@article{ZacherlWopperSchwanzeretal., author = {Zacherl, Florian and Wopper, Christoph and Schwanzer, Peter and Rabl, Hans-Peter}, title = {Potential of the Synthetic Fuel Oxymethylene Ether (OME) for the Usage in a Single-Cylinder Non-Road Diesel Engine: Thermodynamics and Emissions}, series = {Energies}, volume = {15}, journal = {Energies}, number = {21}, publisher = {MDPI}, doi = {10.3390/en15217932}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-55350}, pages = {1 -- 26}, abstract = {Non-road sectors, such as agriculture and construction machinery, require high energy densities and flexibility in use, which is why diesel engines are mainly used. The use of climate-neutral fuels, produced from renewable energies, such as Oxymethylene Ether (OME) as a diesel substitute, can significantly reduce CO2 and pollutant emissions in these sectors. In addition to CO2 neutrality, OME also offers improved combustion characteristics compared to diesel fuel, eliminating the soot-NOx trade-off and thus enabling new opportunities in engine design and calibration. In this paper, the combustion of pure OME on a close-to-production, single-cylinder non-road diesel engine with a pump-line-nozzle injection system is analyzed. A variation of the center of combustion at constant power output was performed for diesel and OME at different operating points. Two injectors were investigated with OME. A study on ignition delay and a detailed thermodynamic analysis was carried out. In addition, the exhaust emissions CO, NOx, VOC, as well as particulate-matter, -number and -size distributions were measured. With OME, a significantly shorter ignition delay as well as a shortened combustion duration could be observed, despite a longer injection duration. In addition, the maximum injection pressure increases. VOC and CO emissions are reduced. Particulate matter was reduced by more than 99\% and particle number (>10 nm) was reduced by multiple orders of magnitude. The median of the particle size distribution shifts from 60 to 85 nm (diesel) into a diameter range of sub 23 nm (OME). A significant reduction of NOx emissions with OME enables new degrees of freedom in engine calibration and an efficiency advantage without hardware adaption.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MilaevRuiderSchlegl, author = {Milaev, Johannes and Ruider, Martin and Schlegl, Thomas}, title = {Entwicklung eines Experimentalsystems zur Validierung adaptiver Regelungen mit einem OEM-Steuerger{\"a}t}, series = {Tagungsband AALE 2014 : das Forum f{\"u}r Fachleute der Automatisierungstechnik aus Hochschulen und Wirtschaft ; 11. Fachkonferenz, Regensburg}, booktitle = {Tagungsband AALE 2014 : das Forum f{\"u}r Fachleute der Automatisierungstechnik aus Hochschulen und Wirtschaft ; 11. Fachkonferenz, Regensburg}, publisher = {Deutscher Industrieverlag}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-8356-7142-3}, pages = {241 -- 250}, abstract = {Im Rahmen des Kooperationsprojektes "ACES" (Integrated Adaption of Linear Controllers for Embedded Systems) ist ein Pr{\"u}fstand zur Validierung adaptiver Regelungen entwickelt und aufgebaut worden, der das dynamische Verhalten eines Kfz-Antriebstrangs aufweist. Ziel ist es, verschiedene Adaptionsverfahren auf ihre Einsetzbarkeit in OEM-Steuerger{\"a}ten, die im Automotive-Bereich auf breiter Basis verwendet werden, kosteng{\"u}nstig testen zu k{\"o}nnen. Das Problem der aktiven Schwingungsd{\"a}mpfung in Kfz-Antriebsstr{\"a}ngen mit unbekannten und ver{\"a}nderlichen mechanischen Parametern stellt eine Pilotanwendung dar. Ein leicht anpassbarer mechanischer Pr{\"u}fstand dient hierbei als vereinfachtes Modell eines Antriebstrangs. Dieser ist Bestandteil eitles Experimentalsystems mit einer informationstechnischen Architektur, die einen Betrieb engebetteter Regelungssysteme auf verschiedenen Plattformen gestattet. Das flexible mechanische und informationstechnische Design des Experimentalsystems gestattet die Variation von Parametern der zu regelnden Applikation durch leicht austauschbare mechanische Komponenten und gezielte Einbringung von St{\"o}rgr{\"o}ßen. Zudem kann die Berechnung der Regelungsarchitektur auf einem Industrie-PC oder einem Steuerger{\"a}t erfolgen. Weitere Vorteile des entwickelten Experimentalsystems sind die Ber{\"u}cksichtigung von Effekten, die aus dem Verhalten realer Sensoren und der CAN-basierten Signal{\"u}bertragung entstehen. Insbesondere der Einfluss von Wortbreite und Latenz {\"u}bertragener Signale auf die Adaption von Regelungen kann mit Hilfe des vorgestellten Experimentalsystems eingehend untersucht werden.