@article{BraunDurnerRabletal., author = {Braun, Peter and Durner, Bernhard and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Matysik, Frank-Michael}, title = {Investigations on the decomposition of AdBlue urea in the liquid phase at low temperatures by an electrochemically induced pH shift}, series = {Monatshefte f{\"u}r Chemie}, volume = {150}, journal = {Monatshefte f{\"u}r Chemie}, number = {9}, publisher = {Springer}, doi = {10.1007/s00706-019-02406-6}, pages = {1633 -- 1641}, abstract = {Ammonia-based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems are the most widely used technology for reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions from lean-burn engines such as diesel engines. However, at low exhaust temperatures, the SCR process is limited by difficulties in the decomposition of the ammonia precursor urea, which is carried on-board using an aqueous solution "AdBlue". In this study, the decomposition of AdBlue urea induced by electrical current and the resulting associated pH shifts were investigated in a divided cell configuration in the liquid phase. The decomposition was found to be favored in both electrochemical compartments, anodic and cathodic, at temperatures of 60-80 degrees C compared to a reference without electrochemical treatment. In addition to the determination of ammonia contents using an ammonia sensor, IC/HPLC analyses were carried out for each sample. Different side products such as biuret, nitrate, cyanuric acid, ammelide, and others were formed. In the anodic compartment, nitrate formation could be observed due to oxidation of ammonia at the electrode surface. [GRAPHICS] .}, language = {en} } @misc{Weiss, author = {Weiss, Nils}, title = {Vulnerabilities of Connected Cars and beyond}, series = {Applied Research Colloquium, 2019, Universit{\`a} Padua, Italy}, journal = {Applied Research Colloquium, 2019, Universit{\`a} Padua, Italy}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SykoraDiamantidisMarkovaetal., author = {S{\´y}kora, Miroslav and Diamantidis, Dimitris and Markova, J. and Masciotta, Maria Giovanna}, title = {Optimizing in-situ testing for historic masonry structures: a case study}, series = {International Conference on Sustainable Materials, Systems and Structures (SMSS 2019) : Durability, Monitoring and Repair of Structures, 20-22 March 2019, Rovinj, Croatia}, booktitle = {International Conference on Sustainable Materials, Systems and Structures (SMSS 2019) : Durability, Monitoring and Repair of Structures, 20-22 March 2019, Rovinj, Croatia}, editor = {Baričević, Ana and Jelčić Rukavina, Marija and Damjanović, Domagoi and Guadagnini, Maurizio}, publisher = {RILEM Publications}, isbn = {978-1-5108-9296-5}, pages = {684 -- 691}, language = {en} } @article{SchwanzerRablLodersetal., author = {Schwanzer, Peter and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Loders, S. and Seifert, P. and Himmelstoss, S. and Gaderer, Matthias}, title = {Difference in the Tailpipe Particle Number by Consideration of Sub-23-nm Particles for Different Injection Settings of a GDI Engine}, series = {Emission control science and technology}, volume = {5}, journal = {Emission control science and technology}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1007/s40825-019-0114-1}, pages = {7 -- 22}, abstract = {The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristic of nanoparticles under consideration of sub-23-nm particles from a 1.8-l direct injection (DI) gasoline engine under stoichiometric air/fuel conditions in the exhaust gas system. For future CO2 challenges, the usage of DI-instead of port fuel injection (PFI)-gasoline engines is unavoidable. Therefore, a state of the art particle management program-particle number (PN) system, the Horiba SPCS (2100) with an integrated CPC (condensation particle counter), was recalibrated from a 50\% cutoff (D-50\%) at 23 nm down to a cutoff at 10 nm and the PCRF (particle concentration reduction factor) for sizes smaller than 23 nm was checked. Two different modal points, out of a representative Real Driving Emission (RDE) cycle, were investigated with both calibrations, D-50\%=10 nm and D-50\%=23 nm. For these different load points, the fuel pressure (FUP) and the start of injection (SOI) were varied, to represent the difference in the structure and the ratio conc((10 nm))/conc((23 nm)) of the nanoparticle emissions. The particle characterization includes the particle number (PN), the particle size distribution (PSD), and the particle mass (PM). The particle number was measured with Horiba SPCS (2100). The particle size distribution was analyzed with a Grimm differential mobility analyzer (DMA) in combination with a Faraday cup electrometer (FCE). Micro Soot and Pegasor were used to determine the PM, and an optical characterization was done with a 120-kV Phillips CM12 transmission electron microscope (TEM). The position of all particle measurement systems was downstream the three-way catalyst (TWC). The results of this investigation showed that a higher injection pressure decreases the PN (without consideration of sub-23-nm particles) in general. The ratio conc((10 nm))/conc((23 nm)) was therefore higher, because smaller particles, especially ash particles, were less reduced from the FUP. This means higher FUP tends to a higher ratio. For the SOI, the main reasons of the ratio differences were explained by an encroachment between the injection jet and the piston, the valve and the wall.}, language = {en} } @misc{AltmannRablGaderer, author = {Altmann, Robert and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Gaderer, Matthias}, title = {Ph{\"a}nomenologische Untersuchung des Einspritzverhaltens von Pflanzen{\"o}lkraftstoff}, series = {3. Tagung der Fuels Joint Research Group (FJRG) "Kraftstoffe f{\"u}r die Mobilit{\"a}t von Morgen"}, journal = {3. Tagung der Fuels Joint Research Group (FJRG) "Kraftstoffe f{\"u}r die Mobilit{\"a}t von Morgen"}, language = {de} } @article{HansenHoeblerPurretal., author = {Hansen, B. and Hoebler, Michael and Purr, S. and Meinhardt, J. and Merklein, M.}, title = {Basics for inline measurement of tribological conditions in series production of car body parts}, series = {IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering}, volume = {651}, journal = {IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, doi = {10.1088/1757-899x/651/1/012050}, abstract = {The quality of car body parts in series production is strongly dependent on the tribological behavior. Fluctuating material properties such as the sheet roughness and the amount of lubricant have an influence on the forming process. On the basis of large amounts of data it is possible to investigate the friction behavior in series production and to make process adjustments if required. Therefore, inline measurement systems have a great potential to detect the sheet roughness during the cutting process of blanks in the coil line. Furthermore, contactless systems are advantageous as they do not damage the surface. Nevertheless, the optical measuring is influenced by the lubricant layer on top of the surface. Therefore, the previously unknown impact of the lubricant on the measuring result is investigated. Within this study, stationary optical roughness measurements have been conducted using different amounts of lubricant on hot-dip galvanized EDT steel. The results demonstrate the influence of different amounts of lubricant on the sheet roughness measurement. Hence, it is possible to correct the inline measuring results and gain knowledge of fluctuating surface roughness. In addition, strip drawing test has been carried out to investigate the effect of fluctuating tribological conditions.