@inproceedings{BresinskyReusner, author = {Bresinsky, Markus and Reusner, Florian von}, title = {GLOBE - Learn and Innovate Digitization by a Virtual Collaboration Exercise and Living Lab}, series = {Interactivity, Game Creation, Design, Learning, and Innovation. 6th International Conference, ArtsIT 2017, and Second International Conference, DLI 2017, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, October 30-31, 2017, Proceedings}, booktitle = {Interactivity, Game Creation, Design, Learning, and Innovation. 6th International Conference, ArtsIT 2017, and Second International Conference, DLI 2017, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, October 30-31, 2017, Proceedings}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-76908-0_26}, pages = {273 -- 281}, abstract = {This paper presents an advanced interactive learning platform .dot that implements the GLOBE exercise, using innovative information and communication technologies to enhance learning and development of management and leadership skills in a complex organizational setting. GLOBE on the one hand focuses on competences around ICT and virtual collaboration, and on the other hand on digital transformation, technologies and tools at higher education institutions. By this applied science, learning and developing on the real-world platform, analysis and drive of digital innovation and transformation can be fostered. The main goal is to co-create knowledge and solutions in the following focused subjects: Management and leadership of multidisciplinary, multinational and multicultural virtual and real collaboration in a complex organizational environment. GLOBE uses real world scenarios (e.g. United Nations mission) and involves real world actors. This comprehensive educational approach should enhance learning techniques and leverage learning progress with hands-on experiences and applied science in the context of ICT and virtual collaboration, and the embodied dynamics of behavior to support innovation and development.}, language = {en} } @article{KoderSchwanzerZacherletal., author = {Koder, Alexander and Schwanzer, Peter and Zacherl, Florian and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Mayer, Wolfgang and Gruber, Georg and Dotzer, Thomas}, title = {Combustion and emission characteristics of a 2.2L common-rail diesel engine fueled with jatropha oil, soybean oil, and diesel fuel at various EGR-rates}, series = {Fuel}, volume = {228}, journal = {Fuel}, number = {September}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.fuel.2018.04.147}, pages = {23 -- 29}, abstract = {To investigate the combustion and emission behavior of straight vegetable oils (SVO), jatropha oil, soybean oil, and diesel fuel were tested. For this research, a 2.2L common-rail engine with a two-stage turbocharging concept was equipped with a cylinder pressure indication system, an exhaust-gas analyzer, an AVL Micro Soot sensor and a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer 3936 (SMPS) device to detect the particle-size-distribution (PSD). At a low and mid-load engine-operating point (EOP), the thermodynamic and emissions were investigated under various exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates with respect to the PSD. Moreover, the injection behavior of the three test fuels was analyzed separately using an injection rate analyzer. This procedure facilitates the thermodynamic investigations of the engine process and allows the calculation of the hydraulic delay (HD) as well as the ignition delay (ID). The ID of the SVO fuels compared to diesel fuel was found to be lower at all engine-operating modes, while jatropha oil always showed the shortest ID. In the particulate-nitrogen oxide (NOX) trade-off, the SVO fuels showed higher particulate matter (PM) emissions at the low-load EOP, whereas the PM emissions of diesel fuel overtop the SVO fuels at a higher engine load. With increased EGR-rates, a rise in the particle size was observed for all fuels. At the low-load EOP, the SVO fuels showed larger particles for high EGR-rates. This effect also changed by increasing the engine-load to the mid-load EOP, wherein the particle size of the diesel fuel emissions is higher by applying elevated EGR-rates.