}, language = {de} } @article{KralHaumerLee, author = {Kral, Christian and Haumer, Anton and Lee, Sang Bin}, title = {A Practical Thermal Model for the Estimation of Permanent Magnet and Stator Winding Temperatures}, series = {IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics}, volume = {29}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics}, number = {1}, publisher = {IEEE}, issn = {1941-0107}, doi = {10.1109/TPEL.2013.2253128}, pages = {455 -- 464}, abstract = {A thermal model for the determination of the temperatures of interior permanent magnets and stator windings is presented in this paper. The innovation of the model relies on one temperature sensor being located in the stator core of the machine. Such sensor is simple to implement in many applications such as traction or EV, where reliability is critical. The estimated stator winding and permanent magnet temperatures are determined by a simplified thermal lumped element network model with only two time constants. It is shown that the proposed thermal model is very robust due to the structure of the model and the measured stator core temperature. The distortion of the temperature estimates caused by the cooling circuit is inherently accounted for such that the model can be used for robust online prediction of temperatures. Experimental results based on a forced water-cooled interior permanent magnet synchronous machine setup are presented to validate the effectiveness of the presented model.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KralHaumerWoehrnschimmel, author = {Kral, Christian and Haumer, Anton and W{\"o}hrnschimmel, Reinhard}, title = {Extension of the FundamentalWave Library towards Multi Phase Electric Machine Models}, series = {Proceedings of the 10th International Modelica Conference, March 10-12, 2014, Lund, Sweden}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th International Modelica Conference, March 10-12, 2014, Lund, Sweden}, publisher = {Link{\"o}ping University Electronic Press}, isbn = {978-91-7519-380-9}, issn = {1650-3686}, doi = {10.3384/ecp14096135}, pages = {135 -- 143}, abstract = {Abstract Electric machine theory and electric machine simulations models are often limited to three phases. Up to the Modelica Standard Libray (MSL) version 3.2 the provided machine models were limited to three phases. Particularly for large industrial drives and for redundancy reasons in electric vehicles and aircrafts multi phase electric machines are demanded. In the MSL 3.2.1 an extension of the existing FundamentalWave library has been performed to cope with phase numbers greater than or equal to three. The developed machine models are fully incorporating the multi phase electric; magnetic; rotational and thermal domain. In this publication the theoretical background of the machines models; Modelica implementation details; the parametrization of the models and simulation examples are presented.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SwidergalWagnerLubsederetal., author = {Swidergal, Krzysztof and Wagner, Marcus and Lubseder, C. and von Wurmb, I. and Meinhardt, J. and Marburg, S.}, title = {Investigation of the forming tool dynamics by means of numerical simulation}, series = {Advanced Metal Forming Processes in Automotive Industry, AutoMetForm 2016}, booktitle = {Advanced Metal Forming Processes in Automotive Industry, AutoMetForm 2016}, publisher = {Fraunhofer}, pages = {335 -- 340}, abstract = {In the forming tools for pressing car body parts, heavy blankholders are used to prevent buckling and wrinkling of the blank. During each press cycle, those large masses need to be lifted, raising thereby the structural dynamic load on the forming tool and on the press. Therefore a detailed knowledge about the forming tool dynamics is essential for an accurate and robust design of forming tools. In this paper, a dynamic finite element method (FEM) simulation of selected automotive forming tool is presented enabling identification of regions of critical stresses. For validation of the simulation results, the kinematic responses of the tool's components are compared with the measurements obtained in an experiment.