}, language = {en} } @article{Briem, author = {Briem, Ulrich}, title = {Biegesteifigkeit von Drahtseilen}, series = {Technische Logistik}, journal = {Technische Logistik}, number = {11-12}, publisher = {Huss-Medien}, address = {Berlin}, pages = {24 -- 25}, language = {de} } @article{ChatzitakisSafarovOpferkuchetal., author = {Chatzitakis, Paris and Safarov, Javid and Opferkuch, F. and Dawoud, Belal}, title = {Experimental investigation of an absorption heat pump with organic working pairs}, series = {Applied Thermal Engineering}, volume = {163}, journal = {Applied Thermal Engineering}, number = {December}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114311}, abstract = {As part of a systematic approach towards the search for alternative absorption heat pump (AHP) working pairs that could potentially provide comparable performance to conventional ones, a previous work performed a detailed theoretical cycle analysis and simulation that revealed concrete correlations between key working fluid thermophysical properties and AHP performance indicators. Following this work, targeted combinations of two organic refrigerants, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) and 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanol (5FP) and two organic absorbents, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) and 2-pyrrolidone (PYR) were tested in a prototype 5 kW AHP, based on a highly compact plate heat exchanger design, which has been previously introduced. The purpose of this effort was to test the findings of the previous work with experimental measurements. The working pair combinations were also subjected to vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE) and viscosity measurements, in order to determine reliable activity coefficient and improve the accuracy of the simulations. The experimental performance data agree well with the COP simulations and show to be consistent with the conclusions derived from the previous theoretical work.}, language = {en} } @incollection{SternerThema, author = {Sterner, Michael and Thema, Martin}, title = {Comparison of Storage Systems}, series = {Handbook of Energy Storage}, volume = {6}, booktitle = {Handbook of Energy Storage}, editor = {Sterner, Michael and Stadler, Ingo}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin, Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-662-55503-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-55504-0_12}, pages = {637 -- 672}, abstract = {There are several approaches to classifying energy storage systems (see Chaps. 1 and 2). Storage systems are used in a large number of different technologies at various stages of development, and in a wide range of application areas (see Chaps. 3 to 5). This chapter compares the capabilities of the different storage systems using the following criteria:This comparison of storage systems also provides a convenient overview of the various storage systems and their capabilities.}, language = {en} } @article{KeinerBreyerSterner, author = {Keiner, Dominik and Breyer, Christian and Sterner, Michael}, title = {Coupling heat and electricity storage technologies for cost and self-consumption optimised residential PV prosumer systems in Germany}, series = {International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management}, volume = {21}, journal = {International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management}, publisher = {OJS/PKP}, doi = {10.5278/ijsepm.2019.21.4}, abstract = {Coupling energy sectors within the emerging residential PV prosumer systems is necessary for an optimised use of the houseowners' own produced electricity. But the pure availability of different energy technologies in the system is not enough. By optimising the electricity usage as well as the capacities of PV generators, storage technologies, heat pumps and battery electric vehicles, not only the best solution in a technical point of view can be achieved, the need of finding the most financially beneficial system composition for single-family houses and tenements is possible. The study provides a detailed model for average German single-family houses and tenements and results for the energy transition period until 2050 for the optimised energy systems regarding optimised PV and stationary battery capacities and different heat storage capacities. Most noticeable outcomes can be observed by using a vehicle-to-home car, where a car can mostly take over the tasks of a stationary battery and by introducing a solidarity model using this type of car in tenement systems.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RauchBrueckl, author = {Rauch, Johannes and Br{\"u}ckl, Oliver}, title = {Entwicklung eines Regelverfahrens f{\"u}r einen optimierten und zentralen Blindleistungsabruf zur Beeinflussung des Blindleistungshaushaltes von Mittelspannungsverteilungsnetzen unter Einhaltung von Netzrestriktionen}, series = {Zuk{\"u}nftige Stromnetze, 30.-31.Jan.2019, Berlin}, booktitle = {Zuk{\"u}nftige Stromnetze, 30.-31.Jan.2019, Berlin}, publisher = {Conexio}, address = {Pforzheim}, pages = {421 -- 437}, language = {de} } @misc{Sterner, author = {Sterner, Michael}, title = {Insight into Power-to-Gas/Liquids: a solution for sustainable transport besides e-mobility}, series = {Conference Low Carbon Transport - Engineering the Fuels of the Future (Institution of Mechanical Engineers), London 09.07.2019}, journal = {Conference Low Carbon Transport - Engineering the Fuels of the Future (Institution of Mechanical Engineers), London 09.07.2019}, publisher = {Institution of Mechanical Engineers}, address = {London}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KrausGschossmannBrueckl, author = {Kraus, Hermann and Gschoßmann, David and Br{\"u}ckl, Oliver}, title = {Automatisierung von Netzplanungsprozessen in der Verteilnetzebene - Q(U)- und cosj(P)-Blindleistungsregelung dezentraler Anlagen als spannungshaltende Netzausbaumaßnahmen}, series = {Tagungsband Zuk{\"u}nftige Stromnetze 2019, 30.-31.Jan.2019, Berlin}, booktitle = {Tagungsband Zuk{\"u}nftige Stromnetze 2019, 30.-31.Jan.2019, Berlin}, publisher = {Connexio}, address = {Pforzheim}, pages = {407 -- 420}, abstract = {Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit automatisierten Netzplanungsprozessen und gibt einen kurzen Einblick in das Entscheidungsunterst{\"u}tzungssystem, welches im EU-Projekt CrossEnergy entwickelt wird. Detaillierter wird aber auf die Konzipierung und Umsetzung eines automatisierten Einsatzes der Blindleistungsregelung von dezentralen Erzeugungs­ analgen eingegangen, die als spannungshaltende Netzausbaumaßnahme zur Verf{\"u}gung stehen. Die vorgestellten Methoden und Algorithmen fokussieren sich auf die Q(U)- und coscp(P)-Regelungsarten.}, language = {de} } @incollection{SternerEckertHenningetal., author = {Sterner, Michael and Eckert, Fabian and Henning, Hans-Martin and Trost, Tobias}, title = {Storage Demand in the Transport and Chemical Sector}, series = {Handbook of Energy Storage}, booktitle = {Handbook of Energy Storage}, editor = {Sterner, Michael and Stadler, Ingo}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin, Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-662-55503-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-55504-0_5}, pages = {165 -- 188}, abstract = {In the transport sector, energy transition is still in its beginnings: shares of renewable fuels are at 5\% and are, with the exception of a small percentage in electrical rail transport, almost entirely restricted to biofuel. The transport sector, i.e., road, air, shipping, and rail traffic, consumes around 30\% of all final energy in Germany and its dependency of over 90\% on petroleum is still very high. As a result, its shares in greenhouse gas emissions are at 20\%. The necessary structural change in mobility, based on energy transition, is closely linked to the question of operating energy and of energy storage also. Aside from vehicles directly powered by wind or solar energy, mobility without storage is not possible: fuel tanks in cars, gas stations, and airplanes are omnipresent. The focus of the considerations on storage demand in the transport sector is on the question of how these storages can be used with renewable energies via bio and synthetic fuels, and on the question of how much storage is necessary for these new drive technologies, such as e-mobility. Before this, mobility needs today and in future need to be examined. In the chemical sector, the situation is very much alike: there is a great dependency on fossil resources, and decarbonization is inevitable to achieve ambitious climate goals. The structural change to convert and store renewable electricity as primary energy via power-to-X (PtX) represents a storage demand. First estimates will conclude this chapter.