}, language = {en} } @article{SykoraMarkovaDiamantidis, author = {S{\´y}kora, Miroslav and Markova, Jana and Diamantidis, Dimitris}, title = {Bayesian network application for the risk assessment of existing energy production units}, series = {Reliability Engineering \& System Safety}, volume = {169}, journal = {Reliability Engineering \& System Safety}, number = {January}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.ress.2017.09.006}, pages = {312 -- 320}, abstract = {The assessment of existing infrastructures in the energy sector is of great economic significance worldwide. Fossil power stations are reaching their design service life and rational decisions concerning extensions of service life, maintenance and replacements of devices should be based on updated information of the actual conditions of the energy devices and their components, and on cost-benefit analysis using risk analysis and probabilistic optimisation procedures. The contribution provides an integrated framework for probabilistic reliability and risk assessment of existing energy production units considering availability and human safety criteria. An extensive case study focused on risks of an energy production unit in a fossil power station is provided to support practical applications. A Bayesian network is thereby implemented to assess the risks of the selected production unit. Special emphasis is given to the input data consisting of failure rates obtained from recorded data and expert judgements. The influence of uncertainties in the considered performance indicators on the availability of the unit is analysed. It is shown that a reasonably simplified framework can provide a valuable assessment of the influence of individual devices and their components on availability and societal risk, identifying thus the major risk contributors. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{daSilvaMotaHinckelRoccoetal., author = {da Silva Mota, Fabio Antonio and Hinckel, Jose Nivaldo and Rocco, Evandro Marconi and Schlingloff, Hanfried}, title = {Trajectory Optimization of Launch Vehicles Using Object-oriented Programming}, series = {Journal of aerospace technology and management}, volume = {10}, journal = {Journal of aerospace technology and management}, publisher = {Institute of Aeronautics and Space}, doi = {10.5028/jatm.v10.948}, abstract = {The aim of this study is to model launch vehicles with focus on 3-DOF trajectory optimization using a modular approach. Despite the large number of operational launch vehicles, they usually consist of basic components and subsystems. In other words, a launch vehicle is an assembly of stages, which in turn is divided into propellant system and engine, and the engine is an assembly of basic components such as pumps, turbines, combustion chamber, and nozzle. To allow future extension and reuse of the codes, a modular structure using object-oriented programming is used. Two formulations of state equations of the trajectory and two optimization methods are described. The launch vehicle performance will be measured by payload mass for a given mission. The simulations of the VLS-1, Ariane 5 and VLS-Alfa were performed and showed good agreement with the literature.}, language = {en} } @article{KurzweilShamoninChamonine, author = {Kurzweil, Peter and Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail}, title = {State-of-Charge Monitoring by Impedance Spectroscopy during Long-Term Self-Discharge of Supercapacitors and Lithium-Ion Batteries}, series = {Batteries}, volume = {4}, journal = {Batteries}, number = {3}, publisher = {MPDI}, doi = {10.3390/batteries4030035}, pages = {1 -- 13}, abstract = {Frequency-dependent capacitance C(ω) is a rapid and reliable method for the determination of the state-of-charge (SoC) of electrochemical storage devices. The state-of-the-art of SoC monitoring using impedance spectroscopy is reviewed, and complemented by original 1.5-year long-term electrical impedance measurements of several commercially available supercapacitors. It is found that the kinetics of the self-discharge of supercapacitors comprises at least two characteristic time constants in the range of days and months. The curvature of the Nyquist curve at frequencies above 10 Hz (charge transfer resistance) depends on the available electric charge as well, but it is of little use for applications. Lithium-ion batteries demonstrate a linear correlation between voltage and capacitance as long as overcharge and deep discharge are avoided.