@article{GraggerHaumerEinhorn, author = {Gragger, Johannes V. and Haumer, Anton and Einhorn, Markus}, title = {Averaged Model of a Buck Converter for Efficiency Analysis}, series = {Engineering Letters}, volume = {18}, journal = {Engineering Letters}, address = {Hong Kong}, abstract = {In this work a buck converter model for multidomain simulations is proposed and compared with a state-of-the-art buck converter model. In the proposed model no switching events are calculated. By avoiding the computation of the switching events in power electronic models the processing time of multidomain simulations can be decreased significantly. The proposed model calculates any operation point of the buck converter in continuous inductor current conduction mode (CICM) while considering the conduction losses and switching losses. It is possible to utilize the proposed modeling approach also for other dc-to-dc converter topologies. Laboratory test results for the validation of the proposed model are included.}, language = {en} } @article{KralHaumerGrabner, author = {Kral, Christian and Haumer, Anton and Grabner, Christian}, title = {Consistent Induction Motor Parameters for the Calculation of Partial Load Efficiencies by Means of an Advanced Simulation Model}, series = {Engineering Letters}, volume = {18}, journal = {Engineering Letters}, number = {1}, address = {Hong Kong}, issn = {1816-0948}, abstract = {From the rating plate data of an induction motor the nominal efficiency can be determined. Without detailed knowledge of equivalent circuit parameters, partial load behavior cannot be computed. Therefore, a combined calculation and estimation scheme is presented, where the consistent parameters of an equivalent circuit are elaborated, exactly matching the nominal operating point. From these parameters part load efficiencies can be determined.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{EbnerHaumerSimicetal., author = {Ebner, Arno and Haumer, Anton and Simic, Dragan and Pirker, Franz}, title = {Interacting Modelica using a Named Pipe for Hardware-in-the-loop Simulation}, series = {Modelica 2006, Conference proceedings / 5th International Modelica Conference : September 4 - 5, 2006, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {Modelica 2006, Conference proceedings / 5th International Modelica Conference : September 4 - 5, 2006, Vienna, Austria}, pages = {261 -- 266}, abstract = {The paper presents a concept and an implementation of Modelica simulation interaction using the operating system inter-process communication method of the Named Pipe. The main aim of this presented work is to implement a hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) environment based on Dymola which runs on a normal Microsoft Windows Personal Com-puter. An energy storage test bench is connected by an ana-logue and digital data input/output card with the Dymola simulation computer. With this proposed system, particularly long-time simulations with sample rates up to 30 Hz can be executed very cost effective. Typical applications are simulations of drive cycles to test energy storage systems in electrified vehicles such as batteries or fuel cells. Other application ex-amples are the verification of battery models, thermal management models or battery management sys-tem (BMS) models. In this paper all methods used for implementation are described in detail. Especially the concept of inter-process communication and the concept for real-time and simulation time synchronization is discused. An application example which uses the provided concept is also shown at in this paper. In this example a longitudinal simulation of a vehicle is pre-sented. The startup phase of the internal combusting engine model and a short drive cycle in combination with a connected real battery is shown.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HongHyunKangetal., author = {Hong, Jongman and Hyun, Doosoo and Kang, Tae-june and Lee, Sang Bin and Kral, Christian and Haumer, Anton}, title = {Detection and classification of rotor demagnetization and eccentricity faults for PM synchronous motors}, series = {2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE 2011) : Energy conversion innovation for a clean energy future ; Phoenix, Arizona, USA, 17.-22.09.2011}, booktitle = {2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE 2011) : Energy conversion innovation for a clean energy future ; Phoenix, Arizona, USA, 17.-22.09.2011}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, isbn = {978-1-4577-0542-7}, issn = {2329-3721}, doi = {10.1109/ECCE.2011.6064103}, pages = {2512 -- 2519}, abstract = {Condition monitoring of rotor problems such as demagnetization and eccentricity in permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) is essential for guaranteeing high motor performance, efficiency, and reliability. However, there are many limitations to the off-line and on-line methods currently used for PMSM rotor quality assessment. In this paper, an inverter-embedded technique for automated detection and classification of PMSM rotor faults is proposed as an alternative. The main concept is to use the inverter to perform a test whenever the motor is stopped, to detect rotor faults independent of operating conditions or load torque oscillations, which is not possible with motor current signature analysis (MCSA). The d-axis is excited with a dc+ac signal, and the variation in the inductance pattern due to the change in the degree of magnetic saturation caused by demagnetization or eccentricity is observed for fault detection. An experimental study on a 7.5kW PMSM verifies that demagnetization and eccentricity can be detected and classified independent of the load with high sensitivity.