}, language = {en} } @article{TrostSternerBruckner, author = {Trost, Tobias and Sterner, Michael and Bruckner, Thomas}, title = {Impact of electric vehicles and synthetic gaseous fuels on final energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in Germany based on long-term vehicle fleet modelling}, series = {Energy}, volume = {141}, journal = {Energy}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {0360-5442}, doi = {10.1016/j.energy.2017.10.006}, pages = {1215 -- 1225}, abstract = {Based on a prospective scenario analysis, possible vehicle fleet developments for the individual motor car traffic (vehicle categories N1 and M1) are investigated for Germany in order to determine the long-term vehicle fleet structure, final energy demand, and related carbon dioxide emissions until the year 2050. In this framework, a vehicle fleet model was developed which combines a bottom-up consumer demand model with a dynamic stock-flow approach. Special emphasis is thereby given to different electric power-trains and synthetic gaseous fuels based on the power-to-gas technology. In detail, two different main scenarios are developed and, in addition, the impact of different carbon dioxide taxation levels of fossil fuels on the vehicle fleet structure are analysed. The scenario results reveal a broad range of possible future vehicle fleet structures. In the short to medium timeframe, the internal combustion engine dominates the fleet as a result of efficiency improvements and an increased use of natural gas as automotive fuel. The development of electric power-trains is initially marked by hybrid vehicles, whereas battery electric vehicles dominate the fleet structure in the long-term. Under favourable conditions, also synthetic gaseous fuels are competitive which can reduce carbon dioxide emissions even further.}, language = {en} } @incollection{SternerThema, author = {Sterner, Michael and Thema, Martin}, title = {Comparison of Storage Systems}, series = {Handbook of Energy Storage}, volume = {6}, booktitle = {Handbook of Energy Storage}, editor = {Sterner, Michael and Stadler, Ingo}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin, Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-662-55503-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-55504-0_12}, pages = {637 -- 672}, abstract = {There are several approaches to classifying energy storage systems (see Chaps. 1 and 2). Storage systems are used in a large number of different technologies at various stages of development, and in a wide range of application areas (see Chaps. 3 to 5). This chapter compares the capabilities of the different storage systems using the following criteria:This comparison of storage systems also provides a convenient overview of the various storage systems and their capabilities.}, language = {en} } @article{SternerSpecht, author = {Sterner, Michael and Specht, Michael}, title = {Power-to-Gas and Power-to-X-The History and Results of Developing a New Storage Concept}, series = {Energies}, volume = {14}, journal = {Energies}, number = {20}, publisher = {MDPI}, doi = {10.3390/en14206594}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-26202}, abstract = {Germany's energy transition, known as 'Energiewende', was always very progressive. However, it came technically to a halt at the question of large-scale, seasonal energy storage for wind and solar, which was not available. At the end of the 2000s, we combined our knowledge of both electrical and process engineering, imitated nature by copying photosynthesis and developed Power-to-Gas by combining water electrolysis with CO2-methanation to convert water and CO2 together with wind and solar power to synthetic natural gas. Storing green energy by coupling the electricity with the gas sector using its vast TWh-scale storage facility was the solution for the biggest energy problem of our time. This was the first concept that created the term 'sector coupling' or 'sectoral integration'. We first implemented demo sites, presented our work in research, industry and ministries, and applied it in many macroeconomic studies. It was an initial idea that inspired others to rethink electricity as well as eFuels as an energy source and energy carrier. We developed the concept further to include Power-to-Liquid, Power-to-Chemicals and other ways to 'convert' electricity into molecules and climate-neutral feedstocks, and named it 'Power-to-X'at the beginning of the 2010s.