}, language = {en} } @article{SykoraDiamantidisHolickyetal., author = {S{\´y}kora, Miroslav and Diamantidis, Dimitris and Holick{\´y}, Milan and Markov{\´a}, Jana and R{\´o}zs{\´a}s, {\´A}rp{\´a}d}, title = {Assessment of compressive strength of historic masonry using non-destructive and destructive techniques}, series = {Construction and Building Materials}, volume = {193}, journal = {Construction and Building Materials}, number = {December}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.10.180}, pages = {196 -- 210}, abstract = {Masonry structures were built by various techniques using different materials, the properties of which exhibit a considerable scatter dependent on periods of construction and region-specific conditions. For historic structures with a heritage value, various non- or minor-destructive tests (NDTs) are commonly applied, while the application of destructive tests (DTs) is minimized. The contribution is based on investigations of 15 historic stone and clay brick masonry structures, for which NDT strengths of masonry units are verified by DTs. The proposed operational approach makes it possible to account for statistical uncertainty due to a limited number of DTs used to calibrate NDTs.}, language = {en} } @article{LeeSchubertOoietal., author = {Lee, Wai-Kong and Schubert, Martin J. W. and Ooi, Boon Yaik and Ho, Stanley Jian-Qin}, title = {Multi-source energy harvesting and storage for floating wireless sensor network nodes with Long Range Communication Capability}, series = {IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications}, volume = {54}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications}, number = {3}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/TIA.2018.2799}, pages = {2606 -- 2615}, abstract = {Wireless sensor networks are widely used for environmental monitoring in remote areas. They are mainly composed of wireless sensor nodes, usually powered by batteries with limited capacity, but are expected to communicate in long range and operate for extended time periods. To overcome these limitations, many energy harvesting techniques are proposed to power wireless nodes for prolonged operation, whereas multihop techniques are utilized to extend the communication range. In this paper, a novel floating device with multisource energy harvesting technology that can be used as a wireless sensor node is proposed. The long range communication between wireless sensor nodes and a gateway is established through LoRa technology. In addition to conventional solar panels, an energy harvesting technique based on thermoelectric generators exploiting thermal differences created between water surface and materials exposed to sunlight is proposed. Energy generated from photovoltaic and thermoelectric generators is combined to power the wireless sensor node. This floating device consumes 6.6216 Wh per day when used as a wireless sensor node for the collection and transmission of environmental data. The sensor node can operate on a water surface for at least 9.6 days when it is not exposed to sunlight. During a sunny day, the floating device can harvest 8.375 Wh from solar panels and 0.425 Wh from thermoelectric generation. In other words, the floating device harvests sufficient energy to be self-sustaining during sunny days.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HolickyDiamantidisSykora, author = {Holick{\´y}, Milan and Diamantidis, Dimitris and S{\´y}kora, Miroslav}, title = {Effects of Quality Control on Reliability of Reinforced Concrete Structures according to Eurocodes}, series = {fib Symposium 2016 : Performance-Based Approaches for Concrete Structures, 14, 2016, Cape town}, booktitle = {fib Symposium 2016 : Performance-Based Approaches for Concrete Structures, 14, 2016, Cape town}, abstract = {The effect of quality control on structural reliability represents an increasingly important concern of designers and thus is investigated in this contribution, focusing on reinforced concrete structures. Recent European documents for structural design - Eurocodes, fib Model Code 2010 and ISO 2394:2015 for general principles on structural reliability indicate that the partial factors may be adjusted to available information on the quality control of structures. In particular, the partial factors for concrete and steel strength may be significantly reduced taking into account actual execution quality and related available data. Using probabilistic methods of structural reliability, effects for execution quality are investigated in this contribution considering two fundamental reinforced concrete members: a beam (or slab) exposed to bending and a short column exposed to compression. It is shown that the reliability of reinforced concrete members may vary with the load ratio of variable and permanent actions. It appears also that the structural members of a basic quality, designed using unreduced partial factors, have a greater reliability level than the members of an increased quality, designed using the partial factors reduced according to EN 1992 1 1. This provides the basis for recommendations for further code developments.