}, language = {en} } @incollection{SternerBreuerDreesetal., author = {Sterner, Michael and Breuer, Christopher and Drees, Tim and Eckert, Fabian and Maaz, Andreas and Pape, Carsten and Rotering, Niklas and Thema, Martin}, title = {Storage Demand in Power Supply}, series = {Handbook of Energy Storage}, booktitle = {Handbook of Energy Storage}, editor = {Sterner, Michael and Stadler, Ingo}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin, Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-662-55503-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-55504-0_3}, pages = {51 -- 136}, abstract = {Energy storage systems (in the past as well as today) are one significant part in the energy supply. The following three chapters describe how storage demand will develop in the future for the electricity, heat, and traffic sectors, as well as for non-energetic consumption of fossil resources (the chemical industry). Chapter 3, the core of this section on storage demand, makes clear how and why the electricity sector is the nucleus of the energy supply of all sectors and why it creates essential bridges between electricity, heat, and transport sectors, as well as with the chemical industry. If planned electricity network expansion takes place and flexibilities in generation and consumption are fully exploited, the demand for electricity storage, according to present estimates, will only reach a significant scale at 60-80\% shares of renewable energy in the power supply. Network expansion has a great impact on the storage demand, as well as flexible power generation in power plants, combined heat and power (CHP), and flexible consumption via demand-side management (DSM). Four studies in the context of storage demand and the role of energy storage systems for flexibility are comprehensively addressed. The authors and the co-authors were themselves participants in these studies, which will be complemented by ongoing research. A meta-study summary of the main results is shown in Abschn. 3.7, and these results are compared with seven further studies.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Sterner, author = {Sterner, Michael}, title = {Energy Storage Through the Ages}, series = {Handbook of Energy Storage}, booktitle = {Handbook of Energy Storage}, editor = {Sterner, Michael and Stadler, Ingo}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin, Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-662-55503-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-55504-0_1}, pages = {3 -- 22}, abstract = {Human beings have relied on stored energy since time immemorial. The planet's first mechanism for storing energy arose two billion years ago. Photosynthesis captures solar energy in chemical bonds; it is a process on which all life depends. With the discovery of fire around one-and-a-half million years ago, early man learned to access this stored energy by burning wood. Only since the Industrial Revolution have humans used fossil fuels, which are the results of biomass produced millions of years ago, then subjected to geological processes. Today, the long-term objective is to utilize sustainable biomass storage, replicate it by technical means, and to develop new storage technologies. This chapter is about the history of energy storage as it pertains to the carbon cycle. It begins with a natural energy storage system—photosynthesis—and examines its products biomass, peat, and fossil fuels before turning to storage technology in the era of renewable energies. It will also discuss how stored energy is used. This chapter focuses on natural biogenic and fossil energy storage. Other chapters are devoted to artificial storage technologies, including batteries, pumped-storage, and power-to-gas (PtG). Each begins with a short history of its respective technology.}, language = {en} } @incollection{SternerStadlerEckertetal., author = {Sterner, Michael and Stadler, Ingo and Eckert, Fabian and Gerhardt, Norman and von Olshausen, Christian and Thema, Martin and Trost, Tobias}, title = {Storage Integration for Coupling Different Energy Sectors}, series = {Handbook of Energy Storage}, booktitle = {Handbook of Energy Storage}, editor = {Sterner, Michael and Stadler, Ingo}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin, Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-662-55503-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-55504-0_14}, pages = {757 -- 803}, abstract = {Electricity is becoming the primary source of energy, a trend that is particularly apparent through the coupling of the electricity sector with other energy sectors. In addition to the established links between the electricity and heating sectors using combined heat and power (CHP), which is supplemented by electric heat-pumps and power-to-heat (PtH), other new links are also emerging. These links are manifesting in the form of electro-mobility and electric fuels in the electricity and transport sectors; and in the electricity and gas sector they are appearing in the form of power-to-gas (PtG). The production of basic chemical materials such as methanol or polymers using electrical energy, water, and CO2 will also play a role in the future. However, the latter will not be dealt with explicitly here. Instead we will consider in detail other aspects of electricity as a primary energy source and its integration and application for energy storage.}, language = {en} } @incollection{SternerStadlerEckertetal., author = {Sterner, Michael and Stadler, Ingo and Eckert, Fabian and Thema, Martin}, title = {Storage Integration in Individual Energy Sectors}, series = {Handbook of Energy Storage}, booktitle = {Handbook of Energy Storage}, editor = {Sterner, Michael and Stadler, Ingo}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin, Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-662-55503-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-55504-0_13}, pages = {675 -- 755}, abstract = {How is energy storage integrated and currently implemented in the electricity supply, heating supply, and mobility sectors? This chapter provides both theoretical and practical answers to that question. The chapter focuses on the integration of renewable energy. Cross-sectoral energy storage systems that link the electricity, heating, and mobility sectors are discussed in Kap. 14. This chapter focuses on storage integration in the electricity sector. After considering stand-alone networks, the chapter uses practical examples to analyze the various storage applications in the European network. The chapter concludes with a discussion of storage integration in the heating and transportation sectors.}, language = {en} } @incollection{SternerBauer, author = {Sterner, Michael and Bauer, Franz}, title = {Definition and Classification of Energy Storage Systems}, series = {Handbook of Energy Storage}, booktitle = {Handbook of Energy Storage}, editor = {Sterner, Michael and Stadler, Ingo}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin, Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-662-55503-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-55504-0_2}, pages = {23 -- 47}, abstract = {Energy supply always requires energy storage—either as an intrinsic property or as additional system. It is an intrinsic property of solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels, although less so of water-borne heat, but not of electricity. So to meet variable demands and supplies, heat and electricity networks usually require additional storage systems. When they are added to an energy network, should they be viewed as 'suppliers' or as 'consumers'? Who is responsible for covering the costs of storage systems? To categorize storage systems in the energy sector, they first need to be carefully defined. This chapter defines storage as well as storage systems, describes their use, and then classifies storage systems according to temporal, spatial, physical, energy-related, and economic criteria.}, language = {de} } @article{ThemaThema, author = {Thema, Johannes and Thema, Martin}, title = {Nachnutzungskonzept: Braunkohle-Tagebaue als Pumpspeicherkraftwerk?}, series = {Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen - et : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Energiewirtschaft, Recht, Technik und Umwelt}, volume = {69}, journal = {Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen - et : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Energiewirtschaft, Recht, Technik und Umwelt}, number = {4}, publisher = {ETV Energieverl.}, address = {Essen}, pages = {38 -- 39}, abstract = {Der Anteil fluktuierender erneuerbarer Energien im deutschen Strommix steigt. Um die Netzstabilit{\"a}t zu erhalten, Fluktuationen im Dargebot nach Wetterlage und saisonal auszugleichen sind absehbar ab ca. 2030 große Stromspeicherkapazit{\"a}ten erforderlich. Wasser-Pumpspeicherwerke sind derzeit die einzige langj{\"a}hrig erprobte Technologie, die k{\"u}nftig in Braunkohletagebauen, welche im Zuge der Energiewende aufgegeben werden, errichtet werden k{\"o}nnten. Eine {\"U}berschlagsrechnung am Beispiel eines Pumpspeicherwerks in verschiedenen Tagebauen zeigt, dass diese mit bis zu 400 GWh ein signifikantes technisches Speicherpotenzial haben.