, like rapeseed oil fuel (DIN 51605), the greenhouse gases can be reduced effectively. Due to the differences in physical and chemical properties, a modification of the engine control unit calibration is necessary to adapt the working process on the fuel. Without modifications, the engine power output with rapeseed oil fuel is lower than with diesel fuel because of the smaller energy content. By adapting the engine settings, like the injection fuel mass, the power loss can be compensated but it accompanies with a higher fuel consumption. The engine emissions at part load conditions show, that there are benefits in particle emissions by using rapeseed oil at similar NOx emissions. Therefore, a design of experiment setup was initiated on a selected engine operation point to determine the effects of further parameters, like rail pressure, manifold pressure and injection pattern, on the process and to see the potential of an optimized calibration.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RillArrietaCastro, author = {Rill, Georg and Arrieta Castro, Abel}, title = {A Novel Approach for Parametrization of Suspension Kinematics}, series = {Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks: Proceedings of the 26th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics (IAVSD 2019), August 12-16, 2019, Gothenburg, Sweden}, booktitle = {Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks: Proceedings of the 26th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics (IAVSD 2019), August 12-16, 2019, Gothenburg, Sweden}, editor = {Klomp, Matthijs and Bruzelius, Fredrik and Nielsen, Jens and Hillemyr, Angela}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-38076-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-38077-9_210}, pages = {1848 -- 1857}, abstract = {n the automotive industry, simulations are needed to analyse the dynamics of vehicles and also of its main components and subsystems, e.g. tires, brakes and suspension systems. These simulations are required for an early-stage development and in consequence, they must deliver realistic results. Suspension systems plays a key role in comfort and safety of road vehicles. They usually consist of rigid links and force elements that are arranged with a specific topology. In addition, some of their functionalities are to carry the weight of the car and the passengers, and maintain a correct wheel alignment. In simulations involving suspension systems, lookup-tables are frequently used. They are obtained from a Kinematic and Compliance (KnC) test and then standardized for a specific vehicle simulation software. Nonetheless, lookup-tables require a reasonable number of characteristic points. Additionally, derivatives, interpolation, and extrapolation are not necessarily smooth. This produces results that depend on the interpolation technique and may be inaccurate. In this paper, a novel method called "design kinematics" is proposed. This method can describe the kinematic properties of almost any type of suspension systems. Comparisons with an analytic calculation and a KnC measurement shown that the design kinematics is able to represent the kinematic and compliance properties of suspension systems extremely well and very efficiently.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RillArrietaCastro, author = {Rill, Georg and Arrieta Castro, Abel}, title = {The Influence of Axle Kinematics on Vehicle Dynamics}, series = {Interdisciplinary Applications of Kinematics. Proceedings of the Third International Conference (IAK)}, volume = {71}, booktitle = {Interdisciplinary Applications of Kinematics. Proceedings of the Third International Conference (IAK)}, editor = {Kecskem{\´e}thy, Andr{\´e}s and Geu Flores, Francisco and Carrera, Eliodoro and Elias, Dante A.}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-16422-5}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-16423-2_2}, pages = {23 -- 31}, abstract = {The automotive industry employs many different kinds of axle suspension systems at modern passenger cars. Important criteria are costs, space requirements, kinematic properties, and compliance attributes. This paper illustrates that in particular the kinematic properties of a suspension system have a significant influence on the dynamics of vehicles. As a consequence, the kinematics of a suspension system must be modeled very precisely and nonlinear. Typical kinematical features of a suspension system are discussed by analyzing the most common double wishbone axle suspension system. The influence of the axle kinematics on vehicle dynamics is finally demonstrated by simulation results generated with a fully nonlinear and three-dimensional multibody vehicle model.