}, language = {en} } @misc{Sterner, author = {Sterner, Michael}, title = {Gas aus einer Gesamtenergieversorgungsperspektive - Warum wir Power-to-X f{\"u}r die Klimaneutralit{\"a}t brauchen}, series = {Kopernikus-Konferenz Projekt "Ensure" (Deutsche Umwelthilfe), 15. April 2021}, journal = {Kopernikus-Konferenz Projekt "Ensure" (Deutsche Umwelthilfe), 15. April 2021}, language = {de} } @article{KeinerBreyerSterner, author = {Keiner, Dominik and Breyer, Christian and Sterner, Michael}, title = {Coupling heat and electricity storage technologies for cost and self-consumption optimised residential PV prosumer systems in Germany}, series = {International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management}, volume = {21}, journal = {International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management}, publisher = {OJS/PKP}, doi = {10.5278/ijsepm.2019.21.4}, abstract = {Coupling energy sectors within the emerging residential PV prosumer systems is necessary for an optimised use of the houseowners' own produced electricity. But the pure availability of different energy technologies in the system is not enough. By optimising the electricity usage as well as the capacities of PV generators, storage technologies, heat pumps and battery electric vehicles, not only the best solution in a technical point of view can be achieved, the need of finding the most financially beneficial system composition for single-family houses and tenements is possible. The study provides a detailed model for average German single-family houses and tenements and results for the energy transition period until 2050 for the optimised energy systems regarding optimised PV and stationary battery capacities and different heat storage capacities. Most noticeable outcomes can be observed by using a vehicle-to-home car, where a car can mostly take over the tasks of a stationary battery and by introducing a solidarity model using this type of car in tenement systems.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{GaertnerMarxSchubachGadereretal., author = {G{\"a}rtner, Sebastian and Marx-Schubach, Thomas and Gaderer, Matthias and Schmitz, Gerhard and Sterner, Michael}, title = {Introduction of an Innovative Energy Concept for low Emission Glass Melting based on Carbon Capture and Usage}, doi = {10.31224/2642}, abstract = {Due to the very high fossil energy demand, the glass industry is looking for innovative approaches for the reduction of CO2 emissions and the integration of renewable energy sources. In this paper, we present a novel power-to-gas concept, which has no impact on established melting processes and discuss it for this purpose. A special focus is set on the required CO2 capture from typical flue gases in the glass industry, as this process has not been investigated in detail yet. We used a process simulation approach to investigate post-combustion CO2 capture by absorption processes, followed by a techno-economic evaluation. Our investigations found the designed CO2 capture plant to be approx. 400 times smaller than absorption based CO2 separation processes for conventional power plants. Due to the many options for waste heat utilization, the waste heat required for CO2 desorption can be generated in a particularly efficient and cost-effective way. The resulting CO2 avoidance costs range between 41-42 €/t CO2, depending on waste heat utilization for desorption, and thus offer a cost effective way of CO2 removal from glass industry melting processes. These costs are well below the values of 50-65 €/t CO2 described so far for comparable industrial applications. In addition, we describe optimization options, like solvent and process improvements, to enable further cost reductions. These results motivate further research and development on the overall process presented in this work.