}, language = {de} } @incollection{SternerBauerHofrichter, author = {Sterner, Michael and Bauer, Franz and Hofrichter, Andreas}, title = {Systemanalyse von Power-to-X-Pfaden - Ergebnisse des Satellitenprojektes "SPIKE"}, series = {Optionen f{\"u}r ein nachhaltiges Energiesystem mit Power-to-X Technologien : Nachhaltigkeitseffekte - Potenziale Entwicklungsm{\"o}glichkeiten; 2. Roadmap des Kopernikus-Projektes "Power-to-X": Flexible Nutzung erneuerbarer Ressourcen (P2X)}, booktitle = {Optionen f{\"u}r ein nachhaltiges Energiesystem mit Power-to-X Technologien : Nachhaltigkeitseffekte - Potenziale Entwicklungsm{\"o}glichkeiten; 2. Roadmap des Kopernikus-Projektes "Power-to-X": Flexible Nutzung erneuerbarer Ressourcen (P2X)}, editor = {Ausfelder, Florian and Dura, Hanna Ewy}, publisher = {DECHEMA Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Chemische Technik und Biotechnologie e.V}, address = {Frankfurt am Main}, isbn = {978-3-89746-218-2}, pages = {145 -- 153}, language = {de} } @incollection{SternerBauerCrotoginoetal., author = {Sterner, Michael and Bauer, Franz and Crotogino, Fritz and Eckert, Fabian and von Olshausen, Christian and Teichmann, Daniel and Thema, Martin}, title = {Chemical Energy Storage}, series = {Handbook of Energy Storage}, booktitle = {Handbook of Energy Storage}, editor = {Sterner, Michael and Stadler, Ingo}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin, Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-662-55503-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-55504-0_8}, pages = {325 -- 482}, abstract = {Purely electrical energy storage technologies are very efficient, however they are also very expensive and have the smallest capacities. Electrochemical-energy storage reaches higher capacities at smaller costs, but at the expense of efficiency. This pattern continues in a similar way for chemical-energy storage. In terms of capacities, the limits of batteries (accumulators) are reached when low-loss long-term storage is of need. Chemical-energy storage and stocking fulfills these requirements completely. The storing itself may be subject to significant efficiency losses, but, from today's point of view and in combination with the existing gas and fuel infrastructure, it is the only national option with regards to the long-term storage of renewable energies. Chemical-energy storage is the backbone of today's conventional energy supply. Solid (wood and coal), liquid (mineral oil), and gaseous (natural gas) energy carriers are 'energy storages' themselves, and are stored using different technologies. In the course of energy transition, chemical-energy storage will be of significant importance, mainly as long-term storage for the power sector, but also in the form of combustibles and fuels for transport and heat. Not only are conventional storing technologies discussed within this chapter, but a detailed explanation is also given about the storage of renewable energies in the form of gaseous (power-to-gas, PtG) and liquid (power-to-liquid, PtL) energy carriers for electricity, heat, chemicals, and in the form of synthetic fuels.}, language = {en} } @incollection{SternerEckertGerhardtetal., author = {Sterner, Michael and Eckert, Fabian and Gerhardt, Norman and Henning, Hans-Martin and Palzer, Andreas}, title = {Heating Supply Storage Requirements}, series = {Handbook of Energy Storage}, booktitle = {Handbook of Energy Storage}, editor = {Sterner, Michael and Stadler, Ingo}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin, Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-662-55503-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-55504-0_4}, pages = {137 -- 163}, abstract = {Unlike the electricity sector, heating and cooling storage requirements have attracted little public attention. This is because these storage requirements have generally already been met, and will not change significantly in the future. In the electricity sector by contrast, there will be a significant shift from primary energy storage to electricity and final energy storage. Both sectors have remarkably high storage requirements. Almost all households have thermal buffers. The same is true of renewable energy heating systems such as pellet heating, geothermal, or solar-thermal systems. Some households with liquid gas or oil heating even have two storage units: a fuel tank and a thermal buffer. Exceptions include heating systems with upstream storage such as district heating or gas storage. In the future, integration of the electricity and heating sectors by combined heat and power (CHP) generation, heat pumps, power-to-heat (PtH), and power-to-gas (PtG) will facilitate the use of renewable energy, and lead to a paradigm shift. Relying on results from various studies, this chapter examines the development of heating supply in Germany and the resulting thermal storage requirements. The chapter's later sections provide surplus and storage potential estimates. Cooling requirements are included as 'process cooling' under 'process heat', and as 'air-conditioning' over 'room heating'. It is primarily integrated into electricity demand.}, language = {en} } @incollection{StadlerBauerBudtetal., author = {Stadler, Ingo and Bauer, Franz and Budt, Marcus and Heindl, Eduard and Wolf, Daniel}, title = {Mechanical Energy Storage}, series = {Handbook of Energy Storage}, booktitle = {Handbook of Energy Storage}, editor = {Sterner, Michael and Stadler, Ingo}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, address = {Berlin, Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-662-55503-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-55504-0_9}, pages = {483 -- 561}, abstract = {Chemical-energy storage systems use caverns, porous storage facilities, tanks, and storage rooms to store chemical energy sources. Caverns, caves, and reservoirs can also be used to store gaseous media such as air, liquid media such as water, and solid media such as rock. The principles of mechanical energy storage are based on classical Newtonian mechanics, or in other words on fundamental physics from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. As a result, these types of storage are typically divided into two categories; storage of kinetic and potential energy, or storage of 'pressure energy'. In this chapter, storage media is categorized by its aggregate state, and described by its function and application: first compressed air energy storage and then conventional electricity storage—pumped-storage plants. The chapter continues with a discussion of innovative methods of storing potential energy using water as a medium. These include artificially constructed pumped storage, pumped storage in the open sea, dam storage on rivers, pumped storage on heaps in repurposed mining areas, underfloor or underground pumped storage, and surface mine storage. The chapter concludes with a description of classical and modern flywheel energy storage systems. This age-old technology is then compared with a new concept: mechanical stored energy exploiting both pumped storage and change in the potential energy of rocks or large boulders.}, language = {en} } @incollection{StadlerEckert, author = {Stadler, Ingo and Eckert, Fabian}, title = {Load Management as an Energy Storage System}, series = {Handbook of Energy Storage}, booktitle = {Handbook of Energy Storage}, editor = {Sterner, Michael and Stadler, Ingo}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin, Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-662-55503-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-55504-0_11}, pages = {611 -- 636}, abstract = {Chapters 6 to 9 focused on storage systems that store electric energy in a range of forms, and then release the energy again as electric energy. Chapter 10 discussed the use of thermal-energy storage (TES) systems for thermal management. This chapter examines management methods. These methods use processes that typically convert electric energy into another form of final energy that can also be stored. This form of energy is often thermal energy. But unlike with the systems discussed in previous chapters, here the energy stored is not converted back into electricity. Instead, the energy is used and stored in the same form. From the point of view of the energy supply system, these management methods perform exactly the same function as energy storage systems. This chapter discusses load-management in general, then potential uses of load-management, and finally, current trends.