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Rill, author = {Rill, Georg}, title = {Multibody Systems and Simulation Techniques}, series = {Vehicle Dynamics of Modern Passenger Cars}, booktitle = {Vehicle Dynamics of Modern Passenger Cars}, editor = {Lugner, Peter}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-319-79007-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-79008-4_6}, pages = {309 -- 375}, abstract = {This part begins with an introduction to Multibody Systems (MBS). It presents the elements of MBS and discusses different modeling aspects. Then, different methods to generate the equations of motion are presented. Solvers for ordinary differential equations (ODE) as well as differential algebraic equations (DAE) are discussed. Finally, techniques for "online" and "offline" simulations including real-time applications are presented like necessary for car development. Special examples show the connection between simulation and test results.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ThomeczekAttenbergerKolbetal., author = {Thomeczek, Ludwig and Attenberger, Andreas and Kolb, Johannes and Matoušek, V{\´a}clav and Mottok, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Betrachtungen zu Latenzquellen und deren Beobachtung in POSIX-Systemen am Beispiel von Container-Runtimes}, series = {Echtzeit 2019}, volume = {35}, booktitle = {Echtzeit 2019}, editor = {Unger, Herwig}, publisher = {Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-27807-6}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-27808-3_12}, pages = {109 -- 118}, abstract = {Die am weitesten verbreiteten autonomen Systeme der Zukunft sind aller Voraussicht nach intelligente Fahrzeuge, welche selbst{\"a}ndig im Straßenverkehr navigieren und mit der Umgebung interagieren. Diese neuen Funktionen erfordern den Einsatz von performanten Mehrkernprozessoren sowie von komplexen (POSIX-kompatiblen) Betriebssystemen. Gleichzeitig erfordert der Einsatz im Automobil hohe funktionale Sicherheit (ASIL-Level), was unter anderem robuste Echtzeiteigenschaften der verwendeten Hard- und Software voraussetzt. Den Echtzeiteigenschaften steht die erh{\"o}hte Komplexit{\"a}t mit neuen Quellen f{\"u}r nichtdeterministische Latenzen gegen{\"u}ber. In diesem Paper pr{\"a}sentieren wir eine {\"U}bersicht {\"u}ber diese neuen Einflussfaktoren, und vermessen anschließend Containerlaufzeitumgebungen und deren Latenzverhalten. Wir zeigen dabei, das Netzwerkbr{\"u}cken unter Last erheblichen Einfluss (Faktor 4-5) auf die Netzwerklatenz aus{\"u}ben k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {de} } @article{SykoraDiamantidisHolickyetal., author = {S{\´y}kora, Miroslav and Diamantidis, Dimitris and Holick{\´y}, Milan and Markov{\´a}, Jana and R{\´o}zs{\´a}s, {\´A}rp{\´a}d}, title = {Assessment of compressive strength of historic masonry using non-destructive and destructive techniques}, series = {Construction and Building Materials}, volume = {193}, journal = {Construction and Building Materials}, number = {December}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.10.180}, pages = {196 -- 210}, abstract = {Masonry structures were built by various techniques using different materials, the properties of which exhibit a considerable scatter dependent on periods of construction and region-specific conditions. For historic structures with a heritage value, various non- or minor-destructive tests (NDTs) are commonly applied, while the application of destructive tests (DTs) is minimized. The contribution is based on investigations of 15 historic stone and clay brick masonry structures, for which NDT strengths of masonry units are verified by DTs. The proposed operational approach makes it possible to account for statistical uncertainty due to a limited number of DTs used to calibrate NDTs.}, language = {en} } @book{RillArrietaCastro, author = {Rill, Georg and Arrieta Castro, Abel}, title = {Road Vehicle Dynamics}, publisher = {CRC Press}, address = {Boca Raton, Fla.}, isbn = {9780429244476}, doi = {10.1201/9780429244476}, abstract = {Road Vehicle Dynamics: Fundamentals and Modeling with MATLAB®, Second Edition combines coverage of vehicle dynamics concepts with MATLAB v9.4 programming routines and results, along with examples and numerous chapter exercises. Improved and updated, the revised text offers new coverage of active safety systems, rear wheel steering, race car suspension systems, airsprings, four-wheel drive, mechatronics, and other topics. Based on the lead author's extensive lectures, classes, and research activities, this unique text provides readers with insights into the computer-based modeling of automobiles and other ground vehicles. Instructor resources, including problem solutions, are available from the publisher.