@article{BauerSterner, author = {Bauer, Franz and Sterner, Michael}, title = {Impacts of lifestyle changes on energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions in Germany}, series = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews}, volume = {207}, journal = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1364-0321}, doi = {10.1016/j.rser.2024.114944}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-77682}, pages = {17}, abstract = {Most energy scenario studies typically focus on technological options and fuel substitution for decarbonising future energy systems. Lifestyle changes are rarely considered, although they can significantly reduce energy demand and climate change mitigation efforts. By using an energy system model, this study shows that it is possible to reduce final energy demand in Germany by 61 \% in 2050 relative to 2019 levels, resulting in an annual per capita energy demand of 44 GJ for a representative country of the Global North. This goal can be achieved through a combination of technological measures and lifestyle changes without sacrificing a decent standard of living. Societal chances can eliminate reliance on not-yet-established negative emission technologies, reduce energy dependency, and reduce the need for energy-intensive hydrogen and e-fuels. Downsizing the energy system provides an opportunity for strengthening climate change mitigation, decrease material demand and reduce land use.}, language = {en} } @article{MuehlbauerKeinerGerhardsetal., author = {M{\"u}hlbauer, Andreas and Keiner, Dominik and Gerhards, Christoph and Caldera, Upeksha and Sterner, Michael and Breyer, Christian}, title = {Assessment of technologies and economics for carbon dioxide removal from a portfolio perspective}, series = {International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control}, volume = {141}, journal = {International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijggc.2024.104297}, pages = {25}, abstract = {Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is essential to achieve ambitious climate goals limiting global warming to less than 1.5◦C, and likely for achieving the 1.5◦C target. This study addresses the need for diverse CDR portfolios and introduces the LUT-CDR tool, which assesses CDR technology portfolios aligned with hypothetical societal preferences. Six scenarios are described, considering global deployment limitations, techno-economic factors, area requirements, technology readiness, and storage security for various CDR options. The results suggest the feasibility of large-scale CDR, potentially removing 500-1750 GtCO2 by 2100 to meet the set climate targets. For a 1.0◦C climate goal, CDR portfolios necessitate 12.0-37.5\% more primary energy compared to a scenario without CDR. Remarkably, funding a 1.0◦C target requires only 0.42-0.65\% of the projected global gross domestic product. Bioenergy carbon capture and sequestration and rainfall-based afforestation play limited roles, while secure sequestration of captured CO2 via direct air capture, electricity-based carbon sequestration, and desalination-based afforestation emerge as more promising options. The study offers crucial techno-economic parameters for implementing CDR options in future energy-industry-CDR system analyses and demonstrates the tool's flexibility through alternative assumptions. It also discusses limitations, sensitivities, potential tradeoffs, and outlines options for future research in the area of large-scale CDR.}, language = {en} } @article{KeinerWalterBogdanovetal., author = {Keiner, Dominik and Walter, Lukas and Bogdanov, Dmitrii and Peters, Ian Marius and Breyer, Christian}, title = {Assessing the impact of bifacial solar photovoltaics on future power systems based on capacity-density-optimised power plant yield modelling}, series = {Solar Energy}, volume = {295}, journal = {Solar Energy}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2025.113543}, pages = {35}, abstract = {Bifacial solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is currently taking over the solar PV module market, exceeding a 90\% share in 2025. This important technology must be included in energy system modelling. This study provides a method for calculating the yield of monofacial and bifacial power plants