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DessortChucholowskiRill, author = {Dessort, Ronnie and Chucholowski, Cornelius and Rill, Georg}, title = {Parametrical approach for modeling of tire forces and torques in TMeasy 5}, series = {Proceedings of the 16. Internationales Stuttgarter Symposium Automobil- und Motorentechnik}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16. Internationales Stuttgarter Symposium Automobil- und Motorentechnik}, editor = {Bargende, Michael and Reuss, Hans-Christian and Wiedemann, Jochen}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-13254-5}, pages = {435 -- 449}, abstract = {For the dynamic simulation of on-road vehicles, the model-element "tire/road" is of special importance, according to its influence on the achievable results. Sufficient description of the interaction between tire and road is one of the most challenging tasks of vehicle modeling. Two groups of tire models can be classified: handling models and structural or high-frequency models. Usually, various assumptions are made in modeling vehicles as multibody systems. Therefore, in the interest of balanced modeling, the precision of the complete vehicle model should stand in reasonable relation to the performance of the applied tire model. Handling tire models are characterized by a useful compromise between user friendliness, model complexity, and efficiency in computation time on the one hand, and precision in representation on the other hand. The present paper describes the general approach of the semi-physical tire model TMeasy for vehicle dynamics and handling simulation and its enhancement for bore torque simulation in Version TMeasy 5. A parameter fitting process realized by TESIS DYNAware and the validation of real tire behavior by simulation with DYNA4 is presented. Even with first guess parameters, the TMeasy tire model behaves in a realistic and plausible manner. Parameter estimation is intuitive and datasets from previous model versions can be easily migrated. After parameter fitting, the simulation results correlate well with both the tire test rig and full vehicle measurements. The enhancement of a three-dimensional slip calculation in the latest version does not modify the model behavior for high slip conditions, but improves the results not only for highly dynamic situations but also for low speed maneuvers such as parking.}, language = {en} } @article{EbnerElsner, author = {Ebner, Lena and Elsner, Michael}, title = {Thermische Energiespeicher: W{\"a}rmespeicherung in Kugelsch{\"u}ttungen. Numerische Simulation der Stromungs-, Warmetransport- und Entstaubungsvorg{\"a}nge}, series = {BWK. Das Energie-Fachmagazin}, volume = {66}, journal = {BWK. Das Energie-Fachmagazin}, number = {9}, publisher = {VDI-Verlag}, pages = {40 -- 43}, abstract = {Festbettspeicher bieten die M{\"o}glichkeit, thermische Energie auf einem hohen Temperaturniveau zu speichern. Die oft kugelf{\"o}rmigen Sch{\"u}ttg{\"u}ter bestehen aus Materialien hoher Dichte und W{\"a}rmekapazit{\"a}t. Neben der W{\"a}rmespeicherung k{\"o}nnen mithilfe dieser Sch{\"u}ttungen partikelbeladene Abgase entstaubt werden. Die Str{\"o}mungs-, W{\"a}rmetransport- und Entstaubungsvorg{\"a}nge bei der Speicherung von W{\"a}rme in einem Sch{\"u}ttschichtw{\"a}rme{\"u}bertrager werden in Zusammenarbeit mit Fraunhofer Umsicht, Institutsteil Sulzbach-Rosenberg, untersucht. Einen entscheidenden Aspekt der Arbeiten stellt die numerische Simulation der im W{\"a}rme{\"u}bertrager ablaufenden Vorg{\"a}nge dar. Die transiente Simulation von Sch{\"u}ttschichtw{\"a}rme{\"u}bertragern ist nur mit Vereinfachungen m{\"o}glich, da aufgrund der komplexen Geometrie und der daraus folgenden feinen Vernetzung eine enorme Rechenleistung ben{\"o}tigt wird. Bei den in diesem Beitrag vorgestellten Ergebnissen werden die physikalischen Vorgange in einem Ausschnitt der Sch{\"u}ttschicht simuliert, in dem die Kugelgeometrie detailliert modelliert ist. Die Ergebnisse der numerischen Simulation werden durch analytische Berechnungen aus der Literatur best{\"a}tigt. Eine Reihe von Parametervariationen zeigen die Einfl{\"u}sse verschiedener Gr{\"o}ßen beispielsweise auf den Druckverlust sowie den Unterschied zwischen radialer und axialer Durchstr{\"o}mung einer Sch{\"u}ttschicht. Die Entstaubung partikelbeladener Gase innerhalb einer Sch{\"u}ttschicht wird zun{\"a}chst anhand einer Einzelkugel untersucht; die Erweiterung auf die Entstaubung in einer Kugelpackung ist vorgesehen. Die Ergebnisse der numerischen Simulationen sollen mit den an einem Versuchsstand experimentell bestimmten Daten verglichen werden.