}, subject = {Fahrdynamik}, language = {en} } @article{DechantFedulovChashinetal., author = {Dechant, Eduard and Fedulov, Feodor and Chashin, Dmitri V. and Fetisov, Leonid Y. and Fetisov, Yuri K. and Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail}, title = {Low-frequency, broadband vibration energy harvester using coupled oscillators and frequency up-conversion by mechanical stoppers}, series = {Smart Materials and Structures}, volume = {26}, journal = {Smart Materials and Structures}, number = {6}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, doi = {10.1088/1361-665X/aa6e92}, abstract = {The frequencies of ambient vibrations are often low (below 30 Hz). A broadband (3 dB bandwidth is larger than 10 Hz at an acceleration amplitude of 9.81 m s(-2)) vibration based energy harvester is proposed for transducing mechanical energy at such low frequencies into electrical energy. The mechanical setup converts low frequency mechanical vibrations into high frequency resonance oscillations of the transducer. This conversion is done by mechanical impacts on two mechanical stoppers. The originality of the presented design is that both low-frequency and high-frequency oscillators are permanently mechanically coupled. In the equivalent mechanical circuit, this coupling is achieved by connecting the ends of the stiff spring to both seismic masses, whereas one seismic mass (collison member) is also attached to the soft spring used as the constitutive element of a low-frequency oscillator. Further, both mechanical oscillators are not realized as conventional cantilever beams. In particular, the high frequency oscillator with the natural frequency of 340 Hz is a disc-shaped diaphragm with attached piezoelectric elements and a seismic mass. It is shown that it is possible to convert mechanical vibrations with acceleration amplitude of 9.81 m s(-2) in the region between approximately 7 and 25 Hz into electrical power larger than 0.1 mW with the maximum value of 0.8 mW. A simplified mathematical model based on piecewise linear coupled oscillators shows good agreement with experimental results. The ways to enhance the performance of the harvester and improve agreement with experiments are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{KasparRablMayer, author = {Kaspar, Marcel and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Mayer, Wolfgang}, title = {Ion-Molecule Reaction for the Selective Detection of Hydrocarbons in Diesel Exhaust Gas}, series = {Chemie Ingenieur Technik}, volume = {90}, journal = {Chemie Ingenieur Technik}, number = {6}, publisher = {WILEY-VCH}, doi = {10.1002/cite.201700075}, pages = {826 -- 834}, abstract = {The hydrocarbons present in the diesel exhaust gas are analyzed. A mass spectrometer is used for the measurements, and it operates on the basis of an ion-molecule reaction. This method is especially suitable because it is selective, is as free of fragments as possible, and is highly sensitive to the species that need to be measured. The study shows that numerous hydrocarbons in diesel exhaust gas can be identified. In particular, three molecules, ethyne, ethene and propene, were analyzed online in-depth on an engine test bench under different engine operating conditions.}, language = {en} } @article{SchorrBoehmZentneretal., author = {Schorr, Philipp and B{\"o}hm, Valter and Zentner, Lena and Zimmermann, Klaus}, title = {Motion characteristics of a vibration driven mobile tensegrity structure with multiple stable equilibrium states}, series = {Journal of Sound and Vibration}, volume = {437}, journal = {Journal of Sound and Vibration}, number = {December}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.jsv.2018.09.019}, pages = {198 -- 208}, abstract = {A novel type of a vibration driven motion system based on a compliant tensegrity structure with multiple stable equilibrium states is considered. These equilibrium configurations correspond to different prestress states with different dynamical properties. Therefore, the motion characteristics can be varied by changing the equilibrium state. For the application in the fields of mobile robotics, these discrete adjustable dynamics are advantageous. The vibration modes of the structure as well as the corresponding motion characteristics of the system can be adapted to the given environmental conditions in order to ensure a reliable motion. In this paper, dynamical investigations of an exemplary two-dimensional multistable tensegrity structure are considered. For the chosen parameter values the structure features two relevant equilibrium configurations. The resulting motion system is in contact to a horizontal plane due to gravity and the actuation is realized by the harmonic variation of the length of a single tensioned member. The motion of the system is simulated for various actuation frequencies with the different equilibrium states as an initial configuration. A uniaxial or a planar movement occurs depending on the selection of the actuated member within the tensegrity structure. The steady state motion is evaluated regarding motion characteristics like the steady state velocity. Moreover, the influences on the motion behavior caused by the different equilibrium states as an initial condition are emphasized. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{SorokinStepanovShamoninChamonineetal., author = {Sorokin, Vladislav V. and Stepanov, Gennady V. and Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail and Monkman, Gareth J. and Kramarenko, Elena Yu}, title = {Magnetorheological behavior of magnetoactive elastomers filled with bimodal iron and magnetite particles}, series = {Smart materials and structures}, volume = {26}, journal = {Smart materials and structures}, number = {3}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, doi = {10.1088/1361-665X/26/3/035019}, abstract = {Magnetoactive elastomers (MAE) based on soft silicone matrices, filled with various proportions of large diameter ( approximately 50 mu m) iron and small diameter ( approximately 0.5 mu m) magnetite particles are synthesized. Their rheological behavior in homogeneous magnetic fields up to 600 mT is studied in detail. The addition of small magnetite particles facilitates fabrication of uniformly distributed magnetic elastomer composites by preventing aggregation and sedimentation of large particles during curing. It is shown that using the proposed bimodal filler particles it is possible to tailor various magnetorheological (MR) properties which can be useful for different target applications. In particular, either absolute or relative magnetorheological effects can be tuned. The value of the damping factor as well as the range of deformation amplitudes for the linear viscoelastic regime can be chosen. The interdependencies between different MR properties of bimodal MAEs are considered. The results are discussed in the model framework of particle network formation under the simultaneous influence of external magnetic fields and mechanical deformation.}, language = {en} } @article{daSilvaMotaHinckelRoccoetal., author = {da Silva Mota, Fabio Antonio and Hinckel, Jose Nivaldo and Rocco, Evandro Marconi and Schlingloff, Hanfried}, title = {Modeling and Analysis of a LOX/Ethanol Liquid Rocket Engine}, series = {Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management}, volume = {10}, journal = {Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management}, publisher = {Inst Aeronautica \& Espaco-IAE}, doi = {10.5028/jatm.v10.914}, abstract = {This work studies the performance and dry mass of the under development LOX/Ethanol L75 liquid rocket engine. To this end, an object-oriented program written in C++ was developed. The program is intended to be versatile and easily extensible in order to analyze different configurations of liquid rocket engines. The UML (Unified Modeling Language) tool is used to model the architecture of the codes. UML diagrams help to visualize the code structure and the communication between objects, enabling a high degree of abstraction. The cryogenics Vulcain and HM7B engines power cycles along with the staged-combustion SSME engine perform the verification of the codes. Finally, the influence of changes in design parameters on the performance and dry mass of the L75 rocket engine is analyzed.}, language = {en} } @article{NiemetzHaenninenSchoepe, author = {Niemetz, Michael and H{\"a}nninen, Risto and Schoepe, Wilfried}, title = {On the Transition from Potential Flow to Turbulence Around a Microsphere Oscillating in Superfluid 4He}, series = {Journal of low temperature physics}, volume = {187}, journal = {Journal of low temperature physics}, number = {3-4}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1007/s10909-017-1745-7}, pages = {195 -- 220}, abstract = {The flow of superfluid around a translationally oscillating sphere, levitating without mechanical support, can either be laminar or turbulent, depending on the velocity amplitude. Below a critical velocity that scales as and is temperature independent below 1 K, the flow is laminar (potential flow). Below 0.5 K, the linear drag force is caused by ballistic phonon scattering that vanishes as until background damping, measured in the empty cell, becomes dominant for K. Increasing the velocity amplitude above leads to a transition from potential flow to turbulence, where the large turbulent drag force varies as . In a small velocity interval \% above , the flow is unstable below 0.5 K, switching intermittently between both patterns. From time series recorded at constant temperature and driving force, the lifetimes of both phases are analyzed statistically. We observe metastable states of potential flow which, after a mean lifetime of 25 min, ultimately break down due to vorticity created by natural background radioactivity. The lifetimes of the turbulent phases have an exponential distribution, and the mean increases exponentially with . We investigate the frequency at which the vortex rings are shed from the sphere. Our results are compared with recent data of other authors on vortex shedding by moving a laser beam through a Bose-Einstein condensate. Finally, we show that our observed transition to turbulence belongs to the class of "supertransient chaos" where lifetimes of the turbulent states increase faster than exponentially.