}, language = {en} } @article{KaulBoellmannThemaetal., author = {Kaul, Anja and Boellmann, Andrea and Thema, Martin and Kalb, Larissa and Stoeckl, Richard and Huber, Harald and Sterner, Michael and Bellack, Annett}, title = {Combining a robust thermophilic methanogen and packing material with high liquid hold-up to optimize biological methanation in trickle-bed reactors}, series = {Bioresource technology}, volume = {345}, journal = {Bioresource technology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126524}, abstract = {The hydrogen gas-to-liquid mass transfer is the limiting factor in biological methanation. In trickle-bed reactors, mass transfer can be increased by high flow velocities in the liquid phase, by adding a packing material with high liquid hold-up or by using methanogenic archaea with a high methane productivity. This study developed a polyphasic approach to address all methods at once. Various methanogenic strains and packings were investigated from a microbial and hydrodynamic perspective. Analyzing the ability to produce high-quality methane and to form biofilms, pure cultures of Methanothermobacter performed better than those of the genus Methanothermococcus. Liquid and static hold-up of a packing material and its capability to facilitate attachment was not attributable to a single property. Consequently, it is recommended to carefully match organism and packing for optimized performance of trickle-bed reactors. The ideal combination for the ORBIT system was identified as Methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicus IM5 and DuraTop (R).}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KreuzerHaslbeckBrueckl, author = {Kreuzer, Reinhard and Haslbeck, Matthias and Br{\"u}ckl, Oliver}, title = {Modellierung von Mittelspannungsnetzen zur verbesserten Nachbildung von Wirk- und Blindleistungsfl{\"u}ssen}, series = {Tagungsband der Fachtagung "Zuk{\"u}nftige Stromnetze f{\"u}r erneuerbare Energien" am 30./31. Januar 2018 in Berlin}, booktitle = {Tagungsband der Fachtagung "Zuk{\"u}nftige Stromnetze f{\"u}r erneuerbare Energien" am 30./31. Januar 2018 in Berlin}, abstract = {Das vom BMWi gef{\"o}rderte Forschungsprojekt SyNErgie (03/2015 bis 05/2018) besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit der Weiterentwicklung von Netzplanungsprozessen [1]. Im Fokus steht dabei die Modellierung von Blindleistungsfl{\"u}ssen und die dezentrale Nutzung von Blindleistungsquellen (z. B. Wechselrichter, Ladedrosseln, Kondensatoren) in Mittelspannungsnetzen, {\"u}ber welche der Blindleistungshaushalt letztendlich beeinflusst werden soll. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags wird anhand eines realen Mittelspannungsnetzes (MS-Netz) gezeigt, welche Modellierungsschritte zur Erstellung eines m{\"o}glichst realit{\"a}tsnahen Simulationsabbilds n{\"o}tig sind. Dies ist notwendig, um der Verteilnetzplanung eine robuste Planungsgrundlage f{\"u}r die Ableitung von Entscheidungen im Rahmen eines Blindleistungsmanagements zur Verf{\"u}gung zu stellen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{RauchBrueckl, author = {Rauch, Johannes and Br{\"u}ckl, Oliver}, title = {Entwicklung eines Regelverfahrens f{\"u}r einen optimierten und zentralen Blindleistungsabruf zur Beeinflussung des Blindleistungshaushaltes von Mittelspannungsverteilungsnetzen unter Einhaltung von Netzrestriktionen}, series = {Zuk{\"u}nftige Stromnetze, 30.-31.Jan.2019, Berlin}, booktitle = {Zuk{\"u}nftige Stromnetze, 30.-31.Jan.2019, Berlin}, publisher = {Conexio}, address = {Pforzheim}, pages = {421 -- 437}, language = {de} } @article{Brueckl, author = {Br{\"u}ckl, Oliver}, title = {Pl{\"a}doyer f{\"u}r die wettbewerbliche Bereitstellung von Blindleistung}, series = {ew - Magazin f{\"u}r die Energiewirtschaft - Spezial: Digitalisierung}, volume = {117}, journal = {ew - Magazin f{\"u}r die Energiewirtschaft - Spezial: Digitalisierung}, number = {1}, publisher = {VDE Verlag}, organization = {VDE Verlag}, pages = {46 -- 48}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{Haslbeck, author = {Haslbeck, Matthias}, title = {Innovative Aspekte der Netzplanung im Verteilungsnetz}, series = {2. OTTI-Konferenz Zuk{\"u}nftige Stromnetze f{\"u}r Erneuerbare Energien, Hilton-Hotel Berlin, 27./28. Januar 2015}, booktitle = {2. OTTI-Konferenz Zuk{\"u}nftige Stromnetze f{\"u}r Erneuerbare Energien, Hilton-Hotel Berlin, 27./28. Januar 2015}, address = {Regensburg}, organization = {Ostbayerisches Technologie-Transfer-Institut (OTTI)}, isbn = {978-3-943891-46-1}, pages = {110 -- 115}, abstract = {In den Verteilungsnetzen (VN) besteht erheblicher Optimierungsbedarf, um die geplanten Leistungen an dezentralen Erzeugungsanlagen (EZA) aufnehmen und um die erzeugte Energie an das {\"U}bertragungsnetz abgeben zu k{\"o}nnen. Bislang konnte der Aufwand f{\"u}r die Netzplanung im VN mittels standardisierter Abl{\"a}ufe und großz{\"u}gigen Reserven im Spannungsband