@article{MuehlbauerKeinerGerhardsetal., author = {M{\"u}hlbauer, Andreas and Keiner, Dominik and Gerhards, Christoph and Caldera, Upeksha and Sterner, Michael and Breyer, Christian}, title = {Assessment of technologies and economics for carbon dioxide removal from a portfolio perspective}, series = {International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control}, volume = {141}, journal = {International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijggc.2024.104297}, pages = {25}, abstract = {Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is essential to achieve ambitious climate goals limiting global warming to less than 1.5◦C, and likely for achieving the 1.5◦C target. This study addresses the need for diverse CDR portfolios and introduces the LUT-CDR tool, which assesses CDR technology portfolios aligned with hypothetical societal preferences. Six scenarios are described, considering global deployment limitations, techno-economic factors, area requirements, technology readiness, and storage security for various CDR options. The results suggest the feasibility of large-scale CDR, potentially removing 500-1750 GtCO2 by 2100 to meet the set climate targets. For a 1.0◦C climate goal, CDR portfolios necessitate 12.0-37.5\% more primary energy compared to a scenario without CDR. Remarkably, funding a 1.0◦C target requires only 0.42-0.65\% of the projected global gross domestic product. Bioenergy carbon capture and sequestration and rainfall-based afforestation play limited roles, while secure sequestration of captured CO2 via direct air capture, electricity-based carbon sequestration, and desalination-based afforestation emerge as more promising options. The study offers crucial techno-economic parameters for implementing CDR options in future energy-industry-CDR system analyses and demonstrates the tool's flexibility through alternative assumptions. It also discusses limitations, sensitivities, potential tradeoffs, and outlines options for future research in the area of large-scale CDR.}, language = {en} } @article{KeinerWalterBogdanovetal., author = {Keiner, Dominik and Walter, Lukas and Bogdanov, Dmitrii and Peters, Ian Marius and Breyer, Christian}, title = {Assessing the impact of bifacial solar photovoltaics on future power systems based on capacity-density-optimised power plant yield modelling}, series = {Solar Energy}, volume = {295}, journal = {Solar Energy}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2025.113543}, pages = {35}, abstract = {Bifacial solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is currently taking over the solar PV module market, exceeding a 90\% share in 2025. This important technology must be included in energy system modelling. This study provides a method for calculating the yield of monofacial and bifacial power plants in fixed-tilted, single-axis tracking, and east-west facing vertical setup. A novel method is introduced to maximise the capacity density of solar PV power plants without the need for detailed land cost for the most efficient use of the occupied area. The results indicate a 15-20\% yield gain from single-axis tracking compared to fixed-tilted power plants, and a limited bifacial gain of up to 10\% for most areas of the world. Higher bifacial gains are sporadically possible in specific conditions. Fixed-tilted systems show higher bifacial gains. Optimising tilt angles and row pitch would allow for 147 MW/ km2 capacity density today, though on average 70-110 MW/km2 can be achieved for 20.2\% module efficiency. The impact on the power system, studied in a free cost optimisation scenario and forcing vertical bifacial PV scenario, implying agrivoltaics, is not significant with a +/- 10\% change in total solar PV capacity, change in installed wind power of on average-10\%, increase of installed battery capacity of on average 5\%, and an on average changed levelised cost of electricity of-2\% globally. Bifacial solar PV technology has been found to be beneficial but no game changer for future power systems; system improvements are widely possible underlining the important role of this technology.}, language = {en} } @article{DoepfertCandasKrausetal., author = {Doepfert, Markus and Candas, Soner and Kraus, Hermann and Tzscheutschler, Peter and Hamacher, Thomas}, title = {Assessing the techno-economic benefits of LEMs for different grid topologies and prosumer shares}, series = {iScience}, volume = {28}, journal = {iScience}, number = {6}, publisher = {Elsevier - Cell Press}, doi = {10.1016/j.isci.2025.112493}, abstract = {The shift toward decentralized and renewable energy sources has introduced significant challenges to traditional power systems, necessitating innovative market designs. Local energy markets present a viable solution for integrating distributed energy resources such as photovoltaic systems, electric vehicles, and heat pumps. This study investigates the techno-economic implications of local energy markets compared to conventional market designs, focusing on their impact on average energy prices and operational peak power. Through comprehensive simulations across various grid topologies with varying penetration levels of the distributed energy resources, totaling 400 simulation setups, we demonstrate that local energy markets can enhance economic efficiency and grid stability with 99\% of the scenarios boasting lower average energy prices and 80\% lower operational peak power levels. The findings suggest that local energy markets can play a role in the future energy system, provided that additional infrastructure, management costs, and bureaucratic complexity are kept to a minimum.