}, language = {en} } @article{PalombaDawoudSapienzaetal., author = {Palomba, Valeria and Dawoud, Belal and Sapienza, Alessio and Vasta, Salvatore and Frazzica, Andrea}, title = {On the impact of different management strategies on the performance of a two-bed activated carbon/ethanol refrigerator: An experimental study}, series = {Energy conversion and management}, volume = {142}, journal = {Energy conversion and management}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.enconman.2017.03.055}, pages = {322 -- 333}, abstract = {In the present work, an experimental study on a lab-scale adsorption refrigerator, based on activated carbon/ethanol working pair is reported. An extensive testing campaign has been carried out at the CNR ITAE laboratory, with multiple aims. First, the performance has been evaluated in terms of both COP and Specific Cooling Power (SCP), under different boundary conditions, including both air conditioning and refrigeration applications. Attractive SCPs, up to 180 W/kg and 70 W/kg for air conditioning and refrigeration, respectively, were measured. Under the same conditions, COP between 0.17 and 0.08 were obtained. In addition, different management strategies, namely, heat recovery between adsorbers and re-allocation of phase durations, were evaluated to identify their influence on the system. Both strategies confirmed the possibility of increasing COP and SCP up to 40\% and 25\%, respectively. Moreover, a design analysis based on the experimental results has been carried out, to suggest possible improvements of the system. The obtained results demonstrated the possibility of employing a non-toxic refrigerant like ethanol reaching performance comparable with other harmful refrigerants like ammonia and methanol. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{Dawoud, author = {Dawoud, Belal}, title = {On the development of an innovative gas-fired heating appliance based on a zeolite-water adsorption heat pump; system description and seasonal gas utilization efficiency}, series = {Applied Thermal Engineering}, volume = {72}, journal = {Applied Thermal Engineering}, number = {2}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.09.008}, pages = {323 -- 330}, abstract = {The main objective of this work is to introduce an innovative hybrid heating appliance incorporating a gas condensing boiler and a zeolite-water adsorption heat pump. The condensing boiler is applied to drive the zeolite-water heat pump for the heating base-load and to assist the heat pump in the so called "mixed operation" mode, in which both the heat pump and the condensing boiler are working in series to cover medium heating demands. Peak heating demands are covered by the condensing boiler in the so called "direct heating" mode. The three operation modes of the hybrid heating appliance have been technically described. In addition, the laboratory test conditions for estimating the seasonal heating performance according to the German Guideline VDI 4650-2 have been introduced. For both heating systems 35/28 °C and 55/45 °C, which represent the typical operating conditions of floor and high temperature radiating heating systems in Europe, seasonal heating gas utilization efficiencies of 1.34 and 1.26 have been measured, respectively with a ground heat source. In two field test installations in one-family houses in Germany, the introduced heating appliance showed 27\% more seasonal gas utilization efficiency for heating and domestic hot water production, which is equivalent to a CO2-emission reduction of 20\% compared to the gas condensing boiler technology.}, language = {en} } @article{Rill2017, author = {Rill, Georg}, title = {Reducing the cornering resistance by torque vectoring (X International Conference on Structural Dynamics, EURODYN 2017)}, series = {Procedia Engineering}, volume = {199}, journal = {Procedia Engineering}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.proeng.2017.09.393}, pages = {3284 -- 3289}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Usually, torque vectoring is used to reduce a significant understeer behavior at high speed cornering. Thus, providing larger vehicles with a sportive touch. Even on typical front wheel driven cars torque vectoring control is available now. Torque vectoring is nearly a standard on electric driven vehicles. Complex control and optimization strategies are applied to improve the maneuverability in particular or to enhance the driving behavior and reduce the energy consumption in addition. This paper shows, that a quite simple strategy will enhance the maneuverability and simultaneously reduce the cornering resistance in sharp bends. At first, a case study with a fully non-linear and three-dimensional vehicle model is performed. It turned out that a full drive torque shift to the outer wheels improves the maneuverability and reduces the cornering resistance in addition. This results are verified by an optimization performed with a simpler four-wheeled handling model. Here, the front steering angles and the driving torques at each of the four wheels are considered as free parameters. Minimizing the cornering resistance by taking the equations of motion for the four-wheeled handling model as constraints will deliver an optimal set of parameters then.