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HofmannScharfenberg, author = {Hofmann, Gerhard and Scharfenberg, Georg}, title = {{\"U}berlegungen zur normativen Anpassung der ISO 26262 aufgrund des autonomen Fahrens}, series = {Automotive Software Kongress, 2015}, booktitle = {Automotive Software Kongress, 2015}, publisher = {WEKA Fachmedien}, address = {Haar}, pages = {1 -- 6}, abstract = {In der Automobilindustrie ist neben der Elektromobilit{\"a}t und dem Leichtbau auch das Gebiet der Fahrerassistenz ein Zukunftsfeld. Speziell Fahrerassistenzsysteme, wie z.B. der Stauassistent, sind in Hinblick auf das autonome Fahren als dessen Vorstufe zu sehen. Aktuelle Assistenzfunktionen basieren auf der Pr{\"a}senz des Fahrers. Die Fahrerassistenzsysteme sind nur durch Funktionen der Elektrik/Elektronik erm{\"o}glicht worden. Durch Maßnahmen der "Funktionalen Sicherheit" m{\"u}ssen Risiken, die durch Fehler der Elektrik/Elektronik zu Gefahren f{\"u}hren k{\"o}nnten, unter eine akzeptierte Grenze gesenkt werden. Die Diskussion {\"u}ber die gesetzlichen Grundlagen f{\"u}r das autonome Fahren ist erst am Anfang des {\"o}ffentlichen Interesses. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es sinnvoll, die Notwendigkeit der Anpassung der bestehenden normativen Anforderungen zur funktionalen Sicherheit in die Diskussion mit einzubeziehen. Im ersten Ansatz wird in diesem Paper untersucht, ob von anderen Anwendungen mit automatisiertem Fahrbetrieb, wie er bei Schienenfahrzeugen realisiert ist, Ableitungen m{\"o}glich sind. Im zweiten Ansatzpunkt wird konkret unter dem Gesichtspunkt des autonomen Fahrens zum Automobil auf die Gefahren-und Risikoanalyse, gem{\"a}ß ISO 26262 Teil 3 eingegangen. Im Rahmen dieser Diskussion werden die drei Bewertungskriterien der Gefahren- und Risikoanalyse (severity, probability of exposure and controllability) im Paper beleuchtet. Es wird gezeigt, dass f{\"u}r autonomes Fahren ein zus{\"a}tzliches Bewertungskriterium der Situationskomplexit{\"a}t sinnvoll ist, das das Umfeld einbezieht. Denn die Kontrollierbarkeit ist auf den Fahrer bezogen. Bei dem neuen Kriterium werden unter anderem der Einfluss durch die Verkehrsdichte sowie die Car-2-Car Kommunikation oder auch Fehler bzw. Ausf{\"a}lle in der Car-2-X Kommunikation (zur Infrastruktur) ber{\"u}cksichtigt.}, language = {de} } @article{HirschbergRillWeinfurter, author = {Hirschberg, W. and Rill, Georg and Weinfurter, H.}, title = {Tire model TMeasy}, series = {Vehicle System Dynamics}, volume = {45}, journal = {Vehicle System Dynamics}, number = {sup1}, publisher = {Taylor\&Francis}, doi = {10.1080/00423110701776284}, pages = {101 -- 119}, abstract = {This paper describes the semi-physical tire model TMeasy for vehicle dynamics and handling analyses, as it was applied in the 'low frequency tire models' section of the research programme tire model performance test (TMPT). Despite more or less weak testing input data, the effort for the application of TMeasy remains limited due to its consequent 'easy to use' orientation. One particular feature of TMeasy is the wide physical meaning of its smart parameter set, which allows to sustain the identification process even under uncertain conditions. After a general introduction, the modelling concept of TMeasy is compactly described in this paper. Taking the standard tire interface (STI) to multibody simulation system (MBS) software into account, the way to apply TMeasy is briefly shown. This includes three selected examples of application. The final comments of the authors on TMPT describe the experiences and earnings received during the participation in that programme.