}, language = {en} } @article{DahmenBogenbergerWeikl, author = {Dahmen, Victoria and Bogenberger, Klaus and Weikl, Simone}, title = {Modellierung des Verkehrsmittelwahlverhaltens mittels erkl{\"a}rbarem Maschinellem Lernen}, series = {Straßenverkehrstechnik}, volume = {69}, journal = {Straßenverkehrstechnik}, number = {2}, publisher = {Kirschbaum}, issn = {0039-2219}, doi = {10.53184/SVT2-2025-3}, pages = {96 -- 102}, abstract = {Die Modellierung der Verkehrsmittelwahl ist f{\"u}r die Vorhersage und das Verst{\"a}ndnis des Mobilit{\"a}tsverhaltens unerl{\"a}sslich. Hierbei wurden in den letzten Jahren mit maschinellem Lernen vielversprechende Ergebnisse erzielt, insbesondere f{\"u}r XGBoost- und Random-Forest-Modelle. Aufgrund der zunehmenden Verwendung von Tracking-basierten Smartphone-Apps zur Aufzeichnung des Mobilit{\"a}tsverhaltens, wenden wir diese Modelle auf einen solchen Datensatz an. Zudem analysieren wir eingehend deren Interpretierbarkeit. Wir kommen zu dem Schluss, dass das XGBoost-Modell am leistungsst{\"a}rksten und dennoch erkl{\"a}rbar ist. Die von solchen Modellen gewonnenen Erkenntnisse k{\"o}nnen beispielsweise genutzt werden, um die Verkehrsmittelwahl f{\"u}r beliebige Quelle-Ziel-Paare vorherzusagen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{ReichelGerstnerSchilleretal., author = {Reichel, Tobias and Gerstner, Mathias and Schiller, Leo and Attenberger, Andreas and Hackenberg, Rudolf and Dološ, Klara}, title = {A forensic analysis of GNSS spoofing attacks on autonomous vehicles}, series = {Cloud Computing 2025 : The Sixteenth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, 06.-10. April 2025, Valencia}, booktitle = {Cloud Computing 2025 : The Sixteenth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, 06.-10. April 2025, Valencia}, organization = {IARIA}, isbn = {978-1-68558-258-6}, issn = {2308-4294}, pages = {32 -- 39}, abstract = {Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) are essential for modern technology, enabling precise geographic positioning in aviation, maritime shipping, and automotive systems. In the future, their role will be even more critical for autonomous vehicles, which rely on accurate localization for navigation and decision-making. However, the increasing connectivity of autonomous vehicles exposes them to cyber threats, including GNSS spoofing attacks, which manipulate location data to mislead onboard systems. As reliance on GNSS grows, so does the risk posed by spoofing attacks, making it a critical security concern. This paper describes GNSS spoofing attacks on autonomous vehicles, focusing on their detection both during and after an attack. Furthermore, we analyze data storage strategies to facilitate effective forensic analysis. We highlight the importance of position, signal, and camera data, which should be preserved to ensure a comprehensive forensic investigation. Finally, we suggest a simulation setup that enables studying which data could be used for a forensic investigation. Additionally, we examine established data frameworks and decide whether they are suitable for detecting GNSS spoofing attacks.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{MeisingerHofrichterBaueretal., author = {Meisinger, Alexander and Hofrichter, Andreas and Bauer, Franz and Sterner, Michael}, title = {Unlocking Potential Energy Partnerships in Europe: a Case Study on the Way to a Franco-German Energy Transition}, publisher = {SSRN}, doi = {10.2139/ssrn.5251699}, pages = {23}, abstract = {Global warming is already causing global destabilization. Geopolitical challenges fuel this instability and highlight the need for trusted energy partnerships to ensure energy security. To limit global warming and increase energy security, it is essential to take joint action on an international and global scale. The European Green Deal contributes to this. However, specific national actions are still needed. This research presents a way forward for a Franco-German energy transition and unlocks the potential of energy partnerships within Europe, using a cost-based, sector-coupled optimization model. Both countries are coupled via an isolated country optimization approach. Thus, the focus is on the development of each national energy system. The results highlight the increase of energy security in line with the European Green Deal. The main pillars of the energy transition are solar energy (32- 33\%), wind energy (25-38\%) and biogenic energy sources (13-27\%). Nuclear power is being phased out in Germany and France. The results show that a Franco-German energy partnership has great potential. Overall, France can cost-effectively cover 25\% of Germany's hydrogen import needs (122 TWh) in 2050. At the same time, France can also benefit from the energy partnership in terms of economic growth and joint action to mitigate climate crisis.