}, language = {en} } @misc{OPUS4-3815, title = {Handbook of Energy Storage}, editor = {Sterner, Michael and Stadler, Ingo}, edition = {Translation of 2nd German edition Sterner, „Stadler Energiespeicher - Bedarf, Technologien, Integration"}, publisher = {Springer-Nature}, address = {Heidelberg, Berlin, New York}, isbn = {978-3-662-55503-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-55504-0}, abstract = {There are several approaches to classifying energy storage systems (see Chaps. 1 and 2). Storage systems are used in a large number of different technologies at various stages of development, and in a wide range of application areas (see Chaps. 3 to 5). This chapter compares the capabilities of the different storage systems using the following criteria:This comparison of storage systems also provides a convenient overview of the various storage systems and their capabilities.}, language = {en} } @misc{ThemaBellackWeidlichetal., author = {Thema, Martin and Bellack, Annett and Weidlich, Tobias and Huber, Harald and Karl, J{\"u}rgen and Sterner, Michael}, title = {Optimierung biologischer CO2-Methanisierung im Rieselbett-Reaktor}, series = {4. Regensburger Energiekongress, Regensburg 26.-27.02.2019}, journal = {4. Regensburger Energiekongress, Regensburg 26.-27.02.2019}, language = {de} } @misc{ThemaBauerSterner, author = {Thema, Martin and Bauer, Franz and Sterner, Michael}, title = {Power-to-Gas world status report}, series = {International Renewable Energy Storage Conference, D{\"u}sseldorf 14.-16.03.2019}, journal = {International Renewable Energy Storage Conference, D{\"u}sseldorf 14.-16.03.2019}, language = {de} } @misc{Sterner, author = {Sterner, Michael}, title = {Sektorenkopplung mit Solarstrom: Theorie und Praxis}, series = {17. Nationale Photovoltaik-Tagung, Kursaal Bern, Schweiz 26.03.2019}, journal = {17. Nationale Photovoltaik-Tagung, Kursaal Bern, Schweiz 26.03.2019}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{ThemaBellackWeidlichetal., author = {Thema, Martin and Bellack, Annett and Weidlich, Tobias and Huber, Harald and Karl, J{\"u}rgen and Sterner, Michael}, title = {Optimizing biological CO2-methanation in a trickle-bed reactor}, series = {6th International Conference on Renewable Energy Gas Technology, 20-21 May 2019, Malm{\"o}, Sweden. Conference proceedings}, booktitle = {6th International Conference on Renewable Energy Gas Technology, 20-21 May 2019, Malm{\"o}, Sweden. Conference proceedings}, editor = {Held, J{\"o}rgen}, publisher = {Renewable Energy Technology International AB}, address = {Lund, Sweden}, pages = {93 -- 94}, language = {en} } @misc{SternerThema, author = {Sterner, Michael and Thema, Martin}, title = {Technologies status and perspectives of Power-to-Gas in connection with seasonal underground storage}, series = {European Workshop on Underground Energy Storage, Paris 07.11.2019}, journal = {European Workshop on Underground Energy Storage, Paris 07.11.2019}, language = {en} } @article{KahlKrauseHackenbergetal., author = {Kahl, Matthias and Krause, Veronika and Hackenberg, Rudolf and Ul Haq, Anwar and Horn, Anton and Jacobsen, Hans-Arno and Kriechbaumer, Thomas and Petzenhauser, Michael and Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail and Udalzow, Anton}, title = {Measurement system and dataset for in-depth analysis of appliance energy consumption in industrial environment}, series = {tm - Technisches Messen}, volume = {86}, journal = {tm - Technisches Messen}, number = {1}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, doi = {10.1515/teme-2018-0038}, pages = {1 -- 13}, abstract = {To support a rational and efficient use of electrical energy in residential and industrial environments, Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) provides several techniques to identify state and power consumption profiles of connected appliances. Design requirements for such systems include a low hardware and installations costs for residential, reliability and high-availability for industrial purposes, while keeping invasive interventions into the electrical infrastructure to a minimum. This work introduces a reference hardware setup that allows an in depth analysis of electrical energy consumption in industrial environments. To identify appliances and their consumption profile, appropriate identification algorithms are developed by the NILM community. To enable an evaluation of these algorithms on industrial appliances, we introduce the Laboratory-measured IndustriaL Appliance Characteristics (LILAC) dataset: 1302 measurements from one, two, and three concurrently running appliances of 15 appliance types, measured with the introduced testbed. To allow in-depth appliance consumption analysis, measurements were carried out with a sampling rate of 50 kHz and 16-bit amplitude resolution for voltage and current signals. We show in experiments that signal signatures, contained in the measurement data, allows one to distinguish the single measured electrical appliances with a baseline machine learning approach of nearly 100\% accuracy.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HaslbeckRauchBrueckletal., author = {Haslbeck, Matthias and Rauch, Johannes and Br{\"u}ckl, Oliver and B{\"a}smann, Rainer and G{\"u}nther, Andreas and Rietsche, Hansj{\"o}rg and Tempelmeier, Achim}, title = {Blindleistungsmanagement in Mittelspannungsnetzen}, series = {Zuk{\"u}nftige Stromnetze 2019, 30.-31.Jan.2019, Berlin}, booktitle = {Zuk{\"u}nftige Stromnetze 2019, 30.-31.Jan.2019, Berlin}, pages = {170 -- 182}, abstract = {Die Energiewende f{\"u}hrt zu neuen Herausforderungen f{\"u}r Verteilungsnetzbetreiber hinsichtlich der Erbringung von Systemdienstleistungen, der Integrationsf{\"a}higkeit weiterer Erzeugungsanlagen und Lasten sowie bei der Gew{\"a}hrleistung einer hohen Versorgungssicherheit. Die Deckung der steigenden Blindleistungsbedarfe seitens der Netzbetriebsmittel, Verbraucher und Erzeuger gewinnt durch den Wegfall der Großkraftwerke f{\"u}r Netzbetreiber zunehmend an Bedeutung.Das abgeschlossene und vom BMWi gef{\"o}rderte Projekt SyNErgie (Laufzeit von 03/2015 bis 05/2018) besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit der Entwicklung von Blindleistungsmanagementsystemen f{\"u}r Mittelspannungsnetze (MS-Netze). Ziel dabeiist es, das bisher ungenutzte, freie Blindleistungspotenzial betrieblicher Kompensationsanlagen und dezentraler Erzeugungsanlagen (allg.: Q-Quellen) zu nutzen, um die Blindleistungs{\"a}nderungsf{\"a}higkeit 1 eines Verteilungsnetzes zu erh{\"o}hen. Diese Ver{\"o}ffentlichung stellt ausgew{\"a}hlte Einzelergebnisse und Erfahrungen des Projektes vor, welche u. a. {\"u}ber zahlreiche Messungen inMS-Netzen bei Firmen mit Anschlusspunkt in der MS-Ebene, Netzsimulationen und mathematische Modelle abgeleitet wurden.}, language = {de} } @article{ThemaWeidlichHoerletal., author = {Thema, Martin and Weidlich, Tobias and H{\"o}rl, Manuel and Bellack, Annett and M{\"o}rs, Friedemann and Hackl, Florian and Kohlmayer, Matthias and Gleich, Jasmin and Stabenau, Carsten and Trabold, Thomas and Neubert, Michael and Ortloff, Felix and Brotsack, Raimund and Schmack, Doris and Huber, Harald and Hafenbradl, Doris and Karl, J{\"u}rgen and Sterner, Michael}, title = {Biological CO2-Methanation: An Approach to Standardization}, series = {Energies}, volume = {12}, journal = {Energies}, number = {9}, publisher = {MDPI}, doi = {10.3390/en12091670}, pages = {1 -- 32}, abstract = {Power-to-Methane as one part of Power-to-Gas has been recognized globally as one of the key elements for the transition towards a sustainable energy system. While plants that produce methane catalytically have been in operation for a long time, biological methanation has just reached industrial pilot scale and near-term commercial application. The growing importance of the biological method is reflected by an increasing number of scientific articles describing novel approaches to improve this technology. However, these studies are difficult to compare because they lack a coherent nomenclature. In this article, we present a comprehensive set of parameters allowing the characterization and comparison of various biological methanation processes. To identify relevant parameters needed for a proper description of this technology, we summarized existing literature and defined system boundaries for Power-to-Methane process steps. On this basis, we derive system parameters providing information on the methanation system, its performance, the biology and cost aspects. As a result, three different standards are provided as a blueprint matrix for use in academia and industry applicable to both, biological and catalytic methanation. Hence, this review attempts to set the standards for a comprehensive description of biological and chemical methanation processes.