in fixed-tilted, single-axis tracking, and east-west facing vertical setup. A novel method is introduced to maximise the capacity density of solar PV power plants without the need for detailed land cost for the most efficient use of the occupied area. The results indicate a 15-20\% yield gain from single-axis tracking compared to fixed-tilted power plants, and a limited bifacial gain of up to 10\% for most areas of the world. Higher bifacial gains are sporadically possible in specific conditions. Fixed-tilted systems show higher bifacial gains. Optimising tilt angles and row pitch would allow for 147 MW/ km2 capacity density today, though on average 70-110 MW/km2 can be achieved for 20.2\% module efficiency. The impact on the power system, studied in a free cost optimisation scenario and forcing vertical bifacial PV scenario, implying agrivoltaics, is not significant with a +/- 10\% change in total solar PV capacity, change in installed wind power of on average-10\%, increase of installed battery capacity of on average 5\%, and an on average changed levelised cost of electricity of-2\% globally. Bifacial solar PV technology has been found to be beneficial but no game changer for future power systems; system improvements are widely possible underlining the important role of this technology.}, language = {en} } @article{DoepfertCandasKrausetal., author = {Doepfert, Markus and Candas, Soner and Kraus, Hermann and Tzscheutschler, Peter and Hamacher, Thomas}, title = {Assessing the techno-economic benefits of LEMs for different grid topologies and prosumer shares}, series = {iScience}, volume = {28}, journal = {iScience}, number = {6}, publisher = {Elsevier - Cell Press}, doi = {10.1016/j.isci.2025.112493}, abstract = {The shift toward decentralized and renewable energy sources has introduced significant challenges to traditional power systems, necessitating innovative market designs. Local energy markets present a viable solution for integrating distributed energy resources such as photovoltaic systems, electric vehicles, and heat pumps. This study investigates the techno-economic implications of local energy markets compared to conventional market designs, focusing on their impact on average energy prices and operational peak power. Through comprehensive simulations across various grid topologies with varying penetration levels of the distributed energy resources, totaling 400 simulation setups, we demonstrate that local energy markets can enhance economic efficiency and grid stability with 99\% of the scenarios boasting lower average energy prices and 80\% lower operational peak power levels. The findings suggest that local energy markets can play a role in the future energy system, provided that additional infrastructure, management costs, and bureaucratic complexity are kept to a minimum.}, language = {en} } @article{DahmenBogenbergerWeikl, author = {Dahmen, Victoria and Bogenberger, Klaus and Weikl, Simone}, title = {Modellierung des Verkehrsmittelwahlverhaltens mittels erkl{\"a}rbarem Maschinellem Lernen}, series = {Straßenverkehrstechnik}, volume = {69}, journal = {Straßenverkehrstechnik}, number = {2}, publisher = {Kirschbaum}, issn = {0039-2219}, doi = {10.53184/SVT2-2025-3}, pages = {96 -- 102}, abstract = {Die Modellierung der Verkehrsmittelwahl ist f{\"u}r die Vorhersage und das Verst{\"a}ndnis des Mobilit{\"a}tsverhaltens unerl{\"a}sslich. Hierbei wurden in den letzten Jahren mit maschinellem Lernen vielversprechende Ergebnisse erzielt, insbesondere f{\"u}r XGBoost- und Random-Forest-Modelle. Aufgrund der zunehmenden Verwendung von Tracking-basierten Smartphone-Apps zur Aufzeichnung des Mobilit{\"a}tsverhaltens, wenden wir diese Modelle auf einen solchen Datensatz an. Zudem analysieren wir eingehend deren Interpretierbarkeit. Wir kommen zu dem Schluss, dass das XGBoost-Modell am leistungsst{\"a}rksten und dennoch erkl{\"a}rbar ist. Die von solchen Modellen gewonnenen Erkenntnisse k{\"o}nnen beispielsweise genutzt werden, um die Verkehrsmittelwahl f{\"u}r beliebige Quelle-Ziel-Paare vorherzusagen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{ReichelGerstnerSchilleretal., author = {Reichel, Tobias and Gerstner, Mathias and Schiller, Leo and Attenberger, Andreas and Hackenberg, Rudolf and Dološ, Klara}, title = {A forensic analysis of GNSS spoofing attacks on autonomous vehicles}, series = {Cloud Computing 2025 : The Sixteenth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, 06.