}, language = {en} } @article{ChatzitakisSafarovOpferkuchetal., author = {Chatzitakis, Paris and Safarov, Javid and Opferkuch, F. and Dawoud, Belal}, title = {Experimental investigation of an absorption heat pump with organic working pairs}, series = {Applied Thermal Engineering}, volume = {163}, journal = {Applied Thermal Engineering}, number = {December}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114311}, abstract = {As part of a systematic approach towards the search for alternative absorption heat pump (AHP) working pairs that could potentially provide comparable performance to conventional ones, a previous work performed a detailed theoretical cycle analysis and simulation that revealed concrete correlations between key working fluid thermophysical properties and AHP performance indicators. Following this work, targeted combinations of two organic refrigerants, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) and 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanol (5FP) and two organic absorbents, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) and 2-pyrrolidone (PYR) were tested in a prototype 5 kW AHP, based on a highly compact plate heat exchanger design, which has been previously introduced. The purpose of this effort was to test the findings of the previous work with experimental measurements. The working pair combinations were also subjected to vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE) and viscosity measurements, in order to determine reliable activity coefficient and improve the accuracy of the simulations. The experimental performance data agree well with the COP simulations and show to be consistent with the conclusions derived from the previous theoretical work.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KasparRabl, author = {Kaspar, Marcel and Rabl, Hans-Peter}, title = {Differenzierte Kohlenwasserstoffanalytik im Dieselabgas bei verschiedenen Motorbetriebszust{\"a}nden}, series = {12. FAD-Konferenz „Herausforderung - Agbasnachbehandlung f{\"u}r Dieselmotoren", 12, 2014, Dresden}, booktitle = {12. FAD-Konferenz „Herausforderung - Agbasnachbehandlung f{\"u}r Dieselmotoren", 12, 2014, Dresden}, publisher = {F{\"o}rderkreis Abgasnachbehandlungstechnologien f{\"u}r Verbrennungskraftmaschinen (FAD) e.V.}, pages = {45 -- 59}, abstract = {Die f{\"u}r Dieselfahrzeuge gesetzlich vorgeschriebenen Grenzwerte bez{\"u}glich der Schadstoffkomponenten Kohlenwasserstoffe und Kohlenmonoxid k{\"o}nnen nur durch den Einsatz eines Diesel-Oxidationskatalysators erf{\"u}llt werden. Um erh{\"o}hte Emissionen infolge eines gesch{\"a}digten Katalysators zu vermeiden, gilt es, dieses abgasrelevante Bauteil auch w{\"a}hrend des Betriebes zu {\"u}berwachen. Die zuk{\"u}nftigen gesetzlichen Anforderungen an die {\"U}berwachung erfordern ein Verfahren das eine zuverl{\"a}ssige und hochgenaue Diagnose zul{\"a}sst. Deshalb entwickelt eine Forschungsgemeinschaft aus Industrieunternehmen und Hochschulen einen neuartigen Kohlenwasserstoffsensor zur hochgenauen Analyse von unverbrannten Kohlenwasserstoffen im Abgasstrang. Hierf{\"u}r ist die Kohlenwasserstoffzusammensetzung des Dieselabgases bei verschiedenen Motorbetriebszust{\"a}nden zu ermitteln. Zur differenzierten Untersuchung der Kohlenwasserstoffkomponenten wurde in der Arbeit ein Massenspektrometer eingesetzt, das mit chemischer Ionisation arbeitet. Anhand eines Abgasscreenings konnte eine Reihe von Kohlenwasserstoffen (Alkane, Alkene, Alkine, Alkadiene und aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe) identifiziert werden, die typisch f{\"u}r das Dieselabgas stehen. Die Molek{\"u}le Ethin, Ethen und Propen wurden gezielt betrachtet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass bei kalten Betriebsbedingungen diese drei Komponenten etwa die H{\"a}lfte der Gesamtkohlenwasserstoffkonzentration ergeben. Ein weiterer Punkt der Untersuchungen war die Diesel-Partikelfilter-Regeneration. Wie erwartet, lassen sich Kohlenwasserstoffmolek{\"u}le mit h{\"o}heren Massen feststellen, die auf unverbrannten Dieselkraftstoff zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren sind. Anhand der Ergebnisse zeigte sich.dass sich das mit chemischer Ionisation arbeitende Massenspektrometer hervorragend f{\"u}r ein Abgasscreening eignet. Zahlreiche Kohlenwasserstoffe konnten identifiziert werden, die repr{\"a}sentativ f{\"u}r das Dieselabgas stehen. Es sollten Molek{\"u}le bei verschiedenen Motorbetriebsbedingungen untersucht werden, die einen m{\"o}glichst großen Anteil an der Gesamtkohlenwasserstoffkonzentration besitzen. Die Auswahl fiel aufgrund der gemessenen Massenspektren, vor und nach dem Diesel-Oxidationskatalysator, auf die Komponenten Ethin, Ethen und Propen. Zudem kann bei diesen Molek{\"u}len eine Masseninterferenz mit anderen Abgaskomponenten ausgeschlossen werden. Im unteren Teillastbereich und kaltem Motor machen diese Kohlenwasserstoffe bis zu 50\%, gemittelt {\"u}ber alle Messstellen vor, im und nach dem