}, language = {en} } @article{BraunGebhardMatysiketal., author = {Braun, Peter and Gebhard, J{\"u}rgen and Matysik, Frank-Michael and Rabl, Hans-Peter}, title = {Potential Technical Approaches for Improving Low-Temperature NOx Conversion of Exhaust Aftertreatment Systems}, series = {Chemie Ingenieur Technik}, volume = {90}, journal = {Chemie Ingenieur Technik}, number = {6}, publisher = {WILEY-VCH}, doi = {10.1002/cite.201700122}, pages = {762 -- 773}, abstract = {Lean-burn engines, such as diesel engines, are widely used in mobile and stationary applications. Operation of lean-burn engines leads to formation of distinct amounts of nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2). Efficient aftertreatment is mandatory to meet legal requirements, especially at low exhaust temperatures, as for the future a decline of the exhaust temperature level can be predicted due to improved engine efficiencies. Within this review, potential technical solutions to enhance the DeNO(x)-aftertreatment efficiency at low exhaust temperatures are presented.}, language = {en} } @article{BarzSeligerMarxetal., author = {Barz, Tilman and Seliger, Dominik and Marx, Klemens and Sommer, Andreas and Walter, Sebastian F. and Bock, Hans Georg and Koerkel, Stefan}, title = {State and state of charge estimation for a latent heat storage}, series = {Control Engineering Practice}, volume = {72}, journal = {Control Engineering Practice}, publisher = {Pergamon-Elsevier d.}, doi = {10.1016/j.conengprac.2017.11.006}, pages = {151 -- 166}, abstract = {A nonlinear state observer is designed for a thermal energy storage with solid/liquid phase change material (PCM). Using a physical 2D dynamic model, the observer reconstructs transient spatial temperature fields inside the storage and estimates the stored energy and the state of charge. The observer has been successfully tested with a lab-scale latent heat storage with a single pass tube bundle and the phase change material located in a shell around each tube. It turns out that the observer robustly tracks the real process data with as few as four internal PCM temperature sensors. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{daSilvaMotaHinckelRoccoetal., author = {da Silva Mota, Fabio Antonio and Hinckel, Jose Nivaldo and Rocco, Evandro Marconi and Schlingloff, Hanfried}, title = {Trajectory Optimization of Launch Vehicles Using Object-oriented Programming}, series = {Journal of aerospace technology and management}, volume = {10}, journal = {Journal of aerospace technology and management}, publisher = {Institute of Aeronautics and Space}, doi = {10.5028/jatm.v10.948}, abstract = {The aim of this study is to model launch vehicles with focus on 3-DOF trajectory optimization using a modular approach. Despite the large number of operational launch vehicles, they usually consist of basic components and subsystems. In other words, a launch vehicle is an assembly of stages, which in turn is divided into propellant system and engine, and the engine is an assembly of basic components such as pumps, turbines, combustion chamber, and nozzle. To allow future extension and reuse of the codes, a modular structure using object-oriented programming is used. Two formulations of state equations of the trajectory and two optimization methods are described. The launch vehicle performance will be measured by payload mass for a given mission. The simulations of the VLS-1, Ariane 5 and VLS-Alfa were performed and showed good agreement with the literature.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MuehlbauerRablRottengruber, author = {M{\"u}hlbauer, Christian and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Rottengruber, Hermann}, title = {Akustische Optimierung von mechatronischen Direkteinspritzsystemen und Analyse der Auswirkungen auf die Robustheit im Systembetrieb}, series = {Motor- und Aggregate-Akustik: 11. Magdeburger Symposium, Tagungsband}, volume = {11}, booktitle = {Motor- und Aggregate-Akustik: 11. Magdeburger Symposium, Tagungsband}, publisher = {Otto-von-Guericke-Universit{\"a}t}, address = {Magdeburg}, doi = {10.25673/36611}, pages = {32 -- 51}, abstract = {The tightening of the emission legislation and political and social demands for sustainable mobility are forcing the automotive industry to develop complex, high precision mechatronic drive systems. The increasing precision of mechatronic components generally leads to an increase in structural excitation and thus to a rise in noise. The socalled ticking of the fuel injection system has a rather low sound pressure level compared to the residual engine noise. Nevertheless, the impulsive and high frequency noise character leads to a decline concerning the perception of comfort and sound quality. In order to identify the sound quality of fuel injection systems as a