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MalzSteffensKrenkel, author = {Malz, Sebastian and Steffens, Oliver and Krenkel, Walter}, title = {Solaraktive Fassaden im Bestandsbau}, series = {Bauphysiktage 2019 in Weimar - Bauphysik in Forschung und Praxis, 25. und 26. September 2019, Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, booktitle = {Bauphysiktage 2019 in Weimar - Bauphysik in Forschung und Praxis, 25. und 26. September 2019, Bauhaus-Universit{\"a}t Weimar}, editor = {V{\"o}lker, Conrad and Kornadt, Oliver and Jentsch, Mark and Vogel, Albert}, isbn = {978-3-00-063821-3}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-20464}, pages = {127 -- 129}, abstract = {Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes MAGGIE, das am Beispiel des historischen Quartiers Margaretenau in Regensburg innovative L{\"o}sungen f{\"u}r modernes und bezahlbares Wohnen erforscht, soll {\"u}ber eine solaraktive Fassade Sonnenw{\"a}rme im Bestandsmauerwerk eingespeichert werden, um so den Energiebedarf des Geb{\"a}udes zu reduzieren.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KrausBrueckl, author = {Kraus, Hermann and Br{\"u}ckl, Oliver}, title = {Concept for the Use of an Automated Network-Planning in the Distribution Grid Level with Coordination of Various Grid Expansion Measures}, series = {NEIS 2019 : Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems, Hamburg 19.09.2019 - 20.09.2019}, booktitle = {NEIS 2019 : Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems, Hamburg 19.09.2019 - 20.09.2019}, editor = {Schulz, Detlef}, isbn = {978-3-8007-5152-5}, pages = {161 -- 165}, abstract = {In this thesis, a concept for the automated use of network planning processes, which is part of the decision support system developed in the framework of the EU project CrossEnergy, is presented. This publication focuses on the automatic processing of input data and subsequent network modeling as well as the coordination of network extension measures for the systematic solution of static voltage and current problems. Different variants are calculated in order to be able to compare the design technologies.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LangSteinbornSteffensetal., author = {Lang, Christian and Steinborn, Florian and Steffens, Oliver and Lang, Elmar Wolfgang}, title = {Electricity Load Forecasting - An Evaluation of Simple 1D-CNN Network Structures}, series = {International Conference on Time Series and Forecasting (ITISE 2019), Proceedings of Papers Vol. 2, 25-27 September 2019, Granada (Spain)}, booktitle = {International Conference on Time Series and Forecasting (ITISE 2019), Proceedings of Papers Vol. 2, 25-27 September 2019, Granada (Spain)}, isbn = {978-84-17970-78-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-16649}, pages = {797 -- 806}, abstract = {This paper presents a convolutional neural network (CNN)which can be used for forecasting electricity load profiles 36 hours intothe future. In contrast to well established CNN architectures, the inputdata is one-dimensional. A parameter scanning of network parameters isconducted in order to gain information about the influence of the kernelsize, number of filters, and dense size. The results show that a goodforecast quality can already be achieved with basic CNN architectures.The method works not only for smooth sum loads of many hundredconsumers, but also for the load of apartment buildings}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Briem, author = {Briem, Ulrich}, title = {Fatigue Behaviour of Rope Wires}, series = {Proceedings of the OIPEEC Conference, La Rochelle, France, 12th - 15th March 2019}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the OIPEEC Conference, La Rochelle, France, 12th - 15th March 2019}, editor = {Dohm, Martin}, publisher = {OIPEEC}, abstract = {The rope curve line of a tensioned rope can be described by means of the catenary curve. Opposed to that, the curved line of a free bent rope cannot be described by an analytical function. Practical applications of free bending are for example at tail ropes at the bottom of shaft in rope drives with traction sheaves. The question whether the maximum diameter of rope loop is small enough for the diameter of the shaft is highly interesting. In [1] a method was presented to calculate the curved line of free bent ropes numerically by help of energy methods. An analytical description of rope curve line would be very helpful. Beginning with the structure of a rope curve line of tensioned rope (catenary curve) and considering the influence of bending stiffness, the structure of an analytical equation for the curve line of a free bent rope will be developed. The main focus of this paper is to develop and to describe the structure of such an analytical equation. To get a first idea about the values of the constants in that analytical equation a few test results were evaluated. But these equations consider the static rope behavior only. Due to dynamic effects in the rope while running through the loop at the bottom of a shaft, pendulousness of the tail rope occurs.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BuschmannBriem, author = {Buschmann, Knut and Briem, Ulrich}, title = {Ultra Deep Temperature Behaviour of Wire Rope and Rope Wires}, series = {Proceedings of the OIPEEC Conference, La Rochelle, France, 12th - 15th March 2019}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the OIPEEC Conference, La Rochelle, France, 12th - 15th March 2019}, editor = {Dohm, Martin}, abstract = {Mobile cranes are regularly operated in regions which experience ultra deep operating temperatures of down to -60?C (-76?F). In safety regulated work environments crane operations will be suspended simply because the lowest wire rope working temperature stated in the applicable standards is -40?C/F. Examples of ultra deep temperature wire rope application are shown in Figure 1.1 and 1.3. It should be noted that this paper is written in conjunction with a paper written by the co-author Ulrich Briem titled "Fatigue Behaviour of Rope Wires", presented and published in unison with this one. In order to analyze the behaviour under ultra deep temperature conditions, tests on wire rope as well as on rope wires were carried out. In the following, static tensile and bending test results with rope and rope wires will be reported, which were carried out in conditions of down to -95?C (-139?F) as well as at room temperature. The conclusion is that the results of these tests can be adopted to crane wire rope as well.}, language = {en} } @article{KeimMarxNonnetal., author = {Keim, Vincent and Marx, P. and Nonn, Aida and M{\"u}nstermann, Sebastian}, title = {Fluid-structure-interaction modeling of dynamic fracture propagation in pipelines transporting natural gases and CO2-mixtures}, series = {International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping}, volume = {175}, journal = {International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping}, number = {August}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijpvp.2019.103934}, abstract = {As part of current design standards, the Battelle Two-Curve Model (BTCM) is still widely used to predict and secure ductile crack arrest in gas transmission pipelines. For modern linepipe steels and rich natural gases or CO2 mixtures, the BTCM might lead to incorrect predictions. On the one hand, it suffers from the insufficient description of the individual physical processes in the pipe material and fluid itself. Furthermore, the model does not account for fluid-structure-interaction (FSI) effects during simultaneous running-ductile fracture (RDF) and mixture decompression. Numerical FSI models allow for a more sophisticated, coupled analysis of the driving forces for the failure of pipelines. This paper deals with the development of an FSI model for the coupled prediction of 3D pressure profiles acting on the inner pipe wall during crack propagation. The coupled Euler-Lagrange (CEL) method is used to link the fluid and structure models. In a Lagrange formulation, the modified Bai-Wierzbicki (MBW) model describes the plastic deformation and ductile fracture as a function of the underlying stress/strain conditions. The fluid behavior is calculated in a 3D model space by Euler equations and the GERG-2008 reference equation of state (EOS). The coupled CEL model is used to predict the RDF in small-diameter pipe sections for different fluid mixtures. The calculated 3D pressure distributions ahead and behind the running crack tip (CT) significantly differ in axial and circumferential directions depending on the mixture composition. The predicted FSI between the pipe wall and fluid decompression in 3D CEL/FSI model provides reliable knowledge about the pressure loading of the pipeline during RDF.