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HongLeeKraletal., author = {Hong, Jongman and Lee, Sang Bin and Kral, Christian and Haumer, Anton}, title = {Detection of airgap eccentricity for permanent magnet synchronous motors based on the d-axis inductance}, series = {8th IEEE International Symposium on Diagnostics for Electric Machines, Power Electronics \& Drives (SDEMPED), 2011 // 05. - 08.09.2011, Bologna, Italy}, booktitle = {8th IEEE International Symposium on Diagnostics for Electric Machines, Power Electronics \& Drives (SDEMPED), 2011 // 05. - 08.09.2011, Bologna, Italy}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, isbn = {978-1-4244-9301-2}, doi = {10.1109/DEMPED.2011.6063651}, pages = {378 -- 384}, abstract = {The majority of the work performed for detecting eccentricity faults for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) focus on motor current signature analysis (MCSA), as it provides continuous on-line monitoring with existing current sensors. However, MCSA cannot be applied under nonstationary conditions and cannot distinguish faults with load torque oscillations, which are limitations for many PMSM drive applications. In this paper, it is shown that the d-axis inductance, L d , decreases with increase in the severity of eccentricity due to the change in the degree of magnetic saturation, and it is proposed as a new fault indicator. The inverter can be used to perform a standstill test automatically whenever the motor is stopped, to measure L d for eccentricity testing independent of load variations or oscillations, which is not possible with MCSA. An FE and experimental study on a 10hp PMSM verifies that eccentricity can be detected independent of the load with high sensitivity and reliability.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HaumerKral, author = {Haumer, Anton and Kral, Christian}, title = {Modeling a Mains connected PWM Converter with Voltage-Oriented Control}, series = {Proceedings of the 8th International Modelica Conference, Technical Univeristy, Dresden, Germany, 20.-22.03.2011}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th International Modelica Conference, Technical Univeristy, Dresden, Germany, 20.-22.03.2011}, publisher = {Link{\"o}ping University Electronic Press}, doi = {10.3384/ecp11063388}, pages = {388 -- 397}, abstract = {The majority of industrial controlled induction machine drives are connected to the mains via a diode bridge. However; if reduction of harmonic currents and / or regenerative operation is desired; replacing the diode bridge by an active front-end (AFE) is required. This paper describes two models of an AFE: a power balance model disregarding switching effects; and an ideal switching model of a pulse width modulation (PWM) converter. Both models are controlled utilizing space phasors in a voltage oriented reference frame. Voltage oriented control (VOC) of the mains converter can be compared with field oriented control (FOC) of a machine converter. Design and parametrization of the main parts—synchronization with mains voltage; current controller and DC voltage controller—are described in detail. Additionally; simulation results proving the implementation and demonstrating possible investigations as well as an outlook on further enhancements are presented.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HaumerKral, author = {Haumer, Anton and Kral, Christian}, title = {The New EDrives Library: A Modular Tool for Engineering of Electric Drives}, series = {Proceedings of the 10th International Modelica Conference, March 10-12, 2014, Lund, Sweden}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th International Modelica Conference, March 10-12, 2014, Lund, Sweden}, publisher = {Link{\"o}ping University Electronic Press}, isbn = {978-91-7519-380-9}, issn = {1650-3686}, doi = {10.3384/ecp14096155}, pages = {155 -- 163}, abstract = {Simulation is an indispensable tool for the engineering of systems containing electric drives. Depending on the design phase and the engineering task different levels of modeling details are required: proof of concept; investigation of energy and power consumption; design of control; etc. The new EDrives library provides three levels of abstraction for inverters: quasi static (neglecting electrical transients); averaging (neglecting switching effects) and switching - for serving different demands. The inverters can feed the machine models of the Modelica Standard Library: Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave and the new Modelica.Magnetic.QuasiStatic.FundamentalWave. The EDrives library copes with arbitrary phase numbers and can be easily extended to develop new control algorithms. In this publication the structure of the library and the implemented control principles are presented. Furthermore; examples comparing the three different levels of abstraction are included.