-10. April 2025, Valencia}, booktitle = {Cloud Computing 2025 : The Sixteenth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, 06.-10. April 2025, Valencia}, organization = {IARIA}, isbn = {978-1-68558-258-6}, issn = {2308-4294}, pages = {32 -- 39}, abstract = {Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) are essential for modern technology, enabling precise geographic positioning in aviation, maritime shipping, and automotive systems. In the future, their role will be even more critical for autonomous vehicles, which rely on accurate localization for navigation and decision-making. However, the increasing connectivity of autonomous vehicles exposes them to cyber threats, including GNSS spoofing attacks, which manipulate location data to mislead onboard systems. As reliance on GNSS grows, so does the risk posed by spoofing attacks, making it a critical security concern. This paper describes GNSS spoofing attacks on autonomous vehicles, focusing on their detection both during and after an attack. Furthermore, we analyze data storage strategies to facilitate effective forensic analysis. We highlight the importance of position, signal, and camera data, which should be preserved to ensure a comprehensive forensic investigation. Finally, we suggest a simulation setup that enables studying which data could be used for a forensic investigation. Additionally, we examine established data frameworks and decide whether they are suitable for detecting GNSS spoofing attacks.}, language = {en} } @techreport{BergmeierBockFischeretal., author = {Bergmeier, Sonja and Bock, Maximilian and Fischer, Lukas and Flassig, Nathanael and Hidv{\´e}gi, Barnab{\´a}s and B{\"a}cher, Tim and Hierl, Jonas and Kaltenbach, Dominik and Lackermeier, Florian and Laubmann, Julia and Liebl, Jonas and Pirthauer, Tobias and Reif, Robin and Roider, Stefan}, title = {FMS-Berichte Wintersemester 2024/25}, series = {FMS-Berichte Wintersemester 2024/25}, volume = {2024}, journal = {FMS-Berichte Wintersemester 2024/25}, number = {9}, editor = {Fuhrmann, Thomas and Hipp, Susanne and Niemetz, Michael and Sterz, Oliver}, address = {Regensburg}, organization = {Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg / Fakult{\"a}t Elektro- und Informationstechnik}, doi = {10.35096/othr/pub-8312}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-83121}, pages = {76}, abstract = {Dieser Bericht entstand urspr{\"u}nglich auf Initiative der Studierenden des damals neuen Masterstudiengangs „Elektro- und Informationstechnik (MEI)" an der OTH Regensburg, die an der Pflichtlehrveranstaltung „Forschungsmethoden und Seminar (FMS)" im Wintersemester 2020/21 teilnahmen. Diese Lehrveranstaltung hat das Ziel, systematisch an das wissenschaftliche Arbeiten, speziell die Wissenschaftskommunikation, heranzuf{\"u}hren. Daher ist im Laufe der Veranstaltung geeignete Literatur zu einem individuellen Thema zu recherchieren, sind Ver{\"o}ffentlichungen auf ihre Relevanz hin zu beurteilen und letztendlich gilt es eine eigene Ausarbeitung basierend auf der Literaturrecherche zu erstellen und diese in einem Vortrag zu pr{\"a}sentieren. Parallel dazu wird im Theorieteil die entsprechende Hinf{\"u}hrung zu den verschiedenen Elementen der Wissenschaftskommunikation vermittelt: • Bedeutung der Wissenschaftskommunikation f{\"u}r die Arbeit der Ingenieure in Forschung und Entwicklung • Literaturrecherche, Suchmaschinen, Sichtung und Analyse vorhandener Publikationen, Bewertung der Qualit{\"a}t aufgefundener Fachliteratur, Auswahl geeigneter Materialien f{\"u}r die eigene Arbeit • Aufbereitung und Darstellung der recherchierten technischer Inhalte in Form einer seitenanzahlbegrenzten wissenschaftlichen Ausarbeitung • Einhalten formaler Randbedingungen bzgl. Strukturierung, einschl. Bildnachweise und Zitationsstile • Peer-review-Prozess bei wertsch{\"a}tzender Beurteilung der Leistung anderer • Publikumsangepasstes Aufbereiten komplexer fachlicher Inhalte mit hochschul{\"o}ffentlicher Pr{\"a}sentation der Ergebnisse • F{\"u}hren m{\"u}ndlicher wissenschaftlicher Diskurse Die pr{\"a}sentierten Themen beruhen nicht auf eigener Forschungst{\"a}tigkeit, sondern sind als einf{\"u}hrende Reviewartikel zum jeweiligen vorgegebenen technischen oder gesellschaftspolitischen Forschungsthema zu verstehen.