Diesel-Oxidationskatalysator, der Gesamtkohlenwasserstoffkonzentration aus. Bei betriebswarmem Motor reduziert sich ihr Anteil auf ein Drittel Die h{\"o}chste Konzentration unter den drei Komponenten besitzt dabei Propen. Mit steigendem Drehmoment nimmt der Anteil dieser drei Komponenten fortlaufend ab,was daf{\"u}r spricht, dass Molek{\"u}le mit h{\"o}heren Massen einen h{\"o}heren Anteil einnehmen. Die Kohlenwasserstoff-Emissionen bewegen sich bei diesen Motorbetriebspunkten mit betriebswarmem Katalysator jedoch bereits bei sehr niedrigen Werten. W{\"a}hrend der untersuchten Diesel-Partikelfilter-Regeneration mit sp{\"a}ten Nacheinspritzungen zur Abgastemperaturerh{\"o}hung lassen sich Molek{\"u}le mit h{\"o}heren Massen nachweisen. Diese sind typisch f{\"u}r die Reinkomponente Dieselkraftstoff. Der Anteil von Ethin, Ethen und Propen an der THC-Konzentration betr{\"a}gt dann ca. 40\%.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{BoccaraDiamantidisSykora, author = {Boccara, R. and Diamantidis, Dimitris and S{\´y}kora, Miroslav}, title = {Optimal design of ground-mounted solar systems}, series = {Safety and reliability : methodology and applications : proceedings of the European Safety and Reliability Conference, ESREL 2014, Wrocław, Poland, 14-18 September 2014}, booktitle = {Safety and reliability : methodology and applications : proceedings of the European Safety and Reliability Conference, ESREL 2014, Wrocław, Poland, 14-18 September 2014}, publisher = {CRC Press}, address = {Boca Raton}, isbn = {978-1-138-02681-0}, pages = {2175 -- 2181}, abstract = {Solar energy represents a clean, natural and sustainable source of energy. Solar photovoltaic panels can be installed on roofs of structures or in the ground. This contribution focusses on ground-mounted systems, which are presently widely implemented. At present limited guidelines on the design of solar ground-mounted structures are available. Usually standards for the design of normal buildings are applied. However, the design of ground-mounted structures significantly differs from common structural design by: (1) a lower design lifetime (20-25 years) is accepted; (2) failure is not associated with the loss of human life; (3) resistance uncertainties need due attention; (4) uplift wind forces dominating structural reliability are associated with a large scatter. That is why the reliability analysis and optimal design of ground-mounted solar systems is investigated herein. The failure costs and especially their ratio to the initial costs are analyzed considering the data provided from the industry. Probabilistic reliability analyses are carried out and optimum design levels are computed for representative cost ratios. The optimal target reliability depends on the ratio between failure and initial costs; reliability index of 3.5 corresponds to a reasonable cost ratio of 10.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KasparRablMayer, author = {Kaspar, M. and Rabl, Hans-Peter and Mayer, W.}, title = {Differenzierte Kohlenwasserstoffanalytik im Dieselabgas bei verschiedenen Motorbetriebszustaenden : Detailed hydrocarbon analysis of diesel exhaust gas at different engine operating conditions}, series = {12. FAD-Konferenz „Herausforderung - Agbasnachbehandlung f{\"u}r Dieselmotoren", 12, 2014, Dresden}, booktitle = {12. FAD-Konferenz „Herausforderung - Agbasnachbehandlung f{\"u}r Dieselmotoren", 12, 2014, Dresden}, publisher = {F{\"o}rderkreis Abgasnachbehandlungstechnologien f{\"u}r Verbrennungskraftmaschinen (FAD) e.V.}, address = {Dresden}, pages = {1 -- 35}, abstract = {Beitrag und Praesentationsmaterial eines Vortrags ueber differenzierende Kohlenwasserstoffanalytik im Dieselabgas bei verschiedenen Motorbetriebszustaenden. Mit einem neu entwickelten, hochgenauen HC-Sensor werden unverbrannte HC im Abgas untersucht. Die differenzierende Untersuchung erfolgt an einem Massenspektrometer, das mit chemischer Ionisation arbeitet. Die Molekuele Ethin, Ethen und Propen wurden gezielt betrachtet. Es zeigt sich, dass bei kalten Betriebsbedingungen diese drei Komponenten etwa die Haelfte der gesamten HC Konzentration ergeben. Ein weiterer Punkt ist die Regeneration des Dieselpartikelfilters.