}, language = {en} } @incollection{GrabnerGraggerKapelleretal., author = {Grabner, Christian and Gragger, Johannes V. and Kapeller, Hansj{\"o}rg and Haumer, Anton and Kral, Christian}, title = {Sensorless PM-Drive Aspects}, series = {Electronic Engineering and Computing Technology}, booktitle = {Electronic Engineering and Computing Technology}, editor = {Ao, Sio-Iong and Gelman, Len}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, isbn = {978-90-481-8775-1}, doi = {10.1007/978-90-481-8776-8_3}, pages = {25 -- 35}, abstract = {The development procedure of permanent magnet drives for sensor less operation beginning from standstill under overload conditions has to consider different design aspects coevally. First, the robust rotor position sensing by test signal enforces a design with a strongly different behavior of the spatial dq-oriented differential inductance values. Therefore, the interior rotor magnet array arrangement is from principle predestinated for the controlled sensor less mode including standstill. Fortunately, in order to reduce costs, the distinct reluctance torque capability of such interior magnet arrangement is additionally used for a significantly increased torque by applying a pre-oriented stator current space vectors within the quasi-steady control.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HaumerKral, author = {Haumer, Anton and Kral, Christian}, title = {Motor Management of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines}, series = {Proceedings of the 9th International MODELICA Conference; September 3-5; 2012; Munich; Germany}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th International MODELICA Conference; September 3-5; 2012; Munich; Germany}, editor = {Otter, Martin and Zimmer, Dirk}, publisher = {Link{\"o}ping University Electronic Press}, isbn = {978-91-7519-826-2}, issn = {1650-3686}, doi = {10.3384/ecp12076159}, pages = {159 -- 166}, abstract = {Two state-of-the-art machine designs are mainly used in recent electric and hybrid electric vehicles: asynchronous induction machines with squirrel cage which are robust but need a current component to excite the magnetic field; and permanent magnet synchronous machines which rely on somehow more sensible parts but the magnets are able to excite a magnetic field without current. However; if speed gets high enough to reach the field weakening range; for both machine the field oriented control has to prescribe a field current sufficient to reduce the field not to exceed the voltage limits of the stator circuit. Especially for the permanent magnet synchronous machine this paper investigates whether it is possible to determine an optimal field current for every operation point to minimize either total current consumption or losses.}, language = {en} } @incollection{KapellerHaumerKraletal., author = {Kapeller, Hansj{\"o}rg and Haumer, Anton and Kral, Christian and Grabner, Christian}, title = {Different Designs of Large Chipper Drives}, series = {Electronic Engineering and Computing Technology}, booktitle = {Electronic Engineering and Computing Technology}, editor = {Ao, Sio-Iong and Gelman, Len}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, isbn = {978-90-481-8775-1}, doi = {10.1007/978-90-481-8776-8_9}, pages = {93 -- 104}, abstract = {This paper presents two simulation models for two variants of a large chipper drive used in a paper mill. If a slip ring induction motor is used, the impact of a rotor circuit rheostat with respect to starting behavior and heavy duty load impulses can be examined. Furthermore a speed controlled squirrel cage induction machine will be investigated. The modeling language for both drives is Modelica. The simulation results for both drives are compared and discussed.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KralHaumerBogomolovetal., author = {Kral, Christian and Haumer, Anton and Bogomolov, Maxim and Lomonova, Elena}, title = {Harmonic wave model of a permanent magnet synchronous machine for modeling partial demagnetization under short circuit conditions}, series = {2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM 2012) ; Marseille, France, 2 - 5 September 2012}, booktitle = {2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM 2012) ; Marseille, France, 2 - 5 September 2012}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, isbn = {978-1-4673-0142-8}, doi = {10.1109/ICElMach.2012.6349880}, pages = {295 -- 301}, abstract = {This paper proposes a multi domain physical model of permanent magnet synchronous machines, considering electrical, magnetic, thermal and mechanical effects. For each component of the model, the main wave as well as lower and higher harmonic wave components of the magnetic flux and the magnetic potential difference may be considered. The permanent magnets are modeled as discrete azimuthal segments in order to consider possible partial demagnetization effects. For each magnet segment a linearized temperature dependent B-H curve is considered. The main advantage of the presented model is that time transient operational behavior of a permanent magnet synchronous machine can be considered under various electrical, magnetic, thermal and mechanical conditions. The electromagnetic condition of surface magnet machine is compared with finite element analysis.