}, subject = {Fluid-Struktur-Wechselwirkung}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{CarrilloLiSchorrKaufholdetal., author = {Carrillo Li, Enrique Roberto and Schorr, Philipp and Kaufhold, Tobias and Rodr{\´i}guez Hern{\´a}ndez, Jorge Antonio and Zentner, Lena and Zimmermann, Klaus and B{\"o}hm, Valter}, title = {Kinematic analysis of the rolling locomotion of mobile robots based on tensegrity structures with spatially curved compressed components}, series = {Applicable Solutions in Non-Linear Dynamical Systems; 15th International Conference "Dynamical Systems - Theory and Applications" (DSTA 2019, 2-5 December, 2019, Lodz, Poland}, booktitle = {Applicable Solutions in Non-Linear Dynamical Systems; 15th International Conference "Dynamical Systems - Theory and Applications" (DSTA 2019, 2-5 December, 2019, Lodz, Poland}, editor = {Awrejcewicz, Jan and Ka{\'{z}}mierczak, Markek and Olejnik, Paweł}, publisher = {Wydawnictwo Politechniki Ł{\´o}dzkiej}, address = {Ł{\´o}d{\'{z}}, Polen}, isbn = {978-83-66287-30-3}, pages = {335 -- 344}, abstract = {In this work, a tensegrity structure with spatially curved members is applied as rolling locomotion system. The actuation of the structure allows a variation of the originally cylindrical shape to a conical shape. Moreover, the structure is equipped with internal movable masses to control the position of the center of mass of the structure. To control the locomotion system a reliable actuation strategy is required. Therefore, the kinematics of the system considering the nonholonomic constraints are derived in this paper. Based on the resulting insight in the locomotion behavior a feasible actuation strategy is designed to control the trajectory of the system. To verify this approach kinematic analyses are evaluated numerically. The simulation data confirm the path following due to an appropriate shape change of the tensegrity structure. Thus, this system enables a two-dimensional rolling locomotion. The use of mechanically compliant tensegrity structures in mobile robots is an attractive research topic, due to the possibility to adjust their mechanical properties reversibly during locomotion. In this paper rolling locomotion of mobile robots based on simple tensegrity structures, consisting of three compressed spatially curved members connected to a continuous net of prestressed tensional members, is discussed. Planar locomotion of these robots is induced by the movement of internal masses. The movement direction can be changed by changing the robot's shape between a cylinder and a truncated cone. The paper focuses on the description of the kinematics of these systems with respect to the shape change.}, language = {en} } @article{KeimNonnMuenstermann, author = {Keim, Vincent and Nonn, Aida and M{\"u}nstermann, Sebastian}, title = {Application of the modified Bai-Wierzbicki model for the prediction of ductile fracture in pipelines}, series = {International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping}, volume = {171}, journal = {International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping}, number = {March}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijpvp.2019.02.010}, pages = {104 -- 116}, abstract = {The complex mechanical and corrosive loads of modern pipeline systems transporting oil, natural gas and CO2 impose steadily increasing requirements on material properties. The majority of current design standards still limit the application of modern high toughness linepipe steels due to the simple specification of material requirements in terms of energy levels from Charpy impact or Battelle Drop-Weight-Tear (BDWT) tests. In consequence, research activities have been conducted recently aiming at developing modified or novel experimental methods for the characterization of the ductile fracture behavior. To quantify the effects of various parameters on fracture behavior and derive suitable correlations, it is necessary to accompany these activities by numerical simulations with appropriate ductile damage models. In this paper, the MBW model is applied to study the structural behavior of pipelines in ductile fracture regime. Due to its precise incorporation of the underlying load conditions, the damage model is successfully used to simulate the slant fracture behavior in Battelle Drop weight tear test specimens and pipe sections. In comparison to ductile damage models applied in former studies, namely the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman and Cohesive Zone model, the presented numerical methodology allows for a more detailed investigation of loading, material and geometry effects on fracture and crack arrest behavior of pipelines.}, language = {en} } @techreport{SternerBauerHofrichteretal., author = {Sterner, Michael and Bauer, Franz and Hofrichter, Andreas and Heberl, Michael}, title = {Systemanalyse und -integration Power-to-X im Kontext von erneuerbarer Elektrizit{\"a}t als Prim{\"a}renergie (SPIKE)}, pages = {87}, abstract = {Durch das in Paris beschlossene Ziel, die globale mittlere Temperatur auf deutlich unter 2 Grad Celsius gegen{\"u}ber dem vorindustriellen Niveau zu begrenzen, ist ein Ausstieg aus der Nutzung fossiler Energietr{\"a}ger und Rohstoffe bis zum Jahr 2050 notwendig (WBGU 2016). Daher hat sich die Bundesregierung das Ziel gesetzt, bis zur Mitte des Jahrhunderts eine weitgehende Treibhausgasneutralit{\"a}t zu erreichen. Hierzu ist neben einer Steigerung der Energieeffizienz in allen Sektoren ein Ausbau erneuerbaren Energien notwendig. Dies beinhaltet haupts{\"a}chlich den Zubau von Wind- und Solarstromanlagen. Somit gewinnt die Sektorkopplung immer mehr an Bedeutung und wird in Zukunft eine tragende Rolle f{\"u}r die Defossilisierung des Energiesystems spielen (BMUB 2016). Als zentrales Element der Sektorkopplung gilt Strom, der {\"u}ber Power-to-X (PtX) sowohl energetisch im W{\"a}rme-, und Verkehrssektor als auch stofflich in der Industrie und vor allem im Chemiesektor eingesetzt werden kann (Ausfelder et al. 2018a). Im Rahmen des P2X-Vorhabens der Kopernikus Forschungsinitiative wird die Sektorkopplung durch die Umwandlung von Strom mittels elektrochemischer Prozesse in stoffliche Ressourcen wie Wasserstoff, Synthesegas oder Kohlenstoffmonoxid untersucht. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Betrachtung der Kopplung von Strom und Verkehr sowie Strom und Chemie und der Untersuchung von Prozessen und Pfaden, die aus {\"o}kologischer, {\"o}konomischer und gesellschaftlicher Sicht vorteilhaft sind. Eine vergleichende Einordnung in den Gesamtkontext der Energiewende mit Abw{\"a}gung zahlreicher Alternativen und Konkurrenztechnologien ist dort allerdings nicht vorgesehen. Zudem werden einige relevante PtX-Technologien wie Power-to-Heat nicht betrachtet. Aus diesem Grund wurden in SPIKE erg{\"a}nzende PtX-Technologiepfade aus systemanalytischer Sicht untersucht. Dies sind Power-to-Heat (PtH) und Power-to-Gas (PtG) {\"u}ber Elektrolyse und optionaler anschließender Methanisierung sowie die Herstellung ausgew{\"a}hlter Pfade der strombasierten Herstellung von Produkten der energieintensiven Industrie. Ziel des Forschungsvorhabens war die Analyse von PtX-Technologien und Pfaden, deren vergleichende Einordnung im Gesamtkontext der Energiewende sowie die Unterst{\"u}tzung des P2X Roadmapping Prozesses und die Ableitung von Handlungsempfehlungen. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt lag auf dem Einsatz von PtX im Industriesektor. F{\"u}r das Vorhaben wurden Arbeitspakete (AP) erstellt, die Untersuchungen zu Technologie, Potenzial, {\"O}konomie und {\"O}kologie von PtH (AP 1), PtG (AP 2), Power-to-Ammoniak, Power-to-Ethen und Power-to-Propen (AP 3) umfassten. Daraus wurde in AP 4 ein Systemvergleich mit Einordnung von PtX in die Energiewende durchgef{\"u}hrt. Auf dieser Basis und der Identifizierung regulatorischer Rahmenbedingungen f{\"u}r PtX (AP 5) wurde das deutsche Energiesystem samt PtX-Pfaden in einem Energiesystemmodell abgebildet (AP 6). Die Ergebnisse flossen in das Roadmapping ein (AP 7). Zudem erfolgte ein Austausch mit den Projektpartnern und das Verfassen wissenschaftlicher Abhandlungen (AP 8).