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KasparKleinerRabl, author = {Kaspar, Marcel and Kleiner, Florian and Rabl, Hans-Peter}, title = {Online-Analyse und Optimierung der Schmier{\"o}lverd{\"u}nnung bei direkteinspritzenden Ottomotoren}, series = {7. VDI-Fachtagung mit Fachausstellung Zylinderlaufbahn, Kolben, Pleuel : Baden-Baden, 03. und 04. Juni 2014}, booktitle = {7. VDI-Fachtagung mit Fachausstellung Zylinderlaufbahn, Kolben, Pleuel : Baden-Baden, 03. und 04. Juni 2014}, publisher = {VDI-Verlag}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, isbn = {978-3-18-092230-0}, pages = {65 -- 77}, abstract = {Bei Ottomotoren mit Direkteinspritzung besteht beim Kaltstart, den Warmlaufphasen und auch durch den Einfluss anderer Parameter wie z. B. des Einspritzzeitpunkts oder des Einspritzdrucks die Problematik, dass Kraftstoff an die Zylinderlaufbahn aufgetragen wird und sich mit dem Motor{\"o}l vermischen kann. Eine Verst{\"a}rkung dieses Kraftstoffauftrags ist unter anderem der Verschiebung der Motorbetriebspunkte zu h{\"o}heren Mitteldr{\"u}cken und damit einem Wirkungsgrad optimaleren Betrieb geschuldet. Eine Ver{\"a}nderung der physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften des Motor{\"o}ls durch die Verd{\"u}nnung mit Kraftstoff ist die Folge. Durch die Verringerung der Viskosit{\"a}t des Motor{\"o}ls kann es zu einer verminderten Schmierwirkung des {\"O}ls kommen, die im schlimmsten Fall zur Sch{\"a}digung des Motors f{\"u}hrt. Existierende Offline-Analysemethoden die zeitintensive Laboranalysen nach sich ziehen, als auch Online-Messverfahren die nicht den technischen Anforderungen hinsichtlich Genauigkeit und einer kurzen Messdauer entsprechen, stellen aktuell die einzigen Messmethoden zur Bestimmung der Schmier{\"o}lverd{\"u}nnung dar. Durch neue Entwicklungstrends bei Ottomotoren ist es jedoch unbedingt notwendig, die Mechanismen des Kraftstoffein- und -austrags in das und aus dem Motor{\"o}l genauer zu untersuchen. Mit der an der OTH Regensburg neu entwickelten Messtechnik wurde eine Vorgehensweise erarbeitet, mit der die zeitlichen Verl{\"a}ufe des Kraftstoffein- und -austragsverhaltens bei Ottomotoren quantitativ in kurzer Zeit bestimmt und optimiert werden k{\"o}nnen. Especially at cold start and the warm-up operation GDI engines have an issue with oil dilution. Parameters such as injection timing and injection pressure impact the entry of fuel in the engine oil as well. With the adjustment of engine operating points to higher mean effective pressures resulting in downsizing concepts also an additional increase of fuel entry occurs. Fuel gets into the oil pan and is mixed with the engine oil so that the physical and chemical properties of the engine oil are changed. With the reduction of engine oil viscosity due to fuel entry a reduced lubricating effect can be caused. In the worst case damage to the engine occurs, To determine oil dilution online and offline measurement methods exist. A rather long analysis time in the laboratory is a disadvantage of the offline methods. Online methods are not correlating with technical requirements in terms of accuracy and a short measurement time. New trends in the development of gasoline engines require investigations of fuel in oil sorption and desorption processes. A new measurement technique which is developed at the OTH Regensburg enables to determine quantitative fuel in oil sorption and desorption processes. With this technique a procedure was generated to measure the oil dilution at gasoline engines and optimize them in a short time.}, language = {de} } @article{Lermer, author = {Lermer, Josef}, title = {Optimierter Antriebsstrang und neuartiges Differenzial f{\"u}r einen Formula-Student-Rennwagen}, series = {ATZ-Extra}, volume = {20}, journal = {ATZ-Extra}, number = {Suppl 5}, publisher = {Springer Fachmedien GmbH}, doi = {10.1007/s35778-015-0071-4}, pages = {34 -- 39}, language = {de} } @article{KuepperArtmannPischingeretal., author = {K{\"u}pper, Carsten and Artmann, Christina and Pischinger, Stefan and Rabl, Hans-Peter}, title = {Schmier{\"o}lverd{\"u}nnung von direkteinspritzenden Ottomotoren unter Kaltstartrandbedingungen}, series = {MTZ - Motortechnische Zeitschrift}, volume = {74}, journal = {MTZ - Motortechnische Zeitschrift}, number = {9}, publisher = {Springer Vieweg}, address = {Wiesbaden}, doi = {10.1007/s35146-013-0208-1}, pages = {710 -- 715}, language = {de} } @article{KuepperArtmannPischingeretal., author = {K{\"u}pper, Carsten and Artmann, Christina and Pischinger, Stefan and Rabl, Hans-Peter}, title = {Lube-Oil Dilution of GDI Engines with Ethanol Fuels}, series = {Auto Tech Review}, volume = {3}, journal = {Auto Tech Review}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer India}, address = {New Delhi}, doi = {10.1365/s40112-014-0570-5}, pages = {30 -- 35}, language = {en} }