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KralHaumerWoehrnschimmel, author = {Kral, Christian and Haumer, Anton and W{\"o}hrnschimmel, Reinhard}, title = {Extension of the FundamentalWave Library towards Multi Phase Electric Machine Models}, series = {Proceedings of the 10th International Modelica Conference, March 10-12, 2014, Lund, Sweden}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th International Modelica Conference, March 10-12, 2014, Lund, Sweden}, publisher = {Link{\"o}ping University Electronic Press}, isbn = {978-91-7519-380-9}, issn = {1650-3686}, doi = {10.3384/ecp14096135}, pages = {135 -- 143}, abstract = {Abstract Electric machine theory and electric machine simulations models are often limited to three phases. Up to the Modelica Standard Libray (MSL) version 3.2 the provided machine models were limited to three phases. Particularly for large industrial drives and for redundancy reasons in electric vehicles and aircrafts multi phase electric machines are demanded. In the MSL 3.2.1 an extension of the existing FundamentalWave library has been performed to cope with phase numbers greater than or equal to three. The developed machine models are fully incorporating the multi phase electric; magnetic; rotational and thermal domain. In this publication the theoretical background of the machines models; Modelica implementation details; the parametrization of the models and simulation examples are presented.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KralHaumerLee, author = {Kral, Christian and Haumer, Anton and Lee, Sang Bin}, title = {Robust thermal model for the estimation of rotor cage and stator winding temperatures of induction machines}, series = {2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines ; Marseille, France, 02.- 05.09.2012}, booktitle = {2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines ; Marseille, France, 02.- 05.09.2012}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, isbn = {978-1-4673-0142-8}, doi = {10.1109/ICElMach.2012.6350127}, pages = {1810 -- 1816}, abstract = {In this paper a new model for the estimation of the stator winding and rotor cage temperatures of induction machines is presented. This model can be used in series applications of machines operated under dynamic load conditions where stator and rotor temperature shall be monitored. The proposed model relies on a simplified lumped element thermal equivalent circuit model where the stator core temperature serves as input quantity. The great advantage of this model is that it covers ambient and cooling conditions inherently. This leads to great simplicity and robustness. The parametrization and validation of the model through experimental data is presented. Advantages, drawbacks and possible implementations are discussed.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KralHaumerLee, author = {Kral, Christian and Haumer, Anton and Lee, Sang Bin}, title = {Innovative thermal model for the estimation of permanent magnet and stator winding temperatures}, series = {2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE 2012) ; Raleigh, NC, USA 15.09.-20.09.2012}, booktitle = {2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE 2012) ; Raleigh, NC, USA 15.09.-20.09.2012}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, isbn = {978-1-4673-0803-8}, issn = {2329-3721}, doi = {10.1109/ECCE.2012.6342386}, pages = {2704 -- 2711}, abstract = {In this paper an innovative thermal model for the determination of the temperatures of the permanent magnets and stator windings is presented. This model relies on one temperature sensor located in the stator core of the machine. The estimated stator winding and permanent magnet temperatures are determined by a simplified thermal lumped element network model with only two time constants. Due to the structure of the model and the measured stator core temperature the proposed thermal model is very robust. Distortion of the cooling circuit are inherently sensed such that the model can be used for the online prediction of temperatures. Experimental results based on an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine are presented to validate the presented model.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KralHaumer, author = {Kral, Christian and Haumer, Anton}, title = {The New FundamentalWave Library for Modeling Rotating Electrical Three Phase Machines}, series = {Proceedings of the 8th International Modelica Conference; March 20th-22nd; Technical Univeristy; Dresden; Germany}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th International Modelica Conference; March 20th-22nd; Technical Univeristy; Dresden; Germany}, publisher = {University Electronic Press}, address = {Link{\"o}ping}, isbn = {978-91-7393-096-3}, issn = {1650-3686}, doi = {10.3384/ecp11063170}, pages = {170 -- 179}, abstract = {This paper introduces the new FundemantalWave library which is included in the Modelica Standard Library 3.2. The presented Modelica package provides models and components of rotating electrical three phase machines. The presented electrical machine models are fully compatible with the original Machines library of the electrical domain but rely on the concept of the magnetic potential and magnetic flux fundamental waves. In this article; the connector concept; the components and electric machine models of the FundemantalWave package will be explained. Additionally; the didactic advantages and the flexibility of the proposed package in with respect to considering more enhanced and sophisticated effects will be discussed.