frontloading measure, a system test bench has been developed which represents the structureborne and airborne sound radiation of the stand-alone injection system in a close to series configuration. In this paper, measures for the acoustic optimization of injection systems and their effects on the robustness of the system are discussed. The focus is on engine idling, since at this operating point the ticking of the injectors and the high-pressure pump can be perceived most clearly due to the low masking effects of other noise sources. For this purpose, the injection parameters were measured during full engine operation and transferred to the system test bench. By using a special development control unit, it was possible to modify the parameters, quantify their influence on the acoustic behavior and, based on this, define NVH optimized control strategies. For the robustness evaluation of the NVH optimized control strategies, key functions of the injection system were analyzed under varying boundary conditions in system operation on an injection rate test bench.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{GrauvoglStauderHopfenspergeretal., author = {Grauvogl, Dominik and Stauder, Peter and Hopfensperger, Bernhard and Gerling, Dieter}, title = {Multiphysics Design of a Wound Field Synchronous Machine with Magnetic Asymmetry}, series = {Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE International Electric Machines \& Drives Conference (IEMDC): 17-20 May 2021, Hartford, CT, USA}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE International Electric Machines \& Drives Conference (IEMDC): 17-20 May 2021, Hartford, CT, USA}, doi = {10.1109/IEMDC47953.2021.9449564}, abstract = {In this paper a multiphysics development method is used for designing a novel wound field synchronous machine of the future generation of high voltage traction drives. This method covers the domains of electromagnetics, the mechanical strength, thermal behavior and the magnetic noise. It is shown that the proposed novel asymmetric design with a circular flux barrier in combination with an asymmetric pole offset is fulfilling the requirements according to performance and torque ripple. A fatigue strength rotor mechanic concept is included. A hybrid cooling concept consisting of a water jacket cooled stator and air cooled rotor ensures the needed continuous power. Unacceptable noise levels are excluded by investigating the equivalent radiated power (ERP) level due to radial forces in the air gap. Finally, the multi-physical workflow resulted in a fully developed component with a high degree of maturity.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MuehlbauerRablRottengruber, author = {M{\"u}hlbauer, Christian and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Rottengruber, Hermann}, title = {Akustische Analyse und Optimierung von mechatronischen Kraftstoffeinspritzsystemen}, series = {Tagungsband DAGA 2019 - 45. Jahrestagung f{\"u}r Akustik, 18.-21. M{\"a}rz 2019, Rostock}, booktitle = {Tagungsband DAGA 2019 - 45. Jahrestagung f{\"u}r Akustik, 18.-21. M{\"a}rz 2019, Rostock}, publisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Akustik}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-939296-14-0}, pages = {647 -- 650}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{RiegerMuehlbauerRabletal., author = {Rieger, Anna and M{\"u}hlbauer, Christian and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Weber, Rainer}, title = {Dissonanz als Bewertungskriterium multi-tonalen Schalls}, series = {Fortschritte der Akustik - DAGA 2020: 46. Deutsche Jahrestagung f{\"u}r Akustik}, booktitle = {Fortschritte der Akustik - DAGA 2020: 46. Deutsche Jahrestagung f{\"u}r Akustik}, publisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Akustik e.V.}, pages = {788 -- 791}, language = {de} } @article{Lermer, author = {Lermer, Josef}, title = {Optimierter Antriebsstrang und neuartiges Differenzial f{\"u}r einen Formula-Student-Rennwagen}, series = {ATZ-Extra}, volume = {20}, journal = {ATZ-Extra}, number = {Suppl 5}, publisher = {Springer Fachmedien GmbH}, doi = {10.1007/s35778-015-0071-4}, pages = {34 -- 39}, language = {de} } @article{GaertnerRablZink, author = {G{\"a}rtner, Uwe and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Zink, Uwe}, title = {Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment of the Future}, series = {MTZ worldwide}, volume = {79}, journal = {MTZ worldwide}, number = {7-8}, publisher = {Springer}, doi = {10.1007/s38313-018-0060-2}, pages = {70 -- 75}, language = {en} } @article{KuepperArtmannPischingeretal., author = {K{\"u}pper, Carsten and Artmann, Christina and Pischinger, Stefan and Rabl, Hans-Peter}, title = {Lube-Oil Dilution of GDI Engines with Ethanol Fuels}, series = {Auto Tech Review}, volume = {3}, journal = {Auto Tech Review}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer India}, address = {New Delhi}, doi = {10.1365/s40112-014-0570-5}, pages = {30 -- 35}, language = {en} }