}, subject = {Elektrotechnik}, language = {mul} } @unpublished{MeisingerHofrichterBaueretal., author = {Meisinger, Alexander and Hofrichter, Andreas and Bauer, Franz and Sterner, Michael}, title = {Unlocking Potential Energy Partnerships in Europe: a Case Study on the Way to a Franco-German Energy Transition}, publisher = {SSRN}, doi = {10.2139/ssrn.5251699}, pages = {23}, abstract = {Global warming is already causing global destabilization. Geopolitical challenges fuel this instability and highlight the need for trusted energy partnerships to ensure energy security. To limit global warming and increase energy security, it is essential to take joint action on an international and global scale. The European Green Deal contributes to this. However, specific national actions are still needed. This research presents a way forward for a Franco-German energy transition and unlocks the potential of energy partnerships within Europe, using a cost-based, sector-coupled optimization model. Both countries are coupled via an isolated country optimization approach. Thus, the focus is on the development of each national energy system. The results highlight the increase of energy security in line with the European Green Deal. The main pillars of the energy transition are solar energy (32- 33\%), wind energy (25-38\%) and biogenic energy sources (13-27\%). Nuclear power is being phased out in Germany and France. The results show that a Franco-German energy partnership has great potential. Overall, France can cost-effectively cover 25\% of Germany's hydrogen import needs (122 TWh) in 2050. At the same time, France can also benefit from the energy partnership in terms of economic growth and joint action to mitigate climate crisis.}, language = {en} } @techreport{VolkenhoffGerstenbergerBreitbarthetal., author = {Volkenhoff, Tobias and Gerstenberger, Marcus and Breitbarth, Lutz and Carstensen, Christian and D{\"o}lger, Reiner and Feldges, Michael and Hegewald, Jessica and Mutzbauer, Johannes and Rose, Martin and Schopf, Hans J{\"u}rgen and Schroth, Max and Schwietering, Christoph and Seidel, Christian and Sievers, Ariane and Spangler, Matthias and Trupat, Stefan and {\"U}st{\"u}n, Ellen}, title = {H NBA - Hinweise zum Einsatz von Netzbeeinflussungsanlagen}, number = {310/1}, edition = {Ausgabe 2025}, publisher = {FGSV}, address = {K{\"o}ln}, isbn = {978-3-86646-434-8}, pages = {94}, language = {de} } @article{SchummBrownAbdelKhaleketal., author = {Schumm, Leon and Brown, Tom and Abdel-Khalek, Hazem and Ueckerdt, Falko and Sterner, Michael and Fioriti, David and Parzen, Max}, title = {The impact of temporal hydrogen regulation on hydrogen exporters and their domestic energy transition}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {16}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Nature}, address = {London}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-025-62873-w}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-84857}, pages = {13}, abstract = {As global demand for green hydrogen rises, potential hydrogen exporters move into the spotlight. While exports can bring countries revenue, large-scale on-grid hydrogen electrolysis for export can profoundly impact domestic energy prices and energy-related emissions. Our investigation explores the interplay of hydrogen exports, domestic energy transition and temporal hydrogen regulation, employing a sector-coupled energy model in Morocco. We find substantial co-benefits of domestic carbon dioxide mitigation and hydrogen exports, whereby exports can reduce market-based costs for domestic electricity consumers while mitigation reduces costs for hydrogen exporters. However, increasing hydrogen exports in a fossil-dominated system can substantially raise market-based costs for domestic electricity consumers, but surprisingly, temporal matching of hydrogen production can lower these costs by up to 31\% with minimal impact on exporters. Here, we show that this policy instrument can steer the welfare (re-)distribution between hydrogen exporting firms, hydrogen importers, and domestic electricity consumers and hereby increases acceptance among actors.}, language = {en} }