}, language = {en} } @incollection{KralHaumerGrabner, author = {Kral, Christian and Haumer, Anton and Grabner, Christian}, title = {Determination of Consistent Induction Motor Parameters}, series = {Electronic Engineering and Computing Technology}, volume = {60}, booktitle = {Electronic Engineering and Computing Technology}, editor = {Ao, Sio-Iong and Gelman, Len}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, isbn = {978-90-481-8775-1}, doi = {10.1007/978-90-481-8776-8_7}, pages = {71 -- 80}, abstract = {From the rating plate data of an induction motor the nominal efficiency can be determined. Without detailed knowledge of equivalent circuit parameters, partial load behavior cannot be computed. Therefore, a combined calculation and estimation scheme is presented, where the consistent parameters of an equivalent circuit are elaborated, exactly matching the nominal operating point. From these parameters part load efficiencies can be determined.}, language = {en} } @incollection{KralHaumerGrabner, author = {Kral, Christian and Haumer, Anton and Grabner, Christian}, title = {Broken Rotor Bars in Squirrel Cage Induction Machines - Modeling and Simulation}, series = {Electronic Engineering and Computing Technology}, booktitle = {Electronic Engineering and Computing Technology}, editor = {Ao, Sio-Iong and Gelman, Len}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, isbn = {978-90-481-8775-1}, doi = {10.1007/978-90-481-8776-8_8}, pages = {81 -- 91}, abstract = {This paper presents a physical model of a squirrel cage induction machine with rotor topology. The machine is modeled in Modelica, an object oriented multi physical modeling system. The presented machine model is used to investigate electrical rotor asymmetries in induction machines. For the case of a single broken rotor bar a simulation model is compared with measurement results.}, language = {en} } @incollection{KralHaumer, author = {Kral, Christian and Haumer, Anton}, title = {Object Oriented Modeling of Rotating Electrical Machines}, series = {Advances in Computer Science and Engineering}, booktitle = {Advances in Computer Science and Engineering}, editor = {Schmidt, Matthias}, publisher = {IntechOpen}, isbn = {978-953-307-173-2}, doi = {10.5772/15898}, pages = {135 -- 160}, language = {en} } @article{KralHaumerKapelleretal., author = {Kral, Christian and Haumer, Anton and Kapeller, Hansj{\"o}rg and Pirker, Franz}, title = {Design and Thermal Simulation of Induction Machines for Traction in Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles}, series = {World Electric Vehicle Journal}, volume = {1}, journal = {World Electric Vehicle Journal}, number = {1}, publisher = {MDPI}, issn = {2032-6653}, doi = {10.3390/wevj1010190}, pages = {190 -- 196}, abstract = {An electric traction machine for an electric or a hybrid electric vehicle is usually designed for a specific operating point or cycle. For such an operating point or cycle, the masses and the cooling circuit of the electric machine determine the time dependent temperature distribution within the machine. For a specific load cycle, the thermal simulation of the machine can reveal possible mass and size reductions for a given insulation class of the machine. In addition, such simulations allow the comparison of various cooling concepts. In the machine design process, the first step is a conventional electromagnetic machine design. From the geometric data of this design and the material properties, the parameters of a thermal equivalent circuit can be derived. The differential and algebraic equations of the thermal equivalent circuit are solved by a simulation tool to predict the temperatures of the critical parts in the electric machine. A thermal equivalent circuit is accurate enough to predict the thermal behavior of the critical parts in the electric machine, and yet not too complex, to obtain simulation results with moderate numerical effort. This enables an iterative design process to optimize the drive.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Haumer, author = {Haumer, Anton}, title = {Modeling and Control Design of an Educational Magnetic Levitation System}, series = {Proceedings of the 15th International Modelica Conference 2023, Aachen, October 9-11}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th International Modelica Conference 2023, Aachen, October 9-11}, publisher = {Link{\"o}ping University Electronic Press}, issn = {1650-3686}, doi = {10.3384/ecp204763}, abstract = {A magnetic levitation system is a perfect educational example of a nonlinear unstable system. Only with suitable control, a small permanent magnet can be held floating stable below a coil. After modeling and simulation of the system, control of the system can be developed. At the end, the control algorithm can be coded on a microcontroller, connected to a pilot plant.}, language = {en} }