}, language = {en} } @techreport{VolkenhoffGerstenbergerBreitbarthetal., author = {Volkenhoff, Tobias and Gerstenberger, Marcus and Breitbarth, Lutz and Carstensen, Christian and D{\"o}lger, Reiner and Feldges, Michael and Hegewald, Jessica and Mutzbauer, Johannes and Rose, Martin and Schopf, Hans J{\"u}rgen and Schroth, Max and Schwietering, Christoph and Seidel, Christian and Sievers, Ariane and Spangler, Matthias and Trupat, Stefan and {\"U}st{\"u}n, Ellen}, title = {H NBA - Hinweise zum Einsatz von Netzbeeinflussungsanlagen}, number = {310/1}, edition = {Ausgabe 2025}, publisher = {FGSV}, address = {K{\"o}ln}, isbn = {978-3-86646-434-8}, pages = {94}, language = {de} } @misc{BirettSchummHofrichteretal., author = {Birett, Falk and Schumm, Leon and Hofrichter, Andreas and Heusgen, Valentin and Rahim, Stefan}, title = {Wasserstoffatlas Deutschland (Hydrogen Map) [Data set]}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.13960465}, abstract = {Input files required for Hydrogen Map workflow in the project "Wasserstoffatlas Deutschland", funded by the BMBF.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HinterreiterBruecklRauch, author = {Hinterreiter, Marion and Br{\"u}ckl, Oliver and Rauch, Johannes}, title = {Methodology for long-term reactive power forecasts of medium-voltage grids}, series = {NEIS 2025 : Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems, Hamburg, September 15 - 16, 2025}, booktitle = {NEIS 2025 : Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems, Hamburg, September 15 - 16, 2025}, editor = {Schulz, Detlef}, publisher = {VDE Verlag}, isbn = {978-3-8007-6633-8}, pages = {218 -- 223}, abstract = {Understanding and assessing the long-term behavior of reactive power is crucial for power system planning and invest-ment decisions. This is particularly growing relevant for the lower voltage-grid levels, which are gaining importance due to significant changes in grid behavior, operational strategies, energy generation and consumption patterns. Currently, standardized methodologies for forecasting reactive power in medium-voltage grids are lacking, creating a gap in research and practical applications. To optimize grid investments and expansions, informed decisions based on reliable research and accurate forecasts are essential. This paper presents a methodology for long-term reactive power forecasting in me-dium-voltage grids, introducing a new approach to account for low- and medium-voltage grid interactions while address-ing common challenges like limited available grid data and scenario framework definition. The aim of the forecast is the future reactive power behaviour of a medium-voltage-grid at the high-voltage side of the high-voltage to medium-voltage transformer. The medium-voltage-level is modelled using a grid model approach, while low-voltage grids are being mod-elled using generic distribution grids. A 209-bus medium-voltage-grid model is used as an application example and to provide two exemplary use cases for a reactive power forecast for 2045.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{StadlerKrausBrueckl, author = {Stadler, Andreas and Kraus, Hermann and Br{\"u}ckl, Oliver}, title = {Proposing an Optimization Model for a techno-economic Evaluation of Energy Storage Systems}, series = {PESS 2025 - IEEE Power and Energy Student Summit, October 08 - 10, 2025 in Munich, Germany}, booktitle = {PESS 2025 - IEEE Power and Energy Student Summit, October 08 - 10, 2025 in Munich, Germany}, editor = {Technische Universit{\"a}t M{\"u}nchen,}, publisher = {VDE}, isbn = {978-3-8007-6656-7}, pages = {97 -- 102}, abstract = {During the global energy crisis in 2022, electricity prices increased drastically. This lead, together with an overall higher price volatility to possibly higher electrical energy storage system (ESS) profitability. To test if the investment in an ESS can now be more profitable, an approach for a techno-economic evaluation of ESS is presented in this paper, using an optimization algorithm to determine the optimal way of covering a load flow profile with electricity trading products on the electricity market with and without the use of an energy storage system. The cost differences between using or not using the storage system are assumed to be the profits of the ESS, which must exceed the (interest-bearing) investment costs over its lifetime. The correct way of operation of the optimization model is validated and several storage sizes and capacities as well as several years of the electricity market data was analyzed, once with a perfect forecast of all prices of the electricity trading products and once with a forecast based on the previous years purchasing strategy. The results show that, using the prognosis and a 2 \% p.a. interest rate, only the storage combinations for 2.5 MWh/ 2.5 MW and 1 MWh/ 1 MW show profitability in 2023, whereas 2017 and 2020 show no profitability.}, language = {en} }