}, language = {de} } @article{SavelievFetisovChashinetal., author = {Saveliev, Dmitry V. and Fetisov, Leonid Y. and Chashin, Dmitri V. and Shabin, P. A. and Vyunik, D. A. and Fedulov, Feodor and Kettl, W. and Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail}, title = {Method of Measuring Deformations of Magnetoactive Elastomers under the Action of Magnetic Fields}, series = {Russian Technological Journal}, volume = {7}, journal = {Russian Technological Journal}, number = {4}, doi = {10.32362/2500-316x-2019-7-4-81-91}, pages = {81 -- 91}, language = {ru} } @article{KlenkGalka, author = {Klenk, Eva Marianne and Galka, Stefan}, title = {Analysis of real-time tour building and scheduling strategies for in-plant milk-run systems with volatile transportation demand}, series = {IFAC - PapersOnLine}, volume = {52}, journal = {IFAC - PapersOnLine}, number = {13}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.11.517}, pages = {2110 -- 2115}, abstract = {In modern manufacturing systems, milk run (MR) systems represent route-based, cyclic material-handling systems that are used widely and enable frequent deliveries of containerized parts in small lot sizes from a central storage area to multiple points of use on the factory floor. Usually, deliveries take place at predetermined, constant time intervals. As in real-world MR systems, the number of containers to deliver in each interval varies in the short term, peaks in the number of deliveries may lead to capacity bottlenecks and late deliveries. In this paper, we develop three alternative strategies to determine starting times of MR cycles in real-time based on the current number of delivery orders in the system aiming to better handle variations in the number of orders. We evaluate the three strategies for different system load scenarios with respect to delivery service levels, order lead times, systems utilization and necessary number of MR trains using a discrete-event simulation model.}, language = {en} } @misc{AltmannGebhard, author = {Altmann, Robert and Gebhard, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Ph{\"a}nomenologische Untersuchung des Einspritzprozesses eines Injektors aus dem Off-Highway-Segment mit Diesel- und Raps{\"o}lkraftstoff}, series = {16. Internationaler Fachkongress "Kraftstoffe der Zukunft 2019", Berlin}, journal = {16. Internationaler Fachkongress "Kraftstoffe der Zukunft 2019", Berlin}, language = {de} } @article{Rill, author = {Rill, Georg}, title = {Sophisticated but quite simple contact calculation for handling tire models}, series = {Multibody system dynamics}, volume = {45}, journal = {Multibody system dynamics}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, organization = {SPRINGER}, doi = {10.1007/s11044-018-9629-4}, pages = {131 -- 153}, abstract = {Handling tire models like Pacejka (Tire and Vehicle Dynamics, 3rd edn., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2012) or TMeasy (Rill in Proc. of the XV Int. Symp. on Dynamic Problems of Mechanics, Buzios, RJ, Brazil, 2013) consider the contact patch as one coherent plane. As a consequence, the irregularities of a rough road profile must be approximated by an appropriate local road plane that serves as an effective road plane in order to calculate the geometric contact point and the corresponding contact velocities. The Pacejka/SWIFT tire model employs a road enveloping model that generates the effective height and slope by elliptical cams. TMeasy just uses four representative road points for that purpose. In addition, TMeasy replaces the geometric contact point by the static contact point and shifts it finally to the dynamic contact point that represents the point where the contact forces are applied. In doing so, a rather sophisticated but still simple contact calculation is possible. Simulations obtained with a virtual tire test rig and fully nonlinear three-dimensional multibody system models of a motor-scooter and a passenger car demonstrate the potential of this contact approach.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RillArrietaCastro, author = {Rill, Georg and Arrieta Castro, Abel}, title = {The Influence of Axle Kinematics on Vehicle Dynamics}, series = {Interdisciplinary Applications of Kinematics. Proceedings of the Third International Conference (IAK)}, volume = {71}, booktitle = {Interdisciplinary Applications of Kinematics. Proceedings of the Third International Conference (IAK)}, editor = {Kecskem{\´e}thy, Andr{\´e}s and Geu Flores, Francisco and Carrera, Eliodoro and Elias, Dante A.}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-16422-5}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-16423-2_2}, pages = {23 -- 31}, abstract = {The automotive industry employs many different kinds of axle suspension systems at modern passenger cars. Important criteria are costs, space requirements, kinematic properties, and compliance attributes. This paper illustrates that in particular the kinematic properties of a suspension system have a significant influence on the dynamics of vehicles. As a consequence, the kinematics of a suspension system must be modeled very precisely and nonlinear. Typical kinematical features of a suspension system are discussed by analyzing the most common double wishbone axle suspension system. The influence of the axle kinematics on vehicle dynamics is finally demonstrated by simulation results generated with a fully nonlinear and three-dimensional multibody vehicle model.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Rill, author = {Rill, Georg}, title = {Multibody Systems and Simulation Techniques}, series = {Vehicle Dynamics of Modern Passenger Cars}, booktitle = {Vehicle Dynamics of Modern Passenger Cars}, editor = {Lugner, Peter}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-319-79007-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-79008-4_6}, pages = {309 -- 375}, abstract = {This part begins with an introduction to Multibody Systems (MBS). It presents the elements of MBS and discusses different modeling aspects. Then, different methods to generate the equations of motion are presented. Solvers for ordinary differential equations (ODE) as well as differential algebraic equations (DAE) are discussed. Finally, techniques for "online" and "offline" simulations including real-time applications are presented like necessary for car development. Special examples show the connection between simulation and test results.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ArrietaCastroChavesRilletal., author = {Arrieta Castro, Abel and Chaves, Rafael B. and Rill, Georg and Weber, Hans I.}, title = {Use of Integrated Control to Enhance the Safety of Vehicles in Run-Off-Road Scenarios}, series = {Proceedings of DINAME 2017 : Selected Papers of the XVII International Symposium on Dynamic Problems of Mechanics}, booktitle = {Proceedings of DINAME 2017 : Selected Papers of the XVII International Symposium on Dynamic Problems of Mechanics}, editor = {Fleury, Agenor de T. and Rade, Domingos A. and Kurka, R. G.}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-319-91217-2}, issn = {2195-4356}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-91217-2_30}, pages = {431 -- 443}, abstract = {In this work, an integrated vehicle control system (IC) is tested in run-off-road scenarios. The integrated approach was employed in order to coordinate vehicle control systems, i.e. the Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS), Four-wheel Steering (4WS) and the Electronic Stability Program (ESP). To perform a run-off-road maneuver, a fuzzy virtual test driver was designed. By receiving the lateral position of an obstacle and the vehicle's relative yaw angle, the virtual test driver is capable of following a reference trajectory. Furthermore, to test the performance of the standalone controllers, i.e. ABS, ESP and 4WS, individual maneuvers are performed using a multibody vehicle model. The vehicle without any coordination between the control systems is used as reference. For the simulation results, it is concluded that the IC improves the vehicle stability and maneuverability in comparison with the non-integrated approach.}, language = {en} }