und der Stromtragf{\"a}higkeit begrenzt werden. Im Zuge des Zubaus an EZA schwinden diese Reserven und Netzplanungsaufgaben m{\"u}ssen individueller f{\"u}r einzelne Netzabschnitte gel{\"o}st werden. Die Forschungsstelle f{\"u}r Energienetze und Energiespeicher (FENES) der OTH Regensburg besch{\"a}ftigt sich u. a. mit der Fragestellung wie die Netzplanung im Verteilungsnetz hinsichtlich der neu entstandenen Herausforderungen optimiert werden kann und gleichzeitig praktikabel bleibt. Kernthemen sind dabei das Spannungs- und das Blindleistungsmanagement im Verteilungsnetz. Im Zuge der Energiewende gilt es die vorhandene Netzinfrastruktur noch effizienter auszunutzen und den Ausbau noch st{\"a}rker bedarfsorientiert zu gestalten. Infolgedessen bewegt sich der Netzbetrieb n{\"a}her an den Grenzen der Netzparameter (z. B. Spannungshaltung und Auslastung). Von daher m{\"u}ssen bislang praktizierte Verfahren weiter entwickelt werden, , um weiterhin einen sicheren und stabilen Netzbetrieb zu gew{\"a}hrleisten.}, language = {de} } @misc{Sterner, author = {Sterner, Michael}, title = {Insight into Power-to-Gas/Liquids: a solution for sustainable transport besides e-mobility}, series = {Conference Low Carbon Transport - Engineering the Fuels of the Future (Institution of Mechanical Engineers), London 09.07.2019}, journal = {Conference Low Carbon Transport - Engineering the Fuels of the Future (Institution of Mechanical Engineers), London 09.07.2019}, publisher = {Institution of Mechanical Engineers}, address = {London}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KrausGschossmannBrueckl, author = {Kraus, Hermann and Gschoßmann, David and Br{\"u}ckl, Oliver}, title = {Automatisierung von Netzplanungsprozessen in der Verteilnetzebene - Q(U)- und cosj(P)-Blindleistungsregelung dezentraler Anlagen als spannungshaltende Netzausbaumaßnahmen}, series = {Tagungsband Zuk{\"u}nftige Stromnetze 2019, 30.-31.Jan.2019, Berlin}, booktitle = {Tagungsband Zuk{\"u}nftige Stromnetze 2019, 30.-31.Jan.2019, Berlin}, publisher = {Connexio}, address = {Pforzheim}, pages = {407 -- 420}, abstract = {Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit automatisierten Netzplanungsprozessen und gibt einen kurzen Einblick in das Entscheidungsunterst{\"u}tzungssystem, welches im EU-Projekt CrossEnergy entwickelt wird. Detaillierter wird aber auf die Konzipierung und Umsetzung eines automatisierten Einsatzes der Blindleistungsregelung von dezentralen Erzeugungs­ analgen eingegangen, die als spannungshaltende Netzausbaumaßnahme zur Verf{\"u}gung stehen. Die vorgestellten Methoden und Algorithmen fokussieren sich auf die Q(U)- und coscp(P)-Regelungsarten.}, language = {de} } @techreport{SternerThemaEckertetal., author = {Sterner, Michael and Thema, Martin and Eckert, Fabian and Moser, Albert and Sch{\"a}fer, Andreas and Drees, Tim and Christian Rehtanz, and Ulf H{\"a}ger, and Kays, Jan and Seack, Andr{\´e} and Dirk Uwe Sauer, and Matthias Leuthold, and Philipp St{\"o}cker,}, title = {Stromspeicher in der Energiewende - Untersuchung zum Bedarf an neuen Stromspeichern in Deutschland f{\"u}r den Erzeugungsausgleich, Systemdienstleistungen und im Verteilnetz}, publisher = {Agora Energiewende}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.31804.56964}, abstract = {Wie groß ist der Speicherbedarf in Deutschland in der weiteren Umsetzung der Energiewende? Welche Rolle spielen Batteriespeicher, Pumpspeicher, Power-to-Gas etc. im Kontext anderer Flexibilit{\"a}tsoptionen auf den verschiedenen Netzebenen? Wie entwickelt sich der Markt f{\"u}r Batterien und Wasserstoff? In unserer Agora-Speicherstudie haben wir auch erstmalig den Begriff Power-to-X definiert und damit die bis dato entstandenen Begriffe Power-to-Gas, Power-to-Liquids, Power-to-Products, Power-to-Chemicals etc. zusammengefasst.}, language = {de} } @incollection{StadlerEckert, author = {Stadler, Ingo and Eckert, Fabian}, title = {Lastmanagement als Energiespeicher}, series = {Energiespeicher - Bedarf, Technologien, Integration}, booktitle = {Energiespeicher - Bedarf, Technologien, Integration}, editor = {Sterner, Michael and Stadler, Ingo}, edition = {2. Auflage}, publisher = {Springer Vieweg}, address = {Berlin ; Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-662-48893-5}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-48893-5_11